Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1041561
B2955 1! BACKGROUND AND SUM~ARY OF THE INV~NTION
¦ The present invention relates to improvements in
excavating and loading systems which form an excavation of
Ia sufficient width to allow the following portion of the
"system to move through the excavation.
~¦ In large excavating and loading systems, for example,
¦ of the type capable of loading 4,000 cu. yds. of earth per
¦ !ihour, it has heretofore been known to utilize a system which
¦-forms a trench in the ground of a sufficient width to allow
¦~the system to move through the trench behind the excavating
j)portion of the system. However, although various examples
I of such excavating and loading systems have been designed
! previously, the need persists for considerable improvement
: ¦!in the art.
ll : In accordance with the broader aspects of the
! inven-tion~ an improved excavating and loading system is
l¦disclosed having a vehicle and an excavating wheel assembly
I supported at the front of the vehicle. The excavating wheel
, assembly is wider than the following portions of the vehicle
¦ and forms an excavation which is wider than the portion of the
¦ vehicle positioned in the excavation. Supporting and housing
I ! apparatus is mounted on the front of the vehicle and extends
~ from the ends of the excavating wheel assembly at a point
j above the ground surface when the system is in operation.
;, 25 j ln accordance with the preferred embodiment of the
j invention, an improved excavating and loading system is dis-
-~ ~ closed having a vehicle which comprises a main frame which is
~ supported from the ground surface by driven wheels. A subfram~-~
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1041~1
is pivotally supported from the main frame so that the
front end of the subframe can be vertically raised and lower-
ed with respect to the main frame. Supporting and housing
apparatus rotatably supports an excavating wheel assembly
at the front of the vehicle. The supporting and housing -~
apparatus has a yoke portion which engages the ends of the
wheel assembly. The yoke extends axially beyond the ends of
the wheel assembly at a height greater than the ultimate depth
of the excavation. A blade and a bearing plate are connected
to the lower portions of the main and subframes for stabilizing
the excavating wheel assembly. The excavating wheel assembly
includes a plurality of digging buckets each including a
, wall which is supported for pivotal movement between a mat-
- erial receiving position and a material dumping-position.
Structure is provided for rotating the excavating wheel
assembly and for pivoting the movable walls of the buckets
~o first receive material and to subsequently dump the
material onto a main conveyor. A main conveyor is mounted
on the vehicle to receive material from the excavating
~ 20 wheel assembly and to transport the material upwardly and
rearwardly. An auxiliary conveyor with inner and outer por-
tion can be provided on the rear of the vehicle -for receiving
material from the main conveyor and transporting material
rearwardly and/or laterally.
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In accordance with one aspect of the prosent invention
there is provided an excavating and loading system comprisinQ
in combination:
a vehicle including a main frame and a subframe:
means supPOrtin~ the main frame of the vehicle for
movement over a surface;
excavating wheel means for formin~ an excavation
includinQ a plurality of di~ging buckets located immediately
adjacent one another to define the entire circumference of
the excavating wheel and each having a cutting edge which
extends to a stationary wall and a wall mounted for pivotal
movement from a material receiving position to a material
. dumping position, each end of said excavating wheel means
defining a side wall and an outer rim extending axially
beyond the side wall, said rims of the excavating wheel
means being wider than the vehicle; ~. .
, ., ~, - ~supporting and housing means on the vehicle supported : -
from the subframe and supporting said excavating wheel means ,~
. in the front of the vehicle, said supporting and housing .-~ :-
-, 20 means including portions engaging and rotatably supporting ~ :
the ends of said excavating wheel means and extending
vertically upwardly in the space between the side walls and
; the rims to portions extending outwardly beyond said rims ~!'~ ''
~. whereby the distance between the lowest point on said
.~ outwardly extending portions and the lowest digging level of ~
said excavating wheel means defines the maximum excavation :
; depths;
~ means for selectively varying the relative positioning
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of said subframe and said main frame whereby said excavating
. ` 30 wheel means can be selectively raised or lowered to excavate
at various depths;
~ drive means extending in part through the supporting
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and housing mcans for rotating the excavating wheel means so
that the digging buckets follow a circular path;
means located within the margins of the excavating
wheel means and responsive to rotation thereof for positively
. positioning the movable wall of each digging bucket in the
material dumping position when the bucket is in the upper
and rearward portion of the path; and
conveyor means mounted on the vehicle entirely behind
the excavating wheel assembly for movement around a course
including a relatively low portion positioned to receive
material from the digging buckets of the excavating wheel
means and the material dumping position relatively high and
located rearwardly on the vehicle.
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1041S~l
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the present
invention may be had by referring to the following detailed
description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of an excavating and
loading system comprising the present invention;
Figure 2 is a partial enlarged side elevation of
the front portion of the excavating and loading system -
illustrated in Figure l; :
Figure 3 is a partial enlarged plan view of
the front portion of the excavating and loading system ~ .
illustrated in Figure l; -
Figure 4 is a side elevation partly in section -
of the system for actuating the rear plates of the digging
,' buckets of the excavating and loading system incorporating
,. 10 the present invention; ..
-. Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5-5
of Figure 3, looking in the direction of the arrows;
. Figure 6 is a sectional view similar to Figure 3
of an alternate embodiment of the excavating wheel assembly;
and
` Figure 7 is a sectional view taken on line 7-7
of Figure 6; looking in the direction of the arrows. :~
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I 95~~ ' DETAILED DESCRIPTION
-~ , ~eferring now to the Drawings, and particularly to
Figure 1, an excavating and loading system 20 incorporating
. jlthe invention is shown. The system 20 comprises a vehicle 22
~ 1,with an operator cab 23 and track type wheels 24 for movement
ialong a surface L. Each of the wheels 24 comprises an endles~
¦track 28 whereby the excavating and loading system 20 is
I,adapted for movement over highways and other paved surfaces
¦las well as for operation in unpaved areas, such as during an ~.
. ....
. 10 ¦ excavating operation.
- 1' As is best illustrated in Figure 2, the wheels 24
! are supported from a main frame 30. A subframe 32 is
pivotally connected to the main frame 30 at horizontally
iextending axis 33. The front end 34 of the subframe 32 is
,connected to the main frame 30 by means of a pair of double~
acting hydraulic cylinder assemblies 42. The rod 46 of each
. ¦ hydraulic cylinder assembly 42 is connected to the main frame
30. By selectively actuating the hydraulic cylinder assemblies -~ .
¦ 42, the height H of the front end 34 of the subframe 32 can be raised
.. 20 i or lowered. It will be apparent to those of skill in the art the
. ¦ vehicle 22 can be provided with such other types of wheels and
¦ frame structures as may be indicated by particular circumstances.
¦¦. In accordance with the illustrated embodiment of
jl the invention, an engine (not shown) is supported on the sub-
il frame 32. The engine is preferably of the internal combustion
¦! type and functionS to drive a plurality of hydraulic pumps.
The hydraulic pumps in turn supply operating power through
¦I suitable controls in cab 23 for the various components of the
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1041S61
excavating and loading system 20. For example, one of the
pumps supplies operating power for a hydrostatic drive which
is in turn coupled to a transmission. The transmission in
turn provides driving power for the wheels 24 to propel the
excavating and loading system 20 during excavating operations -
and during travel. ~
An excavating wheel assembly 60 is positioned ~ - -'
on the forward portion of the vehicle 22. The excavating
wheel assembiy 60 includes supporting and housing apparatus
62 extending from the front of the subframe 32. The sup~
porting and housing apparatus 62 comprises a pair of side
plates 64 which are rigidly connected to the subframe 32 at , '
the sides of the cab 23. As is illustrated in Figure 5, the '~
outside surfaces of the plates 64 are spaced apart a distance
A which represents the maximum width of the vehicle 22. A '
bifurcated wheel engaging part of the supporting and housing
apparatus 62 is formed by portions 66 which extend from the
plates 64. The outside surfaces of the portions 66 are spaced
apart a distance B, which is wider than the maximum width '~
A of the vehicle. Cross members 68 and 70 interconnect the
portions 66.
The excavating wheel assembly 60 further comprises
at least one excavating wheel,82 supported between the ' '
portions 66 for rotation about a hor~izontally-extending
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axis. The excavating wheel 82 includes a pair of rims 84 ~ '
which extend radially outward along the sides of the wheel.
The rims 84 define the overall width of the wheel 82 with `-
the outside surfaces of rims 84 spaced a distance C. The dis- ,
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' tance C is the excavation width of the excavating wheel 82. - ,-
', 30 In the embodiment illustrated, the width C is greater than
the vehicle width A, but less than the width B of the portions -
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. 66. 1041S61
A shaft 86 is fixed between the portions 66 to
extend in a horizontal direction. Each of the rims 84 is
rotatably supported from the shaft 86 by bearings 88. The
portions 66 extend axially from the sides of the wheel
and are positioned vertically above the bottom of wheel 82
by a distance D.
A pair of hydraulic motors 90 is positioned inside
the wheel 82 and is supported from flanges 91 in a fixed
angular position relative to shaft 86. A pair of internal
ring gear 92 is likewise positioned inside the wheel 82
adjacent to the rims 84. Each of the motors 90 is provided
with an output sprocket which engages one of two ring gears ~ -
92 mounted inside wheel 82 to drive wheel 82 to rotate in
the direction of arrow 94 as shown in Figure 2. Hydraulic
lines communicating with the motors 90 extend through the
apparatus 62. It is to be understood, of course, that one
motor could be utilized to drive the wheel 82.
As shown in Figure 4, the wheel 82 further comprises
a plurality of digging buckets 102 which are equally spaced
circumferentially around the wheel 82 and extend between , ,.
the rims 84. The digging buckets 102 each have a cutting
edge 104, including a plurality of teeth 106 and a stationary
front wall 108, extending generally radially inward from
the cutting edge 104. Each digging bucket further includes
a rear wall 110, which is supported for movement between a
digging position and a dumping position. The operation of the
rear wall 110 is best shown in Figure 4, wherein the wall is
shown manipulated between a digging position where the res-
pective buckets 102 are in the lower and forward position -
of their
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10415t~1 !
rotary motion and to a dumping position when the resDective
b ~ckets are in the upper and rearward position of their
rotary motion.
Referring particularly to Figure 3 and 4, an example
of an actuating system 120 for the movable walls of the dig-
ging buckets is shown. The system 120 is located completely
within the margins of wheel 82 and comprises a plurality of
push rods 122, each of which is connected between one of the ¦ ¦~
rear walls 110 and a chain 124. The chain 124 is generally
unconstrained, but extends around a roller 126 which is ¦
supported on the shaft 86 and which is secured against angular
movement relative to the shaft 86 by brackets 130. The roller
126 is sproc~eted on its outer periphery to engage the chain -
124. As the excavating wheel 82 is rotated about the shaft
86 under the action of motors 90, each push rod 122 comes into
engagement with the roller 126 whereupon its respective rear ! ::
wall 110 is pushed outwardly to the material dumping POsitiOn. I ;
Subsequently, as each digging bucket is rotated to the lower
and forward portion of the circular path, the chain operates
through the push rod 122 to positively return the rear wall ¦
110 to the material digging position. This positive
action of the rear wall 110 in both directions has been
found to be vastly superior to the arrangement that has
been used herebefore wherein the rear portions were allowed ¦
to return to ~he digging position under the action of gravity ¦
and/or the crowding of excavated material into the buckets. ¦
It is invisioned, of course, that other positive acting actuatingl ~ -~
systems could be used, such as those described in the earlier ¦
copending application, Serial No. 435,296, now U. S. Patent Num-
ber 3~896~571-, the dislcosure of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
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Positioned below and behind the excavating wheel
82 is a moldboard assembly 132. This moldboard assembly
extends completely across the width of the wheel 82 and is
provided to pick up loose material and crowd material in a
forward direction as the excavating and loading sysitem
20 moves. m e assembly comprises a plate 134 which is
curved to conform to the path of travel at the edges 104.
A blade 136 is positioned adjacent the lower edge of the
pl~te 134. The plate 134 is rigidly supported between a pair
of arms 133. These arms 133 are pivotally attached at 135
to frame 30. A bearing plate 137 is pivotally supported
at its leading edge from the rear of the plate 134. A
selectively operable double-acting hydraulic cylinder means
138 is pivotally coupled between the trailing edge of the
bearing plate 137 and the plate 134. A pair of variable
length links 139 are coupled between subframe 32 and arms ~ ~
133. In the illustrated embodiment, the link 139 is a turn- ~ r
buckle, but it is to be understood, of course, that other
:~ .
links such as hydraulic cylinders, and the like, could be used.
Operation of the assembly 132 is semiautomatic.
The position of the blade 136 is controlled by the relative
positions of frame 30 and subframe 32. By manipulating control
means provided in the cab 23, the effective length of the
hydraulic cylinder 138 can be selectively varied to vary
the position of the bearing plate 137. Thus, the bearing
plate 137 can be adjusted to set the downward vertical
pressure of the plate to reduce bouncing and stabilize
the excavating system.
As is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the ex-
cavating and loading system 20 further includes a laoding
~' system 140. The loading system 140 includes a main con-
veyor 142 comprising an endless belt 144 mounted for movement
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~041S~;l
around a course extending angularly upwardly relative to the
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- subframe 32 of the vehicle 22 and including a lower material
receiving portion 146 and an upper material delivery portion
148. More particularly, the course of the belt 144 is defined
by a plurality of rollers (not shown) which are supported on -
a conveyor frame 150. The~conveyor frame 150 is supported
on the subframe 32 of the vehicle 22 and includes means
supporting the upper portion 148 for pivotal movement about
a horizontal axis under the action of the hydraulic cylinder
(not shown). This permits control of the vertical height and
allows folding of the material delivery portion 148 of the
: conveyor 142.
Belt 144 of the main conveyor 142 extends around
a drum mounted at the upper end of the frame 150 and around
a drum 156 mounted on the subframe 32. The upper drum is
rotated by hydraulic motor 154 and the lower drum 156 is ~.
rotated by a similar motor (not shown). By this means, the .
belt 44 is moved around the course defined by the rollers to
move material from the material receiving portion 146 to
; 20 the material discharge or delivery portion 148.
.'~ A chute 160 is supported from the subframe 32 ~-
behind and below the excavating wheel 82 to receive material
discharged from the buckets 102. The chute 160 is shaped
-. to direct the material onto the material receiving portion -
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.- 146 of the main conveyor 142 and to side delivery conveyors
162. This chute 160 : :
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I 104156~ ~
B2955 I and conveyors 162 transport material excavated by the excavating
wheel 82 onto the main conveyor 142 for transPortation thereby
~ from the material receiving portion 146 to the material
¦ delivery portion 148. -
! Referring now, particularly to Figure 1, the disclosed
¦ embodiment of the invention further includes an auxiliary
¦ conveyor system 170. The auxiliary conveyor system 170 includes
a frame 172 which is secured to the rear end of the subframe
j 32 of the vehicle 22. A turntable 174 is supported on the frame
172 for pivotal movement about a vertical axis under the action
j of hydraulic motor (not shown).
An inner conveyor 176 is supported on the turntable
174 to receive material discharged from the material delivery
¦ portion 148 of the main conveyor 142. The conveyor 176
comprises a frame 178 which i8 supported on the turntable 174
and an endless belt 180 ~ounted for movement around the course
defined by a plurality of rollers. The belt 180 is drive by
a hydraulic motor 181, and a hydraulic cylinder 182 is pro-
, vided for controlling the angular relationship of the frame
178 to the turntable 174.
The auxiliary conveyor system 170 further includes
an outer conveyor 184 comprising a frame 186 which is supported
from frame 178 by upper and lowe. parallel links 188. An
endless belt 190 is supported on the frame 186 for movement
:'25 ¦ around a course defined by a pair of drums 192. The conveyor
¦ 184 is driven by small hydraulic motors (not shown) mounted
¦ in the dr _s 192.
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1041561
~2955 ¦! It is to be understood, of course, that the wheel
¦engaging portion 66 could be positioned to extend from the
l;ends of the excavating wheel 82 at a height higher than the
¦center of rotation of the wheel 82. In this manner, the
¦~wheel 82 could be utilized to excavate at depths equal to
,or even greater than the radius of the wheel 82 itself.
' In Figures 6 and 7 an alternate configuration of the
lexcavating wheel assembly is illustrated. The second embodiment
llof the excavating wheel assembly 202 i9 carried by the supporting I -
lland housing apparatus 62 and contacts the wheel engaging portions ¦
,¦66. The excavating wheel assembly 202 comprises a plurality of
jidigging buckets, not shown, which are identical in construction
¦to the digging buckets 102 on the wheel 82. In addition, a
¦bucket actuation system 204 is provided for moving the walls of
~the digging buckets. This system 204 is identical in construc- ~
ition to the bucket actuation system illustrated in Figures 3 :
: land 4 and described above.
The wheel 202 is identical to the wheel 82 in all
aspects except the ariving means. The wheel 202 illustrated
l; 20 in Figures 6 and 7 is driven by an electrically powered system.
In this embodiment, it is to be understood, of course that
the excavating and loading system 20 is provided with a motor-
generator assembly for providing electrical power for the
wheel 202.
¦ As can be seen in Figure 6, the wheel 202 is supported
¦ from shafts 206 and 208, which extend from opposite portions 66.
! These shafts are hollow for reasons which will be pointed out
¦ hereinafter. The wheel 202 has rims 210 and 212 which are
rotatably supported from the shafts 206 and 208, respectively,
¦ by bearings 214. -14-
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55 . i! A hydraulic cylinder 200 i9 plvotnlly c~nnec~ed
between the frames 178 and 186 to manipulated the outer conveyor
184 with respect to the inner auxiliary conveyor 176. In this
manner, the outer conveyor 184 may be manipulated to selectively
receive material from the inner conveyor 176.
In operation, the excavating and loading syste~ 20
incorporated in the present invention, will be moved to the 1 ;
site by means of wheels 24. Hydraulic cylinder 42 will be
adjusted as desired so that the excavating wheel assembly 60
will excavate at the desired depth. Moldboard assembly 132
will be adjusted to the desired position by changing the
effective length of the cylinder 42 through manipulation of
the controls in the cab . Thereafter, the excavating wheel
82 can be rotated to excavate material from in front of the
vehicle. This excavation area will have a width C equal to
the ~idth of the excavating wheel 82 and can have a depth from
the ground surface S to the lowest level of excavation L, not ¦
to exceed dimension D, which is the clearance height from the
bottom of the excavating wheel of the wheel engaging portion 66.
As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill
in the art, the width C is wider than the width A of the
following portion of the excavating and loading system 20, and
thus, the excavating and loading system 20 can move through the
excavation formed by the wheel 82. It will also be appreciated
by those of ordinary skill in the art, that the spacing between
the wheel engaging portions 66, B is greater than the width C
area, being excavated by the wheels 82, but these portions of
the supporting and housing means 62 are positioned above the
maximum depth D at which the excavating and loading system
6~ w 1 excavate. -13-
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1041561
B2955 t An electric motor 216 and a planetary gearbox
reducer 218 are positioned inside the wheel 202 and are
supported on shafts 206 and 208. Suitable electrical con-
I ductors, not shown, are connected to the motor 216, and
¦ extend through the apparatus 62 to the cab 23. Conventional
I controls are provided in the cab 23 for controlling the
¦ operation of the motor 216. -
The motor 216 has a housing with an endplate 220
I which is fixed to the shaft 208. The gearbox 218 is in turn
~ supported between the shaft 206 and the motor 216. The bucket
¦ wall actuation system 204 is supported from the exterior of the
¦ housing of the motor 216, as shown. I I
The motor 216 is operatively connected to the gearbox
I 218. The gearbox 218 is conventional in aesign and provides a
I speed reducing function for the output of the motor 216. A
¦ planetary gear provides the output from the gearbox 218 and this
¦ planetary, not shown, is coupled to a sleeve 222, concentric
¦ with the shaft 206. The sleeve 222 is in turn connected to the
¦ rim 210. In this manner, the motor 216 drives the gearbox 218
¦ which in turn rotates the sleeve 222, which in turn rotates
the wheel 202 through rim 210. Thus, an electric motor 216
is used to drive the wheel 202.
¦ According to another feature of this e~bodiment,
coolir.g air is supplied to the motor 216 through the supporting
; 25 and housing apparatus- 62. Conduits, not shown, are provided
in the apparatus 62 to communicate with the hollow interior of
the wheel engaging portions 66. A blower can be provided to
force air rough th- conduit and i-to the hollow interior of
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jthe portions 66. ~s can be seen in Figure 6, the interiors of
the portions 66 communicate with the hollow interiors o the
shafts 206 and 208 to carry air to the interior of the wheel
202. The arrows 224 represent the flow of cooling air into the
interior of the wheel 202. As can be seen, the hollow interiors
of the shaft 206 and 208 supply cooling air to the interior of
the gearbox 218 and motor 216. The air can flow through the
motor 216 and be exhausted into the interior of the wheel 202.
Thus, an embodiment for using an electric motor to power the
excavating wheel 202 is disclosed with cooling air flow.
From the foregoing, it will be understood that the
present invention comprises additional improvements relating
to excavating and loading systems disclosed and claimed in I -
¦U.S. Patent Number ~,896,571 issued July 29, 1975 to
¦Charles R. Satterwhite.
¦ . Thus, in accordance with the invention descrlbed
I herein, an excavating and loading system comprising a vehicle
having an excavating wheel assembly supported on the front
j thereof is provided for excavating the material and transferring
~ the material to a main conveyor whereupon the material is con-
¦ veyed to the rear of the vehicle. The excavating wheel itself
I is of a width wider than the following portion of the vehicle.
¦ The supporting and housing apparacus which supports the
excavating wheel from the vehicle has portions which extend ¦
¦ from the sides of the wheel and are positioned a vertical
¦ height in excess of the excavation depth. In this manner,
¦ the excavation wheel forms an excavation wider than the
¦ following portion of the vehicle allowing the vehicle to ~e
I supported and travel through the excavation as it is formed.
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1041561
B2955 j The advantages of this particular arrangement allow
- I for outside engagement of the excavating wheel, which in turn
provides for a stable and uncomplicated system of operating
the buckets. In addition, this arrangement increases the
! width of the excavation formed by a particular system and ;
! i permits operation of the excavatinq and loading system within
¦ the excavation that is being formed. This materially reduces
the amount of movement of the excavating wheel assembly
necessary to position the assembly for excavation and travel
0 and thereby reduces the overall complexity of the excavating
and loading system incorporating the present invention.
It is to be understood, of course, by those of
ordinary skill in the art, that although the vehicle is
illustrated with the track type wheels, conventional tired wheels
could be utilized. In addition, the system is shown as
utilizing an internal combustion engine with hydraulic pumps
and motors to operate various elements of the system. It is
envisioned that an internal combustion engine could be used
with electric generators and motors to operate the various
20 elements of the system without departing from the present
invention. -
Aithough particular embodiments of the inventionhave been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described
in the foregoing Detailed Description, it will be understood
that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed,
but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and
substitution of parts and elements without departing from the
spirit and scope of the inven~ion as defined in the appended
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