Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1~5~45 24,396
PROCESSING THERMOPLASTIC YARN
Background of the Invention
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing
thermoplastic yxrn~
In processing thermoplastic yarn, it is frequently desirable to
produce a yarn having increased bulk and cover, improved hand, etc. Several
methods of processing yarn have been developed to produce a yarn with these
qualities. Some of these processing methods produce a yarn plug such as
stuffer box and fluid ~et crimping techniques as known in the art. The yarn
plug produced by crimping is subsequently broken up and extended to form
crimped yarn by various methods such as air, friction, etc., coupled with a
` high speed takeoff means. The properties of the yarn such as denier, crimp
and bulk are usually measured after the processed yarn is wound on packages.
Since numerous conditions affecting the yarn can change involuntarily and
without notice, the package of yarn is usually deniered to insure that it is -
within quality control limits. Thus adjustments to the process to bring the
properties of the yarn within quality control limits necessarily cannot be
made until at least one package of off denier or inferior quality yarn has
been produced. It is not unusual to have a time lag of from 1 to 1-1/2 hours
between the time when a package of off denier yarn has been produced and the
time when it is detected by deniering and adjùstments to the process are
made. Thus at a production rate of four packages per hour per processing
line, 4 to 6 off denier packages of yarn can be produced per processing line
before the process is corrected.
In addition, deniering the packages of yarn generally wastes 90
meters of yarn per package plus it requires test equipment and personnel to
perform that function. This in itself constitutes a significant expenditure
over a period of time. Thus, considerable savings in time, money and mater- --
ial could be realized if a process were developed whereby deniering was not
required to insure that the yarn produced was within quality control limits.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus
for processing thermoplastic yarn.
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Another ob~ect of the invention is to provide a method and appara-
tus for processlng thermoplastic yarn whereby deniering is not requlred to
insure that the yarn produced is within quality control limits.
Summary
According to the invention there is provided a method for proceqs-
ing thermoplastic yarn comprising: monitoring a value related to the denier
of the yarn and associated with a yarn plug to determine whether said value
is above or below a predetermined value; timing the interval for the value
associated with said yarn plug to oscillate above and below said predeter-
mined value; and processing the yarn in response thereto.
Further in accordance with the invention a thermoplastic yarn isprocessed by passing the yarn to a heating zone; passing the heated yarn to
a texturing zone wherein the textured yarn exits the texturing zone in the
form of a yarn plug, said yarn plug having an end from which the textured
yarn is pulled, said end oscillating with respect to a predetermined point;
controlling the temperature of the heated yarn by controlling the temperature
of the heating zone; controlling the temperature of the heating zone by em-
ploying a temperature controller which maintains the temperature of the heat-
ing zone at a first set point; continuously monitoring the presence or ab-
sence of said yarn plug at the predetermined point; timing the interval forthe end of said yarn plug to oscillate with respect to said predetermined
point; comparing the time interval with a fixed time period; and changing the
set point of said temperature controller from the first set point to the
second set point in response to the comparison of said time interval with
said fixed time period.
Further in accordance with the invention there is provided appara-
tus for processing thermoplastic yarn comprising: a monitoring means to mon-
itor a value related to the denier of said yarn and associated with a yarn
plug to determine whether said value is above or below a predetermined value;
a timing means to time the interval for the value associated with said yarn
plug to oscillate above and below said predetermined value; and means for
processing the yarn in response to said time interval.
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Further in accordance with the invention an apparatus for process-
ing thermoplastic yarn comprises heating means for heating a yarn; texturing
means for texturing the heated yarn to produce a yarn plug, said yarn plug
having an end from which the textured yarn is pulled; temperature control
means for maintaining the temperature of the heating means at a first set
point; monitoring means for monitoring the end of said yarn plug, the end of
said yarn plug oscillating with respect to a predetermined point; timing
means for timing the interval for the end of said yarn plug to oscillate with
respect to said predetermined point; and means for changing the set point of
the temperature control means from the first set point to a cecond set point
if the interval for the end of said yarn plug to oscillate with respect to
said predetermined point is equal to or longer than a fixed time period.
Brief Description of the Drawing
FIGURE 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the apparatus
of the invention employing a cutter and an aspirator for sending the yarn to
waste; said apparatus is also suitable for use in one embodiment of the pro- ;
cess of the invention.
FIGURE 2 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the appa-
ratus of the invention which is also suitable for use in another embodiment
of the process of the invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Referring to the drawing and specifically to FIGURE 1, the inven-
tion will be more fully explained in a system in which the length of a yarn
plug is monitored. Continuous filament undrawn yarn 4 is fed from a plural-
ity of packages 2 through eyelet guides 6 and tensioned by tensioning gates
8 to control the yarn coming from the packages 2. The yarn 4 is brought to-
gether in guide 10 to form a yarn 12 of the desired total denier and tensioned
by tensioning gate 14 to provide better control of the yarn. The yarn 12 is
fed to a heated feed roll 16 and onto a heated draw roll 18. Either or both
of these rolls are suitable for use as a heating zone or a heating means.
The draw ratio should be in the highest ratio consistent with good drawing
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performance. The yarn is then fed to a suitable crimping means generally de-
noted by reference numeral 20. In the embodiment illustrated, the crimping
means 20 is a fluid jet crimper as known in the art; however, other crimping
means such as a stuffer box can be used. The only limitation imposed on the
crimping means 20 is that it be of the type which produces a yarn plug. The
crimping means 20 contains a fluid ~et portion 24 and a chamber 26 contain-
ing a plurality of stacked members 28 such as balls. A suitable heating fluid
such as steam enters the fluid ~et portion 24 of crimper 20 via line 30. The
steam heats the yarn 12, assists in crimping and exits the crimper via line
32 and through the stacked members 28. An ad~ustable angle idler 22 is used
to insert a controllable amount of false twist into the yarn prior to crimp-
ing. This is useful in controlling heat losses from the yarn, and, hence the
yarn temperature entering the crimping means 20. The yarn plug 34 formed in
the crimping means 20 is passed through a tube 36 in which the yarn plug 34 ;
is broken up and cooled by countercurrent air 38 or other suitable fluid,
producing yarn plug end 45.
The length of the yarn plug 34 in the quench tube 36 varies in-
- versely with the temperature of the yarn in the crimping means 20. Increas-
ing the temperature of the yarn in the crimper causes the yarn to shrink,
increasing the denier of the yarn and thus decreasing the yarn plug length.
Conversely, decreasing the temperature of the yarn increases the yarn plug
length. Temperature controller 40 controls the temperature of draw roll 18
which in turn controls the temperature of the yarn entering the crimping
means 20 and consequently the length of the yarn plug. Temperature control-
ler 40 is set to maintain the surface temperature of the draw roll at or
above a preset temperature or set point. This temperature controller is of
a standard type which senses the resistance of a temperature-sensitive de-
vice, such as a metal resistor-bulb. The temperature controller will add
heat until it sees a resistance which equals the set point resistance. In
addition, a by-pass circuit is contained in the temperature controller 40
which increases the temperature of the draw roll 18 above the set point when-
ever said bg-pass is activated. Since a metal resistor-bulb increases in
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resistance with increasing temperature, the by-pass circult merely reduces
the actual resistance as seen by the temperature controller causing the tem-
perature controller to heat the roll above the set point. Heat is added to
the roll until the resistance of the metal resistor-bulb as modified by the
by--pass circuit equals the resistance of the metal resistor-bulb at the set
point. Point 44 indicates a point lying on the path of both an electric eye
beam 42a and the yarn plug 34. Electric eye 42 monitors the length of the
yarn plug 34 by detecting the presence or absence of the yarn plug 34 at
point 44 and activates the by-pasQ circuit of the temperature controller 40
if the yarn plug 34 is detected, that is, if beam 42a is interrupted by plug
34. The detection of the yarn plug can be accomplished by electrical or
mechanical means or both; however, the electric eye works very well and is
preferred. Temperature controller 40 then raises the temperature of the
draw roll above the set point, increasing the temperature of the yarn and de-
creasing the yarn plug length. When the electric eye 42 detects the absence
of the yarn plug 34 at point 44, then the by-pass circuit is deactivated and -
temperature controller 40 maintains the temperature of the draw roll at the
set point.
In setting the set point of temperature controller 40, the control-
ler should have a set point at which the temperature of the draw roll ismaintained so that the end of the yarn plug 45 is positioned just above the
electric eye beam 42a and point 44, that is, where the plug just breaks the
beam. When the electric eye beam 42a is broken and the end of the yarn plug
45 is above point 44, the by-pass circuit is activated causing the tempera-
ture controller 40 to increase the temperature of the draw roll above the
set point. This in turn increases the temperature of the yarn and thus re-
duces the yarn plug length until the electric eye 42 is exposed to light
beam 42a indicating that the end of the yarn plug 45 is below point 44. Thus
in narmal operation the end of the yarn plug 45 must continuously oscillate
above and below the electric eye beam 42a and point 44.
The monitored value is normally the length of the yarn plug or the
end 45 of yarn plug 34 but some other parameter which is an indicator for
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10~5445
changes in yarn denier can be used. If a stuffer box crimper ls used as the
crimping means, then changes in yarn plug length can be made by changing the
gate pressure if desired rather than changing the temperature of the yarn in
the crimper; or both the gate pressure and the temperature of the yarn can
be controlled. If only the gate pressure is controlled, then temperature
controller 40 would be replaced with a pressure controller; however, the
electric eye 42 and the by-pass circuit would remain the same.
It is noted that the temperature of the yarn in the crimping means
20 can be ad~usted by controlling process variables other than the draw roll
temperature. For example, the temperature and/or flow rate of the steam in
the fluid jet crimper can be controlled. However, control of the draw roll
temperature has proven to be very effective and is preferred.
Further in accordance with the drawing the crimped yarn 12 is ten-
sioned by tension pins 46 and then passed to take off roll 48. Take off roll
48 is operated at a constant speed determined in relation to the speed of
draw roll 18 so as to produce yarn of the desired denier.
The yarn 12 is entangled by entangler 50, passed over pin 52 and
aspirator 54 and passed through cutter 56. The yarn 12 is subsequently wound
on packages by winder 62.
Aspirator 54, cutter 56 and timer 58 are operated in conjunction
with the electric eye 42. The electric eye 42 monitors a value which in this
embodiment is the length of the yarn plug as indicated by the presence or ab-
sence of the yarn plug 34 at point 44 lying on the path of the electric eye
beam 42a. Each time the beam 42a is opened or closed, that is, when the eye
42 detects either the presence or absence of the yarn plug 34, timer 58 is
reset. It is only when timer 58 is not reset within a fixed period of time
and thus the timer 58 times out that solenoid 60 is triggered, which supplies
air via line 53 to aspirator 54, and cutter 56 cuts the yarn. Yarn 12 is
then produced to waste via line 55 through the aspirator 56 and the package
is doffed.
It is important to emphasize that the electric eye 42 resets timer
58 either when it detects the presence of the yarn plug 34 or when it detects
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the absence of the yarn plug 34 after once detecting it. Thus timer 58 times
the interval for the yarn plug 34 to oscillate from point 44 and back again
in either direction. If the time for the oscillation is equal to or longer
than the fixed period of time set on the timer, then the timer times out,
activating the cutter and aspirator system.
Since the draw roll 18 and the take off roll 48 are operated at
constant speeds, the yarn plug 34 could be maintained at a constant length
provided the various temperatures throughout the process and the denier of
the feed yarn were constant; such a system would always produce constant
denier yarn. But, only the speed of the draw roll 18 and the take off roll
48 can be held constant and as other process variables change, the yarn plug
34 will change in length, which also indicates a change in yarn denier. How-
ever, it has been discovered that the denier of the yarn produced can be
maintained within quality control limits where the yarn plug 34 oscillates
above and below a predetermined value within a f~xed period of time. It is
possible that even though the timer times out, the denier of the yarn pro-
duced may still be within quality control limits. This would occur, for
example, if the temperature of the steam entering the fluid jet 30 accidental-
ly fell at the same time that the draw roll 18 was increasing in temperature
to bring the end of the yarn plug 45 below the electric eye beam 42a and the
result was that the end of the yarn plug 45 remained just above point 44.
Of course, such a situation is highly unlikely, but it is possible. The im-
portant thing that must be emphasized, however, is that if the yarn being
produced is off-denier, the yarn plug will not be oscillating properly and
the timer will time out.
Although one of the preferred embodiments is to utilize the aspi-
rator and cutter system as described above, the timer can be used to light a
light, sound a horn, etc., when timed out, or, as shown in FIGURE 2 which
is another preferred embodiment, the timer can be used to adjust the set
point of the temperature controller. In its broadest aspect the invention
is not limited to the use of a particular system or process, such as the
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cutter and aspirator system, but simply to processing the yarn in response
to the time interval required for the yarn plug oscillation.
Referring now to FIGURE 2, which shows schematically an embodiment
very similar to that of FIGURE 1 except that instead of using a cutter 56,
aspirator 54, and associated equipment, FIGURE 2 uses a means 70 for changing
the set point of temperature controller 40 when the timer 58 times out. In
some instances it may be desirable to ad~ust the set point of temperature
controller 40 rather than cut the yarn and send it to waste as previously
described.
~ccording to this embodiment of the invention as shown in FIGURE 2,
a signal from timer 58 to set point adjustment means 70 is provided when the
timer times out. ~here temperature controller 40 senses the resistance of a
temperature-sensitive device as previously described, means 70 can be a cir-
cuit which increases or decreases the resistance of the set point circuit
causing the adjusted set point to be raised or lowered a specified amount as
compared to the original set point. Generally the difference between the
adjusted or second set point and the first or original set point ranges from
about 1 to about 10C.
In the operation of this embodiment of the invention, if the yarn
plug 34 is out of control in the direction of the crimping means 20 when the
timer 58 times out, thus indicating the yarn plug 34 is too short, the heat-
ing zone, draw rolls 16 and 18, must be operated at a lower temperature.
Therefore, set point adjustment means 70 adds resistance to the set point
circuit. On the other hand, if timer 58 times out when the plug is out of
control in the direction of winder 62, thus indicating that the yarn plug 34
is too long, the heating zone, draw rolls 16 and 18, must be operated at a
higher temperature. Therefore, set point adjustment means 70 decreases the
resistance of the set point circuit. In addition, indicating means 72, such
as a light, can be used to indicate to an operator that the set point of
temperature controller 40 is being adjusted and that the operation should be
examined to determine why the adjustment to the set point is necessary. Tim-
er 58 can be either manually or automatically reset once the set point is
iOf~S~5
adjusted.
Further the embodiments of FIGURES 1 and 2 can be combined where-
in the cutter and aspirator system of FIGURE 1 is used after one or more ad-
justments to the set point are made employing the system of FIGURE 2. Such
a combined system would permit the operator an opportunity to inspect the
equipment while it is operating to determine why the set point was adjusted.
Although it is possible to adjust the set point of the temperature
controller repeatedly, employing simple control circuitry well known in the
art, it is not recommended to do so if each adjustment is in the same direc-
tion, that is, if a number of adiustments in a row decreases the resistance
of the set point circuit. For example, if a belt on a draw roll begins to
slip, causing the yarn to experience less and less drawing, then repeated
` ad~ustments to the set point of the temperature controller to increase the
temperature of the draw rolls would probably maintain the denier of the yarn
within quality control limits; however, eventually a yarn would be produced
which may be of the proper denier but which would not possess the proper
crimp. The number of adjustments to the set point which can be tolerated
will vary considerably depending upon the magnitude of each adjustment, the
specific process, and the type and denier of the yarn processed.
EXAMPLE
Three (3) ends of undrawn polypropylene yarn were processed in ac-
cordance with the invention as shown in FIGURE 1 and described above. Each
end of the feed yarn was 2380/42 denier. It was desired to produce 2500/126
denier yarn with quality control limits of +100 denier. The by-pass circuit
on the temperature controller was set to add a maximum of 6~C to the draw
roll and the resettable timer adjusted to two (2) minutes.
The electric eye-temperature controller system as described above
compensated for changes in process variables, but only to a limited extent.
The limit to which the electric eye-temperature controller system compensated
for changes in process variables depended upon the temperature range of the
by-pass circuit on the temperature controller. The relationship between the
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temperature of the draw roll and the denier of the crimped polypropylene yarn
of the size used was approximately 27 denier per C. Thus with the by-pass
circuit set at 6C, the temperature controller compensated for changes in
yarn denier due to changes in process variables up to approximately +81 den-
ier. When changes in process variables caused changes in yarn denier in ex-
cess of approximately +81 denier, the yarn plug failed to oscillate across
the electric eye beam. The temperature limits of the by-pass circuit of the
temperature controller were determined by the desired denier limits of the
yarn. Since the temperature relationship between the crimped polypropylene
yarn snd the draw roll was approximate, a conservative setting for the by-
pass circuit was used.
Out of a total of 910 packages of yarn produced, seven (7) "short"
packages were produced, that is, the timer timed out seven times due to a
failure of the yarn plug to oscillate properly, causing the cutter to cut the
yarn before the packages were full and thus producing seven (7) "short" pack-
ages. A quality control check of these packages proved that the yarn was in
fact off-denier. The remaining 903 full packages were deniered and all 903
packages were within the quality control limits.
It is noted that in this example the yarn plug oscillated approxi-
mately every 20 seconds in normal operation. The maximum time that could beallowed for the oscillations and still produce on-denier yarn is not known.
Depending on the particular process involved, the fixed time period is usual-
ly in the range of from about 1/2 to 5 minutes.
In addition, another 288 full packages of yarn as above described
were made in a subsequent mill run. The packages were not deniered, but the ~
packages of yarn produced excellent carpet without streaks or other similar ~- s
discrepancies which usually indicate off-denier yarn.
These actual runs are evidence of the outstanding results obtained
by the practice of the present invention. They also indicate that deniering
of full packages of yarn produced in accordance with the present invention
can be eliminated without a compromise in quality.
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