Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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This invention relates to neutralizing transformers use-
ful in electric power transmission systems which depends upon com-
munication facilities to effect proper operation and control. The-
se transformers are used to neutralize the effect of ground poten-
tial changes and longitudinally induced voltages due to the pro-
ximity to power lines on communication lines which enter the power
sub-stations.
- Up to the present time, multi-wound or multi-circuit
neutralizing transformers have utilized telephone type cable for
the secondary or signal windings. Essentially, the cable consists
- of a given number of balanced twisted pairs formed or cabled into
a standard telephone type cable configuration. An example of
such neutralizing transformers utilizing twisted pairs is shown in
the United States Patent to GORDON Y.R. ALLEN, No. 3,453,494,
entitled "NEUTRALIZING TRANSFORMERS", granted July 1, 1969. In
this patent, the twisted pairs were wound around a core and con-
nected in such a manner that the shield of the twisted pairs acted
as a primary in the transformer and, as disclosed in this patent,
this primary winding was connected to ground.
Another form of neutralizing transformer has been to
utilize a primary winding wound in bifilar configuration with the
secondary or signal winding.
; Still another alternative is the use of an external
shield around the coil as the primary winding.
In any of these configurations a mutual capacitance
between conductors and the capacitance of conductor to ground has
been very high. Furthermore, the winding space factor caused by
the twisted pairs has been very poor and led to an unacceptable
size. In order, however, to attempt to reduce the winding space,
it has been necessary to reduce the waste space caused by the use
of the twisted pairs. This in the past has normally meant a reduc-
tion in the dimensions of the dielectric and an increase in the
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mutual capacitance. In other words, there was a tradeoff of
alternatives -- space or capacitance, and these alternatives have -
heretofore been unaeceptable.
Accordingly, it is a first object of this invention to
provide a neutralizing transformer which overcomes all the defi-
ciencies of the prior art transformers and this is accomplished ~
as will be understood from the following. -
A neutralizing transformer constructed in accordance ~ -
with the present invention will eomprise the use of shielded flat
eonduetor eable or conductor ribbon wound in a coil form wherein ~- -
the shield functions as the primary winding and the flat eondue-
tors funetion as the seeondaries of the transformer. This affords
a large reduetion in eoil winding spaee requirements, thus reducing
total eore mass and/or eoil length, thus redueing given magnetizing
or exciting eurrent, thus reducing the size, weight and cost of -~
the transformer and, more partieularly, under a given set of eir- --
eumstanees, reducing the remanant or un-neutralizing voltage, all
the while maintaining a high dielectrie withstand capability.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of this in-
-- 20 vention to provide a neutralizing transformer made from shielded
flat flexible conductor cable in which the shield becomes the ``
primary and the conductors become the secondaries of the transfor- ~ ~-
mer.
Another objeet of this invention is to provide a neutra-
lizing transformer of reduced size and cost yet with reduced mu-
tual capacitance between the conductors while maintaining high -~
dielectric capability.
The present invention also relates to a method of
making a neutralizing transformer eomprising:
providing a relatively flat conduetor across a plurali-
ty of flexible eonduetors forming a ribbon-like cable; and
winding said flat conductor and plurality of conductors
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around a core so that the flat conductor becomes the transformer
-- primary and the plurality of conductors become the transformer
secondaries. `
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be
described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
Fig. 1 shows a neutralizing transformer formea of
shielded flat cables wound around a core with the shield as the
primary and the secondaries all connected in a manner shown in
the Allen Patent No. 3,453,494 supra;
Figs. 2 and 3 show a flat flexible conductor cable of
two forms with attached ground plane or shield before being wound
into the neutralizing transformer configuration;
Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 show various ways in which the secon-
daries may be connected to reduce the mutual capacitance and to
- provide shielding between the windings where desirable.
Turning now to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, there is shown a neu-
tralizing transformer 10 formed in accordance with the teachings
of the present invention. Figs. 2 and 3 show flat flexible cables
12 of conventional types comprising a plurality of flat or round
flexible conductors 14 embedded in a suitable dielectric 16 and
provided with a ground plane or shield 18 which extends the width
of the cable as shown. This ribbon-like flexible cable is availa-
ble commercially from a number of sources and therefore need not
be described further.
Fig. 1 shows a neutralizing transformer 10 formed by
coiling the flexible ribbon-like shielded cable 12 such as shown
in Fig. 2 around a steel core 20. The leads to the transformer
are shown connected in pairs 22, 24, and 26, 28 to terminals which
are then connected through shielded cables comprising twisted
pairs 30, 32 which, in turn, are connected to a frequency source 34.
Similarly, the outputs~from the transformer are connected to a pair
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of shielded cahles 36 and 38 which, in turn, are connected to a
frequency receiver 40. The input of shield 18 is shown connected
to a first ground 42 with the output connected to the shields 44,
46 on the flexible cables and to a second ground 48 which is remote
from the first ground 42, all in accordance with the teachings of
the Allen Patent No. 3,453,494, supra. Since this arrangement of
- the neutralizing transformer, as connected into an electrical
environmental configuration, is more fully explained in the Allen
patent supra, no further description is deemed necessary herein.
It is to be noted that the flexible ribbon-liXe cable ;-
as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 wound around a core takes advantage of ~-
the shielded grouna plane 18 and to utilize this shielded cable
as the primary in the neutralizing transformer. This concept is
unique and not found in the prior art. Once having understood
; the inventive concept disclosed herein, many variations can be
utilized. For example, attention is now directed to Figs. 4-7
- wherein Fig. 4 shows a flat cable connected directly to ground
with a given mutual capacitance between conductors depending
; upon the dielectric, the distance between the conductors, and the
size of the conductors measured in pfd/linft, whereas, with the
double ground shield as shown in Fig. 6, the mutual capacitance
is reduced by 10~ of the capacitance of the embodiment of Fig. 4. ;
Figs. 5 and 7 show additional ways of connecting the conductors
and the shield for selected reduction of capacitance. Note also
that Fig. 5 shows a conductor connected in parallel to ground and
to the shield to isolate the conductors on either side thereof.
Each of the arrangements having a double ground shield, Figs. 6
and 7, however, require an additional layer of non-conductive ma-
- terial over the shield to prevent shorting of the shield when wound
as a transformer. Thus, numerous combinations can be made utiliz-
ing the inventive concept depending upon the desired results.
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