Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1036841
The invention relates to an alumlnum-clad nlckel-
cobalt-boron based flame spray materlal which i8 characterlzed
by excellent bondlng and workablllty of coated surfaces.
It is common to line metal surfaces with other metals
of tifferent mechanically superior properties to obtain the
beat properties of both metals, e.g. cylinders in aluminum
engine blocks have been lined with iron sheets to give the bene-
fits of the light weight of aluminum and the wear properties
of iron. An improvement thereon involved flame spraying the
wear surface onto the receiving surface. To ensure a secure
bond between substrate and sprayed metal it was customary to
- q~
db/~r _ I _
.. .... . . . .
/' "' ~ ~ , ,";........................................ I
,~` ., ,. I
103G841
; prepare the substrate by mechanical roughening. U. S. Patent
2 Nos. 2,588,421 and 2,588,422 made a furhter improvement thereon 'I
in that molybdenum was first flame sprayed onto the substrate ~ ¦
4 without need for special preparation of the substrate. There-
after a hard wear surface such as high carbon steel could be ;
6 sprayed and the laminate would be securely held together.
7 In U. S. Patent No. 2,875,043 there were disclosed
8 spray-weld alloys, also known as self-fluxing alloys,
9 comprising nickel bases which could be sprayed and which,
because of a content of boron and/or silicon, act as a fluxer
11 of the alloy and of the surface to be alloyed during subsequene
12 fusing of a sprayed coating. Other metallic components such ;~
13 as chromium, iron, carbon, copper and molybdenum could also
14 be present. In U. S. Patent No. 2,936,229 it was taught that
such self-fluxing alloys might also contain about 0.2 to 5~L
16 of aluminum and that the nickel could be replaced in whole
17 or in part by cobalt. These modifications minimized the
18 formation of any small pores in the coating. Other elements
could also be present in mi-nor amounts.
For certain purposes it was desired th~t the flame
21 sprayed surface constitute an intermetallic compound. In
22 U. S. Patent 3,305,326 there was disclosed a powder mixture
2~ as described in U. S. Patent Nos. 2,875,043 and 2,936,229 along
J, 24 with coated powder particles comprising a metal nucleus and a
metal coating reactable therewith at flame spray temperatures
- 26 to form an intermetallic compound. The coated powder material
; rendered the blend self fusing, i.e. it automatically formed
28 a fused coating upon spraying without a separate fusing operatic n.
- 2 -
` L
. , .. . .. , . . . ~. .
~ l
~ 1C~3~i841
l In U. S. Patent No. 3,322,515 there were described modified
flame spray composite materials whose components exothermically
3 interacted with one another when melted so as to form such
4 intermetallic compound which was deposited upon the substrate.
The heat generated by the exothermic reaction aided in the
6 bonding, and these materials were an improvement over Ij
7 molybdenum for bonding other flame spray materials to the
! substrate. The composite could comprise separate strands of
9 the two components, e.g. a strand of nickel and a strand of
I lO aluminum, the strands being simultaneously fed to a flame
i ll spray gun. In accordance with a preferred technique one
12 of the components could be coated onto the other, e.g.
13 a wire comprising a nickel core and an aluminum sheath.
14 These composites functioned in generally satisfactory
fashion but had certain significant limitations. For example
16 the self-fusing mixture of U. S. Patent No. 3,305,326 did not
17 bond very well, and required either a special substrate
18 preparation such as roughening by grit blasting, or a
lg preliminary layer of a bonding material such as molybdenum
or exothermic composite described above
21 The surfaces, while of adequate bond strength for
22 most purposes, still imposed limitations upon the working
Z3 to which the coated surfaces could be put.
24 It is accordingly an object of the present invention
2~ to provide flame sprayable compositions which are self-
26 bonding and which produce coatings which may readily be
worked without de-bonding.
_ 3 _ ,
. i
1036841
A further object of the invention is to
produce superior flame sprayed bearing surfaces.
These and other objects and advantages are
realized in accordance with the present invention pursuant to
which there is provided a flame spray material in the form of
a composite comprising (1) as a first component an alloy con-
taining at least about 40~ of its weight of at least one of
nickel and cobalt, and about 1 to 6% by weight of boron and
(2) aluminum powder as a second component, the first component
being present in about 66 to 99% by weight of the composite.
The resulting coatings are characterized by excellent bonding
and superior bearing and wearing surfaces. They can readily
be worked, generally by grinding.
The first component, which preferably
constitutes about 66 to 99% and most preferably about 85 to 95%
of the combined weights of the first and second components, may
~omprise any of the spray-weld, self-fluxing alloy compositions
disclosed in above-mentioned U.S. Patent Nos. 2,875,043 and
2,936,229. Thus, the first component may further contain about
1 to 6% of its weight of silicon, preferably about 4 to 5~; up
to about 20% of chromium; up to about 8~, and generally at least
about 3% when present, of copper, preferably about 5 to 6~; up
to about 10%, and generally at least about 3% when present, of
~molybdenum, preferably about 4.5 to 5.5%; and aluminum desirably
in about 0.2 to 5% and preferably up to about 2%. Minor amounts
of iron and carbon may also be present. While the nickel and/or
cobalt should constitute
cmj
- 4 -
.. , 5. ,, ~ .. , .. ,~. ... . , .. . ,. , . ,, ~ ... . ... . . . .
1036841
st least about 40~ o~ the 1rst co~ponent as descrlbet, advan-
tageously lt should constltute at least about 60%.
The secont component, a6 notet, comprises aluminu~ and
preferably lt ls employed as a flne powter teposltet ln a blnder
on partlcles of the first component.
The aluminum preferably ln as finely divitet form as
possible, as for eYample a size of -325 mesh, is mixed in the
requlret proportions with a binder or lacquer 80 as, in effect,
to form a paint in which the aluminum particles correspond to
the pigment. The paint is then used to coat the core particles
and allowed to set or try.
The binder material may be any known or conventional
binder material which may be uset for forming a coating or for
bonding particles together or to a surface. The binder is pre-
ferably a varnish containing a resin as the varnish solids, and
may contain a resin which does not depend on solvent evaporation
ln orter to form a dried or set film. The varnish may thus
contain a catalyzed resin as the varnish solids. Examples of
binders which may be uset include the conventional phenolic
epoxy or alkyt varnishes, varnishes containing drying oils,
such as tuna oil and linseed oil, rubber and latex binters and
the like.
The coating of the high nickel-cobalt first or core com-
ponent with the "paint" containing the aluminum may be effected
in any known or desired manner, and it is simply necessary to
mi~ the two materials together and allow the binder to set or
dry which will result in a fairly free-flowing powder consisting
of the nickel-cobalt core coatet with cladting of the aluminum.
The powders are sprayet in the conventional manner,
using a powter type flame spray gun, though it is also possible
to combine the same in the form of a wire or rod, using plastic
or a similar binding, as for eYample polyethylene which decomposes
tb~,~ 5
103~841
ln a heatlng zone of the gun. When formed a~ wire~, the sa~e
may have conventional si~es and accuracy tolerances for flame
spray wlres and thus, for example, may vary in slze between
1/4" and 20 gauge.
The spraying i9 in all respects effected in the conven-
tional manner previously utilized for self-bonding flame spray
material, and in particular nickel aluminum composites. Due to
the self-bonding characteristics, special surface preparation
other than a good cleanlng is not required though, of course,
conventional surface preparation may be utilized if deslred.
The powder in accortance with the invention may be flame-
~prayed as a bonding coat for subsequently applied flame spray
material. The composites may furthermore be sprayet in con-
~unction with. or in addition to, other flame spray materials
conventionally used in the art.
When sprayed, the nickel and/or cobalt and aluminum are
believed to react exothermically, forming a nickel and/or cobalt
aluminide intermetallic. Complex aluminides and alloys with
other metals, when present, may be formed.
The term "composite" as used herein is intended to
designate a structurally integral unit and does not include a
mere mixture of components which may be physically separated
without any destruction of the structure. Thus, in the case of
powder, the term "composite" does not include a simple mixture
of individual granules of the separate components, but requires
th~t each of the individual granules contain the separate com-
ponents which will exothermically react, forming intermetallic
compounds. In the case of wire, the individual components must
be incorporated in a single wire. In the composite the com-
ponents must be in intimate contact with each other.
In connection with powders, each grain may consist of an
~ggregate containing the components which wlll exothermically
db/~ - 6 -
1036841
rea^t, form~ng the lntermetallic compount, but preferably the
lndivldual grains of the powter are in the form of a clad com-
poslte consisting of a nucleus of one of the components ant at
least one coatlng layer of the other components. Alternatively,
the composite may consist of separate, concentric coating layers
of at least two of the components ant a nucleus of two, three
or even a fourth material.
In the case of wires, the composites may be in the form
of a wire having a coating sheath of one material ant a core
Of the others, alternate coating sheaths u4 two of the components
and a core of the thirt or a fourth material, a wire formed by
twi~ting o~ rolling separate wire strands of the components, a
wlre consisting of a sheath of one component and a core con- .
tsining the other components in powder or compacted form, a
~lre consisting of a sheath of one component and a core containing
a compacted powter mixture of this same component material and
other components, a wire consisting of a plastic sheath and a
core containing a compacted powder mixture of components, etc.
In order for the wires to be most satisfactory for
spraying, it is preferable that the same must not cavitate at
the tip when heatet, and should preferably be capable of forming
a polnted or ~lightly tapered tip when being melted and sprayed.
Thus, if the wires have an outer layer or sheath of one component
and an inner core of another component, the inner core should
not have a lower melting point than the outer sheath, as other-
~ise the inner core will initially melt, causing cavitation at
the tip. For example, if the wire is in the form of a core with
a coating sheath, the coating sheath should be aluminum, as
otherwise during the spraying operation the wire will initially
melt out, causing the cavitation which may interfere with a
s-tisfactory spraying operation. The wire havlng the melting-
point characterigtics so as to allow the ~elting off of the tip
tb/~ 7 -
1036841
wlthout thl~ cavitation i9 referred to herein and in the claims
as "non-cavltating wire."
Whlle the components may be present ln the stolchio-
metrlc proportions requlret for the formation of the lnter-
metallic compound, it is, however, possible to also have an
excess of one or the other provided the relative amounts are
sufficient to release quantities of heat in the formation of the
intermetallic compounds.
The clad powders, in accortance with the invention, may
be formet in any known or desiret manner, including known
chemical plating processes, in which coating material i8 deposited
on a seed or nucleus of another material, or in which multiple
lsyers of various materials are built up on the seet material,
or in which various materials are co-tepositet in a single
lsyer on the seed material.
A mote of forming the clad powders lnvolves the déposi-
ting of a metal from a solution by reduction on a seed or
nucleus, such as by the hydrogen reduction of ammonical solutions
of nlckel and/or cobalt aad ammonium sulfate on a seed powter
catalyzet such as by the atdition of anthraquinone. It is also
possible to form the coating by other processes, such as coating
by vapor deposition, by the thermal decomposition of metal car-
bonyls, by hydrogen reduction of metal halite vapors, by thermal
deposition of halides, hydrides, carbonyls, organometals, or
other volatile compounds, or by displacement gas plating and
the like.
A preferred and greatly simplified mode of forming the
clat powders in accordance with the invention is the depositing
of one component as coating in the form of a paint on the other
component. ThuR the component which is to form the coating or
cladting may be dispersed in finely tividet form in a binder or
lac~uer so as, in effect, to form a palnt in which this component
db/~ - 8 -
` 10368~1
corresponds to the pigment. The palnt i8 then used to coat
core partlcles of the other component and the binder or lacquer
allowed to set or dry. The blnder materlal 19 preferably a
resin which does not depend on solvent evaporatlon ln order to
form a dried or set film, and which film will decompose or
break down in the heat of the spraying process. The binder,
for example, may be a phenolic varnish or any other known or
conventional varnish, preferably conta~ning a resin as the var-
nish solids. The components which are initially mlxed with
the blnder or varnish should preferably be as finely divided as
possible, as for example -325 mesh. The other component which
constitute6 the core should be approximately or only s~lightly
below the particle size ultimately desired for the spray powder.
The coating of the core component with the "paint" may be effected
in any known or desired manner, and it is slmply necessary to;
~ls the two materials together and allow the binder to dry or
~et, which will result in a fairly free-flowing powder consisting
of the core component coated with a cladding of the other com-
ponent bound in the binder.
The aggregates may be formet by any other known method,
suc~ as by compacting or briquetting the various components into
the lndividual granules, or into larger aggregates and then
breaking these aggregates into the granules.
The wires may be formed in the known conventional man-
ner for forming wires with various components as, for example,
by shrinking a sheath on a core, by forming the core with powder,
by twisting the component wires, followed by rolling, drawing,
swagging, or the like if tesired.
In accordance with one mode of manufacture, one of the
components may be formed into a tube or sheath and filled with
a powder of the other component or a powder comprising a mixture
of the two components, vr containing atditional components. The
db¦~ ~ 9 ~
., .. ~. . . . , r
103684~
tube ends are then sealed and the wlre reduced to the desired
w$re tlameter by swagging, rolllng or drawlng. Preferably the
powder or powder mlxture is flr~t compressed into cylindrical
briquettes before being placed in the sheath or core. The
~eallng of the tube ends after loading with the powder or pow-
der mlxture can be effected, for lnstance, by insertion of a
plug, for example of the metal of the sheath, by welding,
twlsting, crimping, or the like.
Powders in accordance with the invention should have
10 the general over-all shape and size of conventional, flame spray
powders, and thus for example should have a size between -60
mesh and +3 microns and preferably -140 mesh and +10 microns
(U.S. Standard screen mesh size). Most preferably the powder
should be as uniform as posslble in grain size, with the indivi-
dual grains not varying by more than 250 microns and preferably
75 microns.
Dependlng on the partlcular flame spray process and the
tesiret purpose, the composite powder may be sprayet per se or
ln co~bination with other different composlte powders, or in
20 combination wlth other conventional flame spray powders or
powder components.
- While the powders are preferably sprayet, as such, in a
powder-type of flame spray gun, it i5 also possible to combine
the same in the form of a wire or rod, using a plastic or simi-
lar binder, which decomposes in the heating zone of the gun, or
in certain cases the powders may be compacted and/or sintered
together ln the form of a rod or wire. The wires must have the
conventional sizes and accuracy tolerances for flame spray wires
and thus for example may vary in size between 1/4" and 20 gauge,
~0 and are preferably of the following sizes: 3/16" + .0005" to
-.0025", l/8" t .0005" to -.0025", ll gauge ~ .0005"
to -.0025", and 15 gauge + .OOOl" wlth a smooth clean finish
tb/ ' ' - lO -
........ ~ .. ~, .... . . . .
-"` ` 1036841.
free from surface marks, blemlshes, or defects. The wires are
sprayet in the conventional manner uslng conventlonal ~lre-
type flame spray guns.
In combining, in the exothermic reaction, forming the
lntermetallic compound, the components generate heat ln situ in
the actual material which is to form at least a part of the
coating. This is to be distinguished from flame-spray processes
ant materials in which heat is generated by a reaction, such as
8n oxitation reaction in whlch a oreign ant non-metallic element
is introduced ant in which untesirable components may be pro-
ducet. Asite from greatly contributing to the thermal efficiency
of the process, the heat generated in situ in the formation of
the intermetallic compount produces novel results, in many in-
stances forming a tenser, more adhering coating, having charact-
eristic~ ~ at least a partially fused coating. In many in-
stances the coating has self-bonting characteristics, so that
~pecial surface preparation, other than a good cleaning, is not
requiret. The spraying in all other respects is effected in
the conventional, well-known manner, using conventional flame
spray equipment, ant the conventional surface preparation may
be utilizet, if tesired. The composites in accordance with
the invention may be sprayet in con~unction with or in addition
to other flame spray materials
db~
.
1036B41
conventionally used in the art, or may be sprayed in combination
or conjunction with the others.
The use of the nickel- and/or cobalt- aluminum
composites will generally improve the bond of the total sprayed
material, and thus of the other component or components, to the
substrate, sometimes making the mixture self-bonding. The
particle bond will be improved and the coating will be denser,
80 that its porosity may be decreased. In general, as little
as about 5% by weight of the composites in accordance with the
invention will be sufficient to substantially improve the bonding
characteristics and decrease the porosity of other flame spray
materials, such as conventional flame spray metals, alloys or
ceramics. There is, of course, no upper limit on the amount as
the composite may be sprayed per se.
An especially suitable blend comprises the
novel composite and up to about 20% of its weight, preferably
about 5 to 15% of its weight, of another composit~. The other
composite may simply be aluminum-clad nickel although preferably
it is aluminum- and molybdenum-clad nickel as described more
fully in Canadian Application Serial No. 198,563 filed April 30,
1974. In such other composite based on the weight of nickel,
aluminum and molybdenum the nickel is present :n about 66 to
97.5%, the aluminum in about 2 to 18% and the molybdenum in
about 0.5 to 16%; preferably the nickel is present in about
73 to 89%, the aluminum in about 5 to 15% and
cm/ 1 2
..~
10;16841
l the molybdenum in about 6 to 12%. Such other compo8ite which
2 is preferably a clad core is generally produced in the same
3 manner as described hereinabove for the composite forming
4 I the basix of this in~ention. Such blends produce coatings
which will not crack upon working even when extremely thick,
6 e.g. more than about 0.050 inch and even more than about
¦ 0.100 inch.
8 Materials with which the novel composites may be
9 admixed before flame spraying include carbides as described l
I 10 in U. S. Patent No. 3,305,326. ~hen blended with a refractory i
¦ ll carbide, such as tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium l
¦ 12 carbide, tantalum carbide, columbium carbide, hafnium carbide, ,
13 chromium carbide or the like, extremely high quality coatings
14 are produced, which are superior in various respects to the
conventional carbide coatings. li
16 The carbides used in accordance witl this embodiment
17 should have a particle size between about -140 mesh U. S.
18 Standard screen size and 8 microns, and preferably between
l9 about -270 mesh and ~15 microns, with the amount of carbide
being between about 5-95% and preferably 25-85% and most prefer
21 I ably 45-55% by weight, based on the total powder mixture.
22 If the refractory carbide powder is in a form so that
23 the refractory carbide is bound in a matrix, as for example
24 a cobalt or nickel matrix containing S-20% by weight of
either cobalt or nickel, unusually hard and wear-resistant
26 coatings will be produced which do not contain the individual
27 carbide particles imbedded in a fused matrix, but instead
28 13
-` 103684~,
contain alloy phase~ who~e micro-hardnes~ i9 actually sub-
stanelally hlgher than that ordlnarlly obtalned from a bonded
carbide.
When the powder, ln accordance wlth the inventlon, con-
tainlng this matrix-bonded refractory carbide is plasma-sprayed,
the same is self-bonding, so that the conventlonal surface pre-
paration for flame spraying, as for example a deep surface
roughening, is not requiret.
The carbide coatings formet in accortance with the above
are extremely hart and wear-resistant, and may be useful as
bearing surfaces, abrasive surfaces, and for any other purpose
wherein a working surface requires extremely wear-resistant
coating.
The refractory carbide, need not be matrix-bound, but
should be a pure crystalline carbide, also having the particle
size and u~ed in the amounts lndicated above. The crystalline
carbite-containing coatings formed in accordance with the in-
vention will have extremely high wear-resistance due to the
carbide particles, which are tispersed ant tightly bound in the
fused coating. Coatings may be uset for the same type of ap-
plications as mentioned in connection with the coatings formed
with the matrix-bound carbide.
The following examples, wherein all parts are by weight
unless otherwise expressed, are given by way of illustration
and not limitation.
1~ .
.
tb/-~
1 I ~xAMpLE 10;UiE~
¦ Finely divided aluminum powder (-325 mesh) was
3 ¦ admixed with a conventional phenolic varnish having
4 approximately 10% solid contents so as to form a mixture
having the consistency of heavy syrup and containing about
60% by weight of the metal particles. 100 grams of the
7 ¦ varnish powder mixture was then added to about 900 grams
8 of a self-fluxing alloy powder comprising -200 +325 mesh partic es
9 of the composition O~15~/o carbon, 2.5% silicon, 2.5% boron,
2.5% iron, 10% chromium, balance nickel. The two were
ll thoroughly mixed, with the mixing continued until the
12 varnish dried, leaving a fairly free-flowing powder in
13 which all of the core particles were clad with a dry film
14 which contained the aluminum particles. The powder was
then warmed to about 250F. to ensure complete drying. The
16 ¦ powder was then screened and hand-milled to reduce the same
17 ¦ to a -100 mesh powder. The powder was flame-sprayed on a
18 mild steel plate which had been surface cleaned by smooth
19 grinding. The spraying was effected under different
conditions using three different flame spray guns sold by
21 I Metco, Inc., of Westbury, N.Y., as described in Table I.
22 The process conditions and the results are set forth in
23 Table II along with those Eor one oE the best grindable .
Z4 compositions heretofore available, which composition however
is not self-bonding. The novel coatings are hard, grindable
26 ¦ and durab .
1036~141
Table I
2 ¦ Spray Parameters for a Self-Bondin~ Grindable Coatin~
l (1) (1) (2)
4 METC0 "5P" ThermoSpray METC0 "N" ThermoSPray METC0 "3MB"
Plasma Spray Gun
Nozzle = P7G N7B Gas - N2 ~ 2
r Meter Valve - 12 15 Press (psi)-50/50
8 Clicks - 8 9 Flow - 100 ~ 0
9 2 Flow - 25 Press - 0213 Current - 500 AMPS
Acet. Flow - 40 Press Acet. 15 Voltage - 73 Volts
11 Carrier ' 2 2 Carrier = 37
12 Vibrator Vibrator Nozzle - G
13 Spray Dis~. = 10" 7" Port ~ 2
14 Spray Rate - 9 Lbs.~Hr. 6 ~r. "S" Wheel 20
15 ¦Deposit Efficiency = 75% 85% Spray Rate-10 Lbs. 'Hr
16 ¦Hardness - Rc 37 Rc 34 Spray Distance ~ 6
17 Hardness - Rc47-49
18 ¦(1) As described in U.S. Patent No. 2,961,335.
20 1(2' As desc ibed in U.S. Patent No. 3,145,287.
221 I
24 16
. _ _
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F ~r~ ¢ ~ s c~J ~ o C~
a~ , . ul ~ ~ oo c~ o~ ~r Ei !
~ n 0`~ ~ J o Z; o ~
V~ ~ `D o
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t ~D ~1 u~ rl V V O
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0 o ~ D O
; ~ .~ ~ ~ o ~ h ~ ~ ~ O O X
U .~ ~ ~ ~ N O ON O o0 U~ al ,1 ,1
' ~1 ~; ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ ON P. O~1 ~1 U~
i ' ~ 0 ~ r-~
aJv~ ,1 ~ c~ ~ æ ~ æ c~o ~
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; 0 ~ 0~ Z .n ~ 6
.~ .00 rl ~t ~ X ~ u~ 0
h ~ J~ ,~ m ~
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_~ h 6~ ~ ~ ~ U
~1 . C~ O C~ 0 0 ~ E~ ~ t Q~
'. ~ ~0 ¢ ,1 h _ h h O 0 ~2:; ~;
.. r~ ~t ~ ~ O ~ V ~1
~I t~ ¢ ~ t~ o ~ t~ O O ~ a
.,1 ~ ,( ~ ~ ~ V~ ~i ~ ~
; ~ ~ O h I I
, .c ~ ~ ~ a) ~ t ^ h ~ ~ ~ _
I t~ rl ~ ~ C~ E E ~ aJ ~ O
~J h ~1 ~1 ~ Cl ~ Ul Ul ~ ~ J~ ~ ~ ¢ tO
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17 ~ -
~ EXAMPLE 2 10 36 ~ ¦
2 ¦ When 90% of the composite aluminum clad self-fluxing
3 alloy in Example 1 was admixed (blended~ with 10% composite
4 powder of aluminum-molybdenum clad nickel core (Example 1 of
S ¦ METC0 347), and sprayed per Example 1, a hard grindable coating
6 ¦ was produced which did not crack upon working even when
7 ¦ extremely thick. The coating also had a bond strength of
8 ¦ 5,260 psi (Table II).
9 . l
EXAMPLE 3
11 ¦ Uhen 50% of the 90/O composite aluminum self-fluxing
12 alloy with 10% composite aluminum-molybdenum-nickel powder
13 was admixed (blended) with 50% refractory molybdenum metal
14 ¦ powder, and sprayed per Example 1, a hard, grindable, wear
resisting coating was produced. (See U.S. Patent 3,313,633,
16 Example 5 - 50% molybdenum). The coating hardness was Rc 35-40
17 and bond strength was 5,027 psi.
18 l i
19 EXAMPLE 4
20 I When 50% of the 90% composite aluminum self-fluxing
21 I alloy with 10% composite aluminum-molybdenum-nickel powder
22 ¦ is admixed (blended) with 50% of a refractory tungsten carbide
23 ¦ powder (See U.S. Patent 3,305,326 Example 3-crystalline
24 carbide~, a hard grindable coating was produced, with Rc
hardnes of 53-S5, and a bond strength of 6,444 psi.
28 _ _
I
1 ~ EXAMPL1 1036841
Repeating Example 4 using 50% of the composite powder
3 of Example l (without the addition of the aluminum-molybdenum- .
4 nickel powder) produces similar results.
It will be appreciated that the instant specification
7 and examples are set forth by way of illustration and not
8 limitation, and that various modifications and changes may
9 be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
11l02 ~ present ention.
3 .
5 1
8 .
19 ',
22o ..
22
24 l 9
251 ~
- 28 .
