Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
The present invention relates to detergent compositions
and especially to a nonionic detergent composition having an im-
10 proved combination of sudsing behaviour and of cleaning performance,particularly with regard to greasy and oily stains.
Detergent compositions presently finding wide-spread use
normally contain a water-soluble organic anionic detergent as the
principal soil-removal component. Such detergent compositions find
15 utility in removing a wide range of stains. ~owever, their ability
to remove grease and oil stains is somewhat limited. Such a
deficiency is especially apparen! when polyester fabrics which
have been soiled with various grease and oil stains are laundered
in aqueous laundry baths. Attempts at formulating anionic deter-
20 gent compositions containing specific grease and oil removaladditives, e.g. enzymes, have not been fully satisfactory.
Water-soluble organic nonionic detergents are known .o be
especially good at removing grease and oil stainsO While these
nonionic detergents perform reasonably well in this respect,
25 detergent compositions containing ~hem as the major soil-removal
- ' ~
. ~LI[~50375!~
agent have not been significan~ly commercialized. Various draw-
backs relating to processing and perf'orman~e have hindered the
introduction of a nonionic detergent-based composition. For
example, certain nonionic organic detergen~s are composed of rela-
S tively volatile components; aqueous slurries c,ontaining such com-
- ponents in a significant amount create when spray-dried an unaccept-
able stack-emission problem. Elaborate processing techniques such
as the use of inorganic carriers for the nonionic organic deter-
gents eliminate the need for including the detergent in the spray-
~0 dryLng process; however, these processing technigues are not with-
'out ~heir own special problems.
The suds pattern of a water-soluble organic nonionic deter-
gent-containing detergent composition is also unacceptable under
certain washing conditions, e.g. European conditions where drum
15 washing machines are used. As a general rule, a copious amount of
suds is desired only when the detergent composition is used for
washing by hand. ~or other uses, e.g. drum-machine washing in
Europe, a small degree of sudsing throughout the washing process
is desired. Modifying the suds pattern of a water-soluble organic
20 nonionic detergent-containing detergent composition has been an
arduous task. This fact, together with the heretofore discussed
problems associated with the water-soluble organic detergents, has
tended to offset the nonionic detergents primary attribute, i.e.
their good grease and oil stain removal property.
Heretofore, the nonionic organic detergents that have been
used in detergent compositions have been of the water-soluble type.
It has always been assumed that an organic detergent could pro-
perly perform its soil-remo~al function only if in water solution.
The use of water-insoluble detergents has been mainly limited to
30 solvent-based compositions intended for use in the dry-cleaning
industry. Water-insoluble organic nonionic detergents that have
ilOi5~ 371~
been used in detergent compositions have been used only in
conjunction ~ith relatively large amount o~ a water-soluble
anionic or nonionic detergent. For example, sritish atent
specification 716,641 discloses the use of a water-insoluble
organic nonionic detergent as part of a mixture at a level of
from 10~ to 70~, the remaining portion of the mixture being a
water-soluble organic nonionic detergent. Canadian Patent
No. 860,898 and German patent specification 2,109,892 also con-
tain disclosures of the utility of water-insoluble organic non-
ionic deter~ents in detergent compositions, but not as a major
portion of the total detergent system.
It has been discovered, as disclosed in our copending
Canadian application no. 218,740 ~iled January 27, 1975, that a
properly formulated detergent composition containing a water-
insoluble organic nonionic detergent as the principal detergent
can be made. Such a composition is especially adapted for
removing grease and oil stains; additionally it is also feasible
to produce such a composition via a spray-drying process.
The composition disclosed in Canadian application
no. 218,740 is especially adapted for removal of grease and oil
stains, and comprises
(a) at least 6% of a water-insoluble polyalkoxy
organic nonionic detergent having the formula
RtOCXH2x)nOH, wherein R represents an alkyl or
alkenyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms
or an alkylated or alkenylated phen~l group
having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl
or alkenyl group, x is 2 or 3 and n is from
1 to 8, and having an HLB ~as hereinafter
defined~ of less than 10.0;
~050378
(b) a water-soluble electrolyte in an amou~t sufficic~t
to aid in the action of the water-insoluble ~onionic
detergent, and . . .
(c) from 0 to 30%, by weight o'E the total organic ~eter-
gent, of organic anionic~zwitterionic or ampholytic
detergent.
~he aforesaid compositions may also contain a proportion
of a water-soluble nonionic detergent having an HLB greater
than 10.0 pr.ovided that the HIB of ~he mixed nonionic detergent
10 system is less than 10Ø
- It has now been discovered that, provided that a special
~arrowly defined class of poorly water soluble nonionic surfac-
`tan~s is employed, certai~ specified mixtures of water-soluble
.
nonionic detergent~ wi~h said poorly water-soluble surfactants,
15 even though the HLB of the mixtures is a little above 10.0, have
especially advantageous ~ropertie5. These compositions have an
improved co~bination of low sudsing in the wash - especially in `
the wash at temperatures from 60C, and more especially from 80
C, to the boil - and excellent clea~ing both of average.soiling
20 and of greasy or oily soiling. Thus they may clean as well as
prior-art compositions and provide better suds control in the
wash, or they may clean better and provide similar suds control,
or they may both clean better and control suds better.
In particular, the present invention provides a aetergent
25 composition co~prising
(A) a nonionic polyethoxy surfactant ha~ing an HLB, as
hereindefined, in the range from 11 to 14.~;
(B) a compound of the gener~l formula
~ C~cH2o(cH2cH2o)nH ~I)
- 4 -
~ ' . . .
~)S0378
wherein Rl is a straight chained alkyl group, R2
is H or -C~3, the total number of car~on atoms in
Rl and R2 is from 10 to 13, R2 is CH3 in from 40%
to 60%by weight of the unethoxylated alcohols having
the formula
., , Rl , , ' `
~ CHCH O~
R2 .
l and the average degree of ethoxylation n is from 2.5
to 4; and
(C) a water-soluble electrolyte in an amount suficient
to aid in the action of the water~insoluble nonionic
detergent;
there being present from 6~ tQ 30% by weight of components (A)
and ~B) together, the weight ratio of component (A~ to component
(B) being from ~ 4 to 4,:1.- _ the composition containing not
15 more than 15~ of anionic surfactant by weight of components (A~
and (B~ together.
Preferably the weight ratio of components (A) and tB)
together to component ~C) is from 1:15 to 1:2, but when insoluble
builders as described hereinafter are employed, lower levels of
20 soluble electrolyte may be used extending the abo~e range to 2:1,
and especially from 1:4 to 2:1.
It is surprising that the combination of a polye~hoxy non~
ionic surfactant wi~h the particular branched-chain compounds ~B),
in the specified proportions, has advantages ovex corresponding
compositions wherein the components ~A) and (B) are present in
different proportions, or wherein the component (B) is replaced
by nonionic surfactants of similar HLB but of different constitu~
tion, such as ethoxylated linear primary or secondary alcohols.
A ..
~1~35~37~
The polyethox~v nonionic surfactants of comPonent (~)
of the com~osition o the present invention have the formula
RO(CH2CHzO~mH (III)
wherein R is a hydrocarbyl grou~ and m is such that the sur-
factant has the specified HLB value.
The hydrocarbyl portion of the above-described mater-
ials gives rise to their lipophilic characteristics, whereas
the ethylene oxide portion determines their hydrophilic charac-
teristics. The overall hydrophilic-lipophilic characteristics
for a given hydrocarbyl-alkylene oxide condensate are reflected
in the balance of these two factors, i.e. the hydrophilic-lipo-
philic balance (HLB). The HLB of the ethoxylated nonionics of
this invention can be experimentally determined in known fashion
or calculated. They are calculated in the manner set forth in
Becker, "Fmulsions Theory and Practice" Reinhold Publi~hing Co.,
pages 233 and 248. For example, the equation HLB = B/5 wherein
B is the weight percentage of oxyethylene content, is used to
calculate the HLB of the fatty alcohol ethoxylates employed
herein.
All manner of hydrocarbyl materials, such as branched~
chain and straight-chain alcohols and alkylphenols, primary,
secondary and tertiary alcohols, olefinic alcohols and the like,
having the requisite number of carbon atoms may be used to pre-
pare the ethoxylated detergents. Glycols and polyols may also
be used, but monohydric alcoholic and monohydric alkyl phenolic
ethoxylates are preferred.
The alkyl phenol ethoxylates most suitable are those
having 6 to 12, preferably 8 or 9 carbon atoms in the alkyl
group. Though effective, the alkyl phenol derivatives are less
réadily biodegradable than the alkyl derivatives. The alkyl
ethoxylates may be derived ~rom primary or secondary, branched
or unbranched
l~S~;~78
monohydric alcohols having lO to ~0 carbon atoms. It is pre-
ferred that a major proportion, for instance over 60% by weight,should have 13 to 15 carbon atoms, with a low level particularly
of C12 or lower alcohols. Primary alcohols, branched or un-
branched, are generally preferred to secondary alcohols. Par-
~ ticularly preferred are alkyl ethoxylates of the general formula
R . ..
1~ . ,.
~ ~ ( 2CH2 )m
~. ' ... . .
wherein Rl, R2 and m are -as defined above. It is further pre-
:.;- ferred thzt R2 be CH3 in from 20% to 26% by weight of the unethoxy-
lated alcohois. Commercially available materials of this type aresold under the trade marks "Dobanol" (Shell Chemicals~ and
~Lutensol" (BASF).
Examples of other polyethoxy nonionic suractants are
~he products of the condensation of the appropriate proportion of
ethylene oxide, to obtain the proper HLB value, in linear primary
alcohols, such as those rom natural fats~ e.g. coconut oilt palm
kernel oil, tallow and the li~e, or on linear primary alcohols
derived synthetically, as by ~he Ziegler process. "Tergitolsn
(trade mark), e.gO the "Tergitoll' 15-S series, are examples of
ethoxylated linear secondary alcohols. Primary and secondary
alkenyl alcohols, e.g. dodecenol or oleyl alcohol, may be used~
and branched-chain saturated alcohols, optionally more highly
branched than the most Rreferred group described above, for
instance derived by the well known OXO process, are also suitable.
The ~Synperonics" (trade mark) marketed by I.C.I. Limited are of
this class and are believed to have the general formula (IV) above
wherein R2 ïs CH3 in from 40 to 60% by weight of the unethoxylated
alcohols.
- 7 -
10~iO378
The component (B~ of the compositions is already nar-
rowly defined. ~ost preferred are compounds wherein R2 is CH3
in from 45 to 55% by weight of the unethoxylated alcohols, the
alcohols consist essentially of a mixture of Cl3 and C15 alcohols
(i.e. Rl and R2 have a total of ll and 13 carbon atoms), and
n is about 3. The remainder of the alkyl groups should be
linear, apart from the small amounts of more highly branched
groups to be expected in commercial products. A commercial
source of suitable surfactants is found in the "synperonics"
(trade mark), expecially "synperonic-E-3", marketed by I.C.I.
Limited.
It is preferred that the ratio, by weight, of compo-
nent (A) to component (B) should be in the range of from 3:7 to
1:1.
It is generally preferred that the compositions should
contain little or no anionic (soap or non-soap) surfactant, but
often small quantities not over 15%, preferably not over 10~, by
weight of the total nonionics components (A) and (B) together
are added to facilitate manufacture of the compositions, as more
fully described below.
The amount of nonionic detergent (A) plus (B) is from
6% to 30%, preferably 10% to 20% by weight.
The electrolyte used in the composition of this inven-
tion may be any of several known compounds capable of dissociat-
ing into ions when added to water. Such compounds are necessary
for use with the organic nonionic detergent mixture to obtain
proper cleaning performance. It is theorizèd that the electro-
lyte (1) prevents a gel-like phase formation when the present
compositions are added to water and~or (2) aids in dispersing the
water-insoluble nonionic detergent in water, especially at low
temperatures. Regardless of the mechanism by which the electro-
lyte aids in the proper performance of the nonionic detergent,
37~
its presence i5 necessary. The electrolyte is also needed for
the role it plays in the physical form of the detergent composi-
tion. That is, in solid forms of the present com~ositions, it
provides a crystalline structure to absorb the liquid nonionic
detergent. Suitable electrolytes are selected from the water-
soluble alkali metal and alkaline earth metal phosphates, car-
bonates, carboxylates, sulfates and chlorides. Examples o~
sàlts of this type are sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate,
potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium
.
citrate, sodlum propionate, sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium
oleate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate,
magnesium sulfate~ and trisodium sulfosuccinate. It should be
understood that the foregoing list is merely illustrative and
not limiting of the electrolytes that are useful in the context
of this invention.
Preferred compositions of the invention are the
granule-type detergent compositions intended for heavy-dutv
laundering. Such compositions generally contain a water-soluble
alkaline detergency builder. It should be understood that
certain of the above-mentioned electrolytes also possess builder
properties. These electrolytes are preferred when the composi-
tion is formulated for heavy-duty laundry purposes. Such pre-
ferred heavy-duty detergent compositions have a content of elec-
trolyte within the range of 10% to 80%, preferably 20% to 50%.
However, electrolytes not possessing builder properties may be
used in heavy duty detergent compositions provided a builder is
also included.
As is well known in the detergency art, builders are
included in detergent compositions for sequestering water hard-
ness ions. The builder used in the heavy duty detergent compo-
sitions of this invention may be any of several well known and
commercially available organic and inorganic builder salts.
g _
1~15037~
Suitable alkaline, inorganic builder salts are alkali metal
carbonates~ aluminates~ phosphates, polyphosphates and silicates.
Specific examples of these salts are sodium or potassium tri-
polyphosphates, aluminates, carbonates, phosphates and hexameta-
phosphates, optionally in the presence of certain crystalliza-
tion seeds, for example forms of calcium carbonate, as described
in selgian patent specification 798,856. Suitable organic
builder salts are the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted
ammonium polyphosphonates, polyacetates, and polycarboxylates.
The polyphosphonates specifically include the sodium
and potassium salts of ethylene diphosphonic acid, the sodium
and potassium salts of ethane-l-hydroxy-l,l-diphosphonic acid
and the sodium and potassium salts of ethane-1,1,2-triphosphonic
acid. Other examples are the water-soluble salts (e.g. those
with sodium, potassium, ammonium and substituted ammonium, such
as mono-, di-, and triethanolammonium, cations) of ethane-2-
carboxy-l,l-diphosphonic acid, hydroxymethanediphosPhonic acid,
carbonyldiphosphonic acid, èthane-lOhydroxy-1,1,2-triphosphonic
acid, ethane-2-hydroxy-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid, propane-1,1,3,
3-tetraphosphonic acid, propane-1,1,2-3-tetraphosphonic acid.
Examples of these polyphosphonic compounds are disclosed in
British patents 1,026,366; 1,035,913; 1,129,687; 1,136,619 and
1,410,980.
Polyacetate builder salts suitable for use herein in-
clude the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, and substituted
ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N-(2-hydrox-
ethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nitri-
lQdiacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acld, 1,2-diamin-
ocyclohexanetetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid. The
trisodium salts of the above acids are generally preferred.
The polycarboxylate builder salts suitable for use
herein consist of water-soluble salts of polymeric aliphatic
-- 10 --
3~8
polycarboxylic acids as, or examp:Le, described in U.S.
Patent 3,308,067.
Other deter~ent builder salts for use in the composi-
tions o~ the present invention include the water-soluble salts
of (1) amino polycarboxylates; (2) ether polycarboxylates;
(3? citric acid; and (4~ aromatic polycarboxylates derived from
benzene.
The water-soluble amino polycarboxylate compounds have
the general formula
CH2 COOM
R - N
CH2COOM
where R is selected from:
-CH2 COOM; -CH2cH2H; and
CH2COOM
-CH2CH2N ~ R'
where R' is
-CH2CH2OH; -CH2COOM; or
CH2COOM
20 -CH2CH2N \
CH2 COOM
and each M is hydrogen or a salt-forming cation.
These materials include the water-soluble aminopolycar-
boxylates, e.g. sodium and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetates,
nitrilotriacetates and N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-nitrilodiacetates.
Especially preferred are water-soluble salts of nitriloacetic
acid.
The water-soluble "ether polycarboxylates" have the
general formula:
R
0/ 1
~ R2
1~5~37~3
wherein Rl is selected from
-CH2COOM: -CH2CH2 cooM:
COO~ COOM COO~I COOM
- C ~ C - ; and - CH - CH - ;
and R2 ~s selected from:
-CH2COOM; -CH2CH2COOM; - CH - CH2
COOM COOM
COOM COOM COOM ('OOM COOM
-CH< ; - C-~ = C ~-3 and -CH - CH - ;
COOM
whereby Rl and R2 form a closed ring structure in the event that
they are selected from
COOM COOM COOM COOM
, , i
- C = C -; and -CH - CH -; and
each M is hydrogen or a salt-forming cation.
Specific examples of this class of carboxylate
builders include the water-soluble salts of oxydiacetic acid
having the formula
/ CH2COOM
O\
CH2COOM
oxydisuccinic acid having the formula
COOM COOM
~. .
~ CH - CH2
O\
CH CH2
CQO~ COOM
- 12 -
~05037~
carboxymeth~l oxysuccinic acid having the formula
COOM COOM
CH - CH2
CH2 - COOM
furan tetracarboxylic acid of the formula
COOM COOM
C C
O~ ~ i
~f~ C
COOM COO~
and tetrahydrofuran tetracarboxylic acid having the formula
COOM COOM
CH - CH
CH - CH
COOM COOM
The salt-forming cation M can be, for examPle, an alkali metal
cation such as potassium, lithium or sodium, or ammonium or an
ammonium derivative.
Water-soluble polycarboxylate builder salts deri*ed
from citric acid constitute another class of a preferred builder
for use herein. Citric acid, also known as 2-hydroxy-propane-1,
2,3-tricarboxylic acid, has the formula
CH2.COOH
C(OH) .COOH
CH2.COOH
Citric acid occurs in a free state in nature; large
quantiti~es of it are produced, for example, as a by-product of
sugar obtained from sugar beets. For use in the compositions
of this invention, it can be desirable to use the acid and
partially neutralized species whereby the neutralizing cation
is preferably selected from alkali metal ions, such as sodium,
potassium and lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium.
- 13 -
~S037~
Certain zeolites or aluminosilicates, which are
insoluble in water, can àlso be used as a builder.
One such aluminosilicate which is useful in the com-
positions of the invention is an amorphous water-insoluble hy
drated compound of the ~ormula Na~txAlO2.ySiO2), wherein x has
a value of from 1 to 1.2 and y is 1, said amorphous material
being further characterized by a P~g~ exchange capacity of from
about 50 mg eq. CaCO3/g to about 150 mg eq. CaCO3/g. This ion
e~change builder is more fully described in Canadian patent
application 204,480, B.L. Madison et al, filed July 10, 1974.
A second water-insoluble synthetic aluminosilicate ion
exchange material useful herein has the formula
Naz~(AlO2)z.(SiO2)y]x~2O,
wherein z and ~ are integers of at least 6; the molar ratio of
z to y is in the range from 1.0 to about 0.5, and x is an
integer from about 15 to about 264; sald aluminosilicate ion
exchange material having a particle size diameter from about
0.1 micron to about 100 microns, preferably to about 15 microns,
a calcium ion exchange capacity of at least about 200 mg eq/g;
and a calcium ion exchange rate of at least about 2 grains/
gallon/minute gram described in Belgian Patent 814,874 and in
copending Canadian patent application 199,507 ~iled P~ay 10,1974.
The above described aluminosilicates are employed at
levels of from about 1% to about 40%, preferably about 5% to
about 25% by weight.
The ratio of organic nonionic detergent mixture, com-
ponents (A) and (B), to electrolyte is from 1:15 to 1:2, pre-
ferably from 1:9 to 1:4 for a solid-type product, e.g. granules
and powder when not containing water insoluble builders, such
as those described above.
The grease and oil stain-remo~al ability of the
- 14 -
~5~937~3
compositions of thls invention is superior to that of known
anionic detergent compositions. Additionally, it has been
found that the compositions of this invention are superlor to
detergent compositions containing conventional water soluble
organic nonlonic detergents at temperatures above which a phase
change occurs (as more fully explained below) and equivalent
to such compositions at lower temperatures in terms of grease
and oil stain-removal. The reason for effective cleaning
performance of the nonionic detergent containing compositions
of this invention is not fully understood. It is theorized
that at higher temperatures in the washing solution a separate
phase containing the nonionic detergent is formed. Above this
temperature (which is dependent on the specific detergent
mixture) a very distinct phase is observed. It is believed
that this very fluid detergent phase is responsible for the
high stain removal performance. At lo~er temperatures, such
a phase is not noticed. Instead, a cloudy suspension is ob-
served. However, satisfactory cleaning performance is observed
at the lower temperatures also.
The detergent compositions may be manufactured by any
known method. For example, the nonionic detergents may be
simply mixed with the electrolyte, as by spraying thereon, or
they may be sorbed on a carrier and thereafter mixed with the
electrolyte. One convenient method is to prepare spray dried
granules comprising some or all of the solid components of the
composition, including the electrolyte, and to use these as a
carrier for the nonionic mixture. Often it is desirable to
include a little anionic surfactant in the slurry to be
spray dried to facilitate the drying
- 15 -
~OS~371~
process and to control the ~u1k density of the dried granules.
Alternatively the built heavy duty compositions of this
invention may be produced by a spray drying process. An aqueous
sl~rry of the water insolu~le nonlonic detergent, electrolyte
ana builder (if the electrolyte does not possess builder proper-
ties) is initially formed. Usually the aqueous slurry comprises
from 20% to 45% water with the remainder being the nonionic
organic detergent, electrolyte, builder and optional components.
The temperature of the a~ueous slurry may be from 40C to 100C.
~0 Therea~ er, the sluxry is sprayed into a spray-drying tower.
In one method of spray drying, the hot air, i.e. air having a
temperature between 100C and 380C, is introduced at the base
of the tower. As the atomized particles contact the heated air,
water is driven off and the dried granules are collected at the
}5 bottom of the tower. The water-laden air exits at the top of
the tower. In another ~ethod of spray drying, the hot air is
introduced along with the atomized droplets at the same end of
the tower.
Preferably, the hydrophobic portion of the organic deter-
gents used in such a drying process contains little C12 andlower carbon atom chains. These compounds are especially use-
ful for processes wherein stack emission is a concern.
Other detergent composition additives can be included in
the compositions of this invention; for example, brighteners,
enzymes, soil suspending agents, perfumes and bleaches can be
included in ihe present compositions in the customary amounts.
The compositions of this invention are used in a conven-
tional laundering process. Thus, 30 to 200 grams of the compo-
sition is gënerally added to the washing machine as well as the
soiled laundry and from 15 litres to 80 litxes of water. The
-16-
~05(~3~
temperature of the washing process can vary from 20C to
boiling. However, especially good stain removal performance
from the compositions of this invention is observed at a tem-
perature above which phase separation occurs and, for this
reason, it is preferred that such a temperature be employed.
The invention is therefore particularly valuable in washing
at from 80 to 95C.
The following examples illustrate the present
invention.
Examples 1 - 3
Detergent compositions were prepared of the general
composition:
Surfactant mixture ("Active") as stated below
Sodium tripolyphosphate 34-32
Sodium silicate 56-7
Sodium sulphate 12
Sodium perborate 26
Mo.~sture 6.5
Miscellaneous minor components, and
impurities 2.9
Enzyme (protease) present
Specific compositions tested had "active" surfactant
mixtures as follows:
Examples 1 - 3
Detergent compositions were pre~red of the general
composition:
Surfactant mixture ("Active") as stated below
Sodium tripolyphosphate 34-32
Sodium silicate 56-7
Sodium sulphate 12
Sodium perborate 26
~ U15~37~
Moisture 6.5
Miscellaneous minor components, and
impurities 2.9
Enzyme (protease) present
Specific compositions tested had "active" surfactant
mixtures as follows:
Composition A Linear dodecyl benzene sulphonate (LAS) 8.0
Nonionic (Tallow alkyl Ell) 3.1
P (C16-20) 4.0
Composition B "Dobanol 45-E-7" 3.9
~!5ynperonic E-3" 7.8
LAS o.g
Composition C "Dobanol 45-E-7" 3.9
"Dobanol 45-E-4" 7.8
LAS 0 9
Composition D "Dobanol 45-E-7" 10.8
"Synperonic E-3" 1.9
LAS o.g
Composition E "Tergitol 15-S-3" 7.8
"Dobanol 45-E-7" 3.9
LAS o.g
- 18 -
~05~3~
"Dobanols" (trade mark) are primary alcohols having 14-15 carbon
atoms with about 25~ 2-methyl branching, condensed with an average
of the indicated number (~ or 7) ethoxy groups.
"Syperonic E-3" is the product of t:he condensation of one mole
2:1 C13/C15 primary alcohols, with 51% 2-methyl branching, per 3
moles ethylene oxide.
"Tergitol 15-S-3l' is a mixture of linear secondary alcohols
having 11-15 carbon atoms condensed with an average of 3 ethoxy
groups.
Example 1
~ omposition B was compared with Compositi~n C (which is
according to oux copending Canadian patent application No. 224,341
filed April 10, 1975, and with Composition A.
The cleaning of Compositions B and C were substantially equal
and better than that of Composition A on fabrics stained with
dirty motor oil, ballpoint ink, lipstick,etc
EXAMPLE 2
In similar tests, using 0.43% product concentration in soft
water (2 hard), the sudsing of Compositions B and C was compared.
RunsOversudsing Full Porthole
(without over-
sudsing
Composition B 10 0 0
Composition C 1~ 0 0
Composition D 10 6 0
Desirably there should be no occasion when oversudsing or even
suds fully covering ~he porthole of the machine is observed.
Example 3
In similar tests using 0.43% product concentration in 18
hard water/ the following cleaning ratings were obtained. These
compositions had satisfa~tory sudsing behaviou~ in the wash.
--19--
Composition B E
Fabric/Soil ~ ~5~37~
Cotton - Motor oil Better
Polyester Cotton - Motor Oil
Cotton - Red Lipstick n
Polyester Cotton - Red Lipstick n
Nylon - Red Lipstick n
Cotton - Brown Eye Shadow n
Polyester Cotton - Brown Eye Shadow n
10 Nylon - Brown Eye Shadow "
Cotton - "Pan Stick"**
Polyester Cotton - "Pan Stick'l n
Nylon - "Pan Stick" ~ -
Cotton - Krefeld n
Notes: In the foregoing Examples, the soils were as follows:
Lipstick Rimmel "truly red"
"Pan Stick" Max Factor "deep olive"
Brown Eye Shadow Miners brown
Boot Polish "Kiwi"* black
Ballpoint ink "Bicnl/red/blue/green/black
Krefeld soil contains kaolin 86%, lampblack 8.0% iron oxide ~316)
4.0%, and iron oxide ~920) 2 0~. Wool grease is added at a ratio
of 7:1 wood grease: pigment and spread evenly on the fabric ~3.4%
of finished cloth weigh~ is grease).
*Trademark
**Trademark
1~ Trademark
-20-
A
