Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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The present invontlon rolatos to a process for tho dyoing and/or
finishing of flst toxtilo articles
Plat textile articles, espocially woven pioco-goods, can be dyed
on a foulard but it is often tifficult to onsuro a completoly evon applica-
tion of the dyebath In some padding apparatuses, extreuely high roller
; pressures can be used, but thoy can be adjustod to tho quality of thc
matorial only to a li~ited oxtent As a consequence, it is not always
i possiblo to avoid a tailing of the shado toward tho sido of tho ~aterial
Subject of tho coponding Canadian Patont Application No 166 864
is a process for the dyeing and/or finishing of flat textile articlos aado
of synthetic or natural fibers or of mixtures thereof, which compsisos
~` applying to the fiber material, in the for of a foa~ having a gaseous pro-
pellant and at roo~ te peraturo, a liquor containing at loast one dyestuff
and/or a finishing agent suitable for the typo of ~atorial, if requirod, ~ ; -
che~icals necessary for their fixation and surfaco-active substancos, and ;~
subjecting the ~aterial so treatod, optionally after deco position or
destruction of the foau, to a heat treat~ent to fix the dyestuff and/or
finishing agents, if necessary with the aid of oxidizing agents, or passing
tho matorial through an acit or alkali bath for wot dovolop ont, or allowing
it to dwell at roo- teaporaturo or at ~odorately elovatod te poraturo
Corrosponding to tho foregoing described processing ~ethod, tho
~ difficulties that ariso in tho continuous dyoing of the textile aatorial
t froa unoven squeezing off and froJ dyestuff aigration aro ovorcoao by app b-
~ ing foaJed iaprognation liquors onto tho wob
't In furthor dovoloping this invontivo idoa it was found that tho
process clai~ed according to tho above notod Canadian paront patent can be
plified whon the concontrated foa~ed i prognation liquors havo a low
wator content, which is botwoen 1 and 8% by woight
On account of tho principlo of this invontion it was found, that,
as a surprising fact, wot or vory oist atorial can bo i pregnatod with tho
foaa having a low water content without drying tho aatorial or dohydrating
a cortain auount of water beforo iaprognation As a result, coaplotely new
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ant often unexpectet finishing offects can be obtalned Of course, the
goots to be treatet can be tehytrated before the iopregnation at least in
part, either ~echanically or by a suction oporation This application othod
is about the same as tho well known wet developing process
The present invontion therefore provides in a process for tyeing,
textile finishing a flat article, or both made of synthetic or natural fiber
material or mixtures of such fibors, with at least one dyestuff, textile
finishing agent suitable for the t ne of fiber in sait articlo, or a ixture
thereof, by continuously applying a liquor containing essentially water, said -
dyestuff, finishing agent or a mixture theroof, che icals nocessary for their
fixation and surfactants to the article at room temperature in the form of
; a foam having a gaseous propellant, controlling the thickness of foamed
.~ . . .
~ ~aterial applied to the article according to the dosiret liquor pickup, and
; effocting decomposition of the foa~, either by moans of the co~position of
the foao itself or supplying foam-destroying agents, and thereaftor fixing
the tyestuff, finishing agent, or a oixture thoreof, tho ioprovoment which
cooprisos applying a concontratod imprognation liquor, in a foa od stato
which has a water contont in tho range of froo 1 to 8% by weight
Depending on the texture of the fiber material to be troated, tho
procoss of the invention will have a bettor practicability, when a foa ed
i pregnation liquor consisting of or containing organic solvents, is applied -
to the flat textile goots An o~ulsion like an oil-in-water or a water-in- ~-~
oil emulsion can also be applied to the web in the state of foam In all of
those cases, the water content of the foao can be as low as possible Foaos
basod on e ulsion also havo an oxtre~oly high stability, tonacity and
viscosity and are vory poor in solids
In tho utilization of i pregnation liquors in for~ of a foao, it
is nocossary to define tho foao aoount of offoctive substance that is appliod
per unit of the goods (o2 or kg) It can bo ad~usted
1) by the a ount or height of foao in woight or volune,
2) by the liquid proportion in tho foam tratio of propollant to liquid),
3) by the concentration of the solution which is foa od tin g/l of the
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liquid portion).
The foam and its specific behaviour as to doco position allows
to impregnate also under extre~e conditions For oxa~ple, in tho i~prognat-
ion of textile goods the agents requirod for fixation can be applied with
a ini~um of water to the substrate. The procoss of the inrontion is also
expetient for try textile goods. hhen heavy tissuos are troated with foam,
difficulties in wetting, that are gonorally known, ~ay arise. Howovor, undor
especially high pressuro forcing the foam out of the nozzlo, such proble~s
can be avoidod. Thus, eliaination of the sizing agont is not nocossary.
The process of the invontion ant othor embodiaents thoreof also apply for ~ -
fabrics having aean wetting properties, such as pile fabrics.
~ Tho preparation of the foa s used according to the invention for
`~ the iapregnation of textile material is effected by intiaately aixing the
i pregnation liquor with a gas, the gas flowing into the liquid under pros-
.,.~ . ..
-~ suro through a specially shapod noz21e. The i prognation liquor must always
contain a surfactant. Che ical agonts which can be used is propollant
gas or as foaa producing agent are disclosed in the above noted Canadian
paront patont.
In tho iaprognation process according to the invention aigration
phono~enons are excluded. Foa~ing of foa~ containing organic solvents koops
tho liquid portion, which is rosponsible for the aigration of tho substancos
applied, at such a aini~u that the migration liait is not reached.
~ The procoss of tho invention can be ~odified inas~uch as the foa~
;~ applied to the waterod aatorial contains highor a~ounts of combustiblo
liquids aiscible with water, for exa~ple aethanol or lower aliphatic alcohols.
After foa ing, the aaterial can be dried according to the procoss doscribod
. .
; in Goraan Patont No. 2,214,714 by burning off the alcohol on tho fibor sur-
faco, followed by a treat~ont with dry heat or stea~ for fixation. Thoso
procossos allow to apply che ical agents and auxiliarios to wot atorial
without aigration and in roproduciblo anner.
In continuation of tho procoss of tho above notod Canadian parent
patont roforred to horein, according to which soveral stable foa~s aro
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applied to the web parallelly or ~uccessively, it is now possible to apply
stable foams also to waterod textile goods and so to obtain finishing
effects which could not yet be obtained by applying impregnation solutions,
dispersions or emulsions. Such a result was unexpectet and so oxtromely
surprising.
The process described heroinboforo allows to perform spocial troat-
monts:
For exa~plo, upon treating a polyoster velvet having a cotton back
by moans of a device with nozzles operating on both sides, the disperse dye-
~ 10 stuffs can be foamed on its pile sido ant the cotton dyestuffs on the back-
; side.
` The process of the invention also comprises the proparation of
foams not miscible with one another which allows to create a true dyoing on
both sides of a flat textile structuro.
` A special embodiment of tho process of the invention which throws
a remarkable light on its variability, consists in applying tho i pregnation
foam to both sides and treating the material so impregnatot in the extromoly
~ . .
short goods-to-liquor ratio by heating, practically "to barbecue" the goods,
whereupon the impregnation agents are fixet or their action is acceleratet.
Accorting to the invention, th`e foam is appliet in its finishot
stato or it is formod in the foa~ing nozzle boforo it contacts tho naterial.
Foaming in tho second way is an extraordinarily secure process which has,
-' howe~er, the drawbsck, that tho nozzlo easily obstructs, causing dofoctive
' dyeing. Thorefore, proposals have been mato to utilize double nozzlos that
; svitch over auto atic-lly as soon s a noszle is obstructed.
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