Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
'~5~ ~77
APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR LINE ST~I~JGI~JG
WIT~ LOAD PIC~CUP COUPLING DE:VICE
Technical Field
This lnvention relates to novel and Lmproved
method~ and apparatus for line stringing that is par-
ticularly suited for stringing line through towers with
line-holding structure that has no side access such a~
for the stringing of a center line and includes a novel
load coupling device and method.
Background Art
T~e advantages of stringing electric power
lines by helicopter or the like are well known. In
the past for airborne stringing of power lines the
practice has been to provide blocks on the support
towers through which the personnel in the helicopter
can readily string the power line.
The use of helicopters ana suitable string-
ing apparatus and methods as presently known have been
confined to towers having a ~ide access as illustrated
in U. S. Patent No. 4,129,287. There are, however, a
number of towers presently in use and designed for
future use wherein the center power line is entirely
closed on all sides at the point of attachment, and
this, of course, poses particular prsblems for string-
ing by helicopter or the like. The present prior artapproach is to use conventional ground equipment.
In the past a common practice in airlifting
loads has ~een to use a grappling hook or some other ~--
type of hook on ~he end of a hoist line to hook into
the load or a cable attached to the load. In most
cases ground personnel is u3ed to make certain there
is a reliable connection between the hoist line and
the load.
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In many aerial load pickup ~ituation~ it i3
also highly de~irable to be able to readily release the
load from the hoist line without ground personnel. An
example of the requirements of thi~ type of coupling i3
the stringing apparatus disclosed herein.
S Disclosure of Invention
In accordance with the present invention there
are di~closed apparatus and methods u~ing an aircraft
for passing a sock line through a line-holding struc-
ture for the center power line of a series of towers.
la A needle-type apparatus uses a pair of tower catches
and a pair of line fasteners on a common support mem-
ber to thread the line. The methods include suspend-
ing the line, which is typically a sock line, from an
aircraft and threading the sock line through a line-
holding structure, all of which are carried out by theoperator in the aircraft, followed by attaching the
sock line to the power line and a pulling of the power
line through the line holding structure.
There is further dis~losed a load pickup
2Q coupling device and method for use in retrieving a load
by a helicopter and like aircraft whic~ includes a
pivot member shown in the form of a hook-like stru~ture
or a bail-like structure defining a central receivinq
area disposed in a sub tantially horizontal plane. The
hook-like pivot me~ber is pivotall~ mounted to pi~ot
relative to the load about a horizontal axis from a
generally prone position to an upright suspended
position.
The configuration and disposition of the pivot
member is such that a hoist line with an enl~rged end
~ember or weight below the pivot member may pas~ into
the receiving area and into a retainer portion defining
an internal retainer area that is ~maller than the end
7~7
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member and arranged so that as the hoist line and end
member are raised by the aircraft the end member en-
gages the retainer portion, the pivot member is piv-
oted to an upright po~ition, and a load-bearing con-
nection is established between ~he hoist line and load.When the weight of the load is supported by ~omething
other than the hoist line, the pivot member pivots
back to the horizontal position and the hoist line and
end member slide from the retainer portion and out
through ~he receiving area of the pivot member.
Brief Description of Drawin~s
The details of this invention will be de-
scri~ed in connection wi~h the accompanying drawings,
in which:
Pig. 1 is a perspective view of a helicopter
supporting a needle-type stringing apparatus for string-
ing a line to towers;
Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the n~edle-type
stringing apparatus shown in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines
3-3 of Pig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of an al-
ternative embodiment of a needle-type apparatus;
Fig. 5 ~s a top plan view of another fonm of
line stringing apparatus;
Fig. 6 is a side elevation view of the device
shown in Figure 5;
Fig. 7 is an enlarge~ sectional view taken
along lines 7-7 of Figuxe 5;
Fig. 8 is a side elevation view of ano~her
arrangement for the front coupling device and front
catch;
Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along
line~ 9-9 of Fiqure 5 with alternate positions for
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the rear catch shown in dashed lines;
~ ig. 10 i~ a top plan view of a coupling
device embodying features of the present in~ention;
Fig. 11 is a side elevation view of ~he
coupling device hown in Pigure l;
Fig. 12 i3 an enlarg~d end elevation view o~
a portion of the coupling device shown in Yigure 10 with
the pivot member upright;
Pig. 13 is an enlarged ~ide elevational view
1~ of the pivot assembly of Pigure 12;
Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along
lines 14-14 of Figure 12;
~ ig. 15 is a pictorial view of the deployment
of a helicopter with a hoist line having an end member
on the lower end for engaging the coupling device shown
in Figure 10;
Fig. 16 is a pictorial vie~ of the load being
carried by the helicopter via the coupling device;
Fig. 17 is a pictorial view of the load in a
ground-supported position with the pivot member moving
with the end member extending back toward a horizontal
position prior to release of the end member and hoist
line from the device;
Fig. 18 is a top plan view of another form of
aerial coupling device embodying features of the present
invention; and
Pig. 1~ is a side elevation ~iew of the
device shown in Figure 18.
Detailed_Description
Referring now to Fig. 1, a helicopter 10 is
~hown stringing a line 30 to a series of towers 14 dis-
posed at spaced intervals. The towers 14 are conven-
tional high-tension towers having a pair of laterally
spaced vertical poles 16 and 18 that are anchored to
~ 7
the ground and a cross support 20 attached at the top
of the vertical poles 16 and 18 for supporting the
strands of the high tension power line. The towers 14
are illustrated as having generally cylindrically
S shaped poles 15 and 18 and a generally rectangularly
shaped cross support 20. It is understood that the ap-
paratus and method of the invention may be used with a
variety of types of towers and only one pole instead
of two may be used per tower.
As illustrated, the cross supports 20 o the
towers 14 are adapted to,support three strands of nigh
tension electric power line; two outside strands 22 and
24 are shown and a procedure for stringing the center
or middle strand is described herein. The structure
being threaded for the center strand has no top, bot-
tom, or side access and is also referred to herein as
"window-like." The outside strands of power line 22
and 24 are attached to the cross support 20 utilizing a
conventional electric insulator 28, as will be the
middle strand of power line upon completion of the in-
stallation. In practice, a stringing block 29 or like
line-holding structure is mounted on the lower end of
each insulator 28 to facilitate the stringing opera-
tion. Blocks of this type are disclosed in U.S. Patents
Nos. 4,129,287 and 3,195,862.
For installing the center strand of power line,
a preliminary stringing line commonly ~nown as and here-
in referred to as sock line 30 is unrolled continuously
from a large spool supported on the ground at one end
of the series of towers being strung, using the string-
ing apparatus of the present invention. Line 30 is
also referred to herein as the "threading line." The
sock line 30 is strung the entire length of the series
of towers and has an end coupling that is connected to
an end of the center strand of power line or conductor.
~ 7
A winch-type puller on the ground is used to
pull the sock line 30 back to its original position and
thereby threads the power line connected thereto through
the line-holding structure that had previously been
occupied by the sock line 30. During the threading of
the power line through the line holding structure it is
maintained in tension by conventional tensioner ap-
paratus on the ground.
While it is understood that the methods and
apparatus of the present invention are suitable for di-
rectly stringing at least, relatively short leng~hs of
power line, the weight of a typical length of power line
would be too great for lifting by the aircraft. In ad-
tion, power line or electrical conductor is vulnerable
to nicks and scratches. The sock line 30 is consider-
ably lighter and more durable and typically is in the
nature of a stranded cable made of strong, lightweight
materials such as steel, nylon, polyethylene and the
like.
A needle-type stringing apparatus 40 shown in
Figs. 1 and 2, generally stated, comprises a support
member 42 in the form of an elongated cylindrically
shaped rod, a generally U-shaped sock line fastener 44
attached at the rear end of support member 42, a front
or leading hoist line fastener or coupling portion 46
attached at the front end portion of the support member
42, and a trailing or rear hoist line fastener or
coupling portion 48 attached to the support member a
selected distance rearwardly of fastener 46 and between
fastener 44 and fastener 46 for attaching the stringing
apparatus 40 to a hoist line 54 depending from the
helicopter 10 or like aircraft. Support member 42 is
also referred to herein as a "threading member~ and as
shown has a leading end and a trailing end. A front
hook-shaped tower catch 50 is mounted on support member
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42 behind fastener 46 and a rear hook-shaped tower catcA
52 is mounted on member 42 rearwardly of fastener 48,
Catch 50 is between fasteners 46 and 48. The function
of catches 50 and 52 is to catch hold of and temporarily
secure the stringing apparatus to the support tower as
the tension in the line 30 pulls one of the catches 50
or 52 against the support tower.
Counterweights 56 and 58 are shown mounted on
support member 42 directly opposite catches 50 and 52,
respectively, to counterbalance the associated catches
for ensuring that the catches are disposed in a hori-
zontal plane and not turned at an angle so as to readil~
catch the tower pole 16.
The line fasteners 46 and 48, respectively,
are thus located axially in front of catches 50 and 52,
respectively. Each line fastener 46 and 48 includes a
generally U-shaped eyelet or lug portion 60 on a ring-
shaped base portion 61 that in turn is rotatably mounted
on support member 42. Stops 62 are provided for each
fastener 46 and 48 and are attached to the support mem-
ber 42 on either side of the body to limit the axial
movement of the fasteners with respect to the support
member and also limit the rotational movement of the
fasteners to 90 with respect to the support member s~
that the lug portion will rotate between a horizontal
position ready for being hooked and a vertical posi-
tio~ when it is hooked and carried by the hoist line.
The catches 50 and 52 are located opposite
the lug portions 60 when the lug portions are in the
horizontal position and swing to the vertical position
at right angles to the catches so that the catches
will catch hold of the sides of vertical poles. The
stops 62 are attached to the support member at a point
approximately even with the attachment point of the
catches S0 and 52 to the support member.
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As shown in Fig. 1, a grappling hook 70 or
similar device may be attached to the hoist line 54
for releasably attaching the hoist line 54 to ~he fas-
teners 46 and 48 of the needle-type stringing apparatus
40. The grappling hook 70 and each of the fasteners
46 and 48 then form a releasable coupling between the
hoist line 54 and the threading member 40.
The catches 50 and 52 of the stringing appa-
ratus 40 are generally hook-shaped and are constructed
to temporarily secure the apparatus 40 to a generally
cylindrical vertical pole 16 of the tower 14 and sup-
port the sock line 30 while the sock line is threaded
through the tower 14.
The stringing apparatus 40 is adapted to
string the sock line through a series of tower supports
14 by a method that generally includes the steps of
pulling the stringing apparatus 4Q with the sock line
30 attached thereto between the towers 14 with the
hoist line 54 of the helicopter lO supporting the
stringing apparatus 40 on a tower 14 while the string-
ing apparatus 40 is released from the hoist line 54,
flying the helicopter 10 and hoist line 54 around the
tower 14, reattaching the hoist line 54 to the string-
ing apparatus 40 on the opposite side of the tower 14,
and then pulling the stringing apparatus 40 and sock
line 30 through the tower 14. Finally, after the sock
line has been strung through all of the towers, one end
is secured to the power line and the power line.is
threaded through the support structure to replace the
sock line.
More specifically, the method is preferably
carried out by first fastening ~he sock line 30 to sock
line fastener 44. The grapping hook 70 of the heli-
copter haul line 54 is attached to the rear hoist line
fastener 48 for pulling the stringing apparatus through
-8a-
the air. ~he airborne stringing apparatus is then
pulled through the tower 14 and the leading tower catch
50 of the apparatus is hooked around a support pole lÇ
on the tower 14. The tension on the sock line 30 helps
to maintain the stringing apparatus 40 in position on
the pole 16.
The hoist line 54 is then released from the
rear fastener 48 and the helicopter flies the hoist line
54 around to the opposite side of the tower 14. The
~ 7
hoist line 54 i3 then reattached to the front hoi3t line
fastener 46 and the helicopter 10 pulls the 3tringing
apparatus 40 through the tower 14 and hooks catch 52 to
the tower pole 16. The hoi~t line 54 i3 then relea3ed
from front hoist line fastener 46 and i5 reattached ~o
rear hoist line fastener 48. The stringing 3pparatus 40
can then be pulled through the tower 14 by the aircraft
and the operation can be repeated at the next tower.
Referring now to Fig. 4 , another em~odiment
~o of the needle-type stringing apparatus is shown and i$
generally designated 80. Apparatus 8~ is formed with
generally square-shaped front and rear tower catches 82
and 84. The catches 82 and 84 have front and rear hoist
line fasteners that are located with the lug portion on
the same side of the support member wh~n the lug portion
i5 in the horizontal position so that the catches will
catch hold of the cross support 20 of the tower.
Counterweights 86 and 88 are shown mounted on support
member 42 directly opposite catches 82 and 84, respec-
tively, to counterbalance the associated catch~s. Thelug portions swing 90 from a horizontal to a vertical
position when supported by the hoist line. This ar-
rangement functions in the same manner as previously
described except that during operatio~ of the apparatus
the square-shaped tower catches 82 and 84 are designed
to support the apparatus on the generally rectangularly
shaped cross support member 20 of the tower 14 rather
than on the vertical tower poles 16 and 18.
The line s~ringing apparatus 571 shown in Fig-
ures 5-9 includes a support member 572 in the form of
an elongated cylindrically shaped rod, a front hoist
line fa~tener or coupling device 515a attached at the
front end of the support m2mber 572, and a rear hoist
line fastener or coupling device 515b attached to the
support member 572 between thle ends thereof a selected
3 ~ 7
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distance behind coupling device 515a.
The stringing app~ratus further ha3 a front
tower catch 575 adjacent to and rearwardly of the front
coupling device 515a and a rear tower catch 576 ~or-
wardly of the rear coupling device 515b. A line fas-
tener 578 is connected to the rear end of the support
member for fastening the sock or pull line 579 to the
support member 571. The line fastener 578 has a mount-
ing bracket clamped to the support member 571 and a
clevis held by the fastening bolts. The sock line 579
is secured to the clevis.
Coupling devices 515a and 515b are of a con-
struction similar to device 515 hereinafter described
and differ from one another only i~ the relative propor-
tions of the shank portion and retainer portions. Thefront coupling device is shorter for added strength. As
shown in Figure 7, each of these coupling deYices 515a
and 515b has a pipe-clamp-type circular mounting bracket
581 that fits around the support member 572 and has
2~ flange plates 582 and 583 through which one or more bolt
fasteners 584 pass to releasably clamp the coupling
device to the support m~her at the desired position.
This allows the member to be located at any position
along the support member and be adjustably moved as
required.
The pivot member carries a stop 586 to hold
it in the horizontal position and a stop 587 to hold it
in the upright position or at any desir~a angular
po~ition in between. For some applications the stops
3a enable the pivot member to swing a full 180, as is
shown in Figure 1.
The front tower catch 575 includes a releas-
able and ~lidable mounting bracket portion 575a similar
to bracket 581 above describecl to permit this catch to
be slidable along the support member 572 and located at
~ 7
a selected position by tightening the bolt fasteners
that extend through the flanges of the bracket, to-
gether with a rearwardly and downwardly inclined hook-
ing arm portion 575b adapted to hook over the top of the
cross support on the tower designated by dashed lines
at 577. The front tower catch 575 may also be located
forwardly of the front coupling device 515a, as shown
in Figure 8.
The rear tower catch 576 includes a releasable
la and slidable mounting bracket portion similar to
bracket 581 above described and has an outwardly and
rearwardly extending arm portion provided with flat
surfaces that are particularly suited for engaging wood.
The rear tower catch 576 shown in Figure~ 5 and 9 ex-
tends laterally out from one side of the support mem-
ber 572 opposite the normal position for the pivot mem-
ber 517 and is positioned for a side hookup with the
upright side pole of a support tower indicated at 580.
The rear tower catch 576 may be disposed at
the opposite side at 576b, on top as indicated at 576a,
or on the bottom as indicated at 575c with respect to
the support member, as shown in dashed lines in Figure
9, depending on the type of tower engagement or hookup
required. The upstanding or top disposition indicated
at 576a with the catch located forwardly and adjacent
catch 575, as shown in dashed lines in Figure 6, is
particularly suited for having the catch engage the
underside or bottom of a cross support 577 on a tower.
A preferred procedure for stringing a sock
line through the line-holding structure of a tower that
has no side access, such as the center line, u~ing line
stringing apparatus 571 above described, is as follows:
The end member or ball 543 on the end of the
hoist line is placed in the front coupling device 515a
and the line stringing apparatus 571 is moved in by the
7.~7
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aircraft and set on the top of the cross 3upport 577
of the tower or other support 3tructure with arm por-
tion 575b hooked on support 577 and the sock line 579
providing a tension to hold apparatus 571 in place.
The line and end member are removed fram the ~ront
coupling device 515a and connected to the rear coupling
device 515b, which is the loaded position ready for
threading.
The line stringing apparatus 571 is then
lifted off the tower, backed up and threaded through
the tower by manipulating the aircraft. The top front
catch 576a may hook the bottom of the tower or the side
mount front catch may hook the side of the tower, ac-
cording to the type of tower, and the stringing appa-
ratus is again supported by the tower. The end member543 is decoupled from the rear coupling device 515b and
hooked into the front coupling device 515a and the line
579 is threaded through the tower and moved down to the
next tower by the aircraft, where the front catch is
20 again set on the top cross support 577 and the above
procedure i9 repeated.
Referring now to Figures 10-19 of the draw-
ings, a load pickup coupli~g device 515 shown is mounted
on load 516 representea in a general form as a rectan-
25 gular block. This coupling device 515, generally stated,
has a single hook-shaped pivot member 517 pivotally
connected at one end to the top of the load by a pivot
assembly 518 to pivo~ about a ~ubstantially horizontal
axis between selected positions described hereinafter.
The pivot member 517 shown is comprised of a
shank portion 521 and a U-qhaped retainer portion 522
with an outwardly flared end portion 523 opposite as-
sembly 518 which define an interior re oeiving area with
a receiving opening 524 for the line along one side op-
posite the shank portion and between the end of the end
777
-13-
portion 23 and the load. Thi3 configuration for the
pivot member and the fact that it is disposed ssbstan-
tially on its side in a prsne position as shown in
Figure 10 provides a load-supported, line-engaging
target area for the hoist line.
In practice the hoist line and end mem~er are
- moved by the aircraft and engage the pi~ot mem~er so
that its external edge assists in guiding the hoi~t
line toward the opening in the hook between the flared
1~ end portion and the load. The outwardly flared end
portion facilitates guiding of the hoist line into the
opening in the hook and against the inner edge of the
~hank portion, which then serves as a line-engaging
target area for the hoist line and guides the hoist
line into the retainer portion 522. The retainer por-
tion 522 is larger than the cross section of the hoist
line and smaller than the cross section of the end mem-
ber carried by the hoist line. Once carried by the
hoist line, the pivot member 517 and its pivotal con-
nection at the assembly 518 become load-bearing or load-
supporting me~bers between the hoist line and load.
The pivot member 517 shcwn is made of a solid
rod 525 of circular cross section with a reinforcing
plate 526 that extends along the shank portion and one
side of the retainer portion for added strength.
The pivot assembly 51B for the pivot member
517 includes a transverse pivot rod 531 affixed to the
end of the shank portion opposite the retainer portion
adapted to rotate about ~ horizon~al axis, together
with a mounting pla~e 532 which carries a pair of sleeve
bearings 533 and 534 affixed thereto. The pivot rod 531
is telescopically received in and retained at opposite
ends by the sleeve bearing~ 533 and 534.
A horizontal stop 535 i~ carried by the shanX
portion and engages the mounting plate 532 to hold the
-14-
pivot member 517 in the horizontal po3ition on one 3ide,
and a horizontal ~top 536 is mounted on the opposi~e 3ide
of the pivot member to hold the pivot in a horiz~ntal
position when swung to an opposite position a~ shown in
S dashed line~. It is understood that the stop~ 535 and
536 may be shaped to position the pivot member at an
upward incline to the horizontal if desired, but in
most cases this angle would be small and would not ex-
ceed 45. Screw fasteners 537 are shown holding the
mounting plate to the load. While a mounting plate i~
shown, it i~ understood that other fastening techniques
may be used to fasten the pivot assembly 518 to the load
and other forms of pivots may be used to pivotally mount
the pivot member 517 to a load.
Referring now to Figures 15-17, the load 516
wi~h a coupling device 515 mounted thereon, as above de-
scribed, is shown on a supporting surface 538. A heli-
copter-type aircraft 541 has a hoist line 542 suspended
thereon with an end member 543 in the form of a ball
forming a weight on the lower end. Shapes other than
spherical could be used.
The helicopter positions the end member 543
belo~ the pivot mem~er and the line 542 is moved toward
the shank portion 521 through the receiving opening 524,
usually against the inner edge of the shank portion
wherein it is guided thereby into the retainer portion
522. The end member 543 i~ then raised against the re-
tainer portion and at the ~ame time the pivot member
swings up about ~he pivot and forms a connection between
the load and the helicopter so that the helicopter may
elevate the load, as shown in Figure 16.
To release the load from the hoist line, upon
the placement of the load on a support surface the pivot
member will tend to swing in the direction of the end
member 543 and lie back down to the horisontal position,
r~ ~Lr~7 ~J7
--15--
whereupon the end member 543 may ~e slid from the re-
tainer portion and out the receiving opening of the
hook in rever3al of motion to that of it3 application.
In Figures 18 and 19 there i$ shown another
S form of coupling device 555 including a pivot member ;57
and a pivot assembly 559 connected at each end to the
load 516. Pivot member 557 is in the nature of a modi-
fied U-shaped bail comprised of a pair of oppositely
disposed, ~paced, arcuate shank portions 560 and 561,
lQ each pivotally connected at one end to the load and
connected at the opposite end to a U-~haped retainer
portion 562. The shank portion~ 560 and 561 form a
receiving area through which the end member will insert
and the inside edges guide the hoist line into the re-
tainer portion. Again the retainer portion 562 issmaller in size than the end member to form the
connection.
The pivot assembly 559 at each end is shown
to include a mounting plate 558 held to the load as by
bolt fasteners with a pivot stud 563 extending through
a hole in the end of the shank portion having a retainer
head 564. Suitable stops 565 are provided on each shank
portion to dispose the pivot member at an angle to the
horizontal, preferably of about 30 but usually not
more than 45. The angular position,allcws the hoist
line and end member to be moved into the receiving area
toward ~he retainer portio~ 562 frcm the side~ $his
configuration for member 557 provides a generally wider
target area for the hoist lLne and end member.
3a The operation of the coupling device 555 is
si~ilar to that of device 51~ above described and the
interior receiving area formed by the pivot member must
-16-
be large enough for the end mem~er on the hoist line to
be moved into the receiving area from t~e 3ide toward
the retainer portion 562. The width sf t~e retainer
portion 562 allows the line to slide thereinto and
engage the end member when it is pulled up against
~ame.
