Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
' I'C-187
1()~;~04~
GAS-FILLED ilIGH CURRENT BUS~IING I~I'r~l
PORCED COOLING ARRANGErlENT
B~CKGROUND OF THE I~VE~TIOLN
This invention relates to gas-filled bushingsfor two-
pressure circuit breakers, and more specifically relates to
a novel arrangement for preventing liquefaction of the di-
electric gas in a gas-filled bushing and in the low-
pressure region of the circuit breaker at low temperatures
and for ensuring the dryness of the gas in a gas-filled
bushing when used in a two-pressure system.
Gas-filled high voltage bushings are well Xnown in
the electrical power art, A typical high-voltage gas-filled
bushing is shown in U.S. Patent 3,566,001 in the name of
.
~h
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~IcCloud, issued February 23, 1~71 and entitled ~AS FILLED
r.USIIING I~ITlI SPRING BIAS CLAMPING AND INTERNAL FLE.XIBLr S~IIJNT.
~3ushings of this type are used for high voltage two-pressure
gas blast circuit breakers of the type shown in U.S. Patent
3,909,571, in the name of Aumayer, entitled CONTACT STRIJC-
TURE FOR ~IIGII VOLTAGE GAS ~LAST CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER.
high dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride or other
gases mixed with sulfur hexafluoride fills the bushing and
communicates with the interior of the low-pressure main
housing of the circuit breaker which receives the bushing.
The gas is stationary within the bushing and circuit breaker
housing and is at a low pressure of, for example, three atmo- ;-
spheres. The gas is supplied from a high-pressure container which
will be at a pressure of greater than about fifteen atmospheres.
The bottom of the conductive studs of the bushings are then
electrically connected to the contacts of interrupter struc-
tures which contain blast valves to allow high pressure gas
to blast through the contacts and into the low pressure
housing when the contacts are operated.
The low-pressure gas system of two-pressure SF6 circuit
breakers as pointed out above is at a pressure of about 45
p.s.i.g. at 70F. The saturation characteristic of SF6 is
such that gas at 45 p.s.i.g. begins to liquify at temperatures
slightly below -40F. Temperatures of -40F. can be exper-
ienced, particularly in the more northerly regions of the
North American Continent. The partial liquefaction of the
gas will cause a reduction in the pressure in the low-
pressure system, thereby reducing the dielectric insulation
- between the various circuit breaker parts and bushing parts.
~loreover, the liquefaction in the bushing can give rise to
possible contamination, which may cause dielectric tracking.
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In the past and to ovcrcome the problem of lique-
faction of the lo~ pressure gas in tlle low-pressure portion
of a t~o-pressure breaker, the normal engineering choice would
be to lower the pressure in the two-pressure system to about
p.s.i.g. at 70F as contrasted to the nominal 45 p.s.i.g.
at 70F. which is now used. The lowering of the gas pressure,
however, would require larger clearances between parts and,
therefore, is not economical.
~RIEF SUMMARY OF TIIE PR~SENT INV~NTION
In accordance with the present invention, a novel
bushing structure is provided wherein heated dielectric gas
is injected into tlle bushing and into the annular volume
between the bushing porcelain and its central conductive
member. Moreover, this annular volume is isolated from the
interior of the circuit breaker housing. This injected
heated gas then moves up the porcelain housing to the top
of the hollow central bushing conductor, and then into and
down the hollow conductor, and into the interior of the
circuit breaker housing. A permanent connection exists
between the high-pressure supply of the circuit breaker and
the interior of the bushing, and a permanently open but
narrow restriction permits a given flow of gas from the high-
pressure supply into the bushing, through the stud, into the
circuit breaker interior, and then to the compressor which
causes the continuous circulation of gas througll the low-
pressure system in the above manner.
The source of this heated gas is the gas from the
heated high-pressure gas reservoir which supplies gas to the
high-pressure portion of the system and conventionally is
at about 265 p.s.i.g. at 70F. Liquefaction in the high-
pressure system occurs at about 54F., but liquefaction in
this portion of the system is prevented through the use of
heater blankets whic}l surround the high-pressure gas cylinders
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104Z04~ y
and maintain the higll-pressure gas at about 70F.
The prcsent invention takes advantage of the presence
of this heated high-pressure gas and continually channels this
higll-pressure gas through gas restrictions which bring the
high-pressure gas into the bushing interior and from the
bushing into the interior of the grounded tank which carries
the circuit breaker components. ~lore specifically and in
accordance with the invention~ the heated high-pressure gas is
channelled through pipes created either internally or externally
of the breaker which are equipped with a gas orifice to regu-
late the flow of gas and optionallly may contain a gas filter ~ - -
to maintain dryness in the bushing. The gas flows through
the bushing center clamp flange and into the interior of the
bushing.
One typical restriction that has been used permits
a gas flow of about 0.4 cubic feet per minute into the low-
pressure gas bushing, with a pressure drop of about 220 p.s.i.g.
across the restriction. This injects about 1.6 BTU's per
; minute of heat energy which will maintain the low-pressure gas
~ 20 temperature above -40F. in ambients of about -50F. Thus,
i the novel invention permits the use of two-pressure circuit
breakers in very low temperature environments,for example,
those having ambient ~emperatures below -40F., without
requiring additional heat exchanging equipment to heat the gas
; in the low-pressure portion of the system. Moreover, by
- moving the gas through line gas filters, moisture in the gas
is continually removed to prevent possible condensation of
moisture in the internal porcelain structure of the bushing.
BRIEF D~SCRIPTIO~ OF THE D~A~INGS
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view which dia-
grammatically illustrates the novel system in connection
with a high-voltage two-pressure circuit brea~er.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the bushing
-. which is used for the circuit breaker of Figure 1 and which is
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~04ZO~
mo~ifie~l in accordance Wit]l the present invention.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the flan~e of the bushin~
of Figure 2.
l)~TAILED ~LSCRIrTInN OF Tllr DRAWIN~S
Referring now to the drawings, the circuit breaker
shown in Figure 1 is essentially identical to the circuit
~reaker of aforementioned U.S. Patent 3,90~,571 where,
however, the bushing structure has been modified in
accordance with the invention and is coupled to the
high-pressure tank supply as will be later described.
Referring first to Figure 1, there is shown, in
partial section, one phase of a high voltage circuit breaker
which incorporates the present invention, as will be later
described. The circuit breaker of Figure 1 can, for example,
be rated at 230,000 volts and at 40, 50, 63, 80 and 100 kilo
amperes interrupting current and 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and
6000 amperes continuous current respectively. Conventionally,
the breaker will be a three-phase breaker and two other and
identical phases to the one shown in Figure 1 will also be
provided.
In general, the circuit breaker phase of Figure 1
is contained within a generally flattened spherical metallic
tank 10 which is supported on metallic frame angle members
11 and 12. Angles 11 and 12 are suitably reinforced and extend
rearwardly and support additional tanks to tank 10, which are
spaced from the tank 10 and disposed generally parallel to
tank 10 and constitute the other phases of the circuit
breaker. The metallic tank 10 is a grounded housing and the
circuit breaker shown herein for purposes of illustrating the
invention is shown in a "dead tank" configuration.
The terminal bushings ~or the breaker may be of any
standard type and are shown for illustration herein as in-
cluding the bushings 13 and 14 which extend througll cylindrical
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104Z041
shrouds 15 and 16, res~ectively, whicll ~re arpropri~tely ~/elde~
or otherwise secured to the tank 10 an~ are sealed relative to
the interior of tlle tank. The structural bus]ling supports and
gas barriers 17 and 18~ respectively, are provided to prevent
the leakage of gas from the l)ushings 13 and 14 and the tank 1~. -
Tllus, tanh 10 is filled Wit]l sulfur hexafluoride gas (or a gas
mixture which includes sulfur he~afllloricle) at a pressure of ~ -
about 3 atmospheres. For purposes of tlle invention, any di-
electric gas at any appropriate pressure could be used. For
the embodiment described herein, the gas pressure within tank
10 will be designated a relatively low pressure.
Each of the bushings 13 and 14 is further associated
with current transformers 19 and 20, respectively, which may also
be of any desired construction.
A grounded flat support platform 21 is contained within
the tanX 10 and is supported from the bottom of tank 10 by
welded support members, such as bolts 22 and 23 and others not
shown. Platform 21 sits on leveling nuts, such as nuts 24 and
25, respectively, of the support bolts. The platform 21 then
: 20 serves as a level mount for the circuit interrupter equipment
to be contained within tank 10. In the case of the breaker
shown in Figure 1, four interrupters are connected in series
with one another to divide tlle circuit breaker operating
voltage of 230 KV. Platform 21 sup~orts two spaced hollow
tubular insulation support members 26 and 27, respectively,
- which further serve the purpose of hig}l pressure gas reservoirs
as is more fully described in U.S. Patent 3,889,083 in the
name of G.P. Guaglione et al entitled, GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER
INSULATING TUBE SUPPORT AND I~IGII PRESSURE VESSEL.
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1042041
Each of the insulation support ~embers 26 and 27
support, at their tops, respective blast valve housings 28 and
29 t~hich, in turn, su~port series-connected interrupter units
30-31 and 32-33, res~ectively. Each of the interrupter units
contains a pair of interrupter contacts YhiC]I are simultaneously
opened in the presence of a blast of gas which assists in
extinguishing the arc. It is to be noted that the tubes 26
and 27, blast valve housings 28 and 29, and interrupters
30 to 33 are mechanically supported solely from the platform
21 and that none of these com~onents are supported from the
bushings 13 and 14 or intermediate supports for the i~nterrupters
31 and 32.
The top of interrupter 30 is electrically connected
to the stud 35 of terminal bushing 13 through a flexible
connection, which will be later described. The connection
between the top of interrupter 30 and stud 35 is then covered
; by a corona shield 36.
; The bottom of interrupter 30 is then connected
through housing 28 to the bottom of interrupter 31. The
top of interrupter 31 is connected through flexible shunts
36ato tlle top of interrupter 32 with the tops of interrupters
31 and 32 and flexible connectors covered by corona shields
37 and 38, respectively.
The bottom of interrupter 32 is then connected
through the blast valve housing 29 to the bottom of inter-
rupter 33. The top of interrupter 33 is in turn connected
to the stud 39 of bushing 14 by flexible connectors, such as
; flexible connectors 40 and 41. The colmection ~reviously
referred to between interrupter 30 and stud 35 incorporates
flexible connectors, such as the connectors 40 and 41. The
connection to stud 39 is then covered by tl~e corona shield 42.
- Figure 1 also sllows voltage distributing iml)edances
43 and 44 connected across interrupters 30 and 33, res~ect-
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ively. Note that any suitable arrangement of parallel- ~
connectecl capacitors or resistors 43a could be used across the ~ -
various interrupters 30 to 33 in order to assure appropriate
distribution of steady state and transient volta~es across
the series-connected breaks, generated during closing or to
assist in arc interruption during the opening of the breaker.
Figure 1 illustrates the provision of transient
recovery voltage capacitors 50 and 51 which are to be con- --
nected from either of the line sides of the brealcer to ground. ~
It will be noted that the flattened elliptical shape of tank ~ -
10 makes available free space in the outer central regions ~ --
of the tank so that these capacitors can be mounted within
this space without interference with the operation of the
- breaker or without interference with the dielectric integrity -
of the breaker. The mounting of these capacitors is the sub-
ject of U.S. Patent 3,903,388, in the name of Lorne D.
~IcConnell, entitled MECIIANICAL SUPPORT OF TRANSIENT RECOVERY
VOLTAGE CAPACITOR WITI~IN CIRCUIT BREAKER LOW PRESSURE TANK.
It will be noted from Figure 1 that the upper
terminals of each of capacitors 50 and 51 are connected by
relatively ri~id conductors 52 and 53 to the tops of interrupters
30 and 33, respectively, and are directly and solidly connected
to tlle bushing studs 35 and 39, respectively. The bottoms of
capacitors 50 and 51 are tllen mechanically and electrically
connected to the tank wall 10 by the support and grounding
brackets 54 and 55 respectively.
The transient recovery voltage across the breaker is
then controlled by the capacitors 50 and 51 in the manner
generally set forth in U.S. Patent 3,383,519, it being noted
that each of capacitors 50 and 51 may have a value of
approximately 0.0025 microfarads or any other clesired value
selected by the circuit designer. The transient recovery
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104Z041 ~ 7
voltage may also be controlled by resistor 43a inserted during
the opening strc~e of the breaker.
The interior of the insulation reservoirs 26 and 27,
which communicate with thc blast valve housings 28 and 29 and
thcnce to the interrupters 30 to 33 is at a relatively high
pressure, such as 15 atmospheres of the same dielectric gas
which fills tank lO.
The major pressure source for the breaker is an
elongated cylinder 60 which is filled with gas at high pressure
(for e~ample, 265 p.s.i.g. at 70F.), which temperature is
maintained by a heater blanket 61 which covers cylinder 60 to
ensure that the gas temperature will always be sufficiently
high to prevent liquefaction. Liquefaction occurs in the
high-pressure system at about 54F A protective shroud 62 covers
the cylinder 60 (which may extend the full length of all of
the phases of the breaker), with portholes such as porthole 63
being available to permit maintenance of the cylinder 60 and
the blanket 61. A suitable gas control system, which need not
be described to understand the present invention, provides
suitable gas conduits and gas controls to conduct gas from the
cylinder 60 through the conduit 64 which passes through a
sealing plug 65 in tube 66 which is secured to tank lO.
The high-pressure conduit 6~ then extends through
- a T-shaped member and into conduits 67 and 68 as generally out- ;. lined by the arrows, in Figure l, such that high-pressure gas
; is admitted to the interior of insulation reservoirs 26 and
27. As will be later described, this gas is normally sealed
at the blast valve housings 28 and 29 and high-pressure gas is
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released through the interrupters 30 to 33 into low-pressure
tank 10 only when the contacts of the interrupters are operated.
A suitable mechanical operating mechanism ~not shown
herein) is provided to mechanically actuate crank arms, stlch
as crank arm 70 associated with tube 26, which drive operating
rods which extend through the center of support tubes 26 and
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104204~
27 and upwardly to blast valve housings 28 and 29. Similar crank arms will
be associated with each of the other interrupters of each phase of the ~-
breaker. Any conventional operating mechanism, such as a pneumatic or
spring operated mechanism or hydraulically operated mechanism is then con-
nected to each of the crank arms so that all blast valves and contacts can
be simultaneously operated to either open or close all interrupter contacts.
Optionally each pole of the breaker may be equipped with its own mechanism
to affect individual pole operation.
Figures 2 and 3 show the interior construction of the bushings
13 and 14 in detail, for the case of bushing 13. The construction of the
bushing of Figures 2 and 3 is derived from U.S. Patent 3,566,001.
Referring to Figure 2, there is illustrat~d an insulation bushing
which consists of two insulator columns 110 and 111 which may be of any
standard configuration and which are joined in end-to-end relation through
an annular mounting flange 112. The annular mounting flange 112 is of the
standard type and contains numerous bolt hole openings, such as bolt holes
113 and 114, such that the insulator can be mounted to any suitable enclo-
sure such as the fragmentarily shown enclosures 15 and 16 of Figure 1.
Thus, the entire section 111 will be immersed within enclosures 15 and 16
of Figure 1.
Relatively hard, load-supporting gaskets 116 and 140 may, there-
fore, be provided between the flange plates 112 and 132 and insulator section
111 to protect the insulator from damage by coming into contact with these
metal plates, since leakage at this joint is allowable since both the
interior of the tank 10 and the interior of the insulation column are filled
; with gas at the same pressure.
The insulation section 110, however, is positioned above the
exterior of the tank 10 so that an extremely effective seal must be provided
between the flange plate 112 and insulator 110. This seal is shown in
Flgure 2 as con-
-- 10 --
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sisting oE a rclatively llard~ load-supporting comlression -
~askct 120 contained within suitably soft, sealing stop
~askcts 121 and 122. The insulator bushin~ 13 of Figures l
and 2 then contains a main elongated conductor 130 which is
t]lreaded into a conductive adapter 131 which is receive,d by
the conductive head plate 132. Electrical equipment within the`
housing lO which are to be connected to ,conductor 130 are
connected thereto through a suitable threaded connection, for
example, with the ada~ter 131.
Note that the conductive tube 130 is hollol~ and will
communicate with the interior of tan~ 10.
The outer end of the insulation bushing 13, as sho~n
to the left in Figure 2, contains a well-contoured end con-
ducti~e plate 141 which may have a thTeadcd terminal 142
extending therefrom so tha~ convenient connection may be made ,
t,o the buslling. Conductive member 141 is then sealed to the
left-hand end of hollow insulator section llO by a ~ood
pressure seal consisting of the hard, load-bearing compression
'` gas~et 143 and its relatively soft, sealing stop gaskets 144 -
and 145. It will be noted that the left-hand end of conductor
130 is spaced from conductive member 141 so that the con-';
ductor 130 may expand and contract at a diffcrcnt Tate than ~'~
insulator sections 110 and 111, due to temperature change.
~ ~lectrical connection between conductive ~e~ber
,' 141 and the central conductor 130 and tlle means for lloldilla; the ',
insulator asse~blecl are provided by a spring-receivin~ disc '~
150 and a conductive flangc mcmller lSl w]lich is threaded onto
the left-hand end and top of conductor 130. ~:lanr~e member
151 is shown in plan view in Figure 3., It will be notcd that
flange membcr 151 has a threadcd interior 152 ~hich is '~
threaded onto the end of conductivc tube 130 and then fixcd
in tl)is position by pin 153 ~hicll extends throu~,ll a suitablc
opelling in tl~e ul)standing ~all 154, sho~ln as opening 155 '-
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lO~Z04~ ,
in ~igure 3 to prcvent su~setlucnt rotation o~ the flange membe'r
151 t~ith respcct to conductor 130 after the bushing has becn
asscmbled.
Electrical connection is made between conductive
membcr 140 and flange plate 151 and tllus conductor 130 by
meanS of flexible, conductive straps. These flexible, con-
ductive straps may be packages of tllin, copper sheets. A
typical fle~ible conductor of tllis type is shown in Figure 2
as flexible conductive member 160. ~ plurality of such flexible
members will be distributed around the peripllery of flange
member 151.
One end of the conductive members, such as conductive
member 160 is bolted to the interior of conductive member 141 ~;
as by the bolt 161, while the other end envelopes around the
exterior of the flange as shown, and is disposed beneath a
pressure washer 162. Note that conductive member 160 nnay have
an opening therethrough for passing a threaded insulated
shank 163 which serves as a spring guide for the parallel -~
springs 164 and 165. One end of springs 164 and 165 bears on - --
pressure washer 162 in order to ma~e good electrical contact
between conductor 160 and flange 151. The other ends of springs - - -~
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`- 164 and 165 rest on insulated was]lers 200 which are carried on
;~, disc 150 as shown. Note that parts 163, 180 and 2D0 are
. .
;-; insulated to prevent the various springs and bolts from carrying
current and sparking to ~arts 150 and 151.
As mentioned ~bove, a plurality of such assemblies are
disposcd about the flange member 151 ~hcre Figure 3 illustratcs
- an opening 170 for threadably receiving threaded shank 163,
with the entire assen~bly of springs 164, 165, shank 163 and
.
conductor 161 being associated with this portion oE tlle-cross- --
scctional vie~
; Scvcn similar ~ssemblies will be similarly associated
with tllrcaded openings 171 to 177, sho~n in Figurc 3 for
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~04Z041
recelving the threaded shanks of the respective assemblies.
Spring-receiving disc 150 is then rigidly threaded into engage-
ment with conductive member 141 as by insulated bolts such as bolt 180,
shown in Figure 1. Note that bolt 180, along with seven other bolts in the
preferred embodiment of the invention, will also pass through aligned open-
ings in flange member 151, these openings being shown in Figure 2 as through-
openings 181 to 188.
It will be observed that the springs, such as springs 164 and
165, will serve to hold the entire insulator bushing in mechanical alignment,
- 10 with the insulator sections 110 and 111 being in compression. That is,
springs 164 and 165 are compression springs which urge members 150 and 151
away from one another. This has the effect of pressing conductive end -
members 141 and 132 toward one another, thereby applying forces tending to
hold the bushing assembled and applying pressure to the various seals
throughout the assembly. At the same time, a strong pressure connection is
made between flexible conductive strap 160 and the flange 151 to establish a
good path for electrical current from conductive member 141 through the
flexible conductors to conductive flange 151 and thence through conductor
130 to the adapter 131.
It will be observed that if there should be dimensional changes
of conductor 130 with respect to the insulator housings 110 and 111, these
dimensional changes will be easily absorbed by the flexible conductors, such
as conductor 160, without danger of cracking, while a good pressure seal is
maintained throughout the interior of the insulator for those portions of
the insulator bushing which are above the housing 10.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
.
In accordance with the present invention, an opening 300 is
formed in the annular mounting flange 112 of each bushing 13 and 14 where
the opening 300 communicates between the internal volume 301 of the bushing -
and the exterior of the
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opening 300. The opening 3()0 is then connected to a hollow
conduit 302 and the conduit 302 is in turn coupled to a
permanently open restriction orifice 303. Note that conduit
302 may be inside or outside tank 10, as shown for bushings 13
and 14, respectively. Orifice 303 may pass about 0.4 cubic
feet per minute of SF6 gas and will have a pressure drop there-
across of about 220 p.s.i.g. A gas filter 304, which can be
a molecular sieve type filter which will remove moisture from
the gas passed therethrough, is connected between orifice
303 and high-pressure gas source cylinder 60. Note that, in
an installation of a three-phase circuit breaker, a similar
construction will be provided for each of the six bushings of
the circuit breaker.
The novel invention permits a continuous flow of
heated gas at about 70F. from the high-pressure container
60 into the interior of the low-pressure tank 10, taking
the path shown by the arrows in Figures 1 and 2. Thus, as
shown in Figures 1 and 2, a constantly metered flow of gas
~ through the constantly open orifice 303 flows through the open-
-~ 20 ing 300 and then into the space 301 which, in the prior art,
was a dead space. The gas then flows upwardly through the --
annular volume 301 to the top of hollow conduit 130 and then
down through the center of hollow conduit 130, and into the
interior of low-pressure housing 10. The gas will continue
to flow in~o the interrupters 32 and 33, for example, and
will be discharged through the various openings in the corona
shields, such as openings 89 and 90 in Figure 1 into the
free volume within tank 10. A bypass conduit 320, containing
manual valves 321, 322 and 323 permits servicing the filter
~ 30 304 and orifice 303 with the breaXer in service.
: There is in general a continuing flow of gas through
- the CilCUit breaXer system, causing the frequent or constant
operation of the compressor connected between the low-pressure
interior of housing 10 and the high-pressure tank 60, thereby
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la~;~04~
to ensure compressor operation and to ensure the constant
removal of moisture from the gas in the filter, such as
filters 304. The compressor, whic]l may be of the type
shown in U.S. Patent 3,602,669, is connected to the
interior of housing 10 and to the interior of tank 60
in any desired manner, as illustrated by the dotted lines
in Figure l. The gas in the low pressure regions of the
bushing and tank is at a pressure of about 45 p.s.i.g.,
and the flow o~ 0.4 C F ~ of gas from cylinder 60 provides
about 1.6 BTU's per minute of heat energy in the low-pressure ~ -
system. This is then sufficient to maintain the low-pressure
system gas at a temperature below -40F. for ambient conditions
of -50F., thereby to prevent partial liquefaction of the
low-pressure gas.
Figure 1 shows the bypass assembly for bushing 14
outside the tank 10 for easy access for servicing. If ; -
desired, however, the complete piping system 302, 303, 304
may be located within the low-pressure tank 10 as shown for
bushing 13. In the event of leakage of any component, a
gas.loss to atmosphere would not occur. Instead the gas would
be contained within the low-pressure tank 10. The internal
plumbing and parts of the bypass syste~ can then be serviced
during the normal maintenance outage.
~lthough this invention has been described with
respect to preferred embodiments, it should be understood
that many variations and modifications will now be obvious to
those skilled in the art, and it is preferred, therefore,
that the scope of the invention be limited, not by the
specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.
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