Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ELECTRONIC LIVESTOCK FEEDING STATION
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a divisional of Canadian
Patent Application No.
2,430,179 filed on May 28, 2003.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Electronic feeder stations for gestating sows are
known in the prior art.
A typical feeder station allows one sow to enter the station and eat its
allotted feed
amount without competition from other gestating sows in a group managed
system.
For example, a feeder station may have an entry gate which restricts entry to
one sow
at a time, a protected race, a feed bowl, an exit way with a one-way gate to
prevent
entry of animals as the eating sow leaves, and a feed and water dispensing
mechanism
with a feed hopper, and feed station controller connected to a PC in a control
room.
Groups of sows, typically 50 to 60, are fed sequentially by the feeder
station.
[0003] The Applicants have discovered that maintaining a farrowing group
(i.e., sows with similar expected farrowing dates) together as much as
possible is
= advantageous because it avoids the social adjustment that arises when new
animals are
introduced into a group. This practice works well for sow farms that manage
increments of 1,200 sows because, typically, 50 sows are farrowed each week in
such
a farm (or 100 for a 2,400 sow farm, 150 for a 3,600 sow farm, etc.). For such
a farm,
typically 62 to 65 animals are bred with the expectation that about 20 to 25%
of the
sows will recycle and not maintain their pregnancy. Thus, a farrowing group
may
start with 62 to 65 animals in the group, but by the end of the 114-day
gestation
period, only about 50 animals remain in the group. This group size fits the
capacity of
one typical feeder station perfectly because up to about 65 animals can be fed
by one
feeder station in a day without overloading the station.
[0004] When the size of the sow farm does not permit
optimum group sizes,
then the feeder stations are under utilized and less economic, or group mixing
must
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occur which creates undesirable behavior between animals and difficulties for
the
farmer. Thus, there is a need in the industry for an improved feeder station
that solves
these problems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention solves the problems with the
existing feeder
stations described above by fitting swinging gate assemblies at the entry and
exit sides
of the feeder station. The gate assemblies operate to allow one pen of sows to
use the
feeder station for a first time period (e.g., 12 hours). The gate assemblies
are then
automatically repositioned to allow an adjoining pen of sows to use the feeder
station
for a second time period (e.g., 12 hours). The use times for each pen can be
set at any
desired time period.
[0006] With the present invention, two groups of up to about 32
sows can use
the same feeder station. Therefore, sow farms of about 600 sows can
efficiently
employ a feeder station and still keep gestating sows in "static" groups that
start at
about 32 bred sows, but drop to about 25 animals ready for farrowing after 114
days.
These static groups can then be kept together without mixing during gestation.
[0007] The swinging gate assemblies at the entry and exit sides
of the feeder
station operate to route the sows into the feeder station and then, when they
leave,
back into their original group. Avoiding accidentally routing the exiting sow
into the
neighboring group is important because they would then be forced to endure
severe
punishment from their new pen mates. The present invention accomplishes this
in
two ways. First, the swinging gate assemblies are prevented from moving until
two
infrared detectors, one near the entry gate and one near the feeder,
positively show that
no animal remains in the feeder station. The control system associated with
the feeder
station is set to reposition the swinging gate assemblies based on the preset
time
interval and switching time, but will delay the repositioning until both
infrared
detectors indicate that no animal remains in the feeder station.
[0008] Second, to prevent sows from forcing their way into the
feeder station
from the excluded group, the swinging gate assemblies are each locked into
position
by an over-center action that provides mechanical locking rather than relying
on the
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air cylinder to hold the gates in position. This is an important feature
because sows are
powerful enough to overpower the air cylinder and open the swing gate to gain
entry into
the feeder station. Success at defeating the air cylinder would again lead to
group mixing
and potential animal injury. The over-center mechanical lock prevents this
from
occurring. A further failure could occur if air pressure is lost. The
mechanical lock
remains in position and prevents loss of control of the gate assemblies, even
if pressure is
lost.
[0008.1] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there
is also
provided a swinging gate assembly for use in a livestock facility, comprising:
a frame
having a generally V-shaped configuration in plan view with first and second
side
openings defined on each side of an apex of the V-shaped configuration; a gate
panel
having a first side edge pivotally connected to the frame for rotation about a
substantially
vertical first pivot axis at or near said apex, said gate panel being
swingable about said
first pivot axis between a first position in which the first side opening is
closed by the
gate panel and the second side opening is open, and a second position in which
the first
side opening is open and the second side opening is closed by the gate panel;
and a
mechanical actuator and locking assembly for moving said gate panel between
said first
and second positions and locking said gate panel in a selected one of said
first and second
positions, said mechanical actuator and locking assembly comprising a
mechanical
linkage that pivots over-center to lock the gate panel in a selected one of
the first and
second positions.
[0008.2] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there
is also
provided a swinging gate assembly for use in a livestock facility, comprising:
a frame
having a generally V-shaped configuration in plan view with first and second
side
openings defined on each side of an apex of the V-shaped configuration; a gate
panel
having a first side edge pivotally connected to the frame for rotation about a
substantially
vertical first pivot axis at or near said apex, said gate panel being
swingable about said
first pivot axis between a first position in which the first side opening is
closed by the
gate panel and the second side opening is open, and a second position in which
the first
side opening is open and the second side opening is closed by the gate panel;
and a
mechanical actuator and locking assembly for moving said gate panel between
said first
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and second positions and locking said gate panel in a selected one of said
first and second
positions, said mechanical actuator and locking assembly comprising an
actuator and a
toggle arm, said actuator having a first end connected to said frame and a
second end, said
toggle arm having first, second, and third connection points, said first
connection point
being pivotally and slidably connected to said gate panel, said second
connection point
being pivotally connected to said frame for rotation about a substantially
vertical second
pivot axis, and said third connection point being pivotally connected to the
second end of
said actuator.
[0008.3] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there
is also
provided a swinging gate assembly for use in a livestock facility, comprising:
a frame
having a generally V-shaped configuration in plan view with first and second
side
openings defined on each side of an apex of the V-shaped configuration; a gate
panel
having a first side edge pivotally connected to the frame for rotation about a
substantially
vertical first pivot axis at or near said apex, said gate panel being
swingable about said
first pivot axis between a first position in which the first side opening is
closed by the
gate panel and the second side opening is open, and a second position in which
the first
side opening is open and the second side opening is closed by the gate panel;
and a
mechanical actuator and locking assembly for moving said gate panel between
said first
and second positions and locking said gate panel in a selected one of said
first and second
positions, said mechanical actuator and locking assembly comprising an air
cylinder, and
a toggle arm which couples the air cylinder to the gate panel, said toggle arm
being
connected between said frame and said gate panel in such a way as to prevent
forced
movement of said gate panel out of said first or second positions unless said
air cylinder
is actuated.
[0008.4] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there
is also
provided an automated sorting system for livestock, comprising: a scale for
individually
weighing animals; a control means for determining whether or not an animal
exceeds a
threshold weight; and a swinging gate assembly having a gate panel which is
selectively
swingable based on the determination made by said control means between a
first
position in which an animal leaving the scale is directed into a first pen,
and a second
position in which an animal leaving the scale is directed into a second pen,
said swinging
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gate assembly comprising: a frame having a generally V-shaped configuration in
plan
view with first and second side openings defined on each side of an apex of
the V-shaped
configuration; said gate panel having a first side edge pivotally connected to
the frame for
rotation about a substantially vertical first pivot axis at or near said apex,
said gate panel
being swingable about said first pivot axis between a first position in which
the first side
opening is closed by the gate panel and the second side opening is open, and a
second
position in which the first side opening is open and the second side opening
is closed by
the gate panel; and a mechanical actuator and locking assembly for moving said
gate
panel between said first and second positions and locking said gate panel in a
selected one
of said first and second positions, said mechanical actuator and locking
assembly
comprising a mechanical linkage that pivots over-center to lock the gate panel
in a
selected one of said positions.
[0008.5] In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention,
there is also
provided an electronic livestock feeding station for use with multiple pens of
livestock,
comprising: a first swinging gate assembly having a first gate panel which is
selectively
swingable between a fret position in which animals in a first pen are allowed
to pass
through the first gate assembly into the feeding station and animals in a
second pen are
not allowed to pass through, and a second position in which animals in the
second pen are
allowed to pass through the first gate assembly into the feeding station and
animals in the
first pen are not allowed to pass through; a feed dispensing mechanism that
selectively
dispenses an allotted amount of feed to an animal within the feeding station;
and a second
swinging gate assembly having a second gate panel which is selectively
swingable
between a first position in which animals leaving the feeding station are
directed into the
first pen, and a second position in which animals leaving the feeding station
are directed
into the second pen.
[0008.6] In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention,
there is also
provided an electronic livestock feeding station for use with multiple pens of
livestock,
comprising: a first swinging gate assembly having a first gate panel which is
selectively
swingable between a first position in which animals in a first pen are allowed
to pass
through the first gate assembly into the feeding station and animals in a
second pen are
not allowed to pass through, and a second position in which animals in the
second pen are
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allowed to pass through the first gate assembly into the feeding station and
animals in the
first pen are not allowed to pass through; a feed dispensing mechanism that
selectively
dispenses an allotted amount of feed to an animal within the feeding station;
a second
swinging gate assembly having a second gate panel which is selectively
swingable
between a first position in which animals leaving the feeding station are
directed into the
first pen, and a second position in which animals leaving the feeding station
are directed
into the second pen; and a control means for repositioning the first and
second swinging
gate assemblies between their respective first and second positions
automatically at
predetermined intervals to allow use of the feeding station by multiple pens
of livestock.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The present invention will become more clearly
appreciated as the
disclosure of the invention is made with reference to the accompanying
drawings. In the
drawings;
[0010] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a swinging gate assembly
according to the
present invention showing a gate panel in a first locked position.
[0011] Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the swinging gate
assembly showing the
gate panel in an intermediate position as it moves between the first locked
position and a
second locked position.
[0012] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the swinging gate
assembly showing the
gate panel in the second locked position.
[0013] Fig. 4 is a plan view of the swinging gate assembly with
the gate panel in
the first locked position.
[0014] Fig. 5 is a plan view of the swinging gate assembly with
the gate panel in
the intermediate position as it moves between the first and second locked
positions.
[0015] Fig. 6 is a plan view of the swinging gate assembly with
the gate panel in
the second locked position.
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[0016] Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of a sliding pivot
connection between
the gate panel and a toggle arm used to swing the gate panel between its first
and second
locked positions.
[0017] Fig. 8 is a plan view of an electronic livestock feeding
station for use with
multiple pens of livestock which includes a pair of swinging gate assemblies
according to
the present invention.
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100181 Fig. 9 is a plan view of an automated sorting system using
the swinging
gate assembly according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0019] A swinging gate assembly 10 according to a preferred embodiment of
the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 of
the
accompanying drawings.
[0020] The swinging gate assembly 10 has a frame 11 having a
generally V-
shaped configuration in plan view. The frame 11 has structural members 12-15
that
define a first rectangular side opening 16 and structural members 17-20 that
define a
second rectangular side opening 21. The first and second side openings 16, 21
are
located on each side of an apex 22 of the V-shaped configuration. The frame 11
has a
first connection plate 23 at the apex 22 of the V-shaped configuration for
connecting
to a partition or wall separating two pens of livestock. The frame 11 has
second and
third connection plates 24, 25 arranged at the open side of the V-shaped
configuration
for connecting to respective sides of a feeding station, a sorting alley, or
the like.
[0021] The gate assembly 10 includes a gate panel 26 having a
generally
rectangular shape with a top edge 27, a bottom edge 28, and first and second
side
edges 29, 30. A suitable structure 31, such as a series of rods or tubes,
extends
between the edges 27-30 to prevent animals from passing through the gate panel
26.
The first side edge 29 of the gate panel 26 is pivotally connected to the
frame 11 at or
near the apex 22 of the V-shaped configuration for rotation about a
substantially
vertical first pivot axis 32. The gate panel 26 is swingable about the first
pivot axis 32
between a first position (Figs. 1 and 4) in which the first side opening 16 of
the frame
11 is closed by the gate panel 26 and the second side opening 21 of the frame
11 is
open, and a second position (Figs. 3 and 6) in which the first side opening 16
is open
and the second side opening 21 is closed by the gate panel 26. In the first
position,
animals are allowed to pass through the second side opening 21 of the frame 11
but
are prevented by the gate panel 26 from passing through the first side opening
16 of
the frame 11. In the second position, animals are allowed to pass through the
first side
opening 16 of the frame 11 but are prevented by the gate panel 26 from passing
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through the second side opening 21 of the frame 11.
[0022] A mechanical actuator and locking assembly 33 is provided
for moving
the gate panel 26 between the first and second positions and locking the gate
panel 26
in a selected one of the first and second positions. The mechanical actuator
and
locking assembly 33 includes an air cylinder 34 having a first end 35
connected to the
frame 11 and a second end 36 connected to a toggle arm 37. The first end 35 of
the
air cylinder 34 is connected to the frame 11 at a pivot point 38 which is
offset a
predetermined distance from the apex of the V-shaped configuration. The toggle
arm
37 couples the air cylinder 34 to the gate panel 26 in such a way as to
prevent forced
movement of the gate panel 26 out of the first or second positions unless the
air
cylinder 34 is actuated.
[0023] The toggle arm 37 has first, second, and third connection
points 39-41.
The first connection point 39 is pivotally and slidably connected to the gate
panel 26
along the upper edge of the gate panel 26. More specifically, as shown in Fig.
7, a
slide bar 42 is attached at its ends 42a, 42b to the upper edge 27 of the gate
panel 26,
and a tubular member 43 is mounted for sliding movement along the slide bar
42.
The toggle arm 37 is pivotally connected to the tubular member 43 at the first
connection point 39.
[0024] The toggle arm 37 is pivotally connected to the frame 11
at the second
connection point 40 for rotation about a substantially vertical second pivot
axis. The
second pivot axis of the second connection point 40 is spaced from the first
pivot axis
32 and located substantially equidistant between the first and second side
openings 16,
21 of the frame 11. The toggle arm 37 is pivotally connected to the second end
36 of
the air cylinder 34 at the third connection point 41. The first, second, and
third
connection points 39-41 of the toggle arm 37 define a triangular shape. The
toggle
arm 37 itself can be a generally L-shaped arm as shown in the drawings, or it
can be
triangular-shaped, V-shaped, or any other suitable shape as long as the first,
second,
and third connection points 39-41 are positioned at the apexes of a triangular
shape.
[0025] The gate panel 26 is selectively moved between its first
and second
positions by pivoting the toggle arm 37 in a desired direction by extending or
retracting the air cylinder 34. The toggle arm 37 is pivoted by the air
cylinder 34 until
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a line passing through the first and second connection points 39, 40 of the
toggle arm
moves slightly past ("over-center") a position in which the line is
perpendicular to the
gate panel 26. A stop structure 44 is provided to limit further movement of
the toggle
arm 37 once it reaches its slightly over-center position. The stop structure
44 can be a
suitable abutment associated with the air-cylinder 34 or the sliding pivot
connection
39 between the toggle arm 37 and the gate panel 26.
[0026] The implementation and operation of the swinging gate
assembly 10
described above will now be described below with reference to Figs. 8 and 9
which
show two embodiments in which the gate assembly 10 is used.
[0027] An electronic livestock feeding station 50 for use with multiple
pens of
livestock is shown in Fig. 8. The feeding station 50 is positioned between and
shared
by two pens 51, 52 of livestock which must be kept separated.
[0028] A first swinging gate assembly 53 is positioned at an
entry side of the
feeding station 50. The gate assembly 53 includes a first gate panel 54 which
is
selectively swingable between a first position (shown in Fig. 8) in which
animals in
the first pen 51 are allowed to pass through the first gate assembly 53 into
the feeding
station 50 and animals in the second pen 52 are not allowed to pass through,
and a
second position (not shown) in which animals in the second pen 52 are allowed
to
pass through the first gate assembly 53 into the feeding station 50 and
animals in the
first pen 51 are not allowed to pass through. The first gate assembly 53 has
the same
structure as the gate assembly 10 described above and shown in Figs. 1 to 7.
[0029] A one-way entry gate 55 is provided in the feeding station
50 after the
first swinging gate assembly 53. The entry gate 55 functions to restrict entry
into the
feeding station 50 to one animal at a time. The entry gate 55 may have a
conventional
structure known in the prior art.
[0030] A feed dispensing system 56 is provided in the feeding
station 50 after
the entry gate 55. The feed dispensing system 56 includes a feeder 57 from
which the
animal eats, a hopper 58 containing a supply of feed, and a mechanism 59 for
selectively dispensing an allotted ration of feed from the hopper 58 into the
feeder 57
for each animal entering the feeding station 50.
[0031] A one-way exit gate 60 is provided in the feeding station
50 after the
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feed dispensing system 56. The exit gate 60 functions to prevent entry of
other
animals as an animal within the feeding station 50 leaves the feeding station.
The exit
gate 60 may have a conventional structure known in the prior art.
[0032] A second swinging gate assembly 61 is provided in the
feeding station
50 after the exit gate 60. The second gate assembly 61 includes a second gate
panel
62 which is selectively swingable between a first position (shown in Fig. 8)
in which
animals leaving the feeding station 50 are directed back into the first pen
51, and a
second position (not shown) in which animals leaving the feeding station 50
are
directed into the second pen 52. The second gate assembly 61 has the same
structure
as the gate assembly 10 described above and shown in Figs. 1 to 7.
[0033] A first infrared detector 63 is positioned near the first
gate assembly 53
for detecting the presence of an animal within the feeding station 50. A
second
infrared detector 64 is positioned near the feed dispensing system 56 for
detecting the
presence and identity of an animal within the feeding station 50.
[0034] A control system 65 is provided which receives inputs from the first
and second infrared detectors 63, 64. The control system 65 communicates with
the
feed dispensing system 56 for causing a desired ration of feed to be dispensed
from
the hopper 58 into the feeder 57 based on the detected identity of the animal
within
the feeding station 50.
[0035] The control system 65 also functions to reposition the first and
second
swinging gate assemblies 53, 61 at preset time intervals according to a user-
defined
program. For example, the user-defined program may cause the control system 65
to
reposition the first and second swinging gate assemblies 53, 61 every 12 hours
so that
the first pen 51 can access the feeding station 50 for the first 12 hours and
then the
second pen 52 can access the feeding station 50 for the next 12 hours and so
on. The
control system 65 can thus provide equal sharing of the feeding station 50
between
multiple pens 51, 52 of animals.
[0036] To avoid mixing the animals in the first pen 51 with the
animals in the
second pen 52, the first and second gate assemblies 53, 61 should not be
repositioned
while an animal is present within the feeding station 50. Thus, the control
system 65
is set to prevent repositioning of the gate assemblies 53, 61 at the end of a
preset time
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interval when the presence of an animal is detected within the feeding station
50 by
either of the first or second infrared detectors 63, 64.
[0037] An automated sorting system 70 for livestock is shown in
Fig. 9. The
automated sorting system 70 provides a system for sorting heavier animals
(e.g.,
animals that have achieved an optimum weight for marketing) from lighter
weight
animals and directing the sorted animals into two different pens 71, 72.
[0038] The sorting system 70 includes a scale 73 for individually
weighing
animals as the animals walk across or stand on a platform 74. A control means
75
receives an input from the scale 73 indicative of each animal's weight and
determines
whether or not the animal exceeds a predetermined threshold weight.
[0039] A swinging gate assembly 76 is provided having a gate
panel 77 which
is selectively swingable between a first position (shown in Fig. 9) in which
an animal
leaving the scale 73 is directed into the first pen 71, and a second position
(not shown)
in which the animal leaving the scale 73 is directed into the second pen 72.
The
swinging gate assembly 76 has a locking structure 78 that locks the gate panel
77 in a
selected one of the first and second positions. The swinging gate assembly 76
has the
same structure as the gate assembly 10 described above and shown in Figs. 1 to
7.
[0040] The swinging gate assembly 76 is moved between its first
and second
positions based on the determination made by the control means 75 as to
whether or
not each particular animal exceeds the predetermined threshold weight. Thus,
the
heavier animals are automatically directed into one of the pens 71, 72 and the
lighter
animals are automatically directed into the other one of the pens 71, 72.
[0041] The automated sorting system 70 further includes a one-way
entry gate
(not shown) that restricts entry onto the scale 73 to one animal at a time,
and a one-
way exit gate (not shown) that prevents entry of other animals onto the scale
73 as an
animal leaves the scale 73.
[0042] It will be appreciated that certain features of the
present invention
described above can be changed without departing from the scope of the
invention.
For example, other types of actuators, such as hydraulic or electric driven
actuators,
can be used instead of the air cylinder 34. The shape of the frame 11, the
gate panel
26, and the toggle arm 37 can be changed while still maintaining the over-
center
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locking action to keep the gate panel 26 locked in its respective positions.
Additional
gate assemblies could be incorporated into the above-described feeder station
50 to
allow more than two separate pens and groups of animals to use a single feeder
station
without group mixing. Additional gate assemblies could also be incorporated
into the
above-described automated sorting system 70 to allow animals to be sorted into
more
than two groups.
[0043] While the invention has been specifically described in
connection with
specific embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that this is by way of
illustration
and not of limitation, and the scope of the appended claims should be
construed as
broadly as the prior art will permit.
