Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
10404Sl
This $nv~ntion relates generally to ~oil improve-
ment and relates in particular to a proces~ for the
production of active ~ulti-purpo-e granules and pell-
ets exhibiting dual slo~-release characteristic-, for
U~Q in ~oil-benefic~ting and ~oil-control application~.
Slo~ rel-as- fertiliz-r~ are d veloped ~ainly to
increas- the efficiency of nutrient use by plants. Effic-
iency can b defined ln term~ of plant phy~iology and
crop quality, fertilizer nutri-nt recov~ry, and con-
o~ic~ of u~.
Fro~ the vie~point of i~proving nutrient recovery by
plant~, th thr~e ~ain advantage- cited ~or s~o~-releaa-
fertllirers are~ (i) r duction of nutrient 108- ~ia l-ach-
ing and runoff~ (ii) reduction of ch ~ical and biological
iaooblli~ation r~action~ in ~oil- ~hich cau-e plant-unav-
ailable for~c~ and, for nitrogen, (iii) reduction of rapid
nitrification and nitrogen lo-- through a~onia volatiliz-
at~on and d~trification. Oth r advantag ~ ~ay b ~ d~
uction of ed and se-dling da~age from high local con-
centrations of salt-, r duction of leaf burn fro~ heavy
rate- of f-rtilizer ~urface appli¢d, improv-d crop qual-
ity, better ~-a~onal di~tribut$on of gro~th (e.g. forage~,
incr a-~d t~idua~ value, bett~r econoay of u8e, improved
torage and handling propertie-, and product different-
iation r~ulting in improv~d mark t pot-ntial.
R-search on lo~-release fertilizer ~ources falls into
t~o broad categorie-~ the synthe~is of nitrogen co~pounds
~ith desired solubility characteri~tic~ and the applic-
104~451
at$on of protective coatings on soluble nitrogen fert-
ilizers Examples of syntheaized compounds that *i~-oI~e
slo~ly are urea-formaldehyde product6, isobutylidene diu-
rea, and crotonylidene diurea. The relatively high cost
of the~e products tends to li~it their consuoption to
~pecialty uee~.
~ evelopment of efficient and econo~ic slo~-releas- nit-
rogen fertilizera has been high on the priority list of
mo-t ma~or fertilizer co~paniea for o~e time.
Th- f rtllizer diviaion of the United Kingdom'~
larg -t ch-mical company inv~stigated a number of pot-
ntial lo~-release nitrog n mat-riala at th~ir main
r --arch tation S veral material~ ~ere found to have
a potentlal u-e on certain crop~ in -lect-d aroa-, ho~-
v-r, a mat~rial ~hich ~ould be acc-ptabl- for g n-ral
u-- in th- U.K prov~d lu-lve.
If plant uae of nutrient can be improv-d by accurate
control of nutrient upply, th n control of relea-e ia
de-lrabl . Daprov~ent of fertilizer recovery through
control of nutrient tran~formation proce--e- in Oil,
~ay r quir onl~ ~lo~d or delay~d r l-a--, often ~ithin
broad limit-.
Broadly p~aking the present invention has t~o
important a-p cta m e first i~ that the ~oil i~provement
granule- of the invention are procQs-ed to improv~ their
ad~orpti~e capacity to the extent of up to lOOX of their
o~n ~ ight, prior to being impregnated ~ith active ingred-
1040451
ient~ me other aspect ~s that the ad~orptive granulesof the product after impregnation ~ith active ingredient6
may s-rve as ~lo~-relea~e products ~ithout further treat-
~ent, or ~ay be pelletized to provide a product ~hich
exhibits dual slo~-relea~e characteri-tics
~ t i~ the prime object of the presont invention to
provide a proce-- for the production of active lo~-rel-
a~e granul~s i~pregnated ~ith soil- beneficiating or
soil-control ingr~dient~, and to pro~ide a variety of
lo~-rel~a-e granular product~ th r froa exhibiting
differing functional prop~rtie-.
A furth r ob~ect of the invention iB to provide a
proce-~ for the production of a oil-ben ficiating or
oll-control p~llet containing therein activ~ ~lo~-
r l-a-- gr nul~- of a d -ired activ- ingredient cont-nt
or a compo-ition of the acti~s granul-- contalning diff-
ring activo ingrodient- th rein, for~Nlated to ef~ect
th tr at~ nt r~quir d of th pell-tiz-d product and
pro~ide dual lo~-relea-e o~ th active ingr di nts
ther ~ro~.
Anoth r ob~ect i- to pro~ide a proc a~ for the prod-
uction o~ a pell-t in ~hich a favor bl~ nviron~nt ay
b~ pro~id-d ther in for th tarting, u-taining and
gro~th of e-d- or e-dling- ~hich ~ay ba ncap ulat d
therein.
Anoth~r pri~e obj ct i- to provid~ a procesJ for the
production pelleted granular lo~-r l-a~- product~ in a
controll-d rel-a~o binder ~hich include- either a ~olubl-
bind~r, a oluble and insoluble binder ~ulaion, and an
in~oluble binder.
-4-
~040451
Other objects and advantageJ will become apparent
from the follo~ing de~cription of the invention and
in the appendQd claims.
The value of fertilizers to promote plant growth in
arable lands is well kno~n, and such fertilizer elements
are in u~e in all part~ of the ~orld.
Natural eontrol~, such as ~eather, inseet diseases,
and ins et parasite~, greatly influenee in-eet popul-
ation bu~ eannot be depended upon in our food produetion
~ffort. Man-made or applied eontrol- ar~ u~ually r~quired.
~oth natural and appli-d methods are ineluded in any
in -et eontrol progra~ ~hich then beco~es in~et popul-
ation ~anage~ nt. Rarely do ~e eon ider ehemieal eontrol
; a- p n~an nt, inaeetieid~a or ehe~ieal control eo~ into
u-e ~h n all other method- of tr at~ent have fail-d, 80
that their u-e i- rather a control a~t-r th- problam
ha~ app ar d.
; Th- ei nee of ~ ed control u-$ng ch ~ieal- i- eo~p-
; arati~ly ree nt, but i~ no~ a ~ore ~idely u-ed ~ethod
of eontrol than in-eetlcide- for in -et eontrol Man
tart-d out by hand-pulling ~aed-, lat-r he de~lop d
erud tool-, u-ed animal~ after h don -t$eat~d the~,
u~ d ~aehin~- about 250 y-ar~ ago, but did not naXe
ext-nei~ u-e of eleetiv~ herbieid-~ until about 30
year ago
H~rbieide- ean be ela~-ified as seleetive or non-
eleetive, but thi~ ~ill vary ~ith applieation rate.A eleeti~ herbieid- i- mor~ toxie to O~R plant peeie~
- s -
than to others Thu~ ~ee~ 4y o~en be controlled
~ithout significant damage to the crop by Jelect~ve
herbicidal action. A nonselective herbicide i~ tox$c
to plant- generally ~ithout regard to type Herbicide~
are either oil appl$ed or foliar applied and ar- taken
up by the root and/or the ~hoot
A~ ~aa aforementioned if the plant uae of nutrient~
and other 60il improve~ent or control agents can be
i~prov d by the accurate control of the ource of
upply, then control of relea~e i- de-irable.
A contr~lled or ~lo~ r lease product ahould avoid
cr~ating its o~n problem~, uch a- allo~ing the quick
r l a-e of ~aa~i~e dos - of nutrlent or control ag nt
into the oil, to th detri~nt of all for~ of oll
lif-. If a alo~ rel-a-e product ~ere produc-d, ~ith
built-ln afeguard- against the accldental quick r l a-e
of the afor~aaid ~a~-ive doa-s of control ub tancea,
it ~ould con titute a ao~t ad~antag ou Joil b~n fic-
iating product.
~any ao-called ~lo~ releaJe fertilizer or oil amend-
lng product- hav~ b~en propo- d or are in use today, and
ar in gr-at de~and Unfortunately, th lr lo~-r l-a-e
characteri-tic-,and their high content of activ ingr d-
ient-, can ~ak the u-- of the pQll-t or granule carriera
th r~of, harmful to the 80il b cause of their abradability
in handling and uae, ~hich re-ulta in the rupturing of
the outer coating of the carrier and con~equently the
accid ntal quick rel-aae of the active ingr di nt- th r in
-6-
~040451
Mhny treatment~ of ~er~ilizers have been con~idered
by th art ~$thin a lo~-rel~a~e conte~t. contaln~ent
of ol~d urea ln a ~olid paraffin ~ax is de~crib~d in
U S Patent- 3,192,032 and 3,192,033 and again ln U.S.
P~tent 3,205,061. A U.S. Patent No. 3,264,088 de~c~ibe-
a ~ethod of providing a olo~ relea~e fertilizer gran~le
~lthin ~poxy r ~in coatlng a- do - U.S. Patent No.
3,264,089. A further coat-d f~rtill~r co~posltlon
ncao-d ln a ~ax i- d~ocribed in U.S Pat-nt No. 3,192,
Q31. Anoth-r f rtlllz-r p llot nclo-~d ~ithin ~lth r,
a p trol u~ ~ax, a petrol-u~ a-phalt or a petrol~u~
r eln i- d--crib d in U.S Patent No. 3,219,433. It i8
al-o ~no~n that ulphur-coat-d ur~a i- belng u-~d a- a
lo~-r l a-- f-rtill~-r product ~All-n, S. E., C M.
Runt, and a. L. T-r~an. 1971. ~Nltrog n r l-a-e fro~
ulphur-~oat-d ur a, a- a~f ct-d b~ coatlng ~ ight,
plac nent and to~peratur . Agron. J. 63~ S29-533.).
Unfortunat-l~, th~ product- are ub~ ct to th a~e
ff ct-, n~elr that th- fertill~-r can be r~l-a--d
lo~l~ into th oll undor ld al conditlon of handling,
applic tion and u ag~ of th prod~ct, but th y u~or
fro~ th- afor ~ention d li~iting factor
~ It i- tho pri~ purpo-- of thi- ln~ention to r~ove
th ~afore~Qntion d dioadvantagez a-sociat-d ~ith th
u-e of lo~-rel a-~ f-rtilizer and oth~r ~oil ben fic-
iatlng lo~-r l a-e granule- or p ll~t-~ br pro~iding a
4~ilt-ln p r~an nt afe-guard ther fro~ in th~ granule or
pe~l~eti~ed product.
~040451
The proce-s of the present in~ention, therefore,
provide~ a ~ethod o~ producing 80il beneficiating and
80il control active granule~ and pelletized products
therefro~, comprising selocted and activated adeorbent-
coal particle~ impregnated ~ith a d--ir~d ~oil-b-nefic-
iating or soil-control ingredient ~h rein each i~pr~g-
nated coal particle becomes a slo~-relea-e active granule.
In practice, the proc~r of tho in~ntion pro~ld
a ~ thod of producing active ~ranul~r product- each
i~pr~nated ~ith a dlrfering activ- oll-b n~ficiating
; or oil-control ingr di nt and u-ing cither o~ the prod-
uctr alone or in co~bination az ~ay be r~qulr d, as ~lo~-
rel-aJ- active-granul - in oil tr at~nt application ,
or, u~ing one ~elect~d active granular product alon~
or a o-lect-d coabin~tion th r of ncap ulated by a
oluble, olubl- and in olubl- enul-ifi d or ~n inJol-
ubl- hydrocarbon Zolid b-~d~r ~ithin a p lletiz~d prod-
uct ther of. Th r by pro~idlng a oil-tr atm-nt p ll-t-
iz-d product having th r in a pluralit~ of both th
d -ired activ- -lo~-r l a-e granul-- ther in and contr-
oll-d lo~-r l-a-- characteri-tlc-.
A co l ~aterial i- -lectcd by t -t from the group
con ioting of ~itu~inoua Coal, ~ro~n Coal, Lignit- coal
or ~Q-t-- th-refrom, ~hich exhib$t und r ~icro-copic x-
a~ination of thin coal ~octlon-, a removable conc ntrat-
ion of coal chemical~ and cry tal~ th ~ on. Th -l cted
coal ~ample i- treated to ro~ove coal ch ~ical- and cry -
tals ther from by an artificial ~eathering proc-dur- in-
volving boiling th~ coal ample in ~at-r for from about
5 to 30 ~inute~, or bathlng thc coal ample in ~team, or
~a~hing th coal a~pl- ~ith olv~nt olutions cho~-n
frD~ th claaa conai-ting of eithor hot or
10404Sl
cold ~ater, an HCl acid wash, an NaOH baJe ~ash or a
ba-e then acid ~a-h Then drying th~ coal sample~ prior
to testing the coal~ to determine their ad~orptive capab-
ility, at a temperature o~ from about 100C to 200C
for a uf~icient p~riod o~ time to effect the removal
o~ its mol~ture content and/or ~a~ily volatlliz~d-coa
ubstance~ or ga~es, or from about 1 to 10 hour~.
m-n ~el-cting by test the i~proved ad-orptiv~ coal
hav$ng the gr ate-t affinity for th~d~irad oil b n f-
iciating ag ntJ, then cru-hing, pulv~rizing and cre~n-
ing the ~elected coal- to provide a r quir~d quantity
o~ ad-orbent coal particle~ in ~hich the maxi~u~ si~e
i- that pa~-ing through a standard 200 m Jh ~ize ~cr en.
m r~after ~ub~cting the -200 ~e-h iz~ ad-orbant coal
particl-- to the afor~-aid artificial ~ ath-ring proc dur
and th n drying tho r~ultant product of pulverlzing and
~athering a- de-cribed her~tofor .
Then dividing th product of pulv~ri~ing and ~eath ring
into a de~ir d numb r of tockpile-, and th~n impr g-
nating th ad~orb nt coal particl-- of ach tockpile
-parately ~ith a diff-rent oil b~neficiating or control
ag~nt at eith-r roo~ or elevated t-mp~raturc- and pr~
r~, and in unconfined or pr --urized container or
v -ael-, ~ith the dc-ired soil beneficiating or control
ag nt in pr~det-n~ined amount~ thereof, to provide a
re-ultant product th refro~ ~herein ach impr gnated
particl- xhibit~ ~ividual lo~ r lea-- charact-ri~tic~.
104~451
In accordance ~ith the present invention the aforo-
said impregnated coal granule~ containing the de~ired
soil-beneficiating or soil-control ingredient therein
or co~po-ition~ thereof, exhibiting in combination
diff~ring functional properties therefro~, are uocd
as a dusting agent, in slurry ~orm, or in pelletized
for~ to pro~id- dual ~lo~-rel-a-e protection ther~fro~.
In practic~, the proce~s of producing activ~ lo~-
r lea-e granules and p~llets co~pri-e- th~ pro~ision
of a pre-treat~ent tage for the pr~paration of the
ad-orbent granul~- of coal and their ub~equent i~p-
r~gnation ~ith th de-ir~d acti~ in~redi~nt-, ~h rein
th r~ ultant product i~ a lo~-r~l a-- activ- gr~nule~
~hich i- -ho~n ~ F~t~ -Clai~ 1 , and ~hcrein,
ln 4 ub -qu nt ction- of th Clai~ l, ara ho~n th~
P 1~ tizing tage- r~quirad to provid differing cont-
roll-d r~l-a-e prop rtl-~ to the p~lletized dual lo~-
rel-a-~ product. In accordanc ~Ith th present lnvon-
tlon th~ proc -~ for producing p~lletl~ed product- fro~
th activ~ lo~-rel-a-e granules con~i-t- of ~ixing
tho de-ircd for~ulation of tho activ~ lo~-r~l a-c gran-
ulo- ~lth a suitablc binder cho-on from th cla-- of
olubl or ln~olublo organic or $norganlc bind rs, or
co~blnation th-r of. Thc blndor for xampl-, may co~pr-
i-e a ~at~r- oluble starch-for~ing nat-rial chor-n from
tho cla-- con i-ting of ~h at flour, corn flour, ry
flour, rl~ flour, oy b~an flour, or potato flour, or
an mul-lon form d from ~atcr--olublo ~tarch and a
~at-r-in~oluble hydrocarbon, cho--n fro- th cla-- con-
i-tin~ of a p~trol~um a-phalt, a p troleum ~ax,and a
p trol um rc-ln4 or an in~olubl~ h~drocarbon ~olid~
--10--
~0404Sl
choaen fro~ the class consiating of a petroleum asphalt,
a petroleum wax, and a p~troleum re-in. ~herein~
~1) A dual ~lo~-relea-e pelletized product i8 prod-
uced having an environ~ent th-rein favorable to ~tart,
au-tain and gro~ ~eed- or seedlinga ~hich ~ay be encap-
~ulat~d th~rein ~hich consists of a Relect-d formul-
ation o~ gro~th stimulating actl~ lo~-relea~- granul~
-eda or acedlin4 ~ithin a ~ter oluble bind-r. The
bind~r for -xa~pl~, ~ay co~pri-e tarchrfo~ingflour~
- 10 ~ix~d dry ~ith th ~ ct~d activ~-coal granula~ed-prod-
d~ct and then ~or~d into a p~ate ~hil- being ad~ixed
~ith the granule- and a ufficient aaount of ~ater to
gelat$n$ze th ~heat flour,and fon~ing a atarch-granulo
~i~ture th~r-fro~. The a~ount o~ ~heat ~lour r~quir~d
a- co~par~d ~ith th~ actlv- granulat-d product, dep~nd-
on th- t~p of coal ~aterl Ir ua-d, and i- in th rang-
o~ fro~ akDut 2 to 2SX by ~eig~t, and th anount or ~at-r
r quired to g latiniz- th ~h at flour i~ in th range
of fro~ about 10 to 25X by ~aight b~-ed on th a~ount
of th activ~ granule- b~ing u~-d, an a~ount of about
16X ~at-r ha~ b~-n found to b v~ry ati-factory Thc
-od~ or -edling~ ar lncorporat-d in thc tarch and
acti~ granul~ ~lxturo car fully aa ~ay b~ d~-irabl-
and th-n th mix d product contalning th~ ~ d- or
~ dling- th r in ar~ ~old d car fullr to for~ p llet-
th~r fro~, and th~ p llati~ d product- ar~ th~n dri d
by air d Qing or other uitabl~ _an .
0'40451
For the purpose of the present invention it should be
evident to those skilled in the art that the advantages
to be gained from the use of an active slow-release
granule provided with a plurality of protective coatings
in a pelletized form, and the finding that water-soluble
~tarch-forming flour when used either alone or as an
emulsion in combination with an insoluble hydrocarbon
solid provides a far stronger pelleted product therefrom
than the use of a hydrocarbon solid alone, greatly
increases its potential for use and application, and is
therefore fully intended to fall within the ~cope of
the present invention, as is claimed hereafter.
(2) In the preparation of a slow-release pelletized
product containing therein the desired soil-beneficiating
or soil-control active granules or formulated compo~itions
thereof, the pelletizing binder and the method of
preparation is as was described in (1) on page 10 of this
disclosure.
(3) In the preparation of a slow-release pelletized
product containing therein the desired soil-beneficiating
or soil-control active granules or formulated compositions
thereof and whioh exhibits water-resistant characteristics,
the method of said PreParation is as described in the
following examPle. ~he pelletizing binder i8 prepared as
an emulsion formed from two separate binders con~isting
of (a) a water-soluble starch-forming solid and water and,
(b) an insoluble hydrocarbon solid in a molten state.
~ ~inder (a) is prepared by making a hot paste of said
- starch-forming solid selected
-12-
1040451
from the class consisting of starch forming solids
including wheat flour, corn flour, rye flour, rice flour,
80y bean flour and potato flour and a sufficient amount
of water to gelatinize the flour. The amount of water
needed to gelatinize the flour i8 in the range of from
about 10 to 25X, very satisfactory results may be obtained
by the use of 16X water with the flour. m e second binder
(b) i5 prepared from a water-insoluble hydrocarbon solid,
which i8 heated to a molten ~tate at a temperature of
from about 275 to 325F and i8 then added to the binder
(a) consisting of the hot paste of gelatinized starch-
flour and water and mixed therewith. It has been found
that an excess of starch ae compared with the hydro-
carbon content of the emulsion thereof iB beneficial for
the eventual pelletized product, and is in the range of
from about 10 to 50X more starch. The desired BOil-
beneficiating or ~oil-control active-granules or formul-
ated compositions thereof chosen from the class coneisting
of fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, insecticides,
promotors, inhibitors or biological and elemental control
ingredients are then incorporated into the Qmulsion by
mixing. m e amount of the emulsified binder required to
pelletize the active granules is in the range of from
about 25 to 50X by weight. The emulsified mixture of act-
ive granules and binder is then formed into pellets by
commercially available devices and then dried. ~he result-
ant product of pelletization consists of active slow-
release granules within a number of water-PrOofed coat-
ings, providing thereby pellets with controlled slow-
reIea~e characteristics.
104i)451
(4) me follo~ing example sho~s ho~ a co~pl~tel~y
~ater-proof pellet containing active slo~-relea~e
~oil-b~neficiating or actiw soil-control granules
therein i~ prepared, by ~ean~ of a ~ater-in oluble
hydrocarbon ~olid. The proce-- for th~ preparation
and production of ~ater-proof p llot- ~hich exhibit
a ~ultiplicity of lo~-relea-~ charactor$stic~ and
prot-ctlon th~r~by against any ~a--i~e r~l~as~ of th
activ~ $ngr~di~nt- th~rein involvs- formin~ a pell~t
~ith ~el~ct-d active granuleo or fon~u~ated co~po~it-
ion ther~of di~tribut~d ther~through, ~her~in th~
acti~ granul-- hav- i~pregnated th r in oil-b~n~f-
iciating or ~oil-control ingr~di~nt- ~lect~d fro~
th cla-- con~i-ting of fortlliz~r , h~rbicid -, p~-t-
icid~-, inJ~cticldo-, pro~otor~, inhlb$tor , or biol-
ogical and ~l~m~ntal control ingr~di nt~, and th~n
ixlng tho ~1 ct~d activ- qr nul - or fon~ulat~d
co~po-ltlon ~ith a ~at-r-$n olubl- hydrocarbon ol$d
~l-ct-d fro~ th~ cla-- con i-ting of a p trol-ur a-p-
halt, a p trol-u~ ~ax, and a p~trol ua r -in ground to
a fin~ po~der prior to ~$xing ~ith th activ- granule-.
Th a~ount of th hydrocarbon olid ln po~d r for~ pr --
ont ar ~o~pared to tho act$v~ granul-- i- $n th rang
of fro~ about S to 30X by ~ ight. m ~$xtur- i- th n
lurriod ~ith ~Rtor and th a~ount of ~at-r pro-~nt i-
~na~ho~?rang~ of fro~ about 2S to 50X by ~eight ba-ed on
the a~ount of acti~e granul-- u- d. Thcn h-at drying th
~$xtur~ at a te~perature of fro~ b~t~ ~n about 275 to
32SF to produc~ ~ater-proof~d-p lletl~od oll-b~n f$c-
iating or oil-control product- having a pluralit~ of
controll~d lo~-r l~a~ coatinq~.
1040451
For the purpo-e of my invention coal means coal
materlals of any rank, ~hich may exi-t a~ fre-hly
~ined coal, coal in itu, coal ~nQte- or ~ettling
pond coal fines r~ulting from th ~ashing or proc-
e-sing of coal, including lenhardite, partially
burned or unburned coal ueh a~ di~carded coal,
bone eoal, oxidized coal, fly a-h, coal clink r or
botto~ slag, or coal or part coal ~at-rial- ~hich
may exi-t in any condltion ~hat-o-v~r ~hich ma~
erve to accompliah the ob~ct- of thc pre~nt
invention.
Artificial ~ath~ring hall x~an the act of
activating the coal ~at~rial aft~r cru~hing and
pul~ ri~ation to ~ake of it a aore ad-orbent
produet.
I~pr gnation hall ~ean the aet of taking ~ithin
or upon the ad~orb~nt coal p~rticl - by ~ an of
orptive force- the ~elected or d -ir d active
ingr dl-nt~.
Slo~-rel a-e ~hall ~ an the rel~a-- of th activ
ingr~di-nt- fro~ the impregnated coal particl- by
biological or l-~ ntal oil proceare-.
Controiled alo~-rel-a-e hall ~an the act of
controlllng the r~lea-e of th aetive ingr~dient-
containod ~ithin the ~lo~-r iea-- granule- by th
provl-ion of further protQCtlon in the for~ of a
- pelleti~ed active granular product ha~ing a plur-
ality of ~ater soluble, partially ~ater--oluble or
~at-r-in~olubl~ coatlng~.
104C~451
m e pre~ent invention relate~ in part to Canadian
Patent Application for ~COALrBASE NATURAL FERTILIZERS~
in th- name of Cyril ~. Jon -, of th City of white,
Rock, in the Province of Briti~h Colu~bia. No ~ilin~
number ha~ a~ y t bQQn alloted. And al80 to Canad$an
Patent Application No. 228,069.
No U S A or other ~oreign patent application ha~
been ~ d.
Havlng de~cribed a pr ~-rrod embodim nt of the
invention, it hould b~ app~r-nt to tho~e Jkilled in
the art that the in~ntion pen~ita of modification in
ar A nge~ent and detail. I cla~m a~ ~y invention all
uch ~odi~ication a~ co~ ~ithin th~ true pirit and
cop o~ the appended clai~
