Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
- ` -
: ~037706
, :
The present invention relates to a method of insulating and pro-
tecting a variety of surfaces and substrates, including tundra and perma-
frost regions, roadways, runways, areas, buildings, dams, canals, beams,
etc. from expansion and contraction, stresses, cracking and deterioration
by the sun's rays, and in particular to a petroleum derived oil-modified
polyurethane composition incorpora~ing a heat-reflecting agent and/or
e.m. radiation reflecting agent.
Problems have been encountered in working in areas where perma-
frost exists, for example, on the north slope of Alaska and in Northern
Canada. Permafrost is perennially frozen ground found in the Artic regions.
The permafrost zone may contain some layers of gravel free of ice known
~ as "dry permafrost", but the bulk of the zone is usually composed of
- sand and rocks or of unconsolidated aggregates of sand, silt and gravel
; in which interstitial water is frozen to ice. Permafrost also contains
ice lenses and/or layers of almost pure ice. Permafrost is formed by the
spreading downward of the low temperatures found at the surface in Artic
winters, particularly in regions of low snowfall. There is seasonal thaw-
ing and freezing at the surface, but thawing rarely penetrates more than
18 inches where the permafrost is protected by tundra or vegetation. The `~
downward spread of freezing temperatures to form permafrost continues ;
until an equilibrium is reached with heat flow from the earth's interior.
The thickness of the permafrost 70ne varies with latitude and with
particular geographic location. Permafrost is not believed to exist under
most deep large Artic lakes or under the Artic Ocean. Permafrost consists
of both a frozen matrix of water and soil and lenses of ice without any
soil. This zone extends in thickness from a few feet to two thousand
feet or more. It is said to be almost a mile deep in Siberia. When the
permafrost section is frozen it is a rigid mass. However, upon thawing,
the thawed portion becomes rather fluid. Ordinarily this thawing under
natural conditions only takes place to a depth of not over about five feet
--1--
1~)37706 ~:
in the summer and then it refreezes in the winter. Thawing in the perma-
frost will cause subsidence. This subsidence can impose stresses and
strains on structures such as roadways, runways, buildings and foundations
which have depended upon the rigidity of frozen permafrost for their support.
The surface layer which overlays the permafrost is of course
frozen during the ~inter when temperatures sometimes approach minus 70F.
Nevertheless summer temperatures in these regions can reach into the 70's
; and 80's. During the summer, when the surface layer overlaying the perma-
frost has melted, a delicate relationship exists between the surface layer
and the ground beneath it. It has been found that compressions of any
sort, even footprints may leave long-lasting scars. In fact, State
regulations in Alaska require that vehicles stay off the thawed surface
during the summer, except for emergencies and scientific projects. Other-
wise, ground transportation is undertaken only in winter, when the sur-
face is frozen. Clearly, an effective method of insulating and protect-
ing permafrost regions from thawing is needed.
The present inventive method of insulating and protecting a
variety of areas, surfaces and substrates, is particularly intended for
protecting the tundra and permafrost regions from thawing. A petroleum
derived oil-modified polyurethane composition incorporating a heat and/or
e.m. radiation reflecting agent is used for this purpose. The polyurethane
composition may be used for a great variety of other purposes.
The petroleum oil-modified polyurethane compositions of the
present invention may incorporate a wide variety of filler materials.
For example, sand, gravel, rock, muskeg, sawdust, woodpulp, clays, vermi-
culite, flyash, cinders, coal, mud, crushed glass, sulphur, grainsJ fibers .
; of all types as well as many other materials whether found in nature or
a product of manufacture may be used as fillers. Thus the present invent-
ion further provides synthetic resin compositions made from readily avail- ~ -
- 30 able materials useful for the purpose of protecting the ecology and for
~ ~03~06
purposes of providing an economical construction material.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of
insulating, stabilizing and protecting tundra and permafrost from thawing and
-- unwanted subsidence which comprises applying to a surface a composition which
includes about 10 to about 90% by weight of hydrocarbon oil, about 90 to about
10% by weight of polyurethane prepolymer, and a solar radiation reflecting
agent, said composition being applied in sufficient amount to coat said sur-
face which is either permafrost or a substrate on permafrost, and permitting
said composition to harden, whereby said composition acts to reflect solar
radiation from said surface, to prevent thawing of said permafrost.
In another aspect, the present invention comprises a composition for
treating tundra and permafrost to reduce thawing and subsidence thereof
comprising about 10 to about 90% by weight of a hydrocarbon oil, about 90 to
about 10% by weight of a polyurethane prepolymer, a catalyst for said pre-
polymer and a solar energy reflecting agent.
The inventive composition reflects infrared rays and thereby
prevents damage to permafrost as well as preventing cracking, distortion or
deterioration of other substrates to which it may be applied such as runways,
roadways, areas, beams, or canals due to expansion and contraction. The re-
flecting composition may be placed between structures and objects aboveambient temperatures such as automobile roadways, aeronautical runways,
building floors and walls, foundations, or a permafrost surface thereby to
prevent thawing of the permafrost and other areas or structures and consequent
damages.
The inventive composition will of course also reflect visible,
artificial light thereby aiding the illumination of automobile roadways,
aeronautical runways and structures at night by means of reflected light.
The new and useful compositions comprise a particular petroleum
derived oil, a urethane polymer which will set at ambient temperatures as well
as at elevated temperatures and a reflecting agent. It has been found that
the composition of a petroleum derived oil having a boiling range within the
temperature range of 230 to 580C and preferably 260 to 550C is suitable for
~ ~ _ 3 _
:
~03779~6 ~
the invention. The petroleum derived oil generally is aromatic and/or
naphthenic in character. In the use of urethane prepolymers and a polymer
and a polymer forming agent, the urethane prepolymers are polymerized in situ
in the petroleum derived oil. Compositions prepared according to the present
invention have been found to cure at ambient temperatures
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~037706
(20C to 40C) as well as at elevated temperatures.
The term urethane is used herein in a broad generic sense to
include the well known classes of monomeric materials which contain at
least one urethane linkage. The term is intended to include compositions
which may also contain other types of linkage such as vinyl-modified ure-
thanes and polyes~er-modified urethanes. The urethanes in this invention
may be self-curing or may be cured by means of well known catalysts for
polyurethanes such as tertiary amines, inorganic acids like sulphuric
acid and phosphoric acid, metallic carbonyl compounds, nickel carbonyl
compounds and phosphines. Included are polyurethanes prepared from poly-
isocyanates and polyesters and polyethers.
In addition, urethanes also include adducts of polyisocyanates
with other materials having reactive components such as castor oil, linseed
oil, soya oil and the like, polyols obtained by polymerising compounds
containing ethylene oxide groups, polyester containing hydroxyl groups,
obtained by condensing aromatic and/or aliphatic glycols with aromatic
and/or aliphatic carboxylic acids. Also included are isocyanates con-
densed with hydroxy compounds such as allyl alcohol and the like wherein
the polymer structure comprises linear and/or cross linked hydrocarbon
groups formed by reactions in addition to the urethane reaction.
The preferred urethanes are those which may be produced by the
well known reaction between organic isocyanates or polyisocyanates and
monofunctional or poly-functional hydroxy compounds. It is further pre-
ferred that the urethanes be prepared from polymeric polyisocyanates con-
taining urethane linkages that may be obtained by reacting an excess of a
monomeric polyisocyanate with a monomeric or polymeric polyfunctional
hydroxy compound although monomeric polyisocyanates are equally appli-
cable. Polyurethane resins cross linked with polythic ethers and vinyl-
idene may also be used.
Catalyst compounds such as bismuth nitrate, lead-2-ethylhexoate,
~ ,
10377~6
lead benzoate, lead oleate, sodium trichlorophenate, tetrabutyltitanate,
ferric chloride, stannous octoate, stannous oleate, butyltin trichloride,
magnesium stearate and tertiary amines such as triethylene diamine may be
used for purposes of this invention. Other catalysts for the reaction may
also be used.
The proportions of filler to petroleum derived oil will vary
considerably depending upon the final use for the product. The filler, if
any, is added in an amount ranging from 5 to 35% by weight, based on the
total weight of composition.
For the present invention, an aromatic oil is defined as one in
which at least 55% of the carbon atoms occur in benzene or condensed benzene
ring structures. A naphthenic oil for the purpose of the present invention
is one containing less than 55% by weight of aromatics and more than 60%
by weight combined aromatics and naphthenes but no less than 35% by weight -
of naphthenes. Such oils as these contemplated herein may be obtained
from petroleum refinery streams by the solvent extraction or distillat-
ion of heavycatalytic cycle oils, light catalytic cycle oils, lube oils,
gas oils, and thermally cracked residues. The light catalytic cycle oils
represent a heavy material somewhat comparable in molecular weight to
diesel fuel, and is the fraction produced by catalytic cracking which is
immediately below the heavy catalytic cycle oil in boiling point. Regard-
less of the method whereby the aromatic or naphthenic oils are obtained
it will be generally preferred that they have the following physical
properties:
boiling range of 260 to 550 at 760 mm. Hg.
specific gravity of 0.93 to 1.11 at 60/60F.
refractive index of 1.50 to 1.68 at 20C.
Thus, particular useful oils are as follows: a Furfural extract of petro-
leum refinery heavy catalytic cycle oil having the following properties:
specific gravity C60~60F~ 1.07
~037706
.
boiling range, 95-260C at 2 mm Hg.
refractive index ~20C) 1.64
A select cut of a furfural extract of a heavy petroleum lube oil having
the following properties:
boiling range 187-208C at lO mm Hg.
specific gravity 1.04 (60)F.
refractive index (20C) 1.625. ~;
Well head crude oils may also be used.
The useful materials of this invention generally are comprised
of from 10 to about 90% by weight of the petroleum derived oil and from
about 90 to 10% by weight of a urethane polymer. However, for most
applications the preferred compositions are those comprised of from 10
to about 50% by weight of urethane polymer.
The most useful compositions of the present invention are
comprised of approximately from 20 to 40% by weight of the petroleum
derived oil and 80 to 60% by weight of a urethane polymer.
The amount of reflecting agent incorporated into the composition
may vary widely. However, relatively small amounts are required, about
one pound of agent in a composition is sufficient to cover a conventional
sized runway or airstrip. Similarly the amount of the composition to be
applied to a substrate will depend upon the ultimate use, weight to be
supported, etc.
The method of preparing the composition of the present invent-
ion comprises intimately mixing the petroleum derived oil and a urethane
polymer or urethane polymer forming materials.
Generally this will be carried out by comingling the petroleum
1~ ~ a~
~Ll derived oil and urethane polymer or polymer forming materialsi~}~ then
allowing the reaction mass to set. The mixing of these components may
be carried out at virtually any temperature though generally ambient temp-
erature C2Q to 4QC) are preferred from a practical standpoint. HoweverJ
'`' .
'
--6--
1037706
`; elevated temperatures may be used. The curing of the petroleum derived ;
oil urethane polymer compositions is carried out at temperatures ranging
from ambient temperatures up to and including temperatures as high as
125C and higher. Generally, the higher the temperature, the more rapid
is the curing.
Other aspects, objects, and advantages of this invention will ~ `
: be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed
description thereof.
According to one feature of the invention, a thermally insulat-
ing and reflecting oil-modified polyurethane composition is provided com-
prising a polyurethane prepolymer, an effective amount of an e.m. radiat-
ion or heat-reflecting agent, an appropriate curing catalyst for the pre-
polymer capable of converting the prepolymer into a resin and a selected
amount of a petroleum derived oil as defined above. The resulting oil-
modified polyurethane compositions are relatively inexpensive, able to
withstand exposure to the sun's rays without deterioration, high or low
temperatures without buckling or cracking, flexible, resilient, exhibit
great compressive strength and tensile strength, can be easily sawed,
drilled, nailed or screwed and may be readily joined to existing
structure. The polyurethane compositions are waterproof and able to
withstand the effects of acids, oils and corrosive solvents.
Polyurethane prepolymers are the condensates resulting from,
for example, the reaction of a polyhydroxylated alkane with an excess
of an aromatic or aliphatic di- or poly-isocyanate at temperatures
ranging from about 50-120C for 1/2 to 4 hours. The condensation react-
ion can be conducted in the presence of an inert solvent or the solvent
can be dispensed with. Suitable polyhydroxylated alkanes have from 2-8
free hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of between 200-1,000. An
excess of diisocyanate in an amount over and above the quantity is
required by stoichometry to react with each of the free hydroxyl groups
- "
` 1037~06
of the polyhydroxylated reactant. A catalyst may not be necessary for
the condensation reaction because of the high reactivity of the react-
ants. In order to produce a prepolymer having long-term stability, it
is desirable to have a slight acidity. Control of the acidity can be
achieved by methods known in the art.
Among the many polyhydroxylated reactants which may be used
are the carbohydrates, glycols and polyglycols including the tri-,
tetr-, pent-, hex-, hept- and octols and their derivatives. More
specifically, suitable polyhydroxylated reactants include ethylene, pro-
pylene and butylene glycols, hexanediol, methylhexanediol, diethylene
glycol, glycerol, trimethyol ethane, trimethylol propane, 1,2,4-tri-
hydroxyl-butane triethanolamine, 4-methyl, 3-cyclohexene, l,l-dimethanol,
pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose, and methyl glucoside.
Polyesters may also be used for reaction with the poly-
cyanates. Suitable polyesters may be obtained from polyfunctional
acids and polyols such as the adipates, succinates, sebacates, azelates
and phthalates as well as pentaerythritol, xylitol and sorbitol. It is
desirable that the polyols have a hydroxyl number of at least 250 and
preferably at least 350.
The isocyanate co-reactant of the polyurethane prepolymer
- component can be aromatic, aliphatic, heterocyclic or cyclic. Among
the satisfactory di-isocyanates that can be used are: hexyl and octyl
diisocyanate, tetramethylene, tetraethylene, pentamethylene, octamethylene,
and dodecamethylene diisocyanates, 3,3-diisocyanate dipropylether, cyclo-
- hexyl diisocyanates, the xylylene diisocyanates, diphenylmethane 4,4'-
diisocyanate, B,B'-diphenylpropane 4,4'-diisocyanate unadecamethylene
; diisocyanates, methaphenyl diisocyanate, p-phenyl diisocyanate, l-methyl
phenylene 2, 4-diamine naphthalene 1, 4-diisocyanate, 2,8 and 2,6-toluene
diisocyanate, 1,3,5-benzene triisocyanate, tetrahydrofurfuryl diisocyanate,
4-chloro-1, 3 penylene diisocyanate, 4,4-biphenylene diisocyanate, 1,5-
.
i 1037706 ~
naphthalene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene
bis-(cyclohexyl-isocyanate), and polyarylpolyisocyanate, and mixtures
thereof.
Because of availability, the preferred diisocyanate reactants
are the aryl isocyanates such as ben~ene, toluene, xylene, di- and poly-
isocyanates.
To the polyurethane prepolymer is added a suitable catalyst.
Catalysts for these polyurethane prepolymers are well known in the art
and include compounds such as bisrnuth nitrate, lead tertiary-ethylhexo-
ate, lead ben~oate, lead oleate, sodiumtrichlorophenate, tetrabutyl-
titanate, ferric chloride, stannous octoate, stannous oleate, butyltin-
trichloride and tertiary amines such as triethylene diamine. Many other
- catalysts are known in the art for this purpose.
In equal amount with oil it is found that the composition can
be made soft and ductile by using lesser amounts of catalyst. One test
was conducted with only about five drops of the catalyst in one gallon
of oil at approximately seventy degrees F. The material throughout
became like a heavy gum in about four hours.
It is a feature of this invention that a heat-reflecting agent
incorporated in the above-described oil modified polyurethane prepolymer
composition can be compatible with the various types of hydrocarbonaceous
oils which may be used. It has been found that a preferred heat-
reflecting agent is 4,4'-bis (3 phenyl-ureido)-2,2' stilbenedisulfonic
acid. This chemical is found as the active ingredient in heat-reflect-
ing agents sold commercially under the Trade Marks Pontamine and
Calcofluor; (see British Patent 683,895, German Patent 746,569 and French
Patent 878,155). The materials are of the general class of substances
of the formula:
~ N \
- Ar N - G - X
N
_g_
,, , . : : ,: , .
1~)3770~
wherein Ar is an aromatic group linked to the triazole group by two
adjacent carbon atoms and G is an aromatic group which in combination
with the two groups attached imparts substantivity whereas X is an
aromatic group which is linked to G by means of a heterocyclic system
such as:
/ N~
-N ¦ or -C ¦
N- S-
said compound carrying sulfonic acid groups and being substantive towards
the said material.
The heat-reflecting compounds may be derived from amines such
as dihydrothiotoluidine sulphonic acid, benzidine or diaminostilbenedi-
sulphonic acid. Examples of the compounds are 4,4'-bis-(5'-sulphonaptho-
1', 2' : 4,5-triazolyl-(2))-stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid; 2-~4'-(5'-
sulphonaptho-l', 2' : 4,5-triazolyl-(2))-phenyl)-6-methylbenzthiazole
sulphonic acid. The compounds derived from stilbene are distinguished
by a particular strength. The compounds in question may be obtained by
diazotising or tetrazotising the said amines in the usual manner, coupling
the diazo or tetrazo compounds with amines, which couple in a position
adjacent to the amino group -- for instance with 2-amino napthalene or
its sulphonic acids or their substitution products, with esters or arylides
of 3-amino crotonic acid -- and converting the orthoamino azo compounds
thus obtained in known manner into the triazoles.
Foaming or blowing agents may be also incorporated into the
admixture of reactants whenever appropriate.
Foaming agents useful in the practice of the invention include
low-boiling compounds such as CCC13F, CC12FCClF2, CClF2CClF2, CBrF2CBrF2
and mixtures thereof. Any substance that will cause foaming of the pre-
polymer components and their curing systems can be employed. These include
water, inert ~ases, and solids. The gaseous group of foaming agents
.
' ;~ ,
-10-
~ \
10377~6
... . .
- includes azo, diazo or other nitrogen containing foaming agents. When
a solid is used as the foaming agent, the decomposition temperature of
the solid must be exceeded by the temperature of the composition during
the mixing and application thereof.
A unicelled foam of the composition can be formed by the
addition of the foaming agents or water depending on the type of oils
being used, as for instance, when using number six bunker fuel as an
oil the use of water works well as a foaming agent. The foaming agents
can also be introduced in the form of gases. Nitrogen may be used very
effectively. A large mass of the polyurethane composition can be made
to foam in water, allowed to set, and then more composition can be made
into foam alongside of the original mass, all underwater. Both
masses of foam so made may be subsequently joined together. The foam -~ -
so made is all of unicelled construction and because of its very light
weight it has a very high bouyancy factor. The cell size of the foam is
controlled by the amount of foaming agent used. The foam can also be
; made to resist fire or burning by the addition of a fire retardant. The
percentage to be applied to the composition being about the same as for
the material when used for other purposes than as a foam. As the mass
of foam joins together underwater as well as above water one mass is formed
against another which is already formed, it is possible to thus build a
large floating mass which can be used to support structures of almost any
type.
In its process aspects, it has been determined that the best
method of application is to spray the material, as for instance, for the
use on roadways, runways, embankments, dams, tunnels, beams, subways,
mineshafts, canals, penstocks. Other applications include areas such
as a tarmac, heliport, floors to replace concrete in buildings such as
in a hanger or storage yards and numerous other applications where the
composition can be allo~ed to soak into the material to be hardened or
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sealed. ~037706 ~:
When used, as for instance, to build walls, pipe such as sewer or
water pipes or any other type of construction where forms have to be used
the curing of the composition should be retarded by using less catalyst
to thereby retard the setting rate of the composition thus allowing time
for handling.
When used as a paint, the composition could also be sprayed
on through a mixing nozzle whereby the oil containing the catalyst is
mixed with the prepolymer only moments before it hits the surface to be
painted. Underwater surfaces can best be painted through the brush or
roller method. The composition adheres readily to a wet surface. From
experience, it has been found that a surface painted with the present
composition and subjected to conditions whereby barnacles normally attached
themselves remained free of barnacle formation.
The economics of using the composition of this invention
especially in remote areas is of great importance because all materials
at hand may be used as filler, including gravel, unwashed sand, shales,
stone fragments, muskeg, common dirt, straw, wood fibers, sawdust, cloth,
fiberglass, wood chips, broken glass, concrete and brick fragments,
shredded tires and metal as well as mixtures of various combinations of
the above outlined fillers.
It is well known that structures exposed to the rays of the sun
may absorb solar rays and rise above ambient temperature. For example,
dark colored objects such as asphalt pavement as well as objects which
are enclosed structures will rise above ambient temperature when exposed
to the sun's energy. Other structures such as buildings may rise above
ambient temperature due to activities within the building. In any case,
infrared radiation from objects above ambient temperature may cause thaw-
ing of the permafrost and consequent damage to the ecology and environ-
ment of the area.
-12-
lV377~6
The present invention is particularly useful for application
in areas where the ecology or environment may be damaged or hurt, as for
instance, in the building of roads, pipelines, berms, runways for aircraft,
; tarmacs, building foundations or when it is necessary to remove or cut
through hills or places where permafrost is present or in the placing of
piling into permafrost. In fact, the invention is applicable in any place
on permafrost where a structure or an installation or any type of construct-
ion is required without thawing of the permafrost. It has been found
that damage can be prevented to the ecology and/or environment by the
addition of a reflective agent to the composition to thereby reflect the
ultra-violet and infrared rays from the sun. The roadway, runway, tarmac
or other structures coated with the composition of the invention do not
absorb sufficient heat to melt the permafrost beneath it and thereby
- prevent the ecological and environmental damage, which is now caused when
the surface of the tundra is disturbed. It has been found that when the
reflective agent is added to the resin composition and the composition
used in construction or applied to an existing structure, roadbed, run-
way, tarmac, or area of gravel, sand, or asphalt, the heat from the sun's
rays is not absorbed and therefore the permafrost is not disturbed beneath
or alongside of the test areas.
The composition of this invention when subjected to the heat-
thaw cycle for a twenty-eight day test did not show signs of deteriorat-
ion, discoloration, cracking or deformation in any way and it had the
same strength as before being subjected to the heat-thaw cycle test.
When the reflective agent is used with the urethane composition, the
deterioration effects of sunlight on the urethanes, paints, or asphalt
or on any other substance where infrared rays cause damage and to which
the composition can be applied is almost nullified.
When ultra-violet or infrared light is reflected from any
surface ~-hich ha5 ~een treated with the reflective agent in the composit- ~-
-13-
` 10377~6
'
ion, the surface appears white. Therefore runways, roadways, areas, build-
ings or any structure painted or coated with the reflective agent in the
composition would become illuminated at night through reflection. It is
not necessary to treat the entire volume of composition used, only the
surface layer need be treated unless the surface is subjected to very
severe wear, in which case, the reflective agent should penetrate so as
to allow for wear. When used in a paint, it should be incorporated
throughout the volume or mixture. The quantity of the reflective agent
to be used is relatively small. About one pound of the agent is
sufficient to treat the composition necessary to cover an area of 200
- feet wide by 6,000 feet long at a thickness of about 1/4 to 1/2 an inch.
The ultra-violet and infrared rays are then totally reflected.
It has been further established that when the reflective
agent was applied to an area of runway, the heat waves normally visible
on a hot day are not present over the treated area and the area is cold
to the touch. The untreated area is quite warm, in fact, the surface is
soft because of the heat absorbed.
. .~
Temperature of course affects composition setting rate. The
;~ warmer the components are, say up to 125F, the faster they will set. It
is therefore desirable in cold or subzero temperatures, to heat the oils
being used to make the composition to thereby increase the setting rate.
The warm composition also has a tendency to increase the bond strength
between a substrate and the composition.
Further details of this invention will be apparent from the
following illustrative examples.
EXAMPLE I
PREPARATION OF A REPRESENTATIVE
POLYURETHANE PREPOLYMER
A polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by reacting tolylene di-
cas 7Lor
isocyanate ~60~20 type) ~ith a commercially available polymerized castor
-14-
:
1~)37706
oil. The polymerized castor oil is obtained by methods known in the art
and has an estimated molecular weight of approximately 1040, a hydroxyl
number of about 151, isocyanate equivalent weight 346, acid value 11,
density at 25C .0980 g./cm., viscosity at 25C is approxima~ely 3,000
centipoises. The prepolymer has a viscosity at 25C of 5 poises, a density
at 25 of 9.2 lbs./gal., NCO content 13.7% and an equivalent weight per NCO
of 30.6.
EXAMPLE II
PREPARATION OF A REPRESENTATIVE OIL CATALYST
SYSTEM WITH A HEAT-REFLECTING AGENT
- ~
In this example, a commercially available amine catalyst for
polyurethanes was used. It is essentially triethylene diamine. A 10
parts by weight portion of the triethylene diamine is thoroughly mixed
with 120 parts by weight of a furfural extract of a petroleum rçfinery
heavy catalytic cycle oil having the following properties: specific gravity
(60F/60F) 1.07, boiling range 95-260C at 2 mm Hg, refractive index
(20C) 1.64. From 5 to 10 parts of the heat-reflecting agent, 4,4'-bis-
~3 phenylureido)-2,2' stilbenedisulfonic acid may be used.
It should be noted that in place of the petroleum fractions
mentioned above there may be used instead a furfural extract of a heavy
petroleum lube oil having the following properties: boiling range 187-
208C at 10 mm Hg, specific gravity 1.04 (60F), refractive index (20C)
1.625. This oil is mainly aromatic.
EXAMPLE III
FORMATION OF AN OIL MODIFIED
POLYURETHANE COMPOSITION
Equal weights of the curing system-oil component and the poly-
urethane prepolymer which were described above in Examples I and II, are
mixed by hand for 30 seconds until a uniform mixture is obtained. The mix- -
ture is applied by spraying to a strip of sand or other material which may
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