Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to load carrying vehicles,
and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, rela-tes to
a method for transporting one semi--trailer and tractor combina-tion
upon a second semi-trailer and trac:tor combination, and Fur-ther
relates to a novel semi-trailer ancl tractor construc-tion which
can be transported in accordance with the method of the present
invention.
_ ief Description of the Prior Art
As is well known in the trucking industry, in order to
obtain maximum utilization and therefore maximum efficiency and
profit from the operation of a fleet of trucks,i-t is necessary
to have a pay load at all times. Thus, on long trips, it is
ecsential to carry one pay load during the out trip, and another
pay load during the return trip is seldom available and the truck
must be returned to its base of operation empty. This situation
is especially prevalent when hauling steel beams and the like
on flat bed trucks from a fabrication mill, or in hauling wheat
2~ from outlying elevators to a granary. Not only is the empty
return trip uneconomical because of the use of fuel, but it also
results in considerable wear on the vehicle. In this respect,
it will be appreciated that the damage to the vehicle is com-
pounded by the fact that the spring suspension system is designed
to carry a heavy load. Therefore, when the truck is operated
without a load, it is, for all practical purposes, rigidly sup-
ported rather than spring supported, which results in severe
vibrations and shocks, especially to the semi-trailer. On trips
of any substantial length, the driver..........................
-2- ~
usually must stay overnight and sleep before he i5 able to
safely drive the return trip. This not only results in
wasted operator time~ but also greatly reduces the usable
time of the truck.
In view of these fundamental difficulties in fully
utilizing trucks, it has long been recognized tha~ whenever
the job is such as to require two trucks to carry a pay load
to a destination, and there is nc return load, it would be
desirable to transport one truck by the other. Although
this concept has occasionally been used to transport a
smaller truck on a larger one, it ~eretofore has not been
feasible because all trucks designed for long hauls are
invariably constructed as large as poss~ble and still remain
within the maximum length, width and height limitations
Lmposed by the laws of the several states. Consequently,
all txucks are of approximately the same overall dimensions
and one truck cannot normally be loaded onto the other in
the absence of special equipment.
Brief Summation of the Present Invention
Therefore, it is an ~mportant obj~ct of the present
invention to provide a novel vehicle construction for loading
the vehicle upon a similar vehicle for transport~ There is
also disclosed a method of loading the vehicle upon a
similar vehicle for transport. The method disclosed may more
specifically be described as reducing the wheel base of a
first semi-trailer and a tractor combination, lowering the
forward end of a second semi-trailer to the grou~d to form a
ramp, driving the fLrst semi-trailer and tractor onto the second
-- 3
semi-trailer with the first tractor at the xear end of the
second semi-trailer, raising the rear end of the first semi-
trailer, and loading the second semi-trailer onko the second
tractor. The rear end of the first semi-trailer will then be
raised sufficiently to extend ove!r the cab of the ~econd
tractor~ When the first semi-trailer and tractor combination
is secured on the second, the two are then ready for transport
using but one driver and operating only one tractor.
There is also disclosed an improved semi-trailer
construction for use in accordance with the above-described
method~ In particular, there is disclosed a semi-trailer
having an elongated load bed, a plurality of rear support
wheels disposed adjacent the rear end thereof, an elongated
track connected to the underside of the load bed adjacent
the rear thereof and extending forwardly and sloping down-
wardly from the load bed, and means slidably connecting the
rear support wheel 9 to the elongated track for moving the
wheels along the tracks, whereby the inclined track will raise
the rear end of the load bed as the wheels are moved forwardly
to shorten the wheel base of the semi-trailer and tractor.
There is furthermore disclosed a novel lift mechanism for
lowering the forward end of the second semi-trailer to the
ground and for rai.sing the forward end a~ter the semi-trailer
is loaded to a sufficient height to be coupl ed to the fifth
wheel of a tractor, as well as several other more speci:lEic
features which will presently be described in the specifica-
tion and pointed out in the appended claLms.
According to the present invention there i.s provided
in combination fixst and second semi-trailers and tractors,
~~ _ 4 _
each of the semi-trailers having an elonga-ted load bed and rear
support wheels adjacent the rear end, each tractor having a fifth
wheel for connection to the fron-t end of the respective semi--trailer,
an operator's cab and fixed, ground engaging wheels, and each semi-
trailer and tractor having a wheel :base defined by -the dis-tance
between the forwardmost fixed ground engaging wheels on said tractor
and said rear support wheels; means for reducing the wheel base of
the first semi-trailer and tractor to a length no greater than the
length of the load bed of the second semi-trailer; and, means on
one of the semi-trailers for raising the rear end of the load bed
of the first semi-trailer when the first semi-trailer is positioned
on the load bed of the second semi-trailer sufficien-tly high to
clear the cab of the second tractor, whereby the first semi-trailer
and tractor can be transported on the second semi-trailer and tractor.
Many additional objects and advantages of the present
invention will be evident to those skilled in the art from the
following description and drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a pair of similarly
constructed semi-trailers and tractors constructed in accordance
with the present invention, and loaded one upon the other in
accordance with the method of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rear end
of one of the semi-trailers illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on line
3-3 of Figure 2.
Figure 3a is an enlarged sectional view for better
illustrating the details of construction of a portion of the
structure shown in Figure 3.
,~ ~.-,
~ _ 5 _
~ igure 4 (shown on sheet 2 of the drawings) is a
longitudinal sectional view o:E the forward end of one of the
semi-trailers shown in Figure 1~ and illustrates a novel lift
apparakus constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 5 is a sectional v:iew taken substantially on
line 5-5 of Figure 4~
Figure 6 (shown on sheet 1 s:~ the drawings ) is an end
view of the load bed of one of the semi-trailers illustrated
in Figure 1, which is especially adapted to transport grain
and other particulate material.
Figure 7 (shown on sheet 1 of the drawings) is a view
similar to Figure 6 showing the side boards and end gate of
the semi-trailer shown in
" '
`'
. .
- 5a -
Figure 6 pivotally folded downwardly for transport in accordance
with the method of the presen-t invention.
Figure 8 is a transverse sectional view illustra-ting the
details of the hinge structure pivotally in-terconnecting the side
boards and the load bed of the semi-trailers of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is a sectional view taken on a horizontal plane
through the corner of one of the semi--trailers with the side
boards and end gate up, and serves to illustrate the details of
the hinge structure pivotally interconnecting the end gate and
the load bed.
Figure 10 is a vertical sectional view taken through
and along the longitudinal center line of a semi-trailer load
bed and supportirgbogie wheel structure, showing an alternate
embodiment of the invention.
; Figure 11 is a plan view of the bogie wheel structure
forming a part of the embodiment of the invention illustrated
in Figure 10~ and showing the semi-trailer load bed in phantom.
Figure 12 is a transverse sectional view taken across
the load bed of the semi-trailer shown in Figure 10 at a loca-
- 20 tion just ahead of the ground engaging wheels.
Figure 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13-13
of Figure 10.
Figure 14 is a side elevation view of the rear end
portion of the semi-trailer load bed illustrated in Figure 10,
and showing in full lines the piggyback carriage status of the
bogie wheel assemb:Ly.
~7'~
Detailed Description of a Preferred
Ernbodimen-t of -the Invention
Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to
Figure 1, a first semi-trailer and t,rac-tor combination is indicated
generally by the reference numeral ].0 and is comprised of a semi-
-trailer 12 and a tractor 14. The tractor 14 is supported in conven-
tional fashion upon forward, steerable ground engaging wheels 14,
and tandem powered ground engaging wheels 17. The tractor 14 has
a sleeper type operator's cab 16 ancl a fifth wheel 18 which is slid-
ably supported on a novel track extending longitudinally of the
tractor chassis, as hereafter described in greater detail. A second
semi-trailer and tractor comhination, indicated generally by the
reference numeral 19, is comprised of a tractor 20 an~ a semi-trailer
26, which may be of substantially identical construction to the semi-
trailer and tractor combination 10. The tractor 20 has a sleeper
t:ype operator's cab 22 and a fifth wheel 24 which may also be slid-
ably mounted on a track on the tractor chassis, as will hereafter
be described in greater detail, and the semi-trailer 26 is con-
nected to the tractor 20 by the fifth wheel 24. Since the first
and second semi-trailer and tractor combinations 10 and 19 are of
identical construction, for convenience of discussion and illustra-
tion, only the first semi-trailer and tractor combination 10 will
now be described in detail. Therefore, it is to he understood that
the semi-trailer and tractor combination 19 is similarly constructed
and accordingly, like parts are designated by like reference numerals.
However, it is to be expressely understood that although the semi-
trailers are preferably of identical construction for maximum
versatility, each of the semi-trailers may be provided with only
that portion of the total equipment
,~ ,,
to be hereafter descri~ed w~ch is essential in the event it is
desired to always load the first combination upon the second,
which necessary equipment will hereafter be pointed out in greater
detail.
The semi-trailer 12 is comprised of an elongated load
bed 30 fabricated in accordance with known techniques from a pair
of longitudinally extending parallel I-beams 32 and 34 which ex-
tend the entire length of the load bed and are interconnected at
the respective ends by a front channel 36 and a rear channel 38.
The I-beams 32 and 34 have an outline substantially as shown by
a composite of Figures 2 and 4, and are located somewhat centrally
and spaced apart as best seen in the transverse sectional views of
Figures 3 and 5. Side channel beams 40 and 42 interconnect -the
ends of the transverse channel beams 44 which provide supports for
plywood or other wooden decking 46 which covers the load bed. It
will be noted that the beams 32 and 34 have web portions 48 and 49,
respectively, (see Figure 3) vertically disposed and are wider at
the center of the load bed for greater strength. The beams 32 and
34 also have lower flanges 50 and 54 which are straight along the
portions from the rear transverse channel 38 to the point 52 shown
in Figure 4. The straight portions of the lower flanges 50 and 54
adjacent the rear end of the semi-trailer then form an elongated
track means which extends forwardly from the rear end of the semi-
trailer and slopes downwardly with respect to the upper surface or
decking 46 of the load bed 30.
A bogie wheel frame, indicated generally by the reference
numeral 56, is comprised of a pair of l-beams 58 and 60, as best
seen in Figure 3. The I-beams 58 and 60 are wedge-shaped, as best
seen in Figure 2, and have upper flange portion 62 and 64, respec-
tively, which engage the lower flanges 50 and 54 of the longitudi-
nal I-beams 32 and 34, respectively. The lower flange portions 66
and 68 of the I-beams 58 and 60 are disposed generally parallel to
the upper face of the load bed and are therefore normally horizontal.
--8--
The I-beams 58 and 60 are preferably interconnec-ted by three
transverse bracing I-beams 70, 72 and 74, which extend across
the front end, the middle and the rear end, respectively, of the
wedge-shaped I-beams 58 and 60. Three strap pla-tes 76, 78 and 80
are welded to the ou-ter edges of th.e flange por-tions 62 and 66 of
the I-beam 58 and to the webs of -the respective transverse bracing
I-beams 70, 72 and 74, and extend upwardly -to a point above the
lower flange 50 of the main I-beam 32. Three similar strap plates
are connected to the outer edges of the flange portions 64 and 68
of the other wedge~shaped I-beam 60 and -to the webs of the three
transverse bracing I-beams. However, only the middle strap plate
82, which is disposed opposite the middle strap plate 78, is shown
in Figure 3. Thus, it will be noted that each of the strap plates
extends upwardly above the lower flanges 50 and 54 of the main
longitudinal I-beams 32 and 34 and prevent the bogie wheel frame
56 from moving transversely of the load bed and disengaging the
track means formed by the flanges 50 and 54. The upper ends of
the several strap plates are either bent inwardly or provided with
suitable dogs, such as the bars 87 (see Figure 3a) which are welded
to the inside faces of the strap plates 78 and 82, as illustrated
in Figure 3. The inwardly bent ends or dogs 87 of the several
strap plates thereby provide a positive sliding connection between
the bogie wheel frame to move relative to the track means formed
by the flanges 50 and 54. A plurality of dual support of bogie
wheels 84 and 86 may be connected to the bogie frame 56 by leaf
springs 88 and 90, respectively, in the conventional manner, such
. as by suitable shackles 92, 94 and 96. A rear bumper 98 may be
connected to the rear end of the bogie frame 56 by suitable I-beam
structure 100 such that the bumper will move with -the bogie wheel
frame along the track means.
In summary, it wil.l be noted -that the bogie wheel frame
56 and bogie wheels 84 and 86 at-tached thereto are free to slide
alony the track means formed by the lower flanges 50 and 54, but
are continually re-tained in the proper transverse position b~ the
side straps and posi-tively attached to the flanges 50 and ~4 by
the bent-over ends or dogs 87. ~lowever, the bogie frame 56 i.s
retained in the rear position for normal road operations by an
elongated bar 101 (see Figure 2) which extends through the web of
the I-beams 32 and 34 and which is so positioned as to contact the
forward strap plate 76 and the corresponding forward strap plate
(not shown) which is welded to the other wedge-shaped I-beam 60 .
When the bar 101 is removed, the bogie frame 56 can be made to
move forwardly along the track means formed by the lower flanges
50 and 54 until the forward end of the bogie frame 56 contacts a
pair of stops 102 which may be welded to the underside of the
flanges 50 and 54 as illustrated in Figure 2~ The bogie frame 56
will then be in the forward position, so that the first semi-
trailer and tractor combination 10 can be loaded onto the second
in accordance with the method of the present invention as here-
after described.
Referring now to Figures 4 and 5, a novel lift apparatus
for raiding the forward end of the semitrailer bed is indicated
generally by the reference numeral 110. The lift apparatus 110
comprises a first elongated frame member 112 which is pivotally
connected to the underside of the semitrailer load bed by suitable
brackets 114 and 116 which are welded to the underside of the
lower flanges 50 and 54 of the I-beams 32 and 34 ~ respectively.
The elongated frame member 112 may be comprised of a pair of elon-
gated tubular members 118 and 120 which are interconned by cross-
braces 122~ as best seen in Figure 5~ A second elongated track
means, indicated generally by -the reference numeral 123~ extends
generally parallel to the upper surface of the load bed 30r The
track means may conveniently be formed by a pair of facing channel
: beams 124 and 126 which are welded to the inner faces of -the webs
48 and 49 of the I-beams 32 and 34 ~ respectively.
A second elongated, upright frame member is indicated
--10--
generally by -the reference numeral 128 and may conveniently con-
sist of a pair of upright tubular compression members 130 and
134 which are interconnected at the upper ends by a transverse
upper member 136 and which are interconnected adjacent the lower
ends by a transverse lower member 138. If desired, tension cross-
braces 140 may be provided for lateral bracing.
A pair of rollers 142 ancl 144 are journaled on the oppo-
site ends of the upper transverse member 136 and in -the channels
124 and 126, respectively, so as to engage either the upper or
lower flanges of the respective channels. The lower ends of the
upright compression memberS ~0 and 134 are pivotally connected to
shoes 146 and 148, respectively, which engage the surface of the
ground 150 when the lift apparatus 110 is in operation as hereafter
described. The forward ends of the tubular members 118 and 120
of the first frame member 112 are also pivotally connected to the
shoes 146 and 148, respectively. Thus, it will be noted that the
rear end of the frame member 112 is pivotally connected to the
underside of the load bed 30 and the forward end is pivotally con-
nected to the lower end of the upright frame member 128 by the
shoes 146 and 148, while the lower end of the upright frame member
128 is pivotally connected to the shoes and the upper end moves
along the second elongated track means formed by the channels 124
and 126.
The upper end of the frame member 128 is propelled for-
wardly and rearwardly along the second elongated track means by a
drive mechanism, indicated generally by the reference numeral 152.
The drive mechanism is comprised of a pair of elongated, threaded
rods 154 and 156 which are disposed parallel to the channels 124
and 126. The threaded rod 154 is journaled on the web 48 of -the
I-beam 32 by a forward journal box 158 and a rear gear box 160.
The threaded rod 156 is similarly journaled on the web 49 of the
I-beam 34 by a forward journal box and a rear gear box (not shown).
A transverse drive shaf-t 162 extends through the side channel 40,
--11--
-the web 48 of the I-beam 32; the gear box 160, -the gear box (not
illustrated) for the threaded rod :L56, the web 49 of the I-beam
34, and the web of the o-ther side channel 42. A pair of hand
cranks 164 and 166 are provided at -the outer ends of the transverse
drive shaft 162 for rotating the drive shaf-t and consequently the
threaded rods 154 and 156 by means of the respective gear boxes.
It will be appreciated that the hand cranks 164 and 166 may be dis-
connected from the drive shaft 162 in such a manner as to leave
no projections extending beyond the edge of the respective side
channels 40 and 42. Nuts 168 and 170 are threaded onto -the thread-
ed rods 154 and 156, respectively, and are pivo-tally connected to
the upper end of the frame member 128 by suitable means, such as
the brackets 171 which may conveniently by connected to the trans-
verse member 136.
. From the above description of the lift apparatus 110, it
will be evident that when the hand cranks 164 and 166 are rotated
in such a manner as to move the nuts 168 and 170 forwardly along
the threaded rods 154 and 156, the upper end of the second frame
member 128 will also be moved forwardly along ~he track means 123
and the lower end of the frame member 128 will be lowered from the
load bed 30 until the shoes 146 and 148 engage the ground 150.
Then the forward end of -the semitrailer 12 and the load bed 30 will
be raised until the member 128 is ver-tical, as illustrated in Fig-
ure 4, at which ti.me the load bed will be generally horizontal.
The length of the member 128 should be selected such that the l-or-
ward end of the semitrailer 12 and be raised su:Eficielitly high
that the tractor 14 can be backed under the semitrailer to connect
the semitrailer to the fifth wheel 18. As -the lower end of the
second frame member 128 is moved away from the load bed 30 arld
the load bed is raised, it will be evident that the first fr.ame
member 112 will be placed in tension.
~ hen the hand cranks 164 and 166 are rotated in the
other direction, the nuts 168 and 170 will. be moved rearwardly
-12-
3~
along -the threaded rods 154 and 156 and the upper end of the
member 128 will also be moved rearwardly along the track means
123 formed by the channels 124 and 126. The first frame member
112 will then be placed in compression such that the lower end
of the second frame member 128 will be maintained in approximate-
ly the same position longitudinally of the load bed, while the
upper end of the second frame member 128 will be moved reardward-
ly along the track means 123. The shoes 146 and 148 will then be
moved toward the load bed 30 and the forward end of the load bed
will accordingly be lowered until it engages the ground.
It will be noted that by utilizing the threaded rods
154 and 156, the drive mechanism 152 will automatically be locked
in any intermediate position, whether in the process of raising
or lowering the load bed, without any e~ertion of force upon the
hand cranks 164 and 166. Because of the high mechanical advantage
of the drive mechanism, the two drivers of the trucks can raise or
lower the load bed even when fully loaded by the other semitrailer
and tractor combination, as hereafter described, without danger of
the hand cranks running away due to the weight of the load, and
thereby injuring the driver or damaging the vehicles. It will
also be evident that an electric or fluid motor may be used to ro-
tate the drive shaft, or the drive shaft and threaded rods may be
replaced by hydraulic or pneumatic linear actuators for moving the
upper end of the second frame member 12~ along the track means 123
Further, it should be noted that the frame members 112 and 128 are
so dimensioned as to be completely retractable be-tween the I-beams
32 and 34 and not to interfere with normal operation of the semi-
trailer and tractor combination.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
the semitrailer 12 heretofore described may be merely a flatbed
or a so-called "stake bed" for transporting various large objects.
However, it is an important aspect of the present invention to
provide a semitrailer with peripheral side boards for hauling
grain, gravel and other particulate material. Referring collec-
-13-
tively -to Figures 1, 6 and 7, a pair of side boards 180 and 181
and a pair of end gates 200 and 202 are pivotally connec-ted along
the respective lower edges to ~he load bed 30. When raised, the
side boards and end gates form a continuous fence around -the peri-
phery of -the load bed in a conventional manner, and when pivotally
lowered, assume the positions shown in Figures 1 and 7.
Referring now to Figure 8, which is a transverse sec-
-tional view through one edge of the semitrailer 12 and -the side
board 180, which is raised to the position shown in Figure 6, it
will be noted that, as previously described, the wooden decking 46
which forms the upper face of the load bed 30 rests on the trans-
verse channels 44 which are connected -to the side channel 40. The
side board 180 is comprised of a suitable frame fabricated from
square tubular metal stock. The frame has a longitudinally exten-
ding member 182 and a number of upright members 184 fabricated from
the square tubular stock. Plywood plating 186 is bolted to the
frame members 182 and 184 to complete the side board. The lower
edge of the side board 180 is pivotally connected to the upper flan-
ge of the side channel 40 of the load bed 30 by a hinge indicated
generally by the reference numeral 188. The hinge 188 is preferab-
ly of the type known as a "piano hinge" and is comprised of an
outer tubular member 190 which is cut into a plurality of segments
(not illustrated). Alternate segments are welded to the channel
40 and to the member 182. A long rod 194 is -then passed through
all of the segments of the outer tubular member 190 and functions
as the hinge pin. A second tubular member 196 is preferably wel-
ded to the underside adjacent the outer edge of the longi-tudinally
extending square tubular member 182, subs-tantially as illustrated
in Figure 8, and serves as a spacer to arrest pivotal movement of
the side board 180 when the side board is in the vertical position.
It will be no-ted that the pivotal axis of the hinge 188 is so
positioned relative to the inner face 198 of -the side board 180
that when the side board 180 is pivoted in-to the horizontal posi-
tion, the inner face 198 will rest flatly against the upper surface
~14-
of the load bed 30 so that -the other vehicle can be ~riven over
the lowered side board, as hereafter described, without damage to
the side board or the hinge.
The rear end gate 200, which may be seen in Figures 1,
6, 7 and 9, and the front end gate 202, which can be seen only in
Figure 1, are pivotally connected to -the load bed 30 by a pair of
hinges, each of which is indicated generally by the reference
numeral 204, as illustrated in detail in the horizon-tal sectional
view of Figure 9. Referring now to E'igure 9, it will be noted
that the end gate 200 is constructed in the same manner as the
side boards 180 and 181 from square tubular stock and plywood
facing. Accordingly, two upright, square tubular members 210 and
212 form a corner post 213, while a horizontal member 214 forms
the lower edge of the end gate 200. A plywood panel 216 is bol-ted
to the inner surfaces of the square tubular members in any suitable
manner to complete the end gate. A pair of upright plates 206 and
208 are welded to the upper flange of the side channel 42 and form
a trunnion. A hinge strap 217 is comprised of an outer post 213,
and an inner plate 220 which is welded to the inner surface of the
; 20 corner post 213. The plates 218 and 220 are bent substantially as
illustrated to mate and form the hinge strap 217 which then ex-
tends between the plates 206 and 208. A bolt 222 extends through
suitable apertures in the trunnion plates 206 and 208 and in the
hinge strap 217 and functions as a hinge pin.
It will be noted that the inner face 226 of the plywood
panel 216 is offset from the center of the bolt 222 which serves
as the pivot pin of the hinge 204 and the bolt 222 is also raised
from the face of the load bed 30. Thus, it will be noted that
when the side boards 180 and 181 are pivoted from the vertical
position into the horizontal position and lay flat on the load
bed 30, the end gates 200 and 202 can then be pivoted into the
horizontal position illustrated in Figures 1 and 7 and will over-
lie the side boards 180 and 181. In the connection, the total
94
distance the inner face 226 is offset from the center of the
pivot bol-t 2~2 plus the distance the center of the pivot bolt 222
is above the face of the load bed 30 should eaual the -thickness
of the side boards 180 and 181 such that -the entire surface of
the end gates will contact the side boards. Then, when the semi-
trailer and tractor are driven over the folded down end gates and
side boards, as hereafter described, the end gates 200 and 202 and
the hinges 188 and 204 will not be damaged.
If desired, a plurality of ribs 230 having a triangular
shape as illustrated in Figure 6 may extend transversely of the
load bed between the upper edges of the side boards 180 and 181 to
brace the side boards in upright position and to provide a support
for a tarpaulin or other protective covering in a conventional
manner. When the ribs 230 are disconnected and the side boards
and end gates folded down, the ribs 230 may be stored between the
side boards 180 and 181 on the load bed 30 as illustrated in Fig-
ure 7.
A track means 232 extending longitudinally of the trac-
tor chassis and sloping upwardly from the rear of the tractor
toward the front of the tractor is provided for slidably mounting
the fifth wheel 18. The track means 232 may be similar in construc-
tion to the track means formed by the lower flanges 50 and 54, ex-
cept upwardly facing. A frame 234, which may be constructed in
the same manner as the bogie wheel frame 56, is slidably connected
to the track means 232 in the same manner as the bogie frame 56
is connected to the track means formed by the flanges 50 and 54.
The fifth wheel 18 is then pivotally connected to the frame 234 by
a horizontal, transversely extending axle in the same manner that
fifth wheels are conventionally connected to the chassis of a trac-
tor. As the frame 234 and fifth wheel 18 are moved forwardly over
the upwardly sloping track means 232, to shorten -the wheel base of
the vehicle in accordance with one aspect of the presen-t invention,
the fifth wheel 18 and consequently the forward end of the semi-
-16-
trailer 12 will be raised sufficiently to clear the rear end of
the tractor 14. In some cases i-t may be unnecessary to utilize
the movable fif-th wheel to shorten the wheel base of the vehicle,
and in cases where the load bed is so designated to clear the
rear of the tractor when the fifth wheel is moved forwardly, of
course the track means 232 may be level. However, in extreme
cases, both features may be necessary.
A plurality of cable winches 240 may conveniently be
connected to the edges of the load bed 30 for securing the semi-
trailer and tractor combination 10 on the load bed of the semi.-
trailer 26. A pair of the cable winches 240 are preferably con-
nected at the front and rear ends of each of the load beds, as
best seen in Figure 7, and another pair of winches are preferably
connected to the sides of each of the load beds 30 adjacent the
forward ends thereof, as best seen in Figure 1, for purposes here-
after described.
Operation
When using the semi-trailer and tractor combinations 10
and 19 to haul grain or the like, the two vehicles will be loaded
with the pay loads at one point and be driven to a destination by
a pair of drivers. After unloading the cargo at the destination,
the two drivers may then work together to prepare the vehicles for
the return trip in accordance with the method of the present inven-
tion as follows. First the tarpaulin (not illustrated) and ribs
230 are removed from the side boards 180 and 181 of each truck.
Next, the side boards 180 and 181 are pivoted into horizontal
positions such that the inner face 1~8 rests uniformly upon the
upper face of the load bed 30. The end gates 200 and 202 are then
pivoted into the horizontal position and rest upon the horizontally
disposed side boards 180 and 181. The ribs 230 and tarpualin for
each semi-trailer may then be placed on the respective load beds
30 between the side boards as illustrated in Figure 7.
Next, the left apparatus 110 on the semi-trailer 26 is
-17-
lowered to the position shown in Figure 4 so as to engage the
ground and support the forward end of the semi-trailer 26 so that
the tractor 20 can then be driven from under the semi-trailer.
If necessary, the rear bogie wheels of the semi-trailer 26 can be
locked by air brakes in the conventional manner while the tractor
20 is moved from under the semi-trailer. The forward end of the
semi-trailer 26 can then be lowerecl by operation of the hand cranks
164 and 166 until the forward end rests on the surface of the
ground ~0 to form an inclined ramp
The wheel base of the semi-trailer and tractor combina-
tion 10 is then reduced in the following manner. First, the rear
support or bogie wheels 84 and 86 are locked and the bar 101 is
removed from the web of the I-beams 32 and 34 such that the bogie
wheel frame 56 is free to slide forwardly along the track means
- formed by the flanges 50 and 54. The tractor 14 is then backed
up until the semi-trailer 12 is moved rearwardly over the bogie
wheel frame 56 and bogie wheels 84 and 86 and the forward stops
102 engage the forward end of the bogie frame 56. Then the bar
101 is inserted in the apertures 104 to lock the bogie frame and
the bogie frame 56 moved forwardly, relative to the load bed 30,
along the sloping track means formed by the flanges 50 and 54,
the sloping track will raise the rear end of the semi-trailer 12
relative to the bogie wheels 84 and 86 and therefore relative to
the surface supporting the wheels.
If necessary, the fifth wheel 18 on the tractor 14 is
- moved from the rear position to the forward position as illustra-
ted in Figure 1. This can be accomplished merely by releasing
whatever stops (not illustrated) secure the fifth wheel frame 234
in the rear position on the -track means 232, and backing the trac-
tor 14, with the bogie wheels 84 and 86 still locked, until the
fifth wheel is in the forward position. As the fifth wheel 18
is moved forward, the forward end of the load bed 30 will be
raised sufficiently that the center portions of the I-beams 32
-18-
and 34 will not contac-t the rear end of the trac-tor 14 as the
vehicle is maneuvered as hereaEter described. Even though -the
forward end of the load bed 30 is raised slightly by -the inclined
track means 232, due to the relatively grea-t distance to the bo-
gie wheels 84 and 86, the rear end of the load bed 30 will not
be appreciably lowered.
After the bogie wheel frame 56 has been moved to the
forward posi-tion on the inclined track means of the load bed, and
the fifth wheel 18 has been moved to the forward position on the
inclined track means 232, the overall wheel base of the semi~
trailer and tractor combination 10 will be appreciably less than
the length of the load bed 30 of the semi-trailer 26. It will be
appreciated that on some vehicles it will be unnecessary to move
the fifth wheel 18 forward to reduce the overall wheel base of
the vehicle and accordingly, the track means 232 may be eliminated.
Next, the shortened semi-trailer and tractor combination
10 is driven forwardly onto the semi-~railer 26 such that the trac-
tor 14 will be positioned at the rear end of the semi-trailer 26,
as illustrated in Figure 1. The lift apparatus 110 is then actu-
ated by rotation of the hand cranks 164 and 166 to raise the for-
ward end of the semi-trailer 26 sufficiently high that the tractor
20 may be backed under the forward end which is then connected to
the fifth wheel 24. The raised rear end of the semi-trailer 12
will extend over the cab of the tractor 20, substantially as illu-
strated in Figure 1, and will permit complete maneuverability of
the vehicle. The lift apparatus 110 may then be retracted so that
the semi-trailer 26 will be roadable. A series of chocks 242 may
be placed on each side of the bogie wheels 84 and 86 of the semi~
trailer 12 and on each side of the wheels of the tractor 14. The
cables 244 from the cable winches 240 located on each of the semi~
trailers are then connected to the other semi-trailer and tightened
to secure the semi-trailer and tractor combination 10 in position.
In this respect, it will be noted that the cables 244 from the
--19--
winches 240 on the rear of the semi-trailer 26 are connec-ted to
the front of the tractor 14, the cables 244 from the winches 240
at the front of the semi-trailer 26 are connected to the bogie
wheel frame 56 of the semi-trailer 12, the cables 244 from the
winches 240 along the sides of -the semi-trailer 12 ex~end down-
wardly and are connected to -the semi-trailer 26.
With the semi-trailer and tractor combination 10 thus
secured, the semi-trailer and tractor combination 19 may then be
driven back to the point of origin of the trip. In this connec-
tion, it will be appreciated that -the two drivers working together
can relatively quickly load one of the semi-trailer vehicles on
the other. Then the two drivers can start the return trip immedi-
ately, taking turns driving the tractor 20 and resting in the
sleeper cab 22 which is illustrated.
Another embodiment of the invention is depicted in
Figures 10-13 of the drawings. In these drawings, a portion of a
semi-trailer, designated generally by reference numeral 300, is
illustrated. The semi-trailer 300 includes an elongated load bed
310, the rear portion of which is portrayed in Figures 10-13. The
load bed 310 is fabricated from a pair of longitudinally extending
parallel I-beams 312 and 314 which extend the entire length of the
load bed, and are interconnected at the ends in the manner previ-
ously described herein. Positioned intermediate the I-beams 312
and 314, and extending substantially parallel thereto, is a rela-
tively smaller and shorter central I-beam 316 which is suspended
beneath the plates of the load bed deck or floor, and is retained
and supported by a means of suitable, transverse cross braces 320
in its position between the main I-beams 312 and 314. Plywood or
other wooden decking can be used for securement to the upper sides
30 of the several I beams, and formation of the load supporting sur-
face of the elongated load bed of the semi-trailer in the manner
hereinbefore described.
In referring to the I-beams 312 and 314 employed in the
:.'
-20-
'
embodiment of the invention illustra-ted in Figure 10 14, i-t will
be noted that, as contrasted with the beams 32 and 34 described
in referring to an earlier embodiment herein described, the I-
beams of the present embodiment have lower flanges 322 and 324
which are straight throughout the length of the I-beams, and ex-
tend parallel to the top flange thereof. The lower flanges 322
and 324 of the I-beams 312 and 314 form tracks for a bogie wheel
subassembly, designated generally k,y reference numeral 325. Each
of the lower flanges 322 and 324 has a slot ~322a and 324a, res-
pectively) formed in the outer side of the flange for a purpose
hereinafter described. The bogie wheel subassembly 325 includes
a framework formed by a pair of longitudinally extending frame
members 326 which are interconnected and joined by a forward,
transversely extending frame member 328, a rear, transversely ex-
tending frame member 330 and a pair of intermediate or centrally
- located transversely extending frame members 332 and 334. There
are also provided, as a portion of the framework, a pair of diag-
onal brace members 336 and 338 which extend diagonally across the
front portion of the frame as shown in Figure 11.
The bogie wheel subassembly framework carries, at the
forward side thereof, two pairs of transversely spaced, downwardly
extending brackets 339. Each bracket pair 339 pivotally engages
and supports the forward end of a front leaf spring 340. The
front leaf springs 340 are utilized to suspend and support beneath
the framework, ground engaging wheels 342. The rear end of each
front leaf spring 340 is engaged by a suitable stud or pin 344
which fastens or secures the leaf spring to an anchor plate 346.
; In referrring to Figures 10 and 11, it will be noted that a pair
of the anchor plates 346 are provided, and are welded to the lon-
gitudinally extending frame members 326 and project downwardly
from these frame members at opposite sides of the framework. A
pair of rear leaf springs 350 are provided for the purpose of sup-
porting the second of the tandem ground engaging wheels 352 of -the
21~
bogie struc-ture, and each of the rear leaf springs 350 has its
forward end secured between a palr of downwardly projecting sup-
port brackets 354. The opposed ground engaging wheels 342 and
352 of the bogie struc-ture are in-terconnected by sui-table spaced
axles 358 and 360 in a manner well understood in the art, and as
shown in Figures 11 and 12.
At the outer side of the framework of the bogie wheel
subassembly 325, a pair of ramp plates 362 and 364 are secured
to the respective longitudinal frame members 326 so as to extend
at an incline with respect to the horizontal as best shown in
Figures 10 and 13. Each of the ramp members 362 and 364 is sup-
ported at its rear, most elevated end by means of a vertically
extending post 366 which is secured to the outer side of the res-
pective longitudinally extending frame member 326. Each of the
posts 366 carries a retaining plate 367 which extends over the
outer side of the lower flange 322 or 324 of the respective I-
beam , and tracks along this flange as the load bed 310 is moved
: relative to the bogie wheel subassembly 325 in a manner herein-
after described. It may here be pointed out that the retaining
plates 367 are of lesser width than the slots 322a and 324a here-
inbeEore described, so that the retaining plates are able to pass
through these slots in the lower flanges of the I-beams.
For the purpose of pivotally engaging the bogie wheel
subassembly 325 with the I-beams 312 and 314 of the load bed 310,
a pair of slide brackets 368 and 370 are pivotally secured by
means of hinges 372 and 374, respectively, to the forward side of
the forward, transversely extending frame member 328. The purpose
of this pivotal connection will be hereinafter explained. Each
- of the slide brackets 368 and 370 is of generally C-shaped config-
uration as shown in Figure 12, and -thus is provided with a pair
- of opposed upper flanges which engage and ride upon the upper sides
of the lower flanges 322 and 324 of -the I-beams 312 and 314, res-
pectively. The slide krackets 368 and 370 are -thus free to slide
-22-
along the I-beams 312 and 314 in a fore and af-t direction as -the
entire bogie wheel subassembly 325 is moved in relation to the
elongated load bed 310 in a manner, and for a purpose, hereinaf-ter
explained. At the central portion of the forward, transversely
extending frame member 28, a central slide bracket 376 is secured
to the upper side of a pillow block :377 which is pivotally secured
to the transversely extending frame member 328 by means of a hinge
connection 378. The hinge connection 378 facilitates pivotation
of the pillow block 377 and the central slide bracket 376 about a
horizontal axis. The central slide bracket 376 is constructed
similarly to the slide brackets 368 and 370 so that upper flanges
thereof engage the upper side of the lower flange of the central
I-beam 316.
Mounted on the pillow block 377 on opposite sides of the
central slide bracket 376 are a pair of hydraulic piston and cy
linder subassemblies 380 and 382. The hydraulic piston and cylin-
der subassemblies 380 and 382 include extensible piston rods 384
and 386, respectively, which can, upon actuation of the subassem-
blies, be extended through holes formed through the adjacent sides
of the central slide bracket 376. These holes and the direction
of extension of piston rods 384 and 386 are such that when the pis-
ton rods are extended, they will engage and interlock with notches
or reliefs 387 found in the opposite side edges of the lower flange
of the central I-beam 316. This engagement, when effected, locks
the bogie wheel subassembly 325 in a fixed position in relation to
the elongated load bed 310.
For the purpose of enabling the bogie wheel subassembly
325 to be moved in a longitudinal direction relative to the elon-
gated load bed 310, a plurality of rollers 388, 390, 392 and 394
are rotatably mounted in -the longitudinally extending frame mem~
bers 326 and project above the upper surface thereof for rolling
contact with the lower side of the lower flanges 322 and 324 of
the longitudinally extending I-beams 312 and 314.
9L9~
Secured to the web portion of each of the longi-tudinally
extending paralle~ I-beams 312, 314 and projecting outwardly there-
from on opposite sides of the elongated load bed 310, are a pair
of rolle~ 396 and 398. The rollers 396 and 398 are positioned
relatively low on the web portions of the respective longitudinally
extending parallel T-beams, and are aligned with the inclined ramp
plates 362 and 364 carried on the bogie subassembly 325 for a pur-
pose hereinafter described.
At the rear end of the elongated load bed 310, a retrac-
table bumper assembly is provided, and is designated generally by
reference numeral 400. The retractable bumper assembly 400 inclu-
des a pair of substantially parallel, downwardly extending suppor-
ting plates 402 and 404 which are connected at the lower ends
thereof to an elongated, substantially horizontally extending
channel shaped bumper 406. The upper end portions of the down-
wardly extending supporting plates 402 and 404 extend through cut-
away portions on the inner side of the lower flanges 322 and 324
of the respective longitudinally extending I-beams 312 and 314.
The end portions of the supporting plates pass adjacent L-shaped
retainer plates 410 and 412 mounted on the inner sides of the I-
beams 312 and 314 by securement of the lower edges of the retainer
plates to the inner edges of the I~beam lower flanges 322 and 324
in a manner best illustrated in Figures 11 and 13.
The upper portions of -the downwardly extending supporting
plates 402 and 404 are pivotally connected between the web portions
of the elongated, longitudinally extending I-beams 312 and 314 and
the L~shaped reta:iner plates 410 and 415 by means of pivot pins
416 and 418, which pivot pins are projected through aligned holes
in the I-beams and retainer plates. Spaced from the pivot pins
416 and 418 are a pair of locking bolts 420 and 422, which locking
bolts are extended through aligned holes in the upper ends of the
I-beams 312 and 314 and in the retainer plates 410 and 412. Both
the pivot pins 416 and 418 and the locking bolts 420 and 422 are
-24-
9~
employed when the bumper is in its extended, operative position
as shown in Figu.re 13, and in Figure 10 (in full lines).
At a time when it is desired to store the bumper assem-
bly and move it upwardly into aligmnen-t with the I-beams 312 and
314 to thereby eliminate the downwardly extending obstruction con-
stituted by the bumper in its operative position, the pivot pins
416 and 418 and also the locking bo:Lts 420 and 422 are removed,
and the bumper is lifted upwardly and pushed forward into a s-tored
position in which it extends in a horizontal direction between the
retainer plates 410 and 412, and the webs of the I-beams 312 and
314, as shown in dashed lines in Figure 10. When the bumper assem-
bly 400 is moved to this stored status, the locking bolts 420 and
422 can be used to secure the bumper assembly in this position by
extending the bolts through holes formed through the webs of the
respective I-beam 312 or 314, and the holes formed in the upper
end portions of the dcwnwardly extending supporting plates 402 and
404 (used in the operative, downwardly extending position of the
bumper, for then accommodating the locking bolts 420 and 422).
The purpose of this retractable, stored status arrangement of the
bumper will be hereinafter explained in greater detail.
Operation of the Embodiment of the
Invention Depicted in Figures 10-14
The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures
10-14 provides yet another structure which may be employed for
the purpose of elevating the rear end portion of the semi-trailer
300 of a tractor-semi-trailer arrangement for the purpose of piggy-
back transport in the manner hereinbefore described. Stated dif-
ferently, by the use of the structure depicted in Figures 10-14,
the rear end portion of the elongated load bed 310 of the semi-
trailer 300 can be elevated above its normal, over-the-road posi-
tion so that the elevated rear end of the load bed can pass over
and clear the cab of a towing tractor in the same manner as that
embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1.
-25-
9~
In describing the operation of -this embodiment of the
inven-tion, it may be initially pointed out that basically, the
end portion of the elongated load bed 310 is elevated by moving
the bogie wheel subassembly 325 between two operative positions.
These are the two positions illustrated by the two full line pos-
itions of the bogie wheel subassembly 325 shown in Figures 10 and
14. Referring first to Figure 10, this position is -the over-the-
road position in which the elongated load bed 310 is substantially
level, and extends substantially hori~ontally, and in which the
semi-trailer 300 is used for carrying a load in regular -transport
service. In this position, the bogie wheel subassembly 325 is lo-
cated relatively far to the rear on the elongated load bed 310,
and at this time it will be noted that the ramp plates 362 and 364
are relatively far displaced rearwardly from the ramp engaging
rollers 396 and 398 carried on the web portions of the I-beam 312
and 314. It will further be noted that the rollers 388-394 mounted
in the longitudinally extending frame members 326 are in rolling
contact with the lower side of the lower flanges 322 and 324 of
the I-beams 312 and 314. Finally, it will be noted that the hy-
draulic piston and cylinder subassemblies 380 and 382, and also
the central slide bracket 376, are relatively far displaced toward
the rear of the I-beam 316. In this arrangement, the full weight
of the load, as supported on the elongated load bed 310, is trans-
mitted to the tandem wheels 342 and 352 of the bogie wheel sub-
assembly 325. The bogie wheel subassembly 325 i5 retained in the
described position by the engagement of the piston rods 384 and
386 of the subassemblies 380 and 382 with the reliefs 387 formed
: in the opposite edges of the lower flange of the central I-beam
316.
It is frequently desirable with various types of cargoes
placed in locations resulting in different weight distribution
patterns on the elongated load bed 310 to change the position of
the tandem wheels 342 and 352 in relation to the total length of
-26-
the load bed. The capabili-ty o changiny the position of -the
ground engaging wheels relative to -the total length of -the loa~ bed
will afford be-tter distribution of -the total ~leight as between -the
tandem wheels forming a portion of -the bogie ~ubassembly 325, and
the wheels located at the forward end of the semi-trailer 300.
Further, the extent to which the serni-trailer and its load will
bounce or ride roughly over uneven terrain or rough roads can also
be ameliorated by adjustment of the position of the bogie wheel
subassembly 325 in the manner described.
For the purpose of making this type of adjustment in the
position of the bogie wheel subassembly 325 in relation to the elon-
gated load bed 310, the ground engaging wheels 342 and 352 may be
chocked so as to prevent their movement, and the tractor connected
to the semi-trailer 300 then used to back or advance the semi-
trailer 300 and its load bed 310 in relation to the fixed or bloc-
ked ground engaging wheels 342 and 352. During this relative move-
ment accomplished by the tractor, the hydraulic piston and cylinder
subassemblies 382 and 380 are actuated to retract the piston rods
384 and 386 and disengage them from the reliefs 387 formed in the
lower flange of the central I-beam 316, and the central slide brac-
ket 376 is free to slide along the lower flange of the central I-
beam. The slide brackets 368 and 370 carried at opposite sides of
the framework of the bogie wheel subassembly can also slide freely
on the respective lower flanges 322 and 324 of the elongated, lon-
gitudinally extending I-beams 312 and 314. After the elongated
load bed 310 has :been shifted relative to the bogie wheel sub-
assembly 325 in the manner described, the subassembly is locked in
the position to which it is adjusted on the load bed by again
causing the extension of the piston rods 384 and 386 into locking
engagement with the reliefs 387 formed in the lower flange of the
central I-beam 316.
When it is desired to mount the semi-t.railer 300 on the
load bed of another semi-trailer for piggyback -transport in -the
3~
manner hereinbefore described, the ground engaging wheels 342 and
352 are again chocked to preven-t movement relative to -the ground,
and the piston rods 384 and 386 of -the piston and cylinder sub-
assemblies 380 and 382 are re-trac-ted to disengage the bogie wheel
subassembly 325 from the load bed 310. The tractor connected to
the forward end of the load bed 310 is then backed to cause move-
ment of the semi-trailer 300 relative to -the bogie wheel subassem-
bly 325. In effect, the bogie wheels are caused to move forward,
in a relative sense, on the load bed 310. Such forward relative
movement of the bogie wheel subassembly 326 ls continued until -the
central slide bracket 376 has approached the forwardmos-t reliefs
387 formed at this point (the forward end of the lower flange of
the central I-beam 316).
As the bogie wheel subassembly 326 approaches -this pos-
ition, the ramp plates 362 and 365 approach and make contact with
the rollers 396 and 398 carried on, and projecting outwardly from,
the web portions of the elongated, longitudinally extending I-
beams 312 and 314. Continued backing of the elongated load bed
310 results in the rear portion of the bogie wheel subassembly 325
being moved downwardly relative to the I-beams 312 and 314 of the
elongated load bed 310. In actuality, the rear portion of the
elongated load bed 310 is elevated from its horizontally ex-tending
or level position in the manner shown in Figure 14 where -the over-
the-road transport position of the load bed is depicted in dashed
lines, and its elevated, piggyback transport position is illustra-
ted in full lines. The downward movement of the rear portion of
the bogie wheel subassembly 325 relative to -the load bed 310 can
occur because the retaining plates 367 projecting from the posts
366 can pass through the slots 322a and 324a, and because the
slide brackets 368, 370 and 376 are all pivotally connected to the
framework at the bogie wheel subassembly. When the described ele-
vated status of the load bed has been achieved, the piston rods
384 and 386 of -the piston and cylinder subassemblies 380 and 382
-28-
are again extended so as to engage the slots or openings formed
in the lower flange of -the central I-beam 316, -thus locking the
bogle wheel subassembly 325 in the piggyback transport position.
In order to prevent the retractable bumper assembly 400
from interfering with the extension of -the raised rear portion of
the load bed 310 of the semi-trailer 300 over -the cab of the trac-
tor-semi-trailer combination upon w:hich the semi-trailer 300 is
to be mounted for piggyback transport, the pivot pins 416 and 418
and the locking bolts 420 and 422 are removed from their positions
of engagement with the upper end portions of the downwardly exten-
ding supporting plates 402 and 404, and the bumper 408 is then
lifted upwardly and is pivoted so that the plates 402 and 404 can
be pushed forward into their stored positions in which they lie
between the retaining plates 410 and 412 and the webs of the I-
beams 412 and 414. The stored status of the retractable bumper
assembly 400, preparatory to loading the semi-trailer 300 on the
bed of the second semi-trailer for over-the-road transport is
illustrated in dashed lines in Figu.re 10~
After the bogie wheel subassembly 325 and the retractable
bumper assembly 400 have been placed .in the piggyback transport
status in the manner described, the semi-trailer 300 can be loaded
upon the load bed of a second semi-trailer for piggyback transport
in the manner hereinbefore described.
Having -thus described several preferred embodiments and
subcombinations of the present invention, it is to be understood
that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made
therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
invention as defined by the appended claims.
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