Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
10~ 7
This invention relates to a compounded plastic
system containing 3 to 99% by weight of a crystalline poly-
olefine, 0.4 to 80% by weight of a non-crystalline polyolefine
and 0.5 to 95% by weight of a pigment and/or filling agent,
and optionally other polymers as well. The invention relates
further to a process for the preparation of the above-defined
compounded plastic system.
As known, inorganic filling agents of mineral
origin are frequently added to thermoplastic substances
such as polyolefines, partly to provide them with special
properties required in certain fields of application, and
partly for economic reasons. As filling agents, mainly
kaoline, betonite, precipitated chalk, as well as glass and
asbestos fibres are used. The torsion modulus, Brinell
hardness, torsion rigidity, slide-elastic modulus, specific
gravity, compressive strength, weldability and resistance
to warping of the polyolefine increases to a certain limit-
ing value with the increase in the amount of the filling
agent added; on the other hand, however, the tensile strength
flexural strength, elongation at rupture, and impact-flexural
strength of said polyolefines decrease to a considerable ex-
tent. The decrease of the latter four strength values
reveals a considerable brittling effect of the filling
agents, which is due to the fact that the molten polymer
does not moisten the particles of the filling agent,
generally hydrophilic in nature. The decrease of the
melt index with the increase of the amount of filling agent
reveals the fact that the filling agent particles present
in the molten polymers exert an adverse effect on its
processability (Kuns~stoff-Rundschau 19, 245 /1972/; ICI
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10~i5077
Plastics Today 40, p. 7 /1971/).
Several efforts were made to decrease the incompatibility between
the polymeric melts and filling agents. Thus, for example, some clay
minerals were rendered organophilic utilizing their cation-exchange proper-
ties, and these organophilic filling agents were admixed with the polyolefines
(U.S. Patent Specification No. 3,084,117 patentee Union Oil Company, issued
April 2, 1963).
The dyeability of polyolefines with basic dyestuffs can be ensured
by admixing the polyolefines with organophilic clay minerals (Modern Textiles
12, 22 /1971/) or colloidal silicic acid. A disadvantage of this method is,
however, that solely clay minerals can be used as filling agents, and the
pre-treatment of these clay minerals causes considerable extra expenses.
Owing to the differences in the specific gravities, further difficulties arise
when filling agents, even after an organophilizing pre-treatment, are to be
admixed with the polymer melts in amounts higher than 5% by weight. In this
instance the granular polymer should be homogenized with a part of the fill-
ing agent in a prior mixing operation, and the further amount of the filling
agent (exceeding 5%) can be introduced into the polymer only after this mix-
ing procedure.
A disadvantage of the systems containing filling agents is that
the introduced filling agents affect the physical and mechanical properties
o the end-product, and the introducable amount of filling agents is rather
limited.
It is also known that the cold-resisting properties and voltage-
corrosion of polyolefines can be improved by admi~ing them with polyiso-
~ .
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butylene (Kunststoffe 62, 610 /1972/, U.S. Patent Specification No. 2,993,028
patentee Montecatini Società Generale, issued July 18, 1961 and German Patent
Specification No. 1,469,818, patentee Veba-Chemie AG, issued February 15,
1973). Apart from the high costs of polyisobutylene, this method has the
drawback that the treatment disadvantageously affects the mechanical pro-
perties of the product.
The invention aims at the elaboration of a compounded plastic
system containing a crystalline polyolefine together with non-crystalline
polyolefine, which retains the properties of the starting compounded polymer
system even when admixed with widely varying amounts of filling agents, and
possesses properties in certain respects.
The invention is based on the recognition that certain properties,
primarily the dyeability, electric conductivity and castability of compounded
plastic systems containing a crystalline polyolefine and a non-crystalline
- polyolefine can be improved even when adding a considerable amount of filling
- agent to the system, if the filling agent is admixed with the compounded
plastic system in the presence of a special tenzide.
The recognition is very surprising since it is known that on the
one hand the mechanical properties of crystalline polyolefines impair to a
considerable extent when admixing them with filling agents, and on the other
hand, owing to the strong plasticizing effect of the non-crystalline polyole-
~- fines, the crystalline character of the crystalline polyolefine decreases.
Thus, when adding these two substances to the crystalline polyolefine, both
its mechanical properties and its orientability decrease. Consequently, one
might expect that the compounded plastic
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10ti ~77
systems according to the invention would also have such im-
paired properties. On the contrary, the compounded polymer
systems according to the invention are orientable like pure
crystalline polyolefines and have properties like crystalline
polyolefines; furthermore, the products can also be processed
by methods applicable to amorphous polymers.
The invention is based further on the recognition
that high amounts of filling agents of any crystal structure
or morphological properties, respectively, and of any polarity
can be introduced into the compounded system in the presence
: cf special tensides.
Accordingly, the invention relates to a compounded
plastic system containing 3 to 99% by weight of a crystalline
polyolefine, 0.4 to 80% by weight of a non-crystalline poly-
olefine and 0.5 to 95% by weight of a pigment and/or filling
agent and optionally other polymers as well. The compounded
- plastic system according to the invention is characterized - - -
by containing at least 0.1% by weight, preferably 0.5 to
~ 10% by weight, of a tenside being heat-resistant up to at
- 20 least 110C.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a process
for the preparation of a compounded plastic system contain-
ing 3 to 99% by weight of a crystalline polyolefine, 0.4 to
80% by weight of a non-crystalline polyolefine and 0.5 to
- 95% by weight of a pigment and/or filling agent and op-
- tionally other polymers as well, by admixing the respective
components with each other. The process of the invention
is characterized in that the components are admixed with
each other in the presence of at least 0.01% by weight, pre-
ferably 0.5 to 10% by~weight of a tenside being heat-resistant
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up to at least 110C.
The components are admixed with each other prefer-
ably at a temperature exceeding the melting range of the
crystalline polyolefine, by adding a pigment and/or filling
agent, as well as a tenside separately or in admixture with
each other to the melt of the crystalline and non-crystalline
polyolefines.
This process can be carried out in any of the usual
equipments of the plastic industry. According to a preferred
method, the starting substances are converted into master
batch granulates, which can be diluted with polyolefines or
other thermoplastic polymers to an extent required by the
special field of utilization. From this substances, obtained
after diluting the master batch granulates, casted, extruded,
calendered, etc. products as well as fibres can be produced,
which all are well dyeable. Thus, for example, when using
kaoline and montmorillonite as additive, fibres dyeable
- ~th dispersion dyestuffs and basic dyestuffs, while
Nhen using starch, cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol additives,
fi6res dyeable with reactive and direct dyestuffs are ob-
tained.
The properties of the compounded plastic systems
according to the invention can be varied in accordance with
- the requirements of the different fields of utilizationb~ var~ing the quantitative ratios of the respective com-
ponents. Thus, for example, when increasing the amount
of the filling agent up to 40% by weight the tensile
strength can be increased; while when utilizing quarz flour
;~ in an amount of 36% by weight, optimum mechanical properties
can be achieved. Casted products can be prepared even when
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;77
adding 82% by weight of a ceramic dielectric powder consisting of aluminium
oxideJ barium carbonate and titanium dioxide to the molten polymer, and
these caste products can be used without or after ignition.
As crystalline polyolefine primarily polyethylene or isotactic
polypropylene, while as non-crystalline polyolefine preferably polyisobutylene
can be used.
The p~gments usable in the products according to the invention
comprise e.g. rutile titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, phthalocyanine blue,
phthalocyanine green, and cadmium sulfide.
Of the filling agents admixable with the molten polymer system,
e.g. kaoline, ~alc, benotonite, ~inc oxide, aluminiumoxide, ceramic dielectric
powder, quart~flour, powdered aluminium graphite powder, glass fibre, asbestos,
cement powder, silicic acid, colloidal silicic acid, precipitated chalk,
sawdust, and bitumen are mentioned.
; Polymers such as polystyrene, polyamide, polyethylene glycol,
styrene acrylonitrile copolymers, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, and cellulose
can be used as polymeric additives.
` Depending on the field and conditions of use, futhermore on the
nature of the polyolefine and other polymers, as well as the pigments and
filling agents applied, non-ionic, cationic and anionic tensides can equally
be used.
As non-ionic tensides primarily alkylpolyglycol ether acetates,
fatty acid~ polyethyleneglycol esters, phenol-polyglycol ethers, fatty
alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyethers, as well as condensates of
diethylene triamine with fatty acids, and condensates of fatty alcohols with
ethylene oxide, the latter condensates containing at least three ethylene- -
oxide groups per molecule. .
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As cationic tensides e.g. cetylpyridinium salts, cetyltrimethyl
ammonium bromide, dilauryldimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyldimethylbenzyl
ammonium chloride and cation active fat-liquors can be used.
Of the anionic tensides usable according to the invention, sodium
dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkylaryl sulfonates, aliphatic ester sulfates,
sodium alkylsulfonates, sulfonated alkylnaphthyl ethers and sodium salts of
sulfonated mineral oils are mentioned as examples.
The compounded plastic systems according to the invention can be
used in the most diverse fields. Thus, for example, they can be converted
into castlngs for pumps and mixers, ventilator blades, fuse blocks, pipes,
assemblies for lighting systems, electric insulating materials, furniture
elements, articles for telecommunication applicable at high frequencies,
foils, fibrillated foils and yarns, etc., by the usual pressing, casting,
pressure casting or extrusion operations.
The main advantages of the compounded plastic systems as well as
the process according to the invention are as follows:
a) the elongation at rupture of the product does not decrease
despite o the high filling agent content, even more, the tensile strength
- increases up to a filling agent content of about 40% by weight;
b) the product is orientable regardless to its
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106~077
filling agent content;
c) systems far more flexible than the starting
crystalline polyolefines can be prepared;
d) a filling agent of any polarity can be used;
e) the processability, such as castability, of the
compounded plastic system does not change in comparison
with that of the starting polyolefine;
f~ the subsequent dyeability of the polyolefine
starting material can be improved;
g) the compatibilities of the polymers initially
~: incompatible with polyolefines can be increased;
h) the products can be well utilized at temperatures
far exceeding the highest in-use temperature of normal PVC
even under constant loading;
j) the product is shock-proof, and, in contra-
distinction to the very expensive shock-proof PVC and
shock-proof polystyrene, retains its favourable mechanical
properties for a practically unlimited period.
The invention is elucidated in detail by the aid
... .
o~ the following non-limiting Examples.
The term "HLB-value" as used in the Example in
connection with the tensides gives the degree of ability
for ~eing dispersed in water wherein the HLB-value of a
tenside giving a clear solution with water is 13 and that
o~ a tenside which cannot be dispersed in water at all
. amounts ~o 1 (Griffi~, V.C., Official Digest Federation
Paint and Varnish Production Clubs, 28, 466 /1956/). .
Example 1
A master batch was prepared from 11% by
~eight of crystalline polypropylene (melt index~
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10~077
2.5, measured at 230C under a loading of 2.16 kg.), 3% by weight
of polyisobutylene ~average molecular weight: 3 x 104),
9% by weight of polyisobutylene ~average molecular weight:
1.5 x 106),
3% by weight of a fatty-acid polyamine based tenside (HLB value = 1),
3% by weight of a tenside based on an oxyethylated lauryl alcohol
containing 3 ethylene oxide groups per molecule in average (HLB
value = 10), and
72% by weight of silicium dioxide ~particle size: 0.3 to 100 /um.)
on a banbury-type mixer with a mixing time of 11 min., under the
following mixing parameters: rotation speed of the stirrer: 105
r.p.m.; forced draft pressure: 4.3 atm., tension: 5.5 atm. The
rheological behaviour of the disperse compounded melt system in the
mixer showed a significant tenside-activity since, despite the high
.
ratio of filling agent, the current uptake at stirring is initially
only 2 A, this value increases to 4 A as a function of the stirring
time, and finally decreases to 3 A at the end of the stirring. For
polypropylene the currect uptake at stirring, under identical stirring
conditions, amounts to 7 A, 10 A, and 3 A, respectively. This about
70% decrease in the inîtial current uptake reveals the rheologically
favourable tenside action manifesting in the molten system.
The thus-obtained master batch was diluted with poly-
propylene in a ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, respectively, in a
Battenfeld-type casting machine at a temperature of 180 to 200C,
and casted and pressed articles were made
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106~77
from the diluted mixtures. The tensile strength of the product prepared from
the mixture with a dilution ratio of 1:3 (i.e. containing 18% of silicium di-
oxide) was 253 kg./cm ., while that of the product prepared from the mixture
with a dilution ratio of 1:1 ~i.e. containing 36% by weight of filling agent)
was 333 kg./cm2., and thus it exceeded the tensile strength of pure poly-
propylene (320 kg./cm2.).
The mixtures diluted with polypropylene in the ratios as given above
were orientable. The stretching was carried out on an Instron equipment at
140C with a fixation length of 2.5 cm. and a deformation speed of 2 cm./min.
One migh~ expect that, owing to the presence of filling agent, the samples
can be stretched only to a certain limit ~about 20 to 30%). On the contrary,
- the yield point values, determined from the strength-elongation curves, de-
creased by 70 to 80% in comparison with that of the pure polypropylene, de-
spite of the filling agent content: i.e. the yield point of the pure poly- -
propylene was 160 kg./cm2., while that of the disperse compounded systems
diluted as given above were 38, 26, and 30 kg./cm2., respectively, in the
order of decreasing filling agent content.
The strength examinations of the samples prepared with a stretching
ratio of 1:8 showed results similar in tendency to those of the non-oriented
samples. ~or samples containing 36% by weight of silicium dioxide the bend-
ing work was 116 g.cm., and the elastic regeneration ability was 89%, while
t~e same values for pure polypropylene were 102 g.cm. and 85%., respectively.
These results are in contrast with the known data of the literature,
according to which the strength of polyolefines should decrease and their
~ rigidity should increase with increasing amounts of the admixed filling agent.
`- The insulating resistance of the thus-obtained compounded disperse
system containing 36% by weight of silicium dioxide, measured at 100, 200,
- and 1000 V., respectively, was identical with ti.e. 10l3 ohm.cm.), while that
of the disperse system containing 18% by weight of silicium dioxide was higher
than (i.e. ~ 1013 ohm.cm.) that of polypropylene ~1013 ohm.cm.).
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50~7'7
The loss factors ~tg.~l measured at 1 MHz and 1 KH~, respectively,
were always identical with those of the pure polypropylene (5 to 7 x 10
at 1 MHz; 0 at 1 KHz). The dielectric constant of the mixture containing 18%
by weight of silicium dioxide was the same (9) while that of the mixture con-
taining 36% of silicium dioxide was higher (11.3) than that of the pure poly-
propylene (9.5). ~The dielectric constants were measured at 1 KHz.) Conse-
quently, these substances can be utilized with good results as insulators.
As a comparison it should be mentioned that the insulating resistance of the
commercial china insulator is 1012 ohm. cm., its loss factor is 10 2, while
its dielectric constant is 6 to 7, measured under identical conditions.
Example 2
A homogeneous mixture was prepared from 36% by weight of crystalline
polypropylene, 48% by weight of polyisobutylene ~average molecular weight:
1.5 x 106), 5% by weight of an oxyethylated laurylalcohol based tenside con-
taining in average three ethyleneoxide groups per molecule ~HLB value: 10)
and 5% by weight of colloidal silicic acid ~specific surface area: 175 m ./g.
average particle size: 10 to 40 ~m., bulk density: 40 g./l.) in a Banbury
mixer at a temperature of 140 to 158C, with a stirring time of 11 minutesJ
under the following mixing parameters: speed of stirrer: 100 r.p.m., forced
draft pressure: 4.3 atm., tension: 5.5 atm. The current uptake of the system
at stirring was 2 A, 4 A and 3 A, respectively, in comparison with the values
of 7 A, 10 A and 3 A, respectively, measured for polypropylene under identical ~ -
stirrlng conditions.
The obtained master batch was processed and examined as discussed
in Example 1.
Similarly to the results reported in Example 1, strength properties
essentially identical with those of polypropylene both in oriented and in non-
oriented state were obtained for the substance with the highest filling agent,
tenside and polyisobutylene contents. The tensile strengths of the non-
oriented and oriented polymer systems prepared with a 1:1 dilution of the
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master batch were 330 kg./cm2. and 3745 kg./cm2., respectively (this latter
value ~as obtained in the direction of stretching at a stretching ratio of
1:8). The corresponding values for pure polypropylene were 320 and 3840
kg./cm ., respectively. In this case, too, the yield point values determin-
able from the strength-elongation curves decreased to a great extent ~by
about 80%) in comparison with those of polypropylene for all the three dilu-
tions.
The system obtained with a dilution rate of 1:1 is substantially
more flexible and has essentially better flexible regeneration ability than
pure polypropylene. The bending work decreased to 85 g.cm., in comparison
with the value of 102 g.cm. measured for pure polypropylene, and the flexible
regeneration ability was 92%, in comparison with the value of 85% measured
for pure polypropylene.
In none of the cases were the electric insulating properties worse
than those o pure polypropylene. For mixtures with a dilution rate of 1:1
or 1:3, respectively, the insulation resistance was the same, while for mix-
tures with a dilution rate of 1:2 this value was greater than that of pure
polypropylene ~1013 ohm.cm., and ? 1.3 x 1013 ohm.cm., respectively). The
loss factor ~tg ~) was the same as for pure polypropylene (5 to 6 x 10 4 at
1 MHZ7 and 0 at 1 KHz). The dielectric constant was lower than that of pure
polypropylene for all the three diluted systems.
The fibres prepared from the diluted systems by orientation fibre
protuction were well dyeable with dispersion and basic dyestuffs.
Example 3
A mixture consisting of 90 parts by weight of quarz flour, 10 parts
by weight of crystalline polypropylene and 10 parts by weight of polyisobutyl-
ene (average molecular weight: 1.5 x 10 ) was stirred for 6 minutes in a
Banbury-type mixer. The parameters of mixing were the same as indicated in
Example 1. A compounded system could not be prepared from these substances;
the individual components were immiscible with each other.
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When adding 0.5 parts by weight of an alkylaryl sulfonate (anionic
tenside) with a HLB value of 2 to the mixture the homogenization process
started, the polypropylene melted, and the filling agent got dispersed in
this melt. Thus a compounded system was formed from the four components.
The current uptake at stirring amounted initially to 2 A, then increased to
3 A, and finally decreased again to 2 A.
This product, when ignited at 1500C, yields a dielectric applicable
at high frequencies.
Example 4
One proceeded essentially as described in Example 3 with the dif-
ference that the dispersion process was started with 1 part by weight of a
fatty acid mixture based cationic tenside with a HLB value of 9. The current
uptake at stirring was initially 2 A, then increased to 3 A, and finally de-
creased again to 2 A.
The properties of the obtained product were the same as t'nose given
in Example 3. -~
Example 5
A mixture consisting of 90 parts by weight of ceramic dielectric
powder (5% by weight of BaCO3, 83% by weight of talc and 12% by weight of
clay; particle size- 0.3 to 300 ~m.), 10 parts by weight of crystalline poly-
propylene and 10 parts by weight of polyisobutylene (average molecular weight:
1.5 x 105) uas mixed in the way as described in Example 3 but the system
could not be homogenized.
The dispersion process could be started with a mixture of 1.5 parts
by weight of an acryl-aryl sulfonate ~anionic tenside; HLB-value = 2) and
2 parts by weight of a fatty acid polyglycol ester (non-ionic tenside; HLB- -
- value = 9), and thus a compounded system was prepared.
- The obtained product was well castable and extrudable.
Example 6 - ;
A mixture consisting of 74.16% by weight of crystalline polypropyl-
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lOtiS07~7
ene, 20% ~y weight of kaoline (particle size: 0.3 to 300 um.), 1,46% by
weight of polyisobutylene ~average molecular weight: 3 x 104), 1.46% by
weight of polyisobutylene (average molecular weight: 1.5 x 10 ), 1.46% by
weight of a ~atty alcohol containing 3 ethyleneoxide groups per molecule
~HLB value: 10~, and 1.46% by weight of a fattty acid-polyamine based non-
ionic tenside (HLB value: 1) was homogenized in a Battenfeld-type casting
machine at 180 to 200C. Sheets were pressed from the obtained compounded
system at an etage press at 170C, with a pressure of 120 kg./cm2. Samples
of 25 mm. length and 4 mm. width were cut from these sheets, and the strength
properties of these samples were examined both in oriented and in non-
oriented states. Stretching was performed as described in Example 1. In
non-oriented state the tensile strength was 336 kg./cm2. and the elongation
at rupture was 15.3%, while the respective values in oriented state were
2885 kg./cm2. and 28.25%, respectively. The non-oriented polypropylene had
a tensile strength of 320 kg./cm2. and an elongation at rupture of 10%, while
the respective values of the oriented polypropylene were 3840 kg./cm . and
12.5%, respectively.
.~
` Example 7
A mixture consisting of 98.5% by weight of crystalline polypropyl-
ene, 0.5% by weight of polyisobutylene ~average molecular weight: 3 x 104),
0.5% by weight of lauryl alcohol containing 3 ethyleneoxide groups per
molecule ~HLB-value: 9) and 0.5% by weight of silicium dioxide (particle
size: 0.3 to 300 ~m.) was homogenized as described in Example 1. The current
uptake at stirring was 2.4 A, 4 A and 3 A, respectively, as a function of the
~tirring time.
- Sheets were pressed from the obtained compounded system and the
mechanical properties of the obtained sheets were examined. The tensile
~- strength was the same as for polypropylene, while the elongation at rupture
increased to a great extent (from 11% to 32%).
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Example 8
A mixture consisting of 73% by weight of crystalline polypropylene,
12.5% by weight of high-pressure polyethylene, 12.5% by weight of low-pressure
polyethylene, 0.5% by weight of laurylalcohol containing 3 ethyleneoxide
groups per molecule ~HLB value: 10), 0.5% by weight of polyisobutylene
(average molecular weight: 3 x 10 ) and 1% by weight of silicium dioxide
~particle size: 0.3 to 300 ~m.) was homogenized as described in Example 1.
The examinations were carried out as indicated in Example 7. The tensile
strength of the obtained system was identical with that of polypropylene,
while the elongation at rupture increased to a great extent ~from 11% to 30%).
Example 9
A mixture consisting of 4% by weight of crystalline polypropylene,
11% by weight of polyisobutylene (average molecular weight: 1.5 x 105), 3%
br weight of polyiso~utylene ~average molecular weight: 1.5 X 106), 0.5% by
weight of laurylalcohol containing 3 ethyleneoxide groups per molecular (HLB
value: 10), 0.5% by weight of a fatty acid-polyamine ~HLB value: 2) and 81%
by weight of a ceramic dielectTic powder ~5% by weight of barium carbonate,
` 83% by weight of talc and 12% by weight o clay) was homogenized as described
in Example l. The current uptake at stirring was l A, 2 A and 2 A, respective-
ly, as a function of the time of stirring.
A well castable and extrusable compounded system was obtained.
Example 10
A master batch was prepared from 10% by weight of atactic poly-
propy~lene, 49% by weight of crystalline polypropylene, 40% by weight of
ignited china talc and 1% by weight of nonylphenol polyglycolether (non-
ionic tenside) as described in Example 1. The obtained master batch was
diluted with polypropylene in a ratio of 1:1 as described in Example 1, and
casted and pressed articles were prepared from the diluted mixture. The
tensile strength of the obtained products was 323 kg./cm ., their elongation
at rupture was 76.1%.
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Example 11
A master batch was prepared from 49% by weight of crystalline poly-
butene-l, 10% by weight of polyisobutylene (average molecular weight: 3 x 103),
40% by weight of ignited china ~alc and 1% by weight of ammonium butylnaph-
thalene sulfonate (anionic tenside) as described in Example 1, but at a mix-
ing temperature of 140C. The obtained master batch was diluted with poly-
propylene in a ratio of 1:1, as described in Example 1. Casted and pressed
articles were produced from the diluted mixture. The tensile strength of the
obtained products was 330 kg./cm2., their elongation at rupture was 60%.
Example 12
A compounded plastic system was prepared from 40% by weight of
crystalline polypropylene, 10% by weight of polyisobutylene ~average mole-
cular weight: 3 x 103), 4% by weight of polyisobutylene (average molecular
` weight: 1.5 x 10 ), 7% by weight of polyisobutylene (a~erage molecular
weight: 1.5 x 106), 28% by weight of china talc, 10% by weight of polyamide
Ca copolymerization product of caprolactam and lauryllactam, melting in a
range of 130 - 140C), and 1% by weight of a cationic tenside (formate salt
o~ triethanolamine esterified with a C16 fatty acid) as described in Example
1. Fibrillated fibres were produced from this system under the following
parameters: extrusion temperature: 180, 210 and 220C, respectively, stretch-
ing temperature: 100C, stretching ratio: 1:10, speed of the fibrillating
roll: 400 r.p.m. The bending~work of the fibrillated fibre was 1.1 g.cm./
100 den., the angle of elastic regeneration was 55 in the 0th minute and -
~; 110 in the 15th minute, in comparison with the bending work of 1.38 g.cm./
- lQ00 den. and the angles of 42.7 and 89.3 measured for polypropylene.
Thus, a far softer and more elastic fibre could be produced from the com-
pounded plastic system according to the in~ention than from polypropylene.
Example 13
A compounded plastic system was prepared from 54% by weight of
crystalline polyprop~lene, 5% by weight of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer,
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10% by weight of polyisobutylene ~average molecular weight: 3.8 x 105), 30%
by weight of r-Ee203 and 1% by weight of polyethyleneoxide sorbitan fatty
acid ester ~non-ionic tenside) as described in Example 6. The obtained mix-
ture was processed as indicated in Example 6. The tensile strength of the
obtained products was 300 kg./cm .~ while their elongation at rupture was
30%.
Example 14
A mixture consisting of 35% by weight of aluminium powder, 54% by
weight of crystalline polypropylene ~melt index: 9 g./10 min.), 10% by weight
of polyisobutylene (average molecular weight: 1.5 x 106) and 1% by weight of
sulfated laurylalcohol ~anionic tenside) was homogenized at a roller mill at
200 with a mixing time of lO min., and the obtained compounded plastic sys-
tem was pressed into sheets within 3 min. at 200C with a pressure of lO0 kg./
cm2. The tensile strength of the obtained sheets was 300 kg./cm2., their
elongation at rupture was 410%. The system was conductive at 20V and at 800
Hz, thus the electric conductivity of polypropylene improved in the compounded
plastic system according to the invention.
Example 15
A master batch was prepared from 60% by weight of bentonite, 10%
b~ ~eight of polyisobutylene ~average molecular weight: 3.8 x 105), 29% by
welght of crystalline polypropylene (melt index: 9 g./lO min.) and 1% by
weight of cationactive fat liquor (cationic tenside) as described in Example
1. The obtained master batch was diluted with polypropylene in a ratio of
1:2 as described in Example 1, and a foil of 50 ~m. thickness was prepared
from the diluted mixture. The tensile strength of the foil was identical
with that made of polypropylene.
Example 16
A master batch was prepared from 32.3% by weight of crystalline -
polypropylene, 55% by weight of rutile titanium dioxide and 2% by weight of
laurylpyridinium sulfate ~cationic tenside) and 10.7% by weight of polyiso-
;~ - 18 -
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.. , ., ~ ,. . .
,, . . . . . ... .
,: . -
5Q~7~7
but~lene ~average molecular weight: 1.5 x 104) as described in Example 1.
The obtained master batch was diluted with polypropylene in a ratio of 1:1 as
described in Example 1, and casted and pressed articles were prepared from
the diluted mixture. Products being the same in strength as polypropylene
but having an elongation at rupture of 35% were obtained.
Iron oxide red or iron oxide yellow can also be used as pigment
instead of rutile titanium dioxide in the above mixture. The strength charac-
teristics of the products obtained with these iron oxide pigments were the
same as those of the above.
.
.
- 19 -
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