Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
4~
- 1 - C 679 (R)
LIGHT ~UTY LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITION
-
As liquid dishwashing detergent formulations become increasingly
popular with the consumer, the performance of such detergent
compositions for cleaning kitchen utensils, such as glasses, dishes
and other apparatus, becomes more important. Many performance
characteristics are associated with this type of detergent
formulation, among which are foamability, detergency, soil
suspending abilit~ and mildness. In addition, the consumer
; has become concerned with both the final appearance of the objects
that are washed and the ease with which washing, rinsing and the
- 10 drying of the kitchen utensils can be accomplished.
Spotting may be referred to as resulting from the break up of a
once continuous liquid film followed by the isolation of liquid
patches that become stranded on the solid surface. Upon the
drying of these isolated liquid patches, spots will form from the
solid residue that was dissolved or suspended in the liquid. One
of the disadvantages associated with liquid dishwashing detergent
compositions, therefore, is the need to dry the washed objects or
apparatus with a towel so that spot and film formation from the
minerals in the rinse water can be avoided or minimized to a large
extent. Moreover, because of the amount of water that remains
undrained on the glassware and plates and kitchen utensils, etc.7
the towel drying process tends to become time-consuming and an
additional burden to the consumer, thereby leaving it more desirable
to let the washed utensils or apparatus drain and dry by themselves
under ambient conditions.
:; ~
~17~
,,
- 2 - ~ 67
Various attempts have been made to minimize the effect of the
water hardness residue and film-forming deposits on washed
kitchen utensils by applying various additives in the detergent
formulations, either by complexing the water hardness salts, or
by formulating special rinsing agents. However, the incorporation
of complexing and/or soil suspending agents in the liquid
formulations create processing and formulation problems, while any
of the special rinsing agents that have been disclosed heretofore
must be packed and applied separately in the washing solution.
It has also been proposed to improve the drainage properties of
dishwashing compositions by incorporating an agent, such as gelatin
or casein, which allows the rinse water to "sheet-off" the
utensil, thereby leaving the surface dry. This rapid "sheeting-off"
effect reduces the effort involved in drying the washed objects and
also improves their final appearance in terms of minimizing or
altogether obviating the spotting and filming associated with
suspended soil and water hardness.
Applicants have unexpectedly discovered that a liquid detergent
composition containing a relatively small amount of a copolymer of
N-vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate, having
specific molecular weight limitations~ and a small amount of an
alkali metal salt of casein, e.g., sodium caseinate, when added to
an anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof,
provides an excellent washing and cleaning composition with much
improved drainage properties so as to render the cleaned objects
virtually free from spotting andtor filming.
The liquid detergent composition will generally contain from about
2% to about 50% by weight, preferably from about 10% to about 30%
by weight of the total composition of an anionic surfactant
compound.
Among the suitable synthetic anionic surface active agents that
may be present in the liquid dishwashing detergent composition
are the water-soluble hydrocarbon sulfates having the general
- 3 - C 67~ (R)
formula:
R10( C2H4)nS3
wherein R1 is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated,
aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms;
n is from 0 to about 15; and M is a cation, preferably sodium,
potassium or ammonium. Important examples which form part of the
preferred composition of the present invention are the salts of
an organic, sulfuric acid reaction product of a saturated or
unsaturated fatty alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably
tallow or coconut alcohol, reacted with 1.5 to 15, preferably 3
to 13 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol. Specific
examples are C12 14 alkyl - 0 (C2H~0)3 3 14
(C2H40)3S03NH45 C12_16 alkyl - 0 - (C2H40)6 3
- 0 - (C2H40)9 - S03N(H)2 (C2H40H)?. Important examples of hydro-
carbon sulfates as represented by the above formula whereby n is
0, are those obtained by sulfating hydroxylated hydrocarbons,
preferably fatty alcohols having 8 to 18, most preferably 12 to
16 carbon atoms, with S03, H2S04, etc. follo~ed by hydrolysis and/or
bleaching according to processes well known in the art.
Also suitable are the water-soluble salts of the organic sulfuric
acid reaction products of the general formula:
R2 ~ S03M
wherein R2 is chosen from the group consisting of a straight or
branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical
having from 8 to 24, preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; and an
alkylbenzene radical having from 8 to 18, preferably from 12 to
16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; and M is a cation, preferably
sodiurn,potassium, ammonium, magnesium or calcium. Important examples
of the synthetic detergents which form a part of the preferred
compositions of the present invention are the salts of an organic,
sulfuric acid reaction product of a hydrocarbon of the methane
series, including iso-, neo-, meso-, and n-paraffins, having 8 to
~7~34~
- 4 - C 679 (R)
24 carbon atoms, preferab1y 11 to 1~ carbon atoms, and 1 up to 4
double bonds, and a sulfonating agent, e.g. S03, H2S04, oleum,
obtained according to known sulfonation methods, including
bleaching and hydrolysis. Preferred are sulfonated C12 18
n-paraffins, alone or in combination with sulfonated alpha olefins
containing an average of 14 carbon atoms. Important examples of
alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from
about 9 to about 18 carbon atoms are dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, and
hexadecylbenzene sulfonates and those which are described in U.S.
Patents Nos. 2,220,099 and 2,477,383.
The preferred anionic surface-active agent which can be included
in the composition of the present invention, is the water-soluble
hydrocarbon sulfate as represented hereinbefore by the general
formula R10(C2H40)nS03M, wherein R1 is preferably a straight,
~; saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, having from 8 to 20,
desirably 12 to l6 carbon atoms; n is preferably from 3 to 9; and
M is preferably sodium, potassium or amrnonium. Said preferred
ethoxylated hydrocarbon sulfates can be present in amounts up to
50%, but are preferably present between 5 and 35% by weiaht, based
on the total weight of the composition.
In case of combinations of water-soluble, ethoxylated hydrocarbon
sulfates, as represented by the aforenentioned general formula
R1O(C2H40)nS03M, and water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfuric
acid reaction product of the general formula R2S03M, wherein R1,
; R2 and M and n have the same meaning recited aboYe; the weight
ratio of said water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfuric acid
reaction product to the ethoxylated hydrocarbon sulfate will
usually be, dependent upon the concentration and type of the metal
cations present in the wash solution (i.e. the ionic strength),
from about 10:1 to about 1:10, preferably from about 3:1 to about
1:1. The most preferred are those compositions whereby the water-
soluble ethoxylated hydrocarbon sulfates are C1z_l6 alkyl - 0 -
(C2H40)3 6S03M, and the water-soluble salts of the organic,
sulfuric acid reaction products are C11 1~ paraffin sulfonates.
43
, .
- 5 - C 679 (~)
The levels of nonionic surface-active detergent in the li~uid
detergent camposition of the present invention will preferably
be from about 1% to about 30% by weight, most preferably from about
1% to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the
composition.
Suitable, water-soluble, nonionic surface-active agents to be used
in the formulation of the liquid dishwashing detergent composition
of the present invention are the water-soluble, nonionic,
tertiary amine oxides as represented hereinafter by the general
formula:
R3R4R5N - 0
whereby R3 represents a high molecular, straight or branched,
saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon, hydroxyhydrocarbon,
or alkyloxyhydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical having
a total of 8 to 24, preferably 12 to 18; R4 and R5 which may be the
same or different, represent each a methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl,
and hydroxyethyl radical.
They are generally prepared by direct oxidation of appropriate
tertiary amines according to known methods. Specific examples of
tertiary amine oxides are: dimethyl dodecyl amine oxide, diethyl
tetradecyl amine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dodecyl amine oxide,
bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-dodecoxy-1-hydroxypropyl amine oxide,
dimethyl-2-hydroxydodecyl amine oxide, and diethyl eicosyl amine
oxide.
Another group of suitable nonionic surfactant compounds are the
water-soluble, tertiary phosphine oxidesg represented by the
general formula:
R3R4R5P - 0
whereby R3, R4 and R5 have the same meani~q as described herein-
before. They can be prepared by alkylating an alkyl phosphine
~17&~
- 6 - C 67g ~)
derivative and oxidizing the resulting reaction product. Specific
examples of tertiary phosphine oxides are: dimethyl dodecyl
phosphine oxide, diethyl tetradecyl phosPhine oxide, bis-(2-
hydroxyethyl)- dodecyl phosphine oxide, tetradecyl ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl phosphine oxide, oleyl dimethyl phosphine oxide,
and 2-hydroxydodecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide.
Still another group of nonionic surfactant compounds are the
water-soluble amides represented by the general formula:
R6 - CO - N(~i)m l(R7H)3-m
wherein R6 iS a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon
radical having from 7 to 21, preferably from 11 to 17 carbon atoms;
R7 represents a methylene or ethylene group; and m is 1, 2 or 3,
preferably 1. Specific examples of said amides are mono-ethanol
coconut fatty acid amide, diethanol dodecyl fatty acid amide,
and dimethanol oleyl amide.
Yet another group of nonionic surfactant compounds are the
water-soluble condensation products obtained by condensing from
3 to about 25 moles of an alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene or
propylene oxide, with one mole of an organic hydrophobic compound,
aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature and having 8 to 24 carbon
atoms and at least one reactive hydrogen atom, preferably a
reactive hydroxyl, amino, amido or carboxy group. Specific
examples of these groups of compounds are:
1. condensation products of ethylene oxide with aliphatic alcohols
of more than 8 carbon atoms. The alcohols are usually derived
from the naturally occurring fatty acids or from various
branched-chain higher alcohols. Among the preferred alcohol-
ethylene oxide condensation products are those made from
alcohols deriYed from tallow and coconut fatty acids. Most
preferred are the condensation products of about 4 to about 12
moles of ethylene oxide per mole of an aliphatic alcohol having
from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms, in particular a
. .
7 C ~79 (R)
middle-cut coconut fatty alcohol condensed with 6 moles Gf
ethylene oxide;
2. condensation products of ethylene oxide with alkylphenols,
whereby the phenols may be mono- or polyalkylated and the total
number of side-chain carbon atoms may be from 5 to 18 carbon
atoms. The aromatic nucleus bearing the phenolic hydroxyl may
be benzene, naphthalene, or diphenyl, preferably benzene.
Specific examples are condensation products of one mole of
nonylphenol with 9 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide;
3. condensation products of ethylene oxide with the fatty acid
esters, preferably mono-fatty acid esters of the sugar alcohols,
sorbitol and manitol, and also of di- and polysaccharides.
Specific examples of the polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonolauric
acid esters having 20 or more ethylene oxide units; and the
polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid partial esters of
hexitol anhydrides generally known under the trade name TWEEN,
available from ICI America, Inc., Wilr,lington, Delaware;
4. polyethenoxy esters, or esters f0rmed by reacting ethylene
oxide with carboxylic acids. The acids can be natural fatty
acids or fatty acids made from oxidized paraffin wax, or mono-
or alkylated benzoic and naphthenic acids. Desirable are
aliphatic fatty acids having from 10 to 20 carbon atom,s, and
benzoic acids with 5 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups.
Specific examples and preferred condensation products are tall
oil ethylene oxide condensation products having 9 to 15
ethylene oxide units;
5. condensation products of fatty acyl alkanolamides of the type
C7 17 alkyl - CO - NHC2H40H, C7_17 alkyl - CO - N - (C2H40H)2
with ethylene oxide. Ihose preferred are condensation products
of one mole of coconut - CO - NH - C2H40H with 5 to 20 moles
of ethylene oxide. Specific examples of polyethenoxy alkanol-
amides of fatty acids are the commercial products, marketed
under the trade name ETHOMID, available from Armak Chemical
Company, Chicago, Illinois;
6 condensation products of C8_18 alkyl , C8 18 y
C5 18 alkylaryl amines and ethylene oxide. A specific and
preferred example is the condensation product of one mole of
'7~
, ,.
- 8 - C 67~ (R~
dodecylamine with 9-12 moles of ethylene oxide.
The maximum level of water-soluble, anionic and nonionic surface-
active agents that can be included in the liquid detergent
composition of the present invention will usua11y depend on the
level of each of the surfactants present and also to a certain
extent on the presence of the drainage modification agents herein.
The maximum amount of both nonionic and anionic surface-active
agents which can be present in the composition of the present
invention is about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the
composition.
A
The copolymer used in the present liquid dishwashing detergent
composition to provide enhanced drainage properties, is a copolymer
of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate whose
monomer structure is represented by the following formula:
CH2
CH2
O
Cl = O
- -CH3 ~ ~ _
CH3
The molecular weight of this copolymer is preferably between
40,000 and 1.5 million9 and may be present in the composition from
about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the total composition,
preferably between 0.5% and 3.0% by wei~ht. A copoly~er that is
commercially available may be obtained from the GAF Corporation
under the trade name of Gafquat 755, having a molecular weight of
about 1 million, and Gafquat 734,having a molecular weight of
about 100,000.
A third ingredient that is used in the dishwashing liquid
composition of the invention is an alkali metal salt of the protein,
casein, preferably sodium caseinate. The caseinate can be present in
~7~
- 9 - C 67g (Rj
an amount of from O.S~ to about 5% by weight based on the total
weight of the composition, preferably from 1.0% to about 3.0% by
weight. A commercial grade of sodium caseinate is available from
Western Dairy Products under the trade name of Savortone LF having
the following analysis:
% Dry Wei~ht
Protein 95
Fat 1.2
Ash 4 0
Moisture 4.0
pH (5% aqueous solution) 6. 7
A more adequate description of casein and its salts may be found
in the "~mdoment~ of Da~Yy C~emistry" by B.H.Webb, A.H.Johnson,
and J.A.Alford, Avi Publication ~o., Inc., 2d Ed. (1974), pp.
92-111, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Accordingly the invention pertains to a light duty, hand dishwashing
liquid detergent composition comprising:
1. About 2% to about 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant compound,
~ nonionic surfactant compound, or mixtures thereof;
; 2. About 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a copolymer of N-vinyl-
pyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate having a
molecular weight from about 40,000 to about 1,500,000; and
3. From 0.5% to about 5% by weight of an alkali metal salt of caseini
the percentages expressed being based on the total weight of the
composition.
The above liquid detergent composition provides excellent drainage
of washed kitchen utensils and apparatus, and prevents water spotting
and filming when the utensils are left to dry. Moreover, the
utensils are left with a shiny clean appearance and eliminate the
necessity for towel drying or wiping.
1~178~3
- 10 - C 679 ~)
A preferred embodiment for the dishwashing liquid detergent
composition according to the invention is one which contains (a)
from abou-t 10 to about 50% of an anionic surfactant compound, or
a mixture of anionic surfactant compounds; (b) from about 1~ to
about 10% of a nonionic surfactant compound, or a mixture of
nonionic surfactant compoundsi (c) from about 0.5% to about 3.0%
of a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethyl-
methacrylate having a molecular weight between about 40,000 and
1.5 million, or mixtures thereof; and (d) from about 1.0% to
about 3.0% of sodium caseinate; the percentages expressed being
based on the total weight of the composition.
Additional ingredients that can be optionally included in the hand
dishwashing liquid composition of the present invention are water-
soluble, low molecular weight organic acid, or the water-soluble
alkali metal, ammonium,or substituted ammonium salts thereof.
Organic acids or their salts are added to enhance the cleaning
action of the liquid detergent composition of the present
invention and can, in addition, be used as a source of ions to
maintain the pH of the composition at a given pH value. Suitable
water-soluble, low molecular weight organic acids include, for
example, acetic, citric, malic, gluconic, maleic, lactic, tartaric,
propionic, butyric 9 malonic, polymaleic, polyitaconic, glutaric,
citraconic, benzene pentacarboxylic, hexacarboxylic, succinic,
ethylene diamine tetra-acetic and nitrilotriacetic acids. Partially
and completely neutralized salts of the foregoing acids can also
be used. Specific examples of suitable, organic acid salts are
mono-, di- and trisodium citrate, diammonium citrate, monopotassium
tartrate, disodium succinate, and tetrasodium melletate.
The maximum level of the water-soluble organic acids or salts
that can be added to the liquid detergent composition of the present
invention should usually not exceed 15 percent by weight of the total
weight of the composition, and should preferably be below about 10
percent by weight. Some of the organic acid salts can be replaced
by inorganic builder salts. The amount of inorganic builder salts,
e.g. sodium phosphates and carbonates, should preferably not exceed
- 11 - C 679 ~R~
5 percent by weight in the composition.
Other suitable ingredients or additional compounds that can
optionally be added to improve consumer acceptance of the
composition of the present invention are: perfume, dyes,
fluorescers, tarnish inhibitors, such as benzotriozole or
ethylene thio-urea; shine improvers, such as boric acid or its
salts in amounts of up to 3 percent by weight; bactericides
such as 2-bromo-2-nitro-1, 3-propanediol, substituted benziodolium
compounds9 diphenyl ethers substituted with Cl, Br or -CF3, e.g.
3,4-dichloro-4'-trifluoromethyldiphenyl ether; organic solvents,
and hydrotropesiin amount of up to about 15 percent by weight to
improve the pourability of the composition and to enhance the
compatibility of the different components~ Examples of the
or~anic solvents are the mono- and dialcohols containing 2 to
8 carbon atoms such as ethanol, butanol, methylpropanol-1 and -2,
amylol (pentanol), 1,2-,1,3- and 1,4-butanediol, toluol, benzyl
carbinol, ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, propyleneglycol propyl
ether and diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. Examples of hydrotropes
are sodium,potassium or ammonium xylene sul~onate, and sodium,
potassium or ammonium isethionate.
The benefits and advantages of the instant liquid dishwashing
detergent cornposition are illustrated in the examples and tests
set forth below.
Example 1
The substrates used to judge the effectiveness of the foregoing
agents in the drainage modification in a liquid dishwashing detergent
composition of all of the examples herein were either 310 ml
drinking glasses, glass dinner plates (23 cm diameter), ceramic
dinner plates (23 cm diameter), or plastic dinner plates (23 cm
diameter), Boontonware. The substrates were washed with various
detergent compositions at a use level of 0.15% and 0.20% for
1 minute and 3 minutes at a temperature of 40-45C. Edgewater,
New Jersey tap water was used in all of the experiments. The
substrates were then rinsed either und~ running tap water or in a
8~3
- 12 - C 67g (R~
dishpan filled with clean -tap water. In both cases, the temperature
of -the rinse water was approximately 45C. The duration of ~he
rinse was varied between 10 seconds and 2 minutes.
After the rinse, the substrate was placed on a rack to dry. The
time at which drainage began and the percentage of the surface
area of the substrate that dried due to this drainage were recorded.
The degree of benefit arising from the agent is directly related
to the time at which drainage begins and the percentage of the
area dried by this drainage. The benefit produced by drainage
modification increases with increasing drainage rate and
increasing percentage area dried by the enhanced drainage, provided
that the rinse ~ater film drains as a uniform sheet, and does not
break up into water droplets which produce objectionable spotting.
The drainage agents used in the following tests are listed in
Table 1 below.
Table 1
Drainage
Modification
Agent ~ tion
PVP-K90~ Polyvinylpyrrolidone, MW - 360,000 ,
PVP-K30~ Polyvinylpyrrolidone, MW - 40,000
Gafquat 755x Copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and dimethyl-
amino-ethylmethacrylate, MW - 1,000,000
Gafquat 734~ Copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and methyl-
amino-ethylmethacrylate, MW - 100,000
Gelatin~ Type B, Bloom Strength 225
Savortone LF~ Sodium Caseinate
Available from the GAF Corporation.
Available from General Foods, Inc.; also described in USP 3,963,649.
~ Available from Western Dairy Products.
The influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone and the copolymer of N-vinyl-
pyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate on the drainage of
l7~
- 13 - C 67g ~P.j
rinse water from several substrates after washing with a liquid
dishwashing composition is set forth in Table 3. The surfactant
system used in these formulations is given in Tabel 2 below:
Table 2
Surfactant System % by weight
Secondary alkane (C15 3 avg.) sufonate (SAS 60)~ 17
Amnonium C12-C15 (3 ethylene oxide) sulfate 12
Lauryl diethanolamide 5
10 Ethanol 5
Water to '00
~*~* Available from American Hoechst Corporation.
All of the results shown in Table 3 are compared with the base
surfactant system given in Table 2 without the inclusion of a
drainage modification agent.
- 14 - C 679 (R)
Table 3
Effect of Drainage Modification Agen-ts on Substrates
Time for Effect % Area Dried
To Begin (seconds) By Evaporation
Con oe n-
tration
in Formu-Glass Plastic Glass Plastic
Agent lation Glasses Plates Plates Glasses Plates Plates
-
No agent -- -- -- -- 100 100 100
PVP K-90 10% 9 -- -- ~10 -- --
PVP K-90 5% 4 5 10 30 25 25
; PVP K-90 2% 10 -- -- 10-15 -- --PVP K-90 1% 12 -- -- 20 -- --
PVP K-~0 10% 10 -- -- 20-30 -- --
Gafquat-75510% 8 -- -- 10-20 -- --
Gafquat-73410% 4 -- -- C 10 -- --
Gafquat-7345% 3 3 10< 10 10 25
Gafquat-7342.5% -- 3 3 -- 23 70
Gafquat-7342.0% 10 -- -- 15 -- --
Gafquat-7341.0% 15 -- -- 30 -- --
Gafquat-7340.35% 12 -- -- 50 -- --
Gafquat-7340.21% 10 -- -- 55 -- --
Na Caseinate 2.5% 12 3 4 70 ~5 76
Na Caseinate 2.0% 20 -- -- 85 -- --
Na Caseinate 1.0% -- -- -- 100 -- --Gelatin~ 2.0% 10 -- -- 85 -- --
Gelatin~ 1.0% 12 -- -- 85 -- --
-
Example 2
Mixtures of the copolymer of the present invention with sodium
caseinate shows enhanced drainage modification on various substrates
as compared with sodium caseinate used alone. This is demonstrated
by the results shown in Table 4 with a surfactant system used
according to Example 1.
34~3
- 15 - ~ 67g (R~
Table 4
Drainage Modi fication Produced by Combin-
ation of Çopolymer and Sodium Caseinate
Wt.% in
Formu- Ceramic Plates Plastic Plates Glass Plates
Agent lation Tine(sec.),%Area Time(sec.),% Area Tirre(~ec.),% Area
Na Casei nate 2.5% -- 100 3 76 3 75
Gafquat-734 2.5% 4 40 3 70 3 23
Na-Casei nate 2.5%~
10-plus ~ 2 2.5 3 73 2.5
Gafquat-734 2.5%J
Gafquat-734 5.0% -- -- 10 25 3
It will be seen that the sodium caseinate used alone is not as
15 effective as when it is used in combination with the drainage
modification agent according to the invention herein.
Example 3
The results described thus far in the foregoing tables have concerned
20 the extent to which drainage modification agents according to the
invention decrease the surface area that dries by evaporation for
a given substrate~ e.g. glassware. This rapid drainage not only
;. facilitates the drying process but also significantly improves thefinal appearance of the glassware with respect to liquid ~ishwashing
25 formulations. The following test illustrates the extent of this
improvement in appearance.
Ten drinking glasses were soiled with mi1k. Five of the glasses were
washed in a formulation containing 2.5% by weight of Gafquat-734
30 copolymer and 2.5% by weight of sodium caseinate in combination with
the Surfactant Formulation described in Table 2. The remaining
five glasses were washed in a solution of a comrnercial hand
dishwashing liquid composition at an identical concentration of 0.20%.
The commercial liquid composition is set forth below in Table 5. A
35 panel of 12 people then compared the two sets of glasses with
respect to spotting, filming and general appearance under normal
laboratory lighting. The panel unanimously selected glasses washed in
- 16 - C 67g (R~
the copoly~ner Gafquat-734/sodium caseinate formulation as having
less spotting and filmina and as having an overall "cleaner"
a?pearance compared with glasses washed with the commercial product.
Table 5
Component % by weight
Ammonium fatty (C12 l4)alcohol (3 E-0-) sulfate 25.0
Potassium alkyl (C12_14) oxyhydroxypropane sulfonate 3.8
Dimethyl alkyl amine oxide 6.0
10 Ethanol 5.6
Nonionic by-product (Cl fatty alcohol t C12_14
fatty alcohol (3 EØ) et~o4xylate) 2.5
~ KCl 2.5
- NaCl o 9
15 K2S4 0.2
Water to 100
Example 4
Samples of a surfactant system as used in Example 1 comprising the
mixture according to the invention were compared with those
containing only the copolymer or sodium caseinate alone.
The samples were examined on drinking glasses with respect to
drain-dry performance and end result following rinsing. The washing
tests were carried out at 42C using precleaned glasses for each
test at 0.2% product concentration under various water hardness
conditions. Wash and rinse times were prolonged to optimise drain-dry
effect; the treated glasses which had been rinsed were drained in an
inverted position following the normal procedure.
The results are shown in the following Table 6
7~3
17
C 679 (R)
.
V) C~ C
'o caJ ~ c ~ ,~
., ~ O E o r~ E ~ o ~ o n~ c o
~5 ~ _ O o c~ a~ 'c ~ ~ Q~
o 3 c_ ~ ~.C = >"~
E o -- ~ ' ~ o --~, >,
_, ~o ., ~ c 4_ ~ .~ ~ Y '
C .) ,' ~ ~ ~ ,- ~ >, V~ o
c_ a~ ~ aJ U~ ~ O O
al c:, ~ ~ ac)-~) c^ ., ~ ~ Q.~)~ o a) aJ
_ ~ n5 ~ '''3
~ __
o . ~, a)o V~ E
o c ~) o ,- ~U~ ~ ., C
aS 3 ~ ~ cn o., c o ~ ' a. ~ E
C I ._
., O a) >, C,~ C ~L' ,E
c~i _ ,- >~ ~
~ ,~ ~s ~,-- v ~ ~ ~ E
E l cE -C~ ~ Q ~ ~ -- --
~ o ., ~ ~_C ~ V
., ~ ~ ~ ., L:) ~ ~ C _
$ ~ C ~ ~- o U~ ~ ~ c
v~,~ Q _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~,
~5! ~ ~n a~ C~ C ~ r-- ~
r- ~ ~r- r~ ~5
c~i cl c c, ~ c, , c E Q,
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J o ~ ^ a.~ ~ .
,- ~. ~` E
" ~ ' 8 .~ ccn o
.~ c~ .~
_ ~ ~ o ~ o ~o-~ ~C o
r~ 0 ~ aJ a) U~ a) ~ L O l~ C Q
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oI ~ ,_ _
Ln U ~ ~ C~r- l
>~ . c _ a~ ~ c.-,- (11 O
D ~ O ~ (~ S r- S. r_
i~ ~ l4- ~ ,aJ ~ >, ,n
. c _ ~ ~ O E~ ., ~ ~ ~ ~
C~J ~r~~D Q a) 3 ~., ,~ ~ ,- o~ Q .~ CL
4- ., ^ ~.n Q ~ v) a) ::~,
O C~ . ~ ~ E ~LI ~ ~ V C r~
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C~___ _ _
LLI ~ ~ ~ ~ a)
~ ~ ~ ~C
, ~ 7 ,
~ ~ al
C ~ ,
Cl ~ ~ Z i
~ `~,
u~ LS~
C~i ~. N N
~ _. ,.,, ____. _ . . ._
67g ~J
The above results show that the composition of the invention is
clearly superior in performance to the compositions outside
the invention.
The results also indicate that there is a synergistic effect of
: sodium caseinate and Gafquat-734, a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone
and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate.
