Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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AN APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL EXERCISE, AND A CRANK DEVICE AND
FOOT SUPPORTING PLATFORMS FOR USE WITH SUCH APPARATUS
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for physical exercise, and a
crank device
and foot supporting platforms for use with such apparatus, as defined in the
introductory
part of the attached independent claims. The invention is useful to provide
for a choice
among a plurality of different workout options related to simulation of
movements, and
to provide means for adjustment thereof according to user defined options.
Background of the invention
The benefits of regular aerobic exercise are well established and accepted.
Because the
major population in the western world live close together in towns and cities,
far from
the countryside and because of inclement weather, time constraints and for
other
reasons, it is not always possible to walk, jog, run or ski outdoors. Various
types of
indoor exercise equipment have been developed for aerobic exercise and to
exercise leg
muscles commonly used in walking, running, skiing, and other outdoors
activities. Such
apparatus include treadmills, stepping machines, and various types of sliding
machines.
Although effective to some extent, they all have disadvantages. Treadmills
have the
drawback of producing high impact on the user's hips, back, legs and knees.
One
approach that minimizes the tear on joints is to use a stair stepper. Stair
steppers,
however, do not develop all of the muscles commonly used in running.
Furthermore,
such machines are difficult to use in sprint type exercises. Finally,
apparatus of the
sliding type require the user to slide his/her feet back and forth along a
horizontal plane.
Such movement does not mimic running and thus offers exercise only to a
limited range
of muscles.
Combining these kinds of apparatus with an indoor training bicycle one would
hope to
have a variety of training options for aerobic exercise. This however would
require a lot
of floor space. To give a maximum aerobic exercise, combined with a simulation
of
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walking, jogging and running without straining the users joints and to save
floor space,
there has for long been a need to provide an improved range of a new type of
training
apparatus often denoted as elliptical trainers or cross trainers.
There is thus a great demand for training equipment capable of simulating a
movement
of the legs and feet, as they naturally would move when walking, jogging,
running,
skiing, climbing or performing a range of stepping motions.
A single apparatus capable of providing to highly satisfactory degree exercise
assistance
to such large variety of simulated movements is yet to be found on the market.
On the market today there is however available some exercise equipment of
elliptical or
cross trainer type aiming to provide such assistance, although so with more or
less
success. Worth mentioning as examples are products from Tunturi, LifeFitness,
Icon
and Precor. The aim of these trainers is to achieve an elliptical like orbit
of user's feet
during a workout similar to that commonly encountered during walking or
running.
Since the user's feet never leave the foot rails, minimal impact is produced.
Training
apparatus creating an orbit to pedals or platforms in an elliptical shape, are
more than
often built quite big to the required stride length. They also often have big
crank wheels
and many bars linked to each other and such trainers have limited means for
adjustment
of stride length and orbit of the pedals or platforms.
The present invention thus intends to solve inherent shortcomings of currently
available
exercise apparatus, and the present invention therefore intends to provide
various
embodiments of a single multifunctional piece of equipment or exercise
apparatus
which may be utilised to assist simulation of different exercises, including
walking,
jogging, running, skiing and climbing without imparting shock to the user's
body joints
in the manner of exercise treadmills. The inventive apparatus replaces
treadmills, all
types of steppers, elliptic operation type of apparatus, cross trainers,
skiing exercise
apparatus and various types of indoors training bikes.
Another aspect of the invention is strengthening of the joints and more
specifically the
muscles and tendons. Training during instability, also called proprioseptive
training, has
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shown positive effects strengthening the muscles round joints. A medical study
using
unstable pedals during training proves signif cant results. Such pedals are
shown in
publication WO00/68067 assigned Flexiped AS. The medical test mentioned was
published in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Vol. 13,
issue 4,
August 2003, author: Dr. Per Hoiness. The present invention offers inclusion
of
elements of instability, specifically regarding supporting means for the feet.
The feet
supports will optionally be able to tilt transversely of the path of motion,
and in addition
have the ability to tilt parallel to the path of motion, to give a toe-heel
movement.
Producing circular, elliptical and linear motions using two wheels, which
interact and
have the ratio of 2:1 is known already from the Renaissance when G. Cardano
invented
this concept and today often referred to as cardanic motion.
This concept is further explained in the publication "Method of synthesis of
cardanic
motion" by Aleksander Sekulic' published no later than 12.01.1998. This
concept is
utilized in different crank solutions mostly for bicycles but also described
as a method
in combustion engines. (See for example principle at www.flying--
~g.co.uk/mechanism)
However, contrary to versatility of the apparatus of the present invention,
neither of the
mentioned prior art devices, nor other prior art devices are capable of
achieving an
optimal elliptical movement with means for easily adjustments of the path and
motion
in the way the present invention provides, and through use of an elected
embodiment of
exercise apparatus according to the invention being able to provide the great
variety of
assistance to simulated movements required for efficient and correct and
optimal
physical training, exercise or therapy.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is intended to provide an
exercise
apparatus with assisting handles for arm movement and for assisting in
simulating a
range of stepping motions, including walking, jogging, running, climbing and
skiing,
and with means for manually or automatically adjusting motions from a linear
to
elliptical path or elliptical like path to the footrest for user's feet.
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Objects of the invention
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide improved exercise
apparatus that
provides for a plurality of motions ranging from linear to elliptical or
elliptical like foot
movement similar to that of walking, jogging, running, climbing and skiing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the above exercising
apparatus
with means for producing any desired path or movement wanted by the user, and
more
specifically provide for selective adjustment to match e.g. stride of the
user, size of orbit
and the type of exercise chosen, preferably with automatically means.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a controlled posture
and angle
of the feet supports related to the exercise apparatus to match the stride and
any
movement required by the user.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide tilting of feet
supports being
operative on the exercise apparatus to create a degree of instability, which
imposes
challenges to the muscles and balance of the user.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an exercise
apparatus, which
requires minimal space to operate and store, yet is still easy to operate,
simple and
reliable in operation and maintenance, and provides a cost-efficient piece of
exercise
apparatus capable of providing a greater variety of modes of use in a single
piece of
equipment compared with prior art devices.
Further, the present invention also aims at providing a crank device useful
for the
exercise apparatus and which provides for a greater range of modes of use, and
is
capable of contributing to the versatility previous unknown to a single piece
of
apparatus for physical exercise.
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Brief summary of the invention
The invention utilises cardanic motion for producing a plurality of motions in
a training
or exercise apparatus. The motions are provided by a crank mechanism utilising
cardanic motion which on each side of an axle has a disc, sprocket, cog or
gear, here
referred to as a sun gear, which is fixed relative to a second gear of half
the size which
revolves around the sun gear. The second gear is rotationally fixed on a crank
arm, with
an axle rotationally running through the sun gear. The rotational motion of
the second
gear is produced through a linkage to the sun gear, the linkage being gears,
belts, chains
or other mechanical transmission means. To the second gear is fixed a second
crank
arm, which has foot-supporting means. The foot supports in a preferred
embodiment
have means for controlling stability and angle relative to the motion.
The training apparatus according to the invention has mechanical means for
adjusting a
length of the crank arms, e.g. through use of motors and gears. The length of
the crank
arm decides the size and shape of the orbit and is preferably automatically
adjustable
dependent on speed or desired stride length. The orientation of the inventive
crank
system may be adjustable rotated in order to change the inclination of the
path and
motion, the rotation of the system preferably assisted by a motor. There are
linkages
between the fixed gear, the sun gear, preferably through use of gears, and the
foot
supporting means for stabilising and keeping a correct angle relative to an
apparatus
frame during a full rotation. The foot supporting means have also means for
adjusting
the angle to create a toe-heel tilt. The foot supporting means in form of
platforms have
optional tilt movement with an adjustable mechanism, the movement transverse
the
stepping motion, for utilising proprioceptive training and exercise.
In a further aspect of the present invention, a flywheel is mounted on a
portion of the
frame connected so to rotate as result of the crank movements. The flywheel
serves as a
momentum-storing device to simulate the momentum of the body during various
stepping motions. Resistance may be applied to the rotation of the flywheel,
to make the
motion harder or easier to achieve. This resistance may be co-ordinated with
the
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workout level desired by the user. Similar kind of system is found on
training/exercise
apparatus, such as ergo-meter bikes, spinning bikes, cross trainers and the
like.
The exercise apparatus would in a preferred embodiment include handlebars,
which
move as part of a training exercise. T'he handle bars would be pivotally fixed
to a
forward part of the training apparatus and hinged to bars linked to rotational
parts of the
crank mechanism in such a way that the bars move in an opposite direction
relative to
the feet supports giving a full cardiovascular workout.
Finally the exercise apparatus includes a user input, monitoring and control
device,
hereinafter referred to as a man machine interface device (MMI) which allows
the user
to adjust the machine so to achieve desired motion, speed, resistance and
path, it being
walking, jogging, running, climbing or skiing. The MMI device is preferably of
a touch-
screen type but could also be a combination of a display/screen and a panel of
buttons.
The characteristic features of the apparatus and the crank device will appear
from the
attached independent claims, and further embodiments thereof will appear from
the
related sub-claims. Also, these and other features and related advantages of
the present
invention will be apparent from the attached drawings and description to
follow.
Brief description of the drawings
The technical features of the invention, the wide range of exercise modes
offered, and
the inherent improvements over the prior art will be described with reference
to
accompanying drawings, which illustrates preferred embodiments ofthe invention
by
example and in which:
Figs. 1 a - 1 c show a side view, top view and a front view of an inventive
crank device,
respectively for use in an apparatus of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the crank device shown in fig. 1;
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Figs. 3a - 3d show a flywheel and drive assembly in side view, front view, and
enlarged
fractional front and perspective views;
Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the flywheel and drive assembly;
Figs. Sa - Sb show alternative embodiments related to flywheel connection;
Figs. 6a - 6d illustrate motions of pedals provided through use of the crank
device of
present invention and the motions relative to available variations in
dimensions;
Figs. 7a - 7h show the movement of crank arms during a full orbit;
Fig. 8 illustrates a first embodiment of working principle of the invention;
Figs. 9a and 9b illustrate second and third variants of the embodiment in fig.
8;
Fig. 10 shows a foot support capable of being forcibly held in a horizontal
position
through a full elliptic orbit;
Figs. l la, l lb and l lc, l Id show schematically and as example first and
second
transmission embodiments related to position control mechanism for foot
supports;
Figs. 12a and 12b show a side view and a front view, respectively, of another
and
further advanced crank device according to the invention;
Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of the embodiment shown in fig. 12 plus
additional
attachable cover;
Figs. 14a and 14b show exemplifying first and second means for lengthening of
crank
arms;
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Figs. 15a and 15b show in side view and .front view a solution to combine the
technical
aspects of the invention shown on figures 11 and 14;
Fig. 16 shows a block schematic of adjustable automatic stride control;
Figs. 17a - 17c show in top plan view, side view and front view a foot
supporting
platform with tilt motion;
Figs. 18a and 18b show a mufti-mode pedal with provisions for either sideways
tilt
motion and conventional operational mode;
Fig. 19a - 19c show in operational side and perspective views, as wel l as
collapsed view
a training or exercise apparatus making use of the invention, provide with
movable foot
supporting platforms and operationally stationary handlebars;
Figs. 20a - 20c show a training/ exercise apparatus making use of the
invention with
movable foot supporting platforms and simultaneously movable handlebars;
Figs. 21a-21c show in schematic front view, and first and second perspective
views a
crank device according to the invention as shown in fig. 12 with additional
means for
adjustment of path inclination;
Figs. 21 d - 21 a show in schematic front view, and first and second
perspective views a
modification of the embodiment shown in figs. 21 a - 21 c, the modification to
enable a
foot support always to stay horizontal throughout its movement cycle.
Figs. 22a - 22c show various stages of movement of crank arm and foot
supporting
platform related to the embodiment of figs. 12 and 13;
Figs. 23a-23e show schematically preferred and available orbital and
rectilinear
movement paths for pedal and foot supporting platform;
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Fig. 24 shows a block schematic of training/ exercise apparatus and system
according to
the invention for adjustment of orbital and rectilinear paths;
Figs. 25a - 25c show in front perspective, rear perspective and side views a
training/
exercise apparatus with inventive crank device and movable handles;
Fig. 26 shows an exercise apparatus with a crank device;
Fig. 27 shows an exercise apparatus with path adjustable crank device and a
reclining
seat;
Figs. 28a and 28b show in front and side view a compact type of crank device
according
to the invention with inner gear transmission;
Fig. 29 is a perspective view of the compact type crank device according to
fig. 28;
Figs. 30a and 30b show the motion of the compact type of crank device
according to
figs. 28 and 29;
Fig. 31 shows a side view of a practical embodiment of an exercise apparatus
according
to the present invention;
Figs. 32a and 32b show perspective views of training/ exercise apparatus shown
in fig.
31;
Fig. 33 shows in top front perspective view from one side structural details
of a crank
device suitably usable in an apparatus as shown in fig. 31 and 32;
Fig. 34 shows a working principle used to give handlebars movement for a
training/
exercise apparatus according to the invention;
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Fig. 35 shows in an enlarged, fractional view details of handle bar mechanism
suitable
for use in an apparatus as shown in fig. 31 and 32;
Figs. 36a and 36a show in perspective view from one and the other side a
functional
half of yet another crank device, according to the invention, for use with an
exercise
apparatus of the invention, and fig. 36c shows a perspective view of the
complete crank
device;
Fig. 37 shows an end view of the crank device half shown in figs. 36a and 36b;
Fig. 38 shows an exploded view of a part of the crank device of figs. 36 and
37 with
lever means for inclination adjustment of the crank device;
Fig. 39 shows an exploded view of an inner crank arm assembly of the crank
device as
shown in fig. 36 and 37;
Fig. 40 shows a perspective view of the inner crank arm assembly of the crank
device as
shown in fig. 39;
Fig. 41 shows in a perspective and partly disassembled view an outer crank arm
assembly of the crank device as shown in fig. 36 and 37;
Figs. 42a and 42b show perspective views of the outer crank arm assembly of
the crank
device as shown in figs. 36 and 37, and further as shown in fig. 41;
Figs. 43a shows a front view of the outer crank assembly of figs. 36, 37, 41
and 42, and
figs. 43b and 43c show sections XLIIIb - XLIIIb and XLIIIc and XLIIIc in fig.
43a;
Fig. 44 shows a section through the crank device as shown in figs. 36 and 37;
Fig. 45 shows a perspective view with cutaway section through the crank device
as
shown in figs. 36, 37 and 44;
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Fig. 46 shows a top, rear perspective view of a modified foot supporting
platform with
sideways tilt function;
Figs. 47a - 47e show bottom, side and rear views, and longitudinal and
transverse
sections of the modified foot supporting platform as shown in fig 46;
Fig. 48a is a top plan view and fig. 48b is a perspective view shown with a
transverse
section of the foot supporting platform of fig 46, said platform for providing
toe and
heel movement;
Fig. 49 shows an exploded view of a mechanism for providing toe and heel
motion of
the platform as shown in fig. 48;
Fig. 50 shows a perspective view of an enlarged fractional part of the
platform as shown
in figs. 48 and 49;
Fig. 51 is a side view, partly shown in section of the platform as shown in
figs. 48 to 50,
and related to section LI-LI in fig. 52;
Fig. 52 shows a rear view of the platform with structural elements as shown in
fig. 48 to
51;
Fig. 53 shows in an enlarged view detail the lower part shown in fig. 51;
Fig. 54 shows schematically tilting motion ofthe foot supporting platform to
provide up
and down motion of toe and heel;
Fig. 55 shows a block schematic of a man machine interface system (MMI)
according to
the present invention;
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Fig. 56 shows schematically a further improvement according to the invention
through
an exercise apparatus a twin crank device mechanism;
Figs. 57a - 57b show schematically another two variant embodiments of a twin
crank
device operated training/ exercise apparatus;
Fig. 58 shows schematically yet another variant embodiment of a twin crank
device
operated training/exercise apparatus;
Fig. 59 shows schematically a further embodiment of a training/ exercise
apparatus of
the invention using a single crank device with linked bars;
Figs. 60a - 60c show schematically a further modified embodiment of a twin
crank
device operated training/ exercise apparatus with telescopic bars linking the
crank
devices.
Figs. 61a and 60b show perspective view and top view oftraining apparatus with
motor.
Fig. 62 shows block schematic of system for training apparatus with motor.
Fig. 63 shows a perspective view of training apparatus with motor connected to
flywheel.
Figs. 64a and 64b shows a schematic view of motor connection in training
apparatus.
Fig. 65 shows block schematic of system for training apparatus shown in figs
63 and 64.
Detailed description of the invention
The following figs. l-9 show a basic solution for creating cardanic motion.
The basic
theory being of prior art, the construction shown as an example of how to use
such
motion in an apparatus for physical training, exercise and any related
therapy.
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Figs. 1 and 2 show a crank device assembly according to the invention. On a
frame 1 is
mounted a crank assembly comprising a pair of crank arms 2 and 3 rotationally
linked
together at articulated joints and 5. Inner crank arms 6 and 7 are fixed
together by
means of an axle 8. Outer crank arms 10 and 11 are fixed through axles 12 and
13 to
cog wheels 14 and 15 (see fig.2) to be rotationally mounted on the inner crank
arms 6
and 7. It is specifically noted that the outer crank arms 10, 11 have a
physical length,
which under no circumstances will be less than the physical length of the
inner crank
arms 6, 7. In order to provide for a crank device that is compact and yet
offers a highly
satisfactory performance adapted to the requirements of an apparatus user, and
with the
possibility of adjusting the length of the outer crank arms to be equal to the
length of the
inner crank arms or more suitably exceed the length of the inner crank arms by
a certain
percentage, variations of path to be described by the pedals or supporting
platforms can
easily be made.
To the frame 1 is fixedly attached non-rotary cog wheels 16 and 17. A
circumference
ratio between cog wheels 16 and 14, as well as cog wheels 17 and 15 is 2:1.
Chains 18
and 19 connects the cog wheels 14,16 and 15, 17. It should be understood that
belt and
pulley arrangement or a toothed belt and cog wheels could replace the chain
and cog
wheels approach. Further aspects of the embodiment of figs. 1 and 2 will be
discussed
in connection with figs. 6 - 9, figs. 9a and 9b showing structural variants
which,
however are functionally giving similar operation performance to an apparatus
user. The
end portions of the outer crank arms have foot supports, suitably in the form
of pedals
20 and 21, but as disclosed below and shown in the drawings, e.g. on f g. 10,
other
means of foot supports such as platforms are preferred to use the full
potential offered
by this invention.
To the axle 8 is fixedly attached a wheel 22, which rotates when the crank
device is set
in motion. As shown in figs. 3-4 a wheel 24 runs on an inside perimeter of
wheel 22.
The wheel 24 is connected to a wheel 25 via an axle 26 extending through a
tension
block 27 fixed to the frame 1. The tensioning of the wheel 24 relative to
wheel 22 is
adjusted by screws 27' on the tension block 27. A flywheel 30 is located
freely rotatable
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around the axle 8. A belt 31 connects the flywheel 30 to wheel 25. As the
crank arms
are set in motion the flywheel 30 is set in motion. T'he ratio between wheels
22 and 24 is
in the area of 10:3 - 10:1, but can be varied depending on the size and wanted
speed of
the flywheel. The quoted ratio is therefore not in any way critical.
It is desirable to monitor the rotational speed of the flywheel or the crank
wheels so as
to measure the distance travelled by a user of the inventive apparatus and
also to control
the level of workout experienced by the user. The movement resistance and
simulated
distance may be co-ordinated with the workout level desired by the user, for
instance, a
desired heart rate range for optimum caloric expenditure. A heart rate monitor
or other
sensors may be utilised to sense the desired or required physical parameters
to be
optimised during exercise. Any standard method of measuring the speed of the
flywheels may be utilised. For instance, an optical or magnetic strobe wheel
or pattern
may be mounted on a disk, or other rotating member, e.g. the wheel 22, of the
present
apparatus. An optical or magnetic sensor 28 may monitor the rotational speed
of the
strobe wheel 29 to generate an electrical signal related to such rotational
speed and
whereby such signal can be processed by a computer located e.g. on the
apparatus. A
man machine interface system (MMI) and device will be described below with
reference to fig. 16, 24 and 55.
As shown in figs. Sa and Sb the flywheel 30 can also be located spaced from
the crank
assembly and wheels 22, 25. The apparatus of present invention includes a
system for
selectively applying the braking or retarding force on the rotation of the
crank wheels
through for example an eddy current brake system, such as indicated on fig. 4
by
reference numeral 34. Such a brake system is known in the art and used on
training/
exercise apparatus currently on the market. Other brake devices that could be
used
include using a belt running around the flywheel and provided with means for
varying
the tensioning, or by using conventional brake shoes interacting with the
flywheel.
The possible motion of the crank arms is further shown in figs. 6 and 7. As
shown in
fig. 6 the result of one rotation of the inner crank arms 6, 7 will give an
elliptic orbit 40
at positions of the pedals 20, 21. The length of the outer crank arm 10,1 l,
or fixing point
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41, 42 of the respective pedal decides the range (and size) of travel as shown
on fig. 6b.
When setting the pedals and crank arms in motion, as indicated by arrow 48 on
fig. 7,
the end of the outer crank arm 10, 11 rotationally linked to the inner arm 6,
7 will travel
as indicated by arrow 49. This is a result of a rotating movement of the cog
wheels 14,
15 fixedly attached to the respective inner crank arm 6, 7 and their travel
along the
chains revolving around the fixed cog wheels 16, 17, thereby defining a
cardanic
motion.
As shown in fig. 6, whether an elliptic or circular orbit or linear track will
be described
by the pedals when in motion will be the result of choice of the length ICAL
of the
inner crank arm 6, 7 between a) its centre of rotation and b) is point of
rotation with the
outer crank arm, se reference numeral 39 on fig. 6b, and the length OCAL of
the outer
crank arm 10, 11 between b) the point of rotation with the inner crank arm (se
reference
numeral 47) and c) the point of rotation with the pedal or supporting platform
(se
reference numerals 41, 42 or 43. Thus, as disclosed in fig. 6d and which is
related to
figs. 6a - 6c, PL is length of path (orbital or rectilinear) described by the
pedal or
supporting platform, i.e. the stride length, and PH is height of path (orbital
or
rectilinear).
The following equations (Eqs.l, 2 and 3) will determine the orbital paths,
given that the
circumferential ratio between cog wheels 16, 14 and 17,15 is as disclosed
before, i.e.
2:1.
PL = 2 x ICAL + 2 x OCAL Eq.l
PH = 2 x OCAL - 2 x ICAL; for OCAL being = or > TCAL Eq.2
PH = 2 x 1CAL - 2 x OCAL; for OCAL being 0 or < ICAL Eq.3
If OCAL = ICAL, i. e. the pedal is located at location 43, it is seen that PH
= 0, i.e.
that the pedal obtains a rectilinear path rather than an elliptic or circular
path, and that
PL will be 2 x (ICAL + OCAL).
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if OCAL = 0, i.e. the pedal is located at location 47, then PL = PH and the
path
described by the pedal will be circular. This is however identical to an
ordinary bicycle
mode (circular mode), and not of particular importance in the present context.
In fact, it
is strongly preferred, according to the present invention that OCAL > ICAL.
If OCAL > ICAL, i.e. the pedal is located at location 41; 42, and Eqs. 1 and 2
apply,
i.e. that PH < PL and an elliptical path is obtained.
If 1CAL is 150 mm and OCAL is 175mm, we get PL = 2 x 150mm + 2 x 175mm =
650mm and PH = 2 x 175mm - 2 x 150mm = SOmm.
In the non-limiting example shown on figs. 6a - 6c it is seen that OCAL is
approximately equal to 2 x ICAL. Thus, applying equations #1 and #2 above will
yield:
PL = 6 ICAL, and PH = 2 ICAL.
Placing pedals or platforms on the outer crank arm 10; 11 along lines 44 and
45 and
holes 41- 42 gives them an elliptical orbital movement, except at point 43
where the
pedals or platforms achieves a flat or rather rectilinear path 46. The path 46
is thus
achieved when the distance between fixing point of the foot supports (e.g.
pedal) and
outer crank arm axle linking to the inner arm is identical to the distance 39
between
outer crank arm axle linking to the inner crank arm and inner crank arm axle.
Placing
pedals or platforms at point 47 thus causes a circular movement to be
achieved. The
movement of the outer crank arms are shown in fig. 6c where reference numerals
43',
43" and 43"' indicates the centre point of crank arms 10; 11 in the upright,
inclined
(approx. 45°) and horizontal postures, respectively.
Adjustment of OCAL to be equal to ICAL can be utilised in a training/exercise
apparatus for simulating a skiing motion.
The direction of the orbit the pedals perform when set in motion is also
dependent on
the ratio OCAL: ICAL.
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17
When the outer crank arms are shorter than the inner crank arms, i.e. OCAL <
ICAL,
and when the outer crank arms are set in motion, the pedals will enter into an
elliptical
orbit in the same movement direction as that of the inner crank arms and axle.
When the outer crank arms are longer than the inner crank arms and which when
outer
crank arms are set in motion gives the pedals an elliptical orbit in the
opposite direction
of the inner crank arms and axle.
Thus, if OCAL > ICAL the pedals will describe an orbital path direction which
will be
in a direction opposite to direction of rotation of the main crank axle, and
if OCAL <
ICAL the pedals will describe an orbital path direction which will be in the
same
direction of rotation of the main crank axle.
It should be noted that preferred embodiments of the invention would demand
that the
outer crank arm 10; 11 is longer than the inner crank arm 6; 7. A stride
length between
300 mm and 900 mm seems to be the range on which the dimensions OCAL and ICAL
should be based. It will readily appreciated that the operating part forming
the crank
arm device assembly should easily fit with comfortable space clearance between
the
legs of a user. The size of the cog wheels or gears in the crank arm device
solution as
made according to any described embodiment of the invention is not a fixed
matter as
such, although the cog wheels or gears should be dimensioned to withstand the
forces
and weight applied by the user, the ratio between the gears 16, 14 and 17, 15
always
being 2:1. Making a technical solution where the outer crank arms are shorter
than the
inner crank arms would demand an undesirable big sun gear 16, 17 to achieve
optimal
stride lengths, and such a solution should definitely be avoided in order to
effectively
reduce physical size of the sun gear, the related dimension and weight of the
apparatus,
and the extra cost of a large sun gear.
The figures 7a-7h show the travel of the crank arms at 45% intervals through a
full 360
orbit. It should be noted that the rotation of the inner crank arm is opposite
the rotation
of outer crank arm. This rotational direction is dependent on that the outer
crank arm is
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longer than the inner crank arm or more correctly that the fixing point of the
foot
support is longer than the distance 39 between outer crank axle and inner
crank axle. if
the outer crank axle is shorter than the inner crank axle the motion of the
foot supports
will move in the same direction as the inner crank arm axle.
The invention is now to be further described with reference to figs. 8, 9a and
9b.
As previously disclosed, and now further illustrated on fig. 8, the first
embodiment of
the inventive crank arm device assembly uses a chain 50 to transfer to the
outer crank
arms S 1 the desired motion. Fig. 8 shows a fixed cog wheel (sun gear) 52 and
a rotary
cog wheel 53 fixed to the outer crank arm 52 and which can be rotated relative
to the
inner crank arm 54. The motion can also be achieved by using gears directly
connected
as shown in fig. 9a or conical gears as illustrated in fig. 9b. Gear 60 is
fixed and when
moving the outer crank arm 61 as indicated by arrow 62, gear 63 fixed to the
outer
crank arm 61 rotates, and in turn rotates gear 64, which then revolves around
the
circumference of gear 61. Gears 60, 64 and 63 are in the diametrical ratios
2:1:1, and
these gears are all in a rotary manner attached to the inner crank arm 65.
Fig. 9b show
gears 60 and 64 replaced by bevel gears 66, 67 and transmission gears 68, 68'
interconnect by a common drive axle 69. The gears 66,67, 68 and 68' are all
rotationally
supported on the inner crank arm 65. The gear ratio between gears 65 and 67
should be
2:1. For the outer crank arm 61 to revolve 360 degrees and making an
elliptical or
linear path for the foot supporting means, the ratio between the inner gear
and the outer
gear must be 2:1.
Another aspect of the invention is to vary the motion and more specifically
the
orientation of the path of the foot supports, created by the crank device.
Fig. 6a
illustrates by dotted lines 38 how the orientation of the path is changed.
This is however
also explained regarding fig. 23.
For a preferred embodiment of the invention the cog wheel, or sun gear,
earlier
described as a fixed unit, is optionally rotational through a limited angular
distance, i.e.
from a fixed position to another fixed position. As illustrated with arrow 35
on fig 2, the
cog wheel 16 can be rotated a desired number of degrees relative to the frame
1 and the
crank arms 6,7 and 16, 17. A lever 36 is fixed to the cog wheel 16 (and
thereby also to
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cog wheel 17) and which when moved in direction of the arrow 37 turns the cog
wheels
16 and 17 simultaneously. The lever may also be operated by motor assistance,
as will
be more closely described in regards to figs. 31, 36-38 and 45 below.
A training apparatus which to be used for simulating running, will demand foot
supporting means in the form of platforms, and such platforms should be made
to stay
in a horizontal position or other wanted angle during a full rotation of the
crank arms.
Fig. 10 shows a platform 70 through a full orbit staying horizontal in all
positions. As
shown in fig. 11, an outer crank arm 75 has a first gear or cog wheel 77
attached to the
pedal/ platform axle, said gear 77 being connected via a chain 76 to a second
gear 78
attached to an outer crank arm axle 71. Gear 78 is connected through axle 71
to a gear
80 on the rear side of the outer and inner crank arms 75 and 79. Gear 80 is
connected
via a chain 85 to a gear 82, which is fixed to a frame 84. The ratio between
the gears 77,
78, 80 and 82 is 1:1 as suggested in fig. 11 a -b. This keeps the platform 70
at a same
angle independent of the rotational positions of the crank arms. As shown in
figs. 11
and 11 d the chain drive 76 is replaced by an axle 90 with conical gears 91
and 92 at the
ends thereof, gear 91 connecting with gear 96 on platform axle 94 and which
provides
for a 1:1 rotation to the platform axle 94 from gear 95 and via gear 92, axle
90, and
gears 91, 96.
Figs. 12 andl3 show a second and preferred embodiment within the scope of the
invention, and which gives foot supporting means, such as platforms, a
controlled angle
relative to the horizontal through a 360° rotation of the crank arms.
The solution gives
the same general operations result as for the solution shown in fig. 11, but
has two
fixing positions for a platform. It should be noted that figs. 12 and 13 only
show one
side of the crank device and that the construction is similar on the other
side of the
frame 101.
As described for the embodiment shown in figs. 1 and 2 the crank device has an
outer
crank arm 100 rotational fixed to an inner crank arm 105. A cog wheel 103 is
stationary
fixed to the frame 101, and is operationally linked to cog wheel 102 through
use of a
chain 108. Cog wheel 102 is fixed to outer crank arm 100 via an axle 106
(shown by
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dotted line) rotationally through inner crank arm 105. The ratio between cog
wheel 103
and I 02 is 2:1. As shown in fig. 7 movement of an outer crank arm will turn
cog 102
and move the rotational joint 110 (which includes also axle 106) between the
two crank
arms 100 and 105, through use of the chain 108 extending around cog wheels 102
and
103, around the fixed cog 103. A cog wheel 112 is rotationally fixed to the
outer crank
arm 100, but stationary fixed to the inner crank arm 105 and thus fixed
relative to cog
wheel 102. Mutual movement of the crank arms 100, 105 will make cog wheel 112
rotate relative to the outer crank arm 100. This rotation is transferred to a
cog wheel 114
rotationally linked to the outer crank arm 100 through use of a chain 115. The
transmission ratio between wheels 112 and 114 is 1:2. Fixed in centre of cog
wheel 114
is cog 120 with a fixing point 12l for attachment of platform. The rotation of
cog 114
makes cog wheel 120 and a platform (not shown), which is fixedly attachable to
fixing
point 121, rotate independently of the crank arms 100 and 105.
It should be understood that the ratio shown in this embodiment is made for
keeping a
pedal or platform in one posture through a full 360 ° rotation of the
cranks, and
changing the ratios will angle the platform differently. A second fixing point
123 on the
outer crank arm 100 for attachment of a platform is placed in the centre of a
cog wheel
122 which is rotational relative to and supported by outer crank arm. Between
cog
wheels 120 and 122 is located a chain 124, which in ratio 1:1 transfers
rotation from cog
wheel 120 to cog wheel 122 and thereby to any attached platform attached at
fixing
point 123. This gives such a combined gear/ crank arm device two fixing points
121;
123 for platforms, fixing point 121 providing for a flat or rectilinear path
for the
platform, as indicated on fig. 23d.
As explained relative to fig. 6 a flat or rectilinear path is achieved when
the distance
between fixing point of the foot supports 121 and outer crank arm axle
(forming
rotational link with the inner crank arm) is identical to the distance between
outer crank
axle and inner crank axle (related to the end of the inner crank arm opposite
to that
related to said outer crank arm axle). Position 110 representing in part a
rotational joint
has a circular motion, but a fixing point for platform is not shown thereat,
as such
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circular motion is not a prime object as regards practical use of the crank
arm device
and the apparatus of the invention.
Fig. 13 shows in perspective the same crank device described above for fig.
12.
Numerals 125 and 126 show screws for fitting a cover 127 over the cog-wheels
and
chains operatively attached to the outer crank arm 100.
In a training/exercise apparatus utilising the invention an adjustment of
stride length is
highly desirable. This can be done as explained above in connection with fig.
6, but
methods of achieving this during operation of the apparatus will now be
explained using
assistance from that shown in fig. 14-16.
Fig. 14a show outer crank arms 130 and 131 with foot supporting means 132 and
133
attached to means for adjusting the length of the crank arms 130, 131 and
thereby fixing
point of the foot support. The means illustrated are fluid filled cylinders
134 and 135.
Using pressurised fluid, e.g. oil, and return springs the cylinders can expand
or retract,
thus giving a variation of stride length 136. For a system like this, pumps
for adjusting
the fluid pressure is necessary and one pump on each arm connected to each
cylinder is
one solution as indicated by reference numeral 137. Sensors have to be
included in the
system for measuring the speed during rotation of the crank, said sensors
coupled to
means for signalling to a pump, whereby the oil pressure can be increased or
reduced to
give a stride dependent on speed. Short stride for low speed and long stride
at high
speed could be a preferred mode.
Fig. 14b illustrates variation of stride length through using treaded bolts
138 which
when given a rotation moves the outer ends of the crank arms. As illustrated
in fig. 14b,
the bolts 138 and 139 can be fitted with electric motors 140 and 141, which
can rotate
the bolts when given the wanted signal. A sensor can be arranged to measure
the speed
of the crank arms and through a CPU 162 (shown on fig. 16) signalling the
motors for
executing wanted length of the outer crank arms. Power is supplied through
contact
rings and brushes at the axle positions as indicated by 141 and 142.
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All mechanical, electrical and or fluid guide parts, as well as control means
related to
the principles of figs. 14a and 14b are not shown in detail, but is shown here
for
describing the outer crank arm extension and retraction possibilities as the
pedals or
platforms move along the intended path.
A preferred embodiment, according to the invention, of the crank arm device
and
related to the adjustment of crank arm length is shown on fig. 36-45 and
described
further below.
However, some further aspects of the invention related to how a crank arm can
be made
for both having controlled pedal angle and adjustment of crank arm length, is
now to be
described with reference to figs. 15a and 15b, showing a variant of the crank
device as
shown in figs. 1 lc and l ld. An outer crank arm 150 consists of two parts 151
and 152
which when slid relative to each other as indicated by arrow 153, adjusts the
length of
the crank arm. An axle 155 with gears as shown 156,157 and 158,159 similar to
that
shown in fig. 11 is telescopic and will adjust with the length of the crank.
The aim of the invention is to create a training or exercise apparatus where
the
dimensions) of the orbital or rectilinear path of the foot supporting means
are
automatically adjustable depending on speed of crank rotation and of pedal
travel.
Setting of dimensions) of the orbit for foot supports can be provided through
use of a
kind of man machine interface MMI device for user personal adjustments,
resistance to
work-out, advisor displays, updated results, suitably including a display with
a
keypad/buttons or a touch screen for input of user values.
Fig. 16 shows a schematic illustration of a system for automatic, or user
defined motion
or stride control and adjustment. Speed of the cranks can be measured by a
sensor 160
for example directly operative on a crank axle, axle mounted wheel, flywheel
or other
parts rotating as result of crank axle rotation, denoted by reference numeral
161.
The sensor 160 sends signals to a microprocessor or CPU 162, which through a
program
signals means for adjusting cranks 163 and 164. Reference numerals 165 and 166
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indicate motors or pumps. Sensors 167, 168 measure the length of the cranks.
Means for
operating is provided in form of button clusters with display or in the form
of a
touchscreen169. Run by a program in the CPU choices are displayed on a screen,
for
example user defined adjustment of the stride indicated and adjustable on a
display170
or automatic adjustment of stride dependent on speed indicated and adjustable
on
display 171. Further explanation of the means for operating preferably called
a man
machine interface MMl device is found below in relation with fig. 24 and fig.
55.
The crank device will have means for supporting the foot of a user. Depending
on the
type of training apparatus the crank device is mounted in, either platforms or
pedals are
fixed to the crank arms. To gain proprioceptive training, the crank device
should have
mounted thereon multiple use platforms or pedals.
Fig. 17 shows a type of platform, which has means for causing tilting about a
longitudinal axis thereof. An upper platform part 180 is fixed to a frame 181
through
pivot axles 183 and 184. The frame has an axle or bolt 185 for fixing to an
outer crank
arm. As illustrated in fig. 17c the platform upper part can be tilted
transverse to the axle
185. The platform upper part is lockable against tilting, if so desired,
through rotating a
bar 188 to be parallel to the axle 185, the bar having the same dimension as a
gap
between an underside face of the platform part 180 and the frame 181.
Fig. 18 shows a prior art pedal with tilt motion as the prior art found in
WO00/68067
assigned Flexiped AS. The pedal body 190 has an axle 191 attachable to a crank
arm
(not shown). A footrest 192 is in a tiltable manner fixed at 90° to
axle 191 of the pedal
body. This gives a pedal with one traditional stable pedal face 193 and an
unstable,
sideways tiltable face 194.
As mentioned above the invention may be utilised in a number of embodiments of
pedal
or platform driven apparatus. Fig. 19 shows a training apparatus utilising the
invention
with platforms 200 and 201 and handles 203 and 204, which are stationary
during
operation. The crank device 205 shown is described according to fig. 12.
However, it
should be understood that any of the embodiments or variations thereof, shown
in this
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could be utilised in such an apparatus. The training apparatus shown is
through use of
the invention possible to make as a compact unit, and as shown on fig. 19c the
handles
203, 204 are downward foldable, and the frame legs 206, 207 are foldable, and
thereby
saving space when in storage.
A main feature of the invention is the versatility in training motions and the
users
freedom of choosing preferred motions. The following will explain the
inventions
ability to do so, using the above explained features in combination with new
embodiments.
Figs. 20a - 20c show a training/ exercise apparatus utilising the invention
with platforms
and moving handles 210, 211. The figures are purely schematic and show how
prior art
regarding moving handles can be incorporated with the crank arm devices
according the
invention. The handles 210 and 211 are hinged/ articulated to bars 212 and
213,
respectively, said bars 212 and 213 being linked to the crank device through
use of
rotary axles located at the joint between the outer crank arm and the inner
crank arm (se
inter alia fig. 13). Details are not shown, as the principle should be obvious
to any
expert in the art and given the teachings of the present invention. It should
be
emphasised that the flywheel can be placed spaced apart from the crank device,
as e.g.
indicated on fig. 5, and be linked to the rotating crank axle through a belt
or chain
transmission. Fig. 20c illustrates how one can achieve an "uphill or downhill"
training
experience by changing the angle 215 of orbital path of the platform made
possible by
the inventive crank arm device. By adjusting the angle of the crank arm device
214
relative to the training/exercise apparatus frame, the elliptical orbit can be
adjusted. The
crank device is tiltable linked to the frame on an axle 215 and the incline is
adjustable
using a motor 216 with a threaded bolt 217 connected to the crank device.
As shown in fig. 20c the angle of the orbit and stride track can be adjusted
by tilting the
whole crank arm device relative to the frame of the training apparatus. This
does
however also tilt the fitted platforms. As will be shown in the following
drawing figures
the angle of the orbit and the orbital track can be adjusted relative to the
frame of the
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crank device and still keeping fitted platforms at a horizontal level, however
without
tilting the whole crank arm device.
Fig. 21a and 21b shows the embodiment related to figs. 12-13 where the
stationary cog
wheel 220 is adjustable. The cog wheel 220 is adjustably attached to the frame
222 in
such a matter that it can be released from locking engagement with the frame
222,
rotated and then fixed back to locking engagement with the frame. A rotation
of the cog
wheel 220, as indicated by arrow 224, will make cog wheel 223 turn and move
the outer
crank arm 228 as indicated by arrow 225. However, the platform fixing points
230 and
231 will turn slightly from their original oriented position, and crank arm
232 still is
still rotably attached to cog wheel 220, but remains stationary during angular
setting of
the cog wheel 220. The platform fixing point 230 when used gives an elliptical
path,
and the fixing point 231 when used gives a flat or rectilinear path of
movement of the
platform. Cog wheel 220 is after being turned fastened relative to the frame
222 and the
further motion of the crank arms 228 and 232 will then work as explained
earlier, but
with the path or orbit of the motion of the platforms at an offset angle
relative to a
horizontal plane. To further explain, the cog wheel 220 is rotated a given
degree as
indicated by arrow 233, relative to the frame 222 and inner crank arm 232
illustrated
with reference point 234. This may be done by a lever 229 fixed relative to
the cog
wheel 220, which can be assisted by a motor and treaded bolt, worm gear or
other
gearing means or as shown below in fig. 36-38. The cog wheel 220 may also be
directly
connected to a motor 227 (suitably including a locking gear) as indicated on
fig. 21a.
Figs. 21 d - 21 f show a modification of the embodiment of figs. 21 a - 21 c
to provide for
the platform fixing points 230 and 231 to stay in the original oriented
position. The
modification exhibits an inner cog wheel 220' which remains fixed to the
frame, and
crank arm 232 still is rotatable relative to cog wheel 220, as mentioned
above, but is
kept stationary during angular setting of cog wheel 220. The cog wheel 220' is
engaged
with cog wheel 223' by means of a chain and the cog wheel 223' is fixed
relative to cog
wheel 237. The cog wheel 237 holds cog wheel 238 and the platform fixing
points 230
and 231 in position through a revolution of the crank. The ratio between inner
cog
wheel 220' and the cog wheels positioning the platforms are 1:1, though the
ratio
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between cog wheels 220' and 223' is shown 2:1, and the ratio between cog
wheels 237
and 238 is 1:2, which result in a ratio of l:l between the platforms and
frame.
Fig. 22 shows a platform 236 connected to the outer crank arm outer fixing
point 231,
see fig. 21 c. Fig. 22a shows a folded position of the crank arms. A
45° rotation of the
crank arms relative to gear 220 is shown in fig. 22b, and another 45°
rotation of the
crank arms is shown in fg. 22c. The platform 236 will stay in the same
position relative
to the frame through a full rotation as explained in relation to figures 11-
13.
Fig. 23a shows different orbits and paths possible from using the crank device
according to the invention explained above, 250 indicating orbits, and 251
indicating a
straight or rectilinear path motion. The orbit and size of paths is explained
with
reference to fig. 6. Fig. 23b show orbit of platforms 254 remaining in a
horizontal
orientation whilst fig. 23c show the orbit of the platforms at an angle
relative to a
horizontal plane. Fig. 23d show also orbit at an angle relative to a
horizontal plane but
note the upward movement orientation of the platforms, although the platforms
remain
in a horizontal posture, which when used in a training/exercise apparatus will
give a
climb or step sensation for the user. Fig. 23e show platforms oriented along a
line which
gives a skiing simulation used in a training machine. All orientations shown
in figures
23a - 23e can be achieved in one training apparatus when utilising the
invention
according to the embodiment explained relative to figs. 21-22.
Turning back to fig 21, there is indicated by number 227 an adjustment device,
preferably a servo motor, which when activated can turn the gear 220 to fix
the desired
angle of the orbit or path. Having such an automated adjustment device
incorporated in
the crank arm device, a user is able to adjust the angle of stride when using
a training
apparatus utilizing the invention.
Fig. 24 shows schematically the main components of an automated adjustment
system
in a training apparatus, which when combining with a system as shown and
explained
with fig. 16, will give a user full control of the orbit size and stride
length and angle,
during a workout. A mechanical working adjustment device, e.g. an electric
servomotor
260, used as an example in this embodiment, is connected to a fixed gear 262
like gear
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220. A sensor 263 will monitor the movement of the motor or gear 262 and give
signals
to a CPU 264 which in turn is connected with a control device 265 or man
machine
interface device (MMI-unit) having screen, touch screen or display 266 with
user means
267 for input and control. The CPU is programmed to show the adjustments made
by
the user on the screen/display. The adjustments made or chosen by the user
from the
control device is processed by the CPU which signals a motor controller 270
which
sends the correct signals and power to the motors for turning gear and setting
of cranks
271, 272 accordingly.
Fig. 25 shows a training apparatus utilising the invention. The training
apparatus has
handles 280 and 281, which are articulated to rods 282 and 283. The rods 282
and 283
are connected with the crank arm device between the two crank arm
constructions, the
pivotable connection 287 to the crank being eccentric and similar to the
solution
disclosed below on fig. 31. The handles move back and forth as indicated by
arrow
285, and transverse with the platform movement, as one would do when skiing
and
which is a typical movement on prior art or cross-trainers. Reference numeral
286
shows a MMI unit as described above.
Fig. 26 shows a crank device 290 utilised in a training machine of an
ergometer type or
indoor training bicycle, the crank device being of any type described above
and having
a solution for changing the angle of path and orbit as shown in figs. 20-24
and solutions
elaborated below relative to figs. 31-45.
Fig. 27 shows a crank device 292 utilised in a training machine of a recliner
seat ergo-
meter type and having the same functions as mentioned above in relation to
fig. 26.
The crank device according to the invention may work with gears/cogs,
connected with
chains/belts, or directly geared.
Figs. 28 and 29 show a further and variant embodiment of the invention where
the outer
crank arms 308, 309 are fixed to gears 302 and 303, respectively that are
directly
connected to gears 304 and 305 which are toothed on the inside. These gears
304, 305
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are preferable fixed to the apparatus frame, but may have means to rotate, as
shown on
figs. 2 and 21 to make a variety of the path and motion of the foot supports.
Reference
numerals 306 and 307 are the inner crank arms, and 308 and 309 are - as
mentioned -
the outer crank arms. The orbital path of the pedals 300 through movement of
the crank
arms is the same as shown for the embodiments shown in figs. 1-9. 298 denotes
a
possible location for flywheel or a drive gear or cog wheel, which will be
fixed to the
main crank axle when utilised on a training apparatus. An important aspect of
the
embodiment shown on figs.28 and 29 is that the outer crank arms have a length,
which
is substantially longer than that of the inner crank arms. Thus, equations #1
and #2
related to the discussion of fig. 6 apply for the present embodiment. It is
seen from the
embodiment shown on figs. 28a and 28b that OCAL is approx. 1.5 x ICAL, thus
yielding an elliptical path where PL = 5 x ICAL and PH = 1 x ICAL. In the
embodiment
of fig. 30 OCAL = 4.5 x ICAL, yielding PL = 11 x ICAL and PH = 7 x ICAL. Thus,
figs. 30a and 30b show that when foot support and outer crank arm 310 is moved
in
direction of arrow 311, the inner crank arm 312 will move counter-wise
indicated by
arrow 313 as the movable gear 314 moves on stationary gear 315.
It should be noted that preferred embodiments of the invention will demand
that the
outer crank arm 308, 310; 310 is longer than the inner crank arm 306, 306;
312. As
indicated in relation to fig. 6, a stride length between 300 mm and 900 mm
seems to be
the range on which the dimensions OCAL and ICAL should be based. It will
readily
appreciated that the operating part forming the crank arm device assembly
should easily
fit with comfortable space clearance between the legs of a user. Therefore the
size of the
stationary gear 304, 305; 315 should at a minimum, also to reduce cost.
Accordingly,
the size of the cog wheel 302, 303; 314 or gear 304, 305; 315 the crank arm
device
should be dimensioned to withstand the forces and weight applied by the user,
the ratio
between the gears 304, 302; 305, 303; 315, 314 always being 2:1. Making a
technical
solution where the outer crank arms are shorter or aimost of same length as
the inner
crank arms would demand an undesirable big and thus unacceptable stationary
sun gear
304, 305; 315 to achieve optimal stride lengths, and such a solution should
definitely be
avoided in order to effectively reduce physical size of the sun gear, the
related
dimension and weight of the apparatus, and the extra cost of a large sun gear.
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The following will describe a further embodiment showing an utilisation of the
present
invention.
Figs. 31 - 35 show a training apparatus 320 which has a crank arm device 322
which in
principle works as crank arm device explained with reference to figs. 12 - 13
and figs.
21 - 22, the crank device having foot supporting means 321 and 325 which are
held in a
stable posture during rotation of the crank arms. The crank arm device also
has a
mechanism 375 for adjusting the angle of orbital or rectilinear path relative
to the
horizontal, e.g. as also illustrated in figs. 20 and 23.
The crank arm mechanism does not use cog wheels with chains as shown in
earlier
embodiments, but uses gears. The crank arm mechanism will be particularly
described
with reference to fig. 33.1t will be readily understood that the outer and
inner crank
arms 341 and 331 have on the other side of the assembly shown similar
elements, e.g.
outer crank arm 340 with related inner crank arm 330. The inner crank arms 330
and
331 have gears 332 and 333, which revolve around sun gears 336 and 337 and
drives
gears 334 and 335 that are connected to the outer crank arms 340 and 341. The
ratio
between gears 336, 337 and 334, 335 is 2:1. The outer crank arms 340, 341 have
gears
342 and 343, which are in fixed relation to the respective inner crank arm
330, 331.
Gears 344 and 345, which are rotationally attached to the outer crank arms
340, 341
revolve around gears 342 and 343, respectively in connection with respective
gears 346
and 347. The foot supporting means 321 and 325 are attachable to respective
gears 346,
347 via axles 348 and 349. An axle 350 connects the inner crank arms 330, 331
through
the sun gears 336, 337. A wheel 351 is fixed to the axle 350 and works as a
pulley with
a belt 352 connected with pulley 353 on flywheel 354. The flywheel has means
of
resistance in a manner as previously described, for example using an eddy
current brake
system, a magnet here indicated at 355.
The crank device is set in motion when the user forces the platforms
downwards. Whilst
the outer crank arms 340, 341 rotate in the direction of the platforms, the
inner crank
arms 330, 331 rotate counter-wise. Explaining from one side of the training
apparatus;
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the gear 347 is given a rotation relative to the outer crank arm, which is
controlled by
the motion of inner crank arm through gear 343 and gear 345. The ratio between
gears
343 and 347 is 1:2.
The training apparatus has handlebars 360 and 361 tiltable relative to the
frame and
linked to the crank device. A disc 362 is arranged off centre to the crank
device main
axle 350 to provide an eccentric arrangement. A ring member 363 on a bar 363'
is
rotatably placed round the disc 362. A rotation of the crank axle will make
the disc 362
rotate and give a pulsating action to the bar 363' which is hinged to a rod
364. The rod
364 has transverse axle piece 365 forming a link via two bar pieces 366 and
367 to the
handlebars. The motion of the ring member 362 and bar 363' makes the rod 364
move
forward and backwards as indicated by arrow 368 and the movement is
transferred to
tilting motions of the handlebars 361 and 360, indicated by arrow 369.
The training apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
can be
provided with an adjustable mechanism, preferably automatically operated, for
the
variety of motions that can be provided by the invention. On the training
apparatus
shown in fig. 31-35, the sun gears 336, 337 are attached to levers 370 and
371. The
levers are rotational around main crank axle 350. The levers 370 and 371 are
joined by
means of a cross-piece 373. A threaded bolt 374 runs through the cross-piece
and holds
the levers 370, 371 in position. Turning the bolt about its longitudinal axis
will move
the end of the levers along the length of the bolt 374 and turn the sun gears
336, 337
relative to the frame 324 (see fig. 31 ). The effect of changing the angle of
the orbital or
rectilinear path relative to the frame is generally as also explained in
connection with
figs. 21 - 23. The bolt 374 is on the training apparatus fixed to an electric
motor 375,
which a user can activate to change the motion of the apparatus.
The apparatus will also have a man machine interface device as explained above
regarding fig. 24 and as indicated by number 323 on fig. 32a.
Fig. 32b shows an additional feature, which softens the motion of the training
apparatus
and gives the apparatus a tilting motion 326. Spring loaded feet 327 - 327""
are fixed
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to the frame of the apparatus. A rounded 328 section is located under the
middle of the
frame in the length of the apparatus.
A training apparatus of this kind can also include a weight monitoring
application
within the system. This requires the training apparatus having weight scale
technology
means built in to the training apparatus. A weight measuring system can be put
in
relation to the frame and floor. Viewing back on fig. 32b weight sensors may
be fitted
in cylinders 327 - 327"', the rounded section 328 should not be present when
weight
monitoring means 327 - 327"' are present. The part of frame 324' which
supports the
main crank axle 350 could be made telescopic with weight sensors if tilt
function of the
frame is desirable. A weight measuring system can also be fitted directly to
the
platforms 321 and 325 of the apparatus. This would however demand circular
slide
contacts at the crank arm joints to transfer signals through the apparatus to
link up with
a M1V1Z system and a display. The MMI system would show the weight of a person
on a
display 323 and the user may monitor the progress of weight loss during
training in a
specific training session or in the course of a plurality of training
sessions.
As described earlier together with figures 14-16 an adjustment of the
elliptical orbit and
the stride length for the crank device is desirable, especially when used in a
training
apparatus.
Figs. 36 X45 only show the basic mechanical elements of the training
apparatus, but it
should be understood that the apparatus may have another design and style than
that e.g.
shown on figs. 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32 as regards e.g. the frame and will
have covers
to protect the user from the moving mechanical elements.
Figs. 36 - 45 elaborate a solution of how to control the angle of the foot
supporting
means and at the same time making it possible to vary the position of the foot
supports
along the length of the outer crank arms. This solution is shown in detail as
to how the
crank device for use in a training apparatus will give the user a variety of
possible
motions by simply using the MMI system as described relative to fig. 16 and 24
to
control settings on the apparatus. Figs. 36a and 36b show perspective views of
the one
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side of yet another embodiment of the crank device whilst fig. 36c shows a
perspective
view of such crank arm device having both crank arms connected. Figs. 36-45
will thus
focus on showing one of the two crank arms with connection to the centre crank
axle
and also showing a solution for the adjustment of angle or incline of motion
which
affects both crank arms.
Figs. 36a - 36c show frame part 324' which will be connected or part of a
frame 324 in
a training apparatus as shown for example on fig. 31. On the frame there is a
main crank
axle 360 connecting the two inner crank arms of which only arm 372 (formed by
372'
and 372") is shown on the drawing figures. To the inner crank arms 372 there
is
rotationally attached outer crank arms 361 and 368 shown covered by respective
covers.
Circular plates 376 and 377 are fixed to the inner crank arms 372 and follow
the
rotational motion of the crank around the main crank axle 360. The outer crank
arms are
fixed to the inner crank arms similar to what is shown and described relative
to figs. 31-
33 and has the motion according to the invention as shown in figs. 6,7 and 23.
A lever
378, similar in operation to levers 370 and 371 previously described is
fixedly attached
to the sun gear 386 of each inner crank arm 372, as will be described in more
detail in
the following figs. 37-45 and works generally as shown in the above figs. 21-
23 and 31
and 33.
Position of the crank arms as shown in fig. 36 will give the foot supporting
means a
linear motion, when fixed to the outer crank arms at location 379 and 380
thereon. The
outer crank arms 361, 368 have means available to enable shifting of the
fixing points
for the foot supports in order to vary the motion in a manner indicated above
relative to
figs. 14-15.
Fig. 37 shows a view of the crank device transverse crank axle 360
orientation, showing
only one half of the crank arm construction. The sun gear 386 is located a
round the
main crank axle 360 and is fixedly attached relative to the frame through
lever 378. A
second gear 387 is in connection with the sun gear 386. A third gear 388 is in
connection with gear 387, the gear 388 being fixedly attached to the outer
crank arm
368. Motion applied to the outer crank arm 368 will force a rotational motion
to the gear
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388 and further a rotational motion of gear 387 which will revolve around sun
gear 386,
making inner crank arm 372 revolve and cause main crank axle 360 to rotate. On
the
figure there are shown a second set of gears 392,393 and 394 which are in
connection
with the outer crank arm 386 for adjusting the foot support fixing point 379
on arm 386
and, which is actuated by a gear 395 and worm gear 396, explained in greater
detail
below. As shown on above fig. 33 the main crank axle 350 has means 362, 363
for
driving the movement of handlebars on a training apparatus. On fig. 39 is
shown a disc
400 having an offset hole, the disc thus being fixedly attached offset to the
inner crank
arm member 372" around the axle 360 so to transfer a crank motion to bars
linked to
handle bars of a training apparatus, the construction shown in principle
detail in figs. 33
and 35.
The sun gear 386 is fixed to a lever 378, through a boss 403 shown on figs. 38
and 39.
The lever 378 holds the sun gear 386 in selected position assisted by a motor
through a
threaded bolt as shown for the similar function on figs. 31 and 33. Fig. 38
also shows
the actuator for the positioning of outer foot supports. A worm gear 396 is in
connection
with gear 395, which in turn is fixed through a boss 406 with gear 392. The
axle 360
runs through the parts shown in fig. 38 and moves individually on bearings 410
and 411
and is fixedly attached to the inner crank arm frame 372', as seen on fig 39.
Fig. 39
shows the inner crank arm in exploded view. T'he gears 386, 387 and 388 are
supported
by bearings and bosses so as to turn individually relative to the gears 392,
393 and 394.
Gears 386 and 387 are in ratio 2:1 to gear 388 and whereas gears 392 and 393
are in
ratio 2:1 relative to gear 394.
As shown on figs. 39-45 an axle 414 is fixed to the inner crank arm frame
372"and
protrudes through gears 394 and 388. Gear 388 is fixed to the outer crank arm
frame
390', at protruding part 388' of the gear. It also seen that gear 394 has a
protruding part
394' rotatable relative to gear 388 and extending through the gear 388 and its
part 388'.
Shown on fig. 41 is the outer crank arm 368 without the cover as shown in fig.
36. The
gear 394 is fixedly attached to a gear 420 which drives worm gears 421 and
422, the
worm gears being fixed to or forming part of threaded bolts 423 and 424 and
which
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engage threaded holes in a cross piece 415 which is attached to an arm piece
416, said
piece 416 being slidable relative to outer crank arm frame 390. A gear 426 is
fixed to an
axle 414, the gear 426 being in co-operative engagement with two worm gears
427 and
428. The worm gears 427, 428 extend through a supporting member or worm base
417
and are connected to telescopic rods 429 and 430, which are threaded 429',
430' at the
other end for engagement with gear 434, the gear 434 having a hole 379 which
is
intended for engagement with a foot supporting platform.
Fig. 42a shows the outer crank arm in the position as shown in fig 36, giving
a linear
path for the foot support. The arm piece 416, which is fixed to the piece 415,
is pulled
together with worm base 417. Movement of the gear 420 turns the worm gears 421
and
422; which in turn causes the arm piece 416 to slide guided by tracks in side
supports
431 and 432.
Fig. 43a - 43c show sections XLIIIb-XLIIIb and XLIIIc-XLIIIc, where further
details of
the outer crank arm construction is revealed and with the arm in an extended
position.
Fig. 44 shows a section of the middle and centre of the crank arm
construction, and
show in detail how the different parts are connected. Outer crank arm frame
part 390' is
connected to gear 388 which is in contact with gear 387 which in turn is in
contact with
sun gear 386, the sun gear 386 being rigidly connected to lever 378. Inner
crank arm
frame part 372' is fixed to main axle 360 which extends through the sun gear
386. A
second axle 414 is fixedly attached to the inner crank arm frame part 372",
the outer
crank arm 368, 390 thus capable of revolving around axle 414. The axle 414
protrudes
through the outer crank arm frame 390 and is attached to gear 426. As
mentioned above,
the gear 426 is connected to gears 427, 428 and rods 429, 430 keeping the
posture or
orientation of the foot support fixing point 379 steady through use of a 1:1
ratio relative
to the frame. A gear 420 is also located around axle 414, but is fixed
relative to gear
394, which connects with gear 393 and which again connects with gear 392. Gear
392 is
connected with gear 395 which may be turned by bolt and worm gear 396. The
movement of the gear is transferred to gear 420, which is connected with gears
421 and
422. As mentioned above gears 421 and 422 through use of threaded bolts 423
and 424
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cause arm piece 416 to slide. Bolt 396 is on a training apparatus fixed to the
frame
324' and by turning the bolt manually or preferably by means of a motor (not
shown),
adjustment of the foot support fixing point 379 along the outer crank arm is
made
possible. T'he threaded bolt 396 shown on fig. 45 is by means of its guiding
means 425 -
425" fixed to the frame 324'. Fig. 45 shows in perspective a cutaway section
of the
crank device one side according to the invention, without the frame or the
circular plates
376 and 377.
Fig. 45 shows more clearly than the previous drawing figures all bearings for
the gears,
the bearings all denoted by the general reference 450.
As previously described above regarding figs. 17 and 18 a desirable feature of
the foot
supporting means is to have a tilting motion to the foot to achieve
proprioceptive
training, the foot supports preferably having means for locking this function.
Figs. 46 and 47 show a platform 460 fixed to a frame 461, the frame being
tiltable and
fixedly attached on an axle 462 to a body 463. The body has a lever 464
tiltable about
the axle 462. The frame has a curved track 465 on each side of the body, the
body
having a track 466 radial to the curved track. A bolt 467 runs through and in
the tracks.
At an uplifted position of the lever 470, the bolt is forced into the radial
track 466 by a
spring 468 and the platform is locked. In a downward position the bolt is
forced by the
lever into the curved track 465 where the platform is free to tilt within the
length of the
track.
One of the main objects of the invention is to control the level of the foot
supporting
means. The above description has shown how to keep the platform at a static
level
throughout a revolving motion of the crank device. Further embodiment of the
invention
is achieving a motion where a toe and heel motion is achieved at each "end"
positions of
a path and motion.
Fig. 48 - 53 show a platform 460 which is to be attached to the outer crank
arms of the
crank devices with platform level control as shown in fig. 10-13, 19-25, 31-
33, 36-45.
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The tilt motion with a lever to lock the tilt function is substantially the
same as shown
on fig. 46. The platform is fixed to the crank device with bolt 480 attached
to the level
control of a crank arm, for example 380 as shown on fig. 10, 25 or fig. 36.
The
platform is optionally tiltable and is fixed to body 482. The body 482
compared to body
463 above, has a second axle 483, which holds a second body 484 having a
cylindrical
portion. The bolt 480 runs inside the cylindrical portion of the body 484 and
is fixedly
attached at end portion 485. A cylinder 486 is located on bearings 487-487'
inside the
cylindrical portion of the second body 484, the bolt 480 extending through it.
Cylinder
486 has a boss member 488, which fixes the cylinder relative to the outer
crank arm
frame 390 of the crank device. An off-centre ring 489 is located around the
cylinder
486, the ring 489 being located inside a circular hollow part 490 of body 482.
A peg 491
(see fig. 53) and spring 492 is located inside the hollow part, which are in
contact with
the outside of ring 489. As learned from the above description the bolt 480
holds the
platform at a stable level throughout a revolution of the crank device. T'he
cylinder 486
being fixed to the outer crank arm frame 390 will create a rotation of the
ring 489,
which in turn forces the body 482 into a rocking motion from contact with said
peg 491
and spring 492. As shown on fig. 54, the ring orientation is set so that
through a rotation
of the crank a tilt upwards of a toe end 494 of the platform 460 is created at
the most
forward position 496 of the path 497 of the platforms and a tilt upwards of
the heel end
495 of the platform is created at the rear position 498 of the platform's
path.
The crank device as shown in figures 36-45 is as mentioned to be fixed in a
frame on a
training apparatus in similar matter to what is shown in figs. 31-35. The
apparatus will
have means for the user to automatically adjust the fixing points for the foot
supporting
means, and the inclination of the crank arms.
As shown in fig. 16 and 24 the apparatus will have a man machine interface
(MMI)
system for the user. It should be apparent from the above described that on a
screen, for
example a touch screen, as part of the apparatus of present invention, a menu
system
and layout of choices and adjustments would at least show;
- paths of motion or style of training as: walking, running, climbing or
skiing;
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- individual adjustment of stride length, angle of path;
- level of resistance and other prior art adjustments regarding workout
levels,
caloric burn rates, heart rates/pulse etc....
Fig. 55 shows schematically how the MMI system would work. The screen on the
training apparatus would show the different training options available. It may
be a list
500 of icons, which represents the options. The list of options presented to
the user may
comprise a list of pre-programmed motions 501, such as: walk, jog, run, climb
and ski,
or options to enter user-defined motions. If a user selects "jog", the
computer within the
apparatus will run the "jog program" 503 and set the crank arms so that the
foot
supports will describe an elliptical path typical for a jogging motion. The
system would
preferably have included in the program an option 504 to enter personal data,
as height,
weight, physical shape and sex. The system will activate the means for
adjusting the
platform position along the crank arms 505 for making the correct path and
path size
based on the program and personal data. The system could also adjust the
inclination of
crank 506 according to the program and data. The system may adjust the
resistance
made to the flywheel based on personal data 507, or the user may override this
and set
the resistance manually 508. The system may also include a program for terrain
509, for
example jogging on flat surface, or jogging on uneven terrain with hills for
jogging
uphill and downhill. The system would during such a program change the
inclination
during the workout session. Another function of such a system is to monitor
the rate 511
of revolutions and the system will be able to activate the means for adjusting
the
platform position for making the correct size relevant to the speed. This
means that if
the user starts with a walking motion and speeds up the turning of movable
parts of the
crank device, the system will change and increase the stride length to be more
appropriate towards for example running. The system would suitably include
means for
entry of user-defined motions 502, where the user may define the inclination
506 and
path configuration 505 of the foot supports, and resistance 508 against
movement, e.g.
to simulate movement uphill. T'he amount of resistance applied may
alternatively or in
addition also be connected to a system monitoring the pulse rate and heart
performance
of the user, as known from prior art within the fitness industry 510 and for
medical
testing of an suspected heart condition.
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Fig. 56 shows schematically a training apparatus with two crank devices 520
and 521
according to the invention. The outer crank arms 524, 524' and 525, 525' of
the crank
devices are linked together with bars 522 and 523, respectively, said bars
522, 523
serving as base for foot supporting means. The foot supports keep the same
horizontal
level through a revolution of the cranks.
Fig. 57a show schematically a training apparatus with a crank device 526
according to
the invention and a conventional crank wheel 527, the cranks connected
together by
means for coordinating the rotational motion, as for example a belt or chain
530. The
crank device 526 has its outer crank arms 531, 532 is linked to bars 528 and
529, which
serves as base for foot supporting means. The bars 528, 529 are slidably
connected to
crank 527 through use of respective guide pins 533, 534. The foot supports
keeps the
same horizontal level through a revolution of the cranks 526, 527.
Fig. 57b shows a variant of the apparatus shown in fig. 57a where the
conventional
crank is labelled 527' and has a smaller diameter than the crank 527 of fig.
57a.
Otherwise, the elements included are the same, however the guide pins now
labelled as
533' and 534'. This provides an inclination of the foot supports during a
revolution of
the cranks, simulating a kind of toe and heel tilt close to a natural walking
motion.
Fig. 58 shows schematically a training apparatus with a crank device 540
according to
the invention and a conventional crank wheel 541, the cranks being connected
together
by means for co-ordinating the rotational motion, as for example a belt or
chain 542 or
gears. The crank device 540 is linked to bars 543 and 544, which serve as base
for foot
supporting means. The bars 543, 544 are slidably connected to foot supports
545 and
546, said foot supports 545, 546 in an articulated manner being linked to
crank arms
549, 550, respectively. The foot supports 545, 546 keep the same horizontal
posture
through a full revolution of the cranks. The bars 543, 544 are optionally
adjustable as
regards fixing point 547 and 548, pins 553, 554 being provided for articulated
joins
between rear of bars 543, 544 and crank 541 at selected fixing points. The
training
apparatus has handlebars 551 and 552 tiltably mounted at location S55 to a
frame
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upright of the apparatus and in articulated slide-shoe 557, 558 engagement
with a front
end of bars 543, 544.
Fig. 59 shows a variation of what is shown on fig. 58, where the bars 543, 544
are
attached in articulated manner to a pivot axle 559. Preferably the axle is
vertically
adjustable as indicated by 559', for adjusting the inclination and movement of
the foot
support.
Fig. 60a and 60b show schematically a training apparatus with a crank device
560
having inner crank arms 561, 561' and outer crank arms 562, 562' according to
the
invention, and a conventional crank wheel 563, the cranks 560, 563 connected
together
by means for co-ordinating the rotational motion, as for example a belt or
chain 564.
The crank device 560 is linked to telescopic bars 565 and 566, which serve as
base for
foot supporting means 567 and 568. The telescopic bars 563, 564 are linked at
a front
end to the outer crank arms 562, 562' via pivots and at the rear end to the
crank wheel
via pivots 570, 570'. Fig. 60a and 60b show both sides of the training
apparatus where it
shows how the telescopic bars are extended and compressed. Fig. 60c show
another
scenario of the embodiment in figs. 60 and 60b during a revolution of the
cranks.
Other aspects of the invention regarding driving and braking force of the
crank will now
be explained with reference to figs. 61a and 61b, and figs. 64a and 64d. There
is a
demand for a training apparatus, which provides for smooth and easy motion of
the
body without the user having to use force to drive the apparatus, but only
move legs and
arms in order to follow a set motion and pace of the apparatus. This kind of
apparatus is
not intended to provide a braking force for the user to work against, as the
motion of the
apparatus forcibly makes the user move legs and arms at desired speed, in the
fashion of
a treadmill.
Figs. 61a and 61b show a training apparatus with crank arm device 600 similar
to the
apparatus and crank arm device 322 shown and described in figs. 31 and 32
above.
Handlebars 601 and 602 are linked to a crank device in the fashion shown in
figs. 31-
35. The apparatus shown in fig. 61 does not have a flywheel. The crank device
is
connected to an electric motor 604 through use of a gearbox 605. A first
pulley 607 is
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operated by the gearbox 605, and the pulley 607 is connected with a second
pulley 608
on a crank axle 609 by means of a belt 610. The motor 604 has power supply
means
(not shown on figs. 61 a and 61 b) and means for an apparatus user to control
the speed
of the motor. Fig. 62 provides a simplified block schematic indicating the
crank arm
device 600 connected to the motor 604. The motor 604 is powered a power supply
612
being a connection to the mains or a connection to a battery. An activator 613
or a CPU
(computer and/or programmed controllers) is controlled by a unit 614 formed by
a
switch, a control panel and a display means or formed a touch screen for user
monitoring and input, also referred to as an M1VB system as described above.
Preferably,
a sensor 615 forms part of the system and signals to the CPU or activator 613
the speed
of any rotating part of the crank device. The MMI system provides the user of
all the
information needed to monitor and set the speed of the apparatus.
It is also possible to use an electric motor for creating resistance and
braking means on
an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention. Fig. 63 shows the
training
apparatus shown in fig. 32, with the addition of an electric motor 620
operatively
connected to the flywheel 621. The motor is either connected to the flywheel
directly by
gear 622 as indicated on fig. 64a or by pulley and belt 624 shown on fig. 64b.
In an
electric DC motor it is possible to change the current so that the motor
either can drive
the crank arms or provide a resistance to movement of the crank arms when
forcibly
moved by a user. To have this double function the flywheel is needed for
keeping a
momentum when the motor is not driving the crank. Fig. 65 shows a block
schematic of
how such a system would be. A user is able to select between a forced drive
mode 625
or a movement resistance mode 626. The CPU 613 activates delivery of power 612
to
the motor 620 which will drive the crank device if forced drive mode 625 is
selected. If
movement resistance mode 626 is selected the current setting of the power in
the motor
will cause the drive direction of the crank device to be in reverse direction
so as to give
a movement resistance when crank is turned.
In the descriptive portion and the following claims foot supporting means or
foot
supports should be understood as applying to all kinds of pedals, pedal like
devices,
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platforms and other devices for apparatus made for placing feet and stepping
on or
otherwise moving the feet for turning a crank like device.
The invention described can be subject to modification and variations without
thereby
departing from the scope of the inventive concept as disclosed with reference
to the
drawings and further stated in the attached claims. To the extent that certain
functional
elements can be replaced by other elements to enable the same function to be
performed
by the various embodiments disclosed, such technical equivalents are included
within
the scope of the invention.
