Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~0~3~
There are nu~erous cleaning agents. Most of the commerclally
available cleanlng agents are soaps and detergents. A soap may be a salt of a
long chain fatty acid such as a sodium galt of stearic acid or a sotlum salt
of oleic acid. A detergent may have a strongly polar group and a large non-
polar member such as a strong polar group like sulfonic acid or a sulfate and
a large non-polar member such as an alkylaryl unit. Also, the detergent may
have a metal member such as sodium to form a godium alkylaryl sulfonate.
The soaps and the detergents may be classified as having a
large non-polar member that is oil soluble and polar member that is water
soluble.
It is possible to clean certain dirty materials with other
cleaning agents such as water alone. The use of water alone is, generally,
unsatisfactory and is not used to any extent. Further, there are numerous
solvents for dirty materials and such solvents being alcohols, chlorinated
hydrocarbon and the like. One cleaning agent which has been used in the past
; and is also used at the present time is a phosphate such as trisodium phosphate.
One of the ob~ections to the use of trisodium phosphate is the pollution intro-
duced by the phosphate and also the difficulty of controlllng the cleaning
action of the trisodium phosphate. ~uite often the control of the cleaning
actlon of the trisodium phosphate is, practically, impossible and fabrics may ~-
be damaged and even destroyed.
In preparing this patent application, there were selected, at
; random, from a local supermarket three popular, commercially, available clean-
ing agents and which were advertised as detergents.
On the first one of these cleaning agents was written on the box of the cleaninga8ent:
"The ... formula contains 8.7X phosphorus which
l is equivalent to 7 grams of phosphorus per one
cup recommended usage.~'
: '~',' ~' . . :' ' :' .. ' - ~ , '
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . : .. :. ... ...
: . . . . . ... ...
. : ...... , - : ~ :. .
-
- 1065730
On the box for the second cleaning agent there was w~itten:
"This ... formula averages 12.3% phosphoru~, in the
form of pho~phates, which is equivalent to 11.8
grams per 1-1/4 cup use level.
"The surfactants in ... are biodegradable in lakes
and streams. This means that these ingredients
are broken down by natural processes. This capability,
which helps eliminate suds-foaming problems in our
lakes and streams, is one which...shares with other
ma~or lsundry products."
On the box for the third cleaning agent there was written:
"This...formula averages 12.3~ phosphorus, in the
form of phosphates, which is equivalent to 11.8
grams per 1-1/4 cup use level.
. , ,
"The surfactants in.. are biodegradable in lakes
and streams. Thiæ means that these ingredients
are broken down by natural processes. This capability,
which helps eliminate suds-foaming problems in our
~i lakes and streams, is one which... shares with other
ma~or laundry products."
From the above it is seen that commercially available detergents
~ .
contain phospho N s and which phosphorus is, generally, in the form of phosphates.
To repeat, the u~e of phosphate in cleaning agents i8, generally, discouraged
because of the pollution introduced into water by the phosphate.
~i
With this knowledge of the, generally, unfavorable pollution
~, .
factors of phosphates I have inventet the sub~ect`invention which makes it
posslble to have a cleaning agent free of phosphates and which cleaning agent
toeq a good ~ob in the cleaning of fabrics.
As is well-known commercially available cleaning agents, such
as the three above mentioned, contain adtitional components to assist in the
`1 cleaning and in the brightening of ob~ects. For example, the cleaning agent
! may incorporate a wetting agent to assist the detergent or soap to lessen the
.
surface tension to allow penetration by the soap or detergent into the material
to be cleaned. There may be an anti-deposition agent 80 that the dirt will not
redepo-it upon the material which has been cleaned. Further, there may be an
. ~
~ 2 -
~ . .
.:
,.,, ~ . . :
:: ~ . .:
. .
- - ,
~ . . . . :
-~: . : ~ :- . ::.
106573(~
optical brightener to give a cleaner appearance to the materlal being cleaned.
Also, in certain instances there may be built-in blueing agents to glve a more
white and cleaner appearance to the material being cleaned and also there may
be built-in a bleaching agent.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention comprises a saccharide, a compound of an alkaline
earth metal and a compound of an alkali metal. The saccharide may be one of
many different forms such as low polymer starch like dextrin or maybe sucrose
or glucose or maltose or other water soluble saccharides.
The alkaline earth metal compound may be of readily available
materials such as calcium hydroxide or hydroxides of other members of the second
series of the periodic table such as magnesium, barium and strontium.
The compound of the alkali metal may be a salt such as sulfate,
carbonate, chloride, citrate, acetate, to name a few. The alkali metal may be
sodium or, another member of the first series of the periodic table such as
lithium or potassium.
I have performed tests on various cleaning agents made with the
saccharides, alkaline earth metal compounds and alkali metal compounds and have
found that these formulation produce a cleaning agent which cleans well and does
not contain compounds of phosphorus which pollute water.
It i~ to be realized that in the cleaning agent using these
basic components of the saccharide, an alkali metal compound and an alkaline
' earth metal compound there may be also used a wetting agent, an anti-deposition
agent, an optical brightener, and, if desirable, a blueing agent and a bleaching
agent.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An ob~ect of this invention is to prepare a cleaning agent from
readlly available commercial material; a further ob~ect is to prepare a cleaning
: '
~ . - 3 -
........
. .
':: , . ' : ~ : .
.. . .
~06573(~
agent from low-cost readily available commercial material; and an additional
ob~ect i8 to disclose a cleaning agent which can be readily formulated from
available material; another ob~ect is to teach of a cleaning agent which,
apparently, has no adverse ecological effects; an additional object is to dis-
close a low-cost cleaning agent; another important object is to disclose a
cleaning agent which is effective both in cold water and warm water; an additinal
ob~ect is to teach of a cleaning agent which can be readily packaged; an
additional important ob~ect is to disclose a cleaning agent which in an aqueous
solution places a limit on the concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide
produced; an additional ob~ect i8 to teach of a cleaning agent which may benefit
from the material being cleaned, as a material being cleaned may contribute a
component to the reaction of the cleaning agent; and, a further important ob~ect
is to teach of a cleaning agent which cleans without the use of a phosphorous
compound.
These and other important ob~ects and advantages of the invention
will be more particularly brought forth upon reference to the accompanied detailed
description of the invention and the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The cleaning agent of this invention comprises a saccharide,
20an alkaline earth metal compound and an alkali metal compound.
The saccharide may be a monosaccharide, an oligosaccharide
having two to ten more saccharide units, or polysaccharide having more than ten
monosaccharide units. Essentially, a saccharide is either a simple or compound
sugar. The saccharide may be a soluble starch such as a lower molecular unit
of starch like dextrin.
Readily available saccharide is sucrose also known as saccharose,
normal table sugar, used in the household for cooking purposes.
~ .
' - 4 -
: . : ~ :, . ':,
'' :,. ~ ':'; ' : ' :,
10~;5730
A readily available alkaline earth metal compount is calcium
hydroxide or calcium oxide.
A readily available alkali metal compound is a sodium salt such
as sotium chloride or sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate
or sodium acetate or sodium citrate.
These components were blended together to form the basic clean-
ing agent. A number of cleaning agent mixes were prepared from these components,
see following examples of I through VIII.
EXAMPLE I
Initial Starting Material
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose (Sucrose) 1368 4
- Ca(OH)2 240 3.25
NaCl 2700 46.2
Mineral Oil 30
Lemon Extract 10
Blueing 50(drops)
As an initial startlng material for the cleaning agent there i8
prepared a mixture of saccharose or sucrose, calcium hytroxide and sotium salt
such a sodium chloride. In this mixture there is also incorporated mineral oil,
lemon extract and liquid blueing. These components were mixed together to form
the cleaning agent. The components in the form indicated were stable with
respect to each other and could be storet for a long period of time. Also, the
components, in an aqueous solution, would react to form sodium hydroxide and
calcium chloride. The excess of the saccharose over the calcium hydroxide
insured the solubilization of the calcium. The lemon extract functioned as a
fragrance for the cleaning agent. In many cleaning agents there i8 incorporated
a blueing compound.
- 5 -
:....... .. : . .. -
? .
: ' , ` ` ' .' ' ' ' ' ' ' ., ' ' ~, ': ' . ' ' . `
iC)65730
The mineral oil i8 used to coat partlcles of the mixture to
prevent caklng and thereby causes the mixture to be free-flowing.
EXAMPLE II
Gra~ r
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose(Sucrose)1368 4
Ca(OH)2 240 3.25
NaCl 3016 52
Soy flour (through)
(200 mesh)350
Mineral Oil 30
Bluelng (liquid-50 drops) 4
Lemon Extract (perume) 10
- In Example II there was used saccharo~e or sucrose, calcium
hydroxide, sodium chloride and 80y flour. Also, there was used mineral oil.
blueing and a lemon extract for iragrance.
The components were well mixed and hat a dilution of one gram
per 100 grams of water the pH of the mixture was 11Ø ~t a dilution of 100
gram~ of the cleaning agent per washtub of water, the pH of the solution was
8Ø A washtub is, approximately, nine gallons.
From these results it is seen that there is a high pH or the
resulting solution was basic.
The soy flour is used as an anti-deposition agent or as a
su6pensoid for the dirt which is extracted by the cleaning agent.
The mineral oil is used to coat particles of the mixture to
prevent caking and thereby causes the mixture to be free-flowing.
.:
- 6 -
:, ' , . . . ... .
' ' ' . ' "'" ' , ' ' '- ~'' :. ~ , ~ '
:' ' ', . ' ' . .
1065730
EXAMPLE III
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose(Sucrose)1368 4
Ca(OH)2 240 3.25
; NaCl 3016 52
Soy flour (through )
(200 mesh)350
Mineral Oil 30
Blueing (liquid-50 drops) 4
Lemon Extract (perfume) 10
Soluble Starch
(C6H1005-Dextrln)324 2
In ~xample III, in addition to the saccharose there was used ``
textrin or a soluble starch to determine the effect of the soluble starch on
the cleaning agent.
At a dilution of 1 gram of cleaning agent per 100 grams of
water, the pH of the resulting mixture was 11Ø At a dilution of 100 grams
of cleaning agent for one washtub of water, the pH of the resulting mixture was
8Ø A washtub is, approximately, nine gallong.
From these results it is seen that the pH of the aqueous mixture
is hi8h and, that the dextrin or soluble starch does not adversely effect the
i pH of the resulting aqueous mixture from the cleaning agent.
The soy flour is used as an anti-deposition agent or as a
~ suspensoid for the dirt which is extracted by the cleaning agent.
..~
The soluble starch is used both as a saccharide for reacting
with the calcium hytroxide and also as a suspensoid or an anti-deposition agent.
'~ :
- ' .
1065730
EXAMPLE IV
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose(sucrose)1368 4
Ca(OH)2 240 3
NaCl 3Q16 52
; Na2C03.10H20 286
Mineral Oil 30
Blueing(liquid-50 drops) 4
Lemon Extract(perfumej 10
In Example IV there was used saccharose or sucrose and calcium
hydroxite and two sodium salts, viz., sodium chloride and sodium carbonate, a
mineral oil, a blueing and a lemon extract for fragrahce. In this example the
effect of the use of a sodium salt other than sodium chloride was to be
~ determined. At a dilution of one gram per 100 grams of water the pH of the
; resulting mixture was 11 snd at a dilution of 100 grams per wa6htub of water the
pH of the resulting mixture was 8Ø In comparison with Examples II snd III
the additlon of sodium carbonate, in Example IV, did not, apparently, have any
effect on the pN of the resulting squeous mixtures. A washtub is, approximately,nine gallons.
The mineral oil is used to coat particles of the mixture to
prevent caking and thereby causes the mixture to be free-flowing.
:' ' .
.~ .
:` .
., ~ ' , . ..
,;~
~ - 8 -
.
$~
: , ` ~ . ~ . , . . .- . .
:.. - , . . . .
.:, , :
'~
` iO65730
EXAMPL~ V
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose (Sucrose) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 240 3
' NaC1 3016 52
Na2C3 1H2 286
Mineral Oil 30 i;
Blueing(liquid-50 drops) 4
Lemon Extract(perfume) 10
Soluble Starch
(C2H1005-Dextrin)324 2
In Example V there was used a soluble starch or dextrin in
, addition to the saccharose or sucrose.
The components were mixed to form the cleaning agent and the
cleaning agent at a dilution of 1 gram per 100 cc of water resulted in an
aqueous mixture having a pH of 11.0 and 100 grams in a washtub resulted iD an
.~, , .
~' aqueous mixture having a pH of 8Ø A washtub is. approximately, nine gallons.
~ Apparently, the effect of the soluble starch or dextrin did
i ~ not play an important role in altering the pH of the resulting aqueous mixtures.
.
The soluble starch i9 4sed both as a saccharide for reacting
i~` 20 with the calcium hydroxide and also as a suspensoid or an anti-deposition agent.
1 ~ The mineral oil is used to coat particles of the mixture to
,
~; prevent caking and thereby causes the mixture to be free-flowing.
'
:~
.
` - 9 -
`` ~ '
~0657;~0
EXAMPLE ~I
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose(Sucrose) 1000 2.92
Ca(OH)2 175 2.4
NaCl 1500 25.6
2Na3C6H507-11H20(citrate) 54 0.2
Na C2 H302.3H20(acetate) 32 0.4
Soy Plour 200
Mineral Oil 40
Perfume 2.5
Blueing 50 drops
In Example VI there is used saccharose or sucrose, calcium
hydroxide, and three sodium salts, viz., sodium chloride, sodium citrate ant
sodium acetate, as well as soy flour, mineral oil, a perfume and blueing. The
components were mixed to form the cleaning agent. 100 grams, 1/3 of a cup,
of this cleaning agent was added to a washtub and the resulting wash water had
;~ a pH of 8.5. Also, in an automatic wasbing mschtne clothes were washed with
this cleaning agent ant the rinse water had low suds and a pH of about 9.5.
Further, the rinse cycle continued to wash with low suds. With this cleaning
'~ 20 agent there was good cleaning with 1/4 of cup of this cleaning agent to an
automatic washing machine having clothes to be cleaned.
The soy flour is used as an anti-deposition agent or as a
suspensoid for the tirt which ls extracted by the cleaning agent.
The mineral oil is used to coat particles of the mixture to
~ ` prevent caking and thereby causes the mixture`to be free-flowing.
.:1 ' `.j '
- 1 0
' ~.
., .
- , ~,, . . : . : .
~ . . . : ~
- ~.
1065730
EXAMPLE VII
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose(Sucrose) 1000 2.92
Ca(OH)2 150 2.
2Na3C6H507.11H20(citrate) 54 0.2
NaC2H302.3H20(aCetate)32 0.4
NaC1 16
2 3 2 1500
Soy flour(through 200 mesh) 200
Mineral Oil 40
Blueing 50 trops
In this cleaning agent there wa6 uset saccharose or sucrose,
calcium hydroxide, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and sodium
carbonate. Also, there was used soy flour, mineral oil and blueing. The
compoDents were mixed. The cleaning agent was designed to evaluate the various
salts of sodium and the compatibility of these salts with saccharose, calcium
hydroxide and each other.
; An aqueous laundry mixture of the cleaning agent was prepared
and this laundry mixture hat a pH 11Ø 100 grams of the laundry mixture was
20 added to the washtub of water and the resulting aqueous mixture had a pH 8.5.Clothes were washed in an automatic washing machine ant the
- . rinse water of the washing machine had a pN 6Ø By observation, the wash
water was low sudsing.
The soy flour is used as an anti-deposition agent or as a
suspensoid for the dirt which is extracted by the cleaning agent.
., ~
' .
:
' ':
~Y~ , "
',`''' ' '` ' :'; ,.' ~ ". ', '.`'` : . . ' ~' :: '
`~',` ',, :, ' ' , ' : ` ' , ' ~ ` '
1065730
EX~MPL~ VIII
Gram
Component Grams ~oles
Saccharose(Sucrose) 1000 2.9
Ca(OH)2 181 2.4
2Na3C6H507.11H20(citrate) 48 0.16
2 3 2 2 28 0.34
NaC1 12 0.2
Soy Flour (through 200 mesh) 200
Mineral Oil 40
In this example there is used saccharose or sucrose, calcium
hydroxide, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, soy flour and
mineral oil. In this example the compatibility of the sodium salts was to be
tested. The components were mixed to form a cleaning agent. An aqueous mixture
of the cleaning agent had a pH 11Ø 50 grams of the cleaning agent was added
to water in a washtub and the resulting aqueous mixture had a pH 8Ø Rinse
water from the washing of clothes in an automatic washing machine with this
cleaning agent had a pH 5Ø It was noted that in the washing cycle the aqueous
~ mixture had a mlnimum of suds. A washtub is, approximately, nine gallons.; The 80y flour is used as an anti-deposition agent or as a
suspensold for the dirt which is extracted by the cleaning agent.
The mineral qil is used to coat particles of the mixture to
prevent caking and thereby causes the mixture to be free-flowing.
., .
_ 12 -
;~;,... , " ~ "
i : . .: :
:`.
- . ~ .
..
1065730
EXAMPLE IX
Gram
Component Grams Moles
NaCL 2900 50
Saccharose(Sucrose) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 640 8
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct of
nonyl phenol 640
Alkylarylsulfonate 320
A123 2si2-2H2(Kalin) 9000
The basic components of this example were the saccharide or
saccharose, calcium hydroxide and the sodium salt, viz., sodium chloride. Also,
there was used an aluminum silicate, kaolin, as an anti-deposition agent, then
there was used a surfactant or wetting agent. A surfactant or wetting agent is
commonly, used in a cleaning compound to lower the surface tension of the
aqueous solution and to allow the active components to more, effectively, clean.
One gram of this cleaning agent in lOO cc of water produced a
pH 11 and 100 grams of this cleaning agent in a washtub of water produced an
aqueous mixture having a pH 9Ø A washtub i8, approximately, nine gallons.
The aqueous mixture comprislng 1 gram of the cleaning agent and
lOO cc of water when shaken, 25 cc of the aqueous mixture in a lOO cc measuring
., .
tube and shaken, producet 25 cc of foam.
In washing a gray swatch having a color reading of 10, there was
produced with this cleaning agent a swatch having a color value of 2Ø The
color scale is 1 for white and 10 for gray or dirty. The resulting 2.0 white
value indicates goot cleaning by the cleaning agent.
~.; .
.
~ 13 -
~ ~ ,
.~.. ~:, . : . . .. .. .. . . . . .. .
:,', . :' , ' ' ' : ' ' . ' :'. - ' :~: '
~ .: . . . .. . . . ..
1065730
EXAMPLE X
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Na2C03.10H20 7150 25
Saccharose(sucrose) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 640 8
CaC03 4750 47.5
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct of
nonyl phenol 640
Alkylarylsulfonate 320
In this example the cleaning agent comprlsed of saccharose or
sucrose as a saccharide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and, also, calciumcarbonate. There is employed a surfactant or wetting agent.
One gram of the cleaning agent was added to 100 cc of water to
prepare an aqueous mixture having a pH 11. 100 grams of the cleaning agent was
added to a washtub of water to have an aqueous mixture with a pH 9. A washtub
is, approximately, nine gallons.
25 cc of the aqueous mixture comprising 1 gram of cleaning agent
ant 100 cc of water, upon being shaken, produced 30 cc of foam.
~ 20 A gray swatch of cloth was washed in an aqueous mixture with
`~ this cleaning agent to produce a clean cloth having a number 1 white value.
On the scale of number 1 white value is the highe-t value that can be realized.
_ 14 _
'
.: ~
- . . ~
.. :; . , .. - , . ~ ,
::,: - . ;. :
~. . . . . .
:;. . : ~ . : :
: . . ~ . : . -
. .
lO~;S730
.
EXAMPLE XI Gram
Component Grams Mole~
Na2C3 2625 25
Saccharose (Sucrose) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 960 12
NaC1 15,000 256
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct
of nonyl phenol 640
Alkylarylsulfonate 320
This cleaning agent comprises a saccharide such as saccharose
or sucrose, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and a large percentage of
sodium chloride. Also, there is a surfactant or wetting agent.
The cleaning agent shows that there may be two sodium salts
present. With one of the sodium salts, sodium chloride, being a percentage of
the cleaning agent.
A gray swatch of cloth, scale of 10, was washet in an aqueous
solution of this cleaning agent ant the resulting swatch of cloth had a value --of 1 or a white value. The white value of 1 is the highest value that can be
J achleved on the wa~hlng scale.
EXAMPLE XII
Gram
1 ComPOnent Grams Noles
3 Na2SiO3.9H2o 1 7100 25
Saccharose (Sucrose) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 960 12
NaC1 10012 173
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene atd~uct of
~; nonyl phenol 640
~; ~ Alkylarylsulfonate 320
- 15 -
'. : : , . ' , ' ~ ' , ' .~ -' ' ';' ' , .. ': .
.; ': . , . .: . , -
1065730
This cleaning agent comprl~ed a ~accharite such as saccharose
or sucro~e, sodium silicate, sodlum chloride and calcium hydroxide. Also, there
was surfactant or a wetting agent.
The quantity, on a percentage basis, of the sodium salts was
quite large, particularly, sodium chloride.
A gray swatch having a color value of 10 was washed in an
aqueous mixture of this cleanlng agent and the resulting clean swatch of cloth
had a white value of 3. A white value of 1 is the highest value that can be
achieved on this color scale.
EXAMPLE XIII
Gram
Component Gr Moles
~ Na2S04.7H2o 6700 25
; Saccharose(Sucrose) 1368
Ca(OH)2 960 12
NaCl 9752 167
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct
of nonyl phenol 640
Alkylarylsulfonate 320
This cleaning agent compri~es 8 saccharide, saccharose or
sucrose, calcium hydroxide, and two sodium salts. The sodium salts are sodium
sulfate and sodium chloride. Purther, there is present a surfactant or a wetting
agent.
A dirty swatch of cloth having a gray value of 10 was washed
in an aqueous mixture of this cleaning agent and the resulting clean swatch had
a white value of 1. A white value of 1 i8 the cleanest cloth or the highest
value that can be realized.
:~
! \ ` - 16 -
:,,
,~
~' ~: : ~ , . :
. . . : : ,- , : - : -: .
: . - .: : . . . ~ .. -:
.: . ~ ..... . ::
1065730
It is seen that the two sodium salts, sodium chloride and sodium
sulfate, are compatible with each other in thls cleaning agent.
EXAMPLE XIV
Gram
Component Grams Moles
NaC1 11600 200
Saccharose (Sucrose) 5472 16
Ca(OH)2 960 12
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct of
nonyl phenol 640
Alkylarylsulfonate 320
This cleaning agent c prises a saccharide such as saccharose
or sucrose, calcium hydroxide and sodium chloride. Also, there is a surfactant
or wetting agent.
~' The sodium chloride is present in a large ratio.
- A dirty swatch having a value of 10 or a gray value of thecolor scale was cleaned in an aqueous mixture of this cleaning agent. The
clesned swatch had a value of 1 or a white value on the color scale. A value
of 1 or a white value is the cleanest or highest value availsble on the color
scale.
It is seen that this cleaning agent comprising a saccharide,
an alkaline earth metal compound, and an alkali metal compound and a surfactant
is an effective cleaning agent.
.~ .
~; ~
; - 17 -
,
.
.: . . . : . . . .
.~: -~. .. ,: - . : . : :. .
: :-: . ,
1065730
EXAMPLE XV
Gr~m
Component G~ams Moles
NaCl 13,200 220
Saccharose ~Sucrose) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 800 10
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct of
nonyl phenol 640
Alkylarylsulfonate 320
This cleaning agent comprises a saccharide such as a saccharose
or sucrose, calcium hydroxide, and sodium chloride. Also, there is a sur-
factant or wetting agent present.
A comparison of the cleaning agents of this example and
Example XIV shows that in this cleaning agent there is a higher ratio of sodium
chloride and that there is a lower ratio of the saccharide to calcium hydroxide
than in Example XIV.
A dlrty swatch of cloth having a value of 10 or a gray value
on the color scale was cleaned in an aqueous mixture of this cleaning agent.
The clean swatch of cloth had a value of 2 on the color scale. A value of 1
on the color scale indicates the cleanest cloth.
r 20 EXAMPLE XVI
Gram
ComPonent Grams Moles
04.10H20 8050 25
Saccharose(sucrose) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 640 8
. .
i CaS04.2H20(through 200 mesh)2982 17
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct of
nonyl phenol 640
AlkylarylsulfoDate 320
- 18 -
. ',".', i ' ' ' .~' ~ ~ ' '. .. ' ` '- ':
. ,~ . ... . .
:~:,
: ' .. '-:'
~?
~ ,' , '
iO65730 ~ .
This cl~aning a~ent comp~ises saccharite, saccharose or sucrose,
calcium hydroxide, sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate. Also, there i9 a sur-
factsnt or wetting agent.
The calcium sulfate, a powder ca~able of going past 200 mesh
screen size, functioned as a anti-deposition agent or a suspensoid for the dirt
removed from the material undergolng cleaning.
A dirty swatch of cloth, cotton, having a color value of 10 on
the color scale was cleaned in an aqueous mixture of this cleaning agent and
the resulting clean swatch of cloth had a value of 1.5 on the color scale or ~ -
close to a white value. The color 1 on the color scale is the cleanest cloth ;~
or the highest value.
EXAMPLE XVII
Gram
Component Grams Moles
NaCl 2900 50
;~
Saccharose(Sucro~e) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 640 8
.' CaC03 9000 90
Surfactant (wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct of
` nonyl phenol 640
Alkylarylsulfonate 320
This cleaning agent comprised saccharide such as saccharose or
sucrose, calcium hydroxide, sodium chloride and c-lcium carbonate. Also, there
was a surfactant or wetting agent.
One gram of this cleaning agent was added to 100 cc of water
to form an aqueous mixture which had a pH 11. 25 cc of this aqueous mixture
Y - ~8it-t~d ~d the re-ult w - 20 cc of fo _.
- 19 -
:-,.: . . . - : .. : : - :
: ~ . ... : -
", ' .. :
- .-, ' ' ., .. , . ~ :
'. ~. ' ,: . ' '
` :'. ' ' . ' -
106573U
A gray swatch of cloth or a dirty swatch of cloth having a
value of lO on the color value scale was cleaned in an aqueous mixture of this
cleaning agent. The swatch o~ cloth, cotton, after being cleaned had a value
of 2,5 on the color scale. A value of 1 on the color scale indicntes the
cleanest or highest value.
EXAMPLE XVIII Gram
Component Grams Moles
Na2S4 3550 25
Saccharose(Sucrose) 1368 4
Ca(OH)2 640 8
CaS04.2H20(gypsum) 12000 70
Surfactant(wettlng agent)
Polyoxyethylene adtuct of
nonyl phenol 640
Alkylarylsulfonate320
This cleaning agent comprises saccharides such as saccharose
or sucrose, calcium hydroxide, sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate. There is a
surfactant or a wetting agent. The calcium sulfate functions as suspensoid
or an anti-deposition agent.
An addition of one gram of this cleaning agent to 100 cc of
water results in an aqueous mixture having a pH 11. 25 cc of this aqueous
; mixture upon being agitated produces 30 cc of foa~.
- 100 grams of this cleaning agent in a washtub of water produces
an aqueous mixture having a pH 9. ~ dirty cotton swatch cloth having a color
value of 10 was cleaned with this cleaning agent and there resulted a swatch of
cloth having a color value of 2 on the color scale. A color value of 1 on the
color scale indicated the cleanest or the highest attainable value.
~ . .
~ _ 20 -
~ ..
:: . -
' : : .
~~
1065730
EX~L~ XIX
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose(Sucrose) 684 2
Methyl Cellulose 320
Ca(OH)2 75
~a2C03 105
Sodium Stearate 1000
Vegetable Oil lo
Lemon Oil 5
Pine Sol 5
This cleaning agent comprises a saccharide such as saccharose
or sucrose, calciu~ hydroxide, sodium carbonate. There is an anti-deposition
.
or suspensoid such as methyl cellulose. Also, there is a wetting agent such
as sodium stearate. Further, there comprises vegetable oil, lemon oil and
pine 801 for fragrance.
An aqueous mixture was prepared from this cleaning agent and
water and there resulted a wash water having a pH 8. & dsing property of the
wash water was detenmined and it was decided that the sudsing was adequate.
.: :
A fabric was washed in the wash water and the rinse water had a pH 5.
20The vegetable oil is used to coat particles of the mixture to
prevent caking and thereby causes the mixture to free-flowing.
., .
:
- 21 -
... . .
. i .
',: ~ . . . ' ' . ' . ' .
.. ` . . . ': ' ' :
iO6?5730
EXAMPLE XX
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose(Sucrose) 648 2
Ca(OH)2 75
Na2C3 105
Sodium stearste 1000
Soy flour(through 200 mesh) 375
Vegetable Oil10
Lemon Oil 10
Pine Sol 5
This cleaning agent comprises a saccharide such as saccharose
or sucrose, calcium hydroxide, sodium car~onate and soy flour. Soy flour
functions as a suspensoid or anti-deposition agent. There is also present
sodium stearate which functions as a wetting agent. Further, there is present - - -
vegetable oil, lemon oil and pine sol for fragrance.
100 grams of cleaning agent wa6 added to domestic type automatic
washing machine. The resulting aqueous mixture had a pH 8. Dirty clothes were
washed in the washing machine and the aqueou~ mixture. The rinse water from
the washing machine had a pH 5. It was observed that the cleaning agent and the
water produced an aqueous mixture having a minimum of sudsing properties.
The vegetable oil is used to coat particles of the mixture to
prevent caking and thereby causes the mixture to be free-flowing.
~'
..
~ ~ 22 -
.
~ T~ ' ' ' ,, , ' , . ' . .' ' .
.- . .
.
- ', : .
?,,~ . .. , . , .. :. . ~:
.~:'- ,.' . ~" ::: ' . .
., ' ' . .:. '
i(~6~73Q
EXAMPLE XXI
Gram
Component Grams Moles
Saccharose(Sucrose) 1368 4
Dextrin(soluble starch) 324 2
Ca(OH)2 150 2
Na2C3 315 3
Sodium Stearate 918
Methyl Cellulose 30
Vegetable Oil 40
NaHC03 168 2
This cleaning agent comprises a saccharide 6uch as saccharose
or sucrose, and also dextrin, and soluble starch. In addition, there is calcium
~ hydroxide and sodium carbonate. There is present a suspensoid and an anti-
- deposition agent such as methyl cellulose and a surfactant or wetting agent
- such as sodium stearate. Further, there is present vegetable oil. In addition
there is present sodium bic~arbonate as well as the sodium carbonate.
100 grams of this cleaning agent was added to a domestic type
of automatic wa6hing machine ant the wash water had a pH 9.5. Dirty clothes
were cleaned in the aqueous mixture in the washing machine. It was noted that
the cleaning agent had good sutsing properties and also good cleansing pro- -
perties on the dirty clothes.
This cleaning agent shows that sodium carbonate and sodium
bicarbonate are compatible.
The vegetable oil is used to coat particles of the mixture to
prevent caking and thereby causes the mixture to be free-flowing.
~ ~ .
~ '
~ - 23 ~
;;: .. :; : : ' ' '' ' ' ' ` ''' ' : `
,A ' . ' ' ; , ' . ..... . .
?~` ` ; . :: . .. `
'':': ` : , ' ' ' , ' : ~ ~ : `' ::
: . `, `: :: :' ' , .
s
1065730
EXAMPLE XXII
G~ams
Component ~ G~ Mole
Saccharose(Sucro6e) 56 0.16
Ca(OH)2 11 0.14
NaCl 116 2.0
Surfactant(wetting agent)
Polyoxyethylene adduct of
nonyl phenol 11
Alkylarylsulfonate 5
Methyl Cellulose 2
10 Silica powder - anti-deposition
agent
This cleaning agent comprises a saccharide such as saccharose
or sucrose, calcium hydroxide and sodium chloride. There is present a sur-
factant or a wetting agent, anti-deposition agent such as methyl cellulose and ~ -
silica powter.
This cleaning agent shows the compatibility of the various anti-
deposition agents with the other compounds of the cleaning agent.
In the foregoing examples the swatch of cloth which was cleaned
was a cotton clotch such as a white oxford cloth. The clotch was preparet
accorting to a test deviset by the Atlantic Refining Company, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. A more complete disclosure of this test is available in The
Journal Of The Amerlcan Oil Chemistry Society the March, 1950 issue, pages 96-
100, in an article entitled, "Choice and Application of a Detergency Test Methot"
by W. K. Griesinger and J. A. Nevison. The cotton tetergency test is presentet
: ln the article as follows.
.
':
~ - 24 -
.
.
: ., , :
~: : ,, .: , ,,, , . : ,. ., .: .. .
:: ; . ;- ;: , - : . . :
~: , :: ... , : ,,
~; ,, , :: . ,
106S730
~'Cotton Detergency Te8t~'
White ~xford clothl 18 de~ized snd conditloned for use by:
a) Washing in a Bendiz washer, using 0.1 wt. X Rhozyme
DM No. 7312 based on the weight of the fabric (about 5 lb.).
b) Repeating the wash, using 0.2 wt. % solutlon o~ Ultra-
wet K followed by a complete rins~ng cycle.
c) Washlng ln 0.2 wt. % solutlon of a bullt fatty acid
soap and thoroughly rinsing (until no suds remain in the
water).
d) Cutting the cloth, while still damp, into fou~-inch
(4") strips and ironlng dry. 0
e) Drying strips ln an oven for 2 hours at 150 F.
f) storing in a dessicator untll used.
The soillng ls accomplished by dlpplng five successive
times, without pause between dipplngs, in No. 1 AX soil
prepared as follows:
Welgh--0.9 g. Crlsco, 3
3.1 g. Atreol 34 and
1.0 g. Lampblack into sufficlent carbon tetrachloride
from a 500-ml. portion to ~ust dissolve the oll and fat.
Pass this concentrated 8011 slurry through a small hand
operated homogenizer to obtain good dispersion of the
carbon black and then add the balance of the 500 ml. of
1 carbon tetrachloride.
The 60iled strlps are immedlately hung from one end to dry
(do not put them through a wrlnger) at room temperature. -
j When dry, the strlps are cut lnto 2" x 4" swatches, and the
soiled reflectance is reat (once on each side) on the photo-
meter.4 The soiled swatches are now ready for testing and
are to be used within 48 hours or discarded.
Detergents are usually tested at 0.1, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.5
wt. X concentration, using 100 cc. of test solution, one solled
swatch, and 10 three-elghth lnch hard rubber balls in each pint
`; test ~ar. Duplicate tests are normally N n wlth occaslonal
resort to quadruple testing. The ~ars are` sealed, preheated,
and transferred from the constant temperature preheat bath to
the launderometer, which is run (at 40-42 r.p.m.) for 20 minutes
` at 120 F.
; The ~ars are then removed from the launderometer, the height
of foam above the detergent solution in each ~ar is noted
(following one quick inversion of each ~ar), the swatches removed
and thoroughly rinsed in 120F. tap water, and then air dried.
The reflectance of the air dried swatches is again measured
and the detergency values calculated:
.
, ~ .
~ - 25 -
i
.- ,: . . .. . . : .: : . .. . .
:. . , , : : .. :. -- . - .
' . ' .. ' ', .,'. . ... ' ,'::' ~ , ' ,'', ~ .' '
~' :: - . . :: : : . : .
1065730
Detergency ~ X seflectance regained ~ 100 X
(Reflectance, washed swatch - reflectance ~oiled swatch)
(Reflectance, origlnal ~watch ~ reflectance, sollet swatch)
Manufactured by Everfast Mills Inc., Eddystone, Pa.
An enzyme preparation used to hydrolyze starch and
thus facilitate its solution. ManuPactured by Rohm and
Haas, 222 W. Washington Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
3Manufactured by The Atlantic Refining Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
4Manufactured by the Photovolt Corporation, 95 Madison Avenue,
New York 16, N. Y."
The foregoing examples and test~ 6how that these cleaning agents
in aqueous mixtures do clean a 60iled or dirty cotton cloth.
In the aqueous mixtures the cleaning agent may unction in such
a manner that the calcium hydroxide reacts with the soluble sugar to form a
reaction product or a complex of calcium and sugar. Then, the sodium salt may
react with the product of the clacium and the sugar of the calcium and the
saccharide to form sodium hydroxide and a calcium salt. Or, the sodium salt may
react with the complex of the calcium and the saccharide to form a complex or a
reaction product of sodium and the saccharide. The complex or the product of
the sotlum ant the saccharide may react with water to form sodium hydroxide.
The ~otlum hydroxlde ln the aqueous mixture can act upon the dirt`in the article
'` to be cleanet. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide is conerolled in the
'~ aqueous mlxture by the soluble sugar present and, also, by the calclum hytroxide
present. In thls manner the cleansing properties of sotium hydroxite can be
'~ utillzed. The calcium compounds can react with the soluble ~accharides or
`~ soluble sugars to form new products of reaction of the calcium and the
;i~ saccharldes. Then, the sodium salts can react with the products or the complexes
of the calclum and saccharides. It ls seen that the soluble sugar function~ a~
..
- 26 -
i
-.
1()65730
a metering agent for the fonmAtlon oS ~odium hyd~oxide in the aqueou~ mlxture.
A review of the foregoing examples shows that there is present a large excess
of sodlum salt, on a mole basis, over the calclum compound and saccharide.
This means that there is a reserve of the sodium compound present for reaction
with the product or complex of the calcium and the saccharide to form sodium
hydroxide in the aqueous mixture.
There may be used a number oS commercially available anti-
deposition or suspensoid agents, surfactants or wetting agents, optical
brighteners, blueing and bleaching agents in the various combinations of
components for making cleaning agents. Also, it is seen that there can be
used a wide variety of components for making the cleaning agents. A ssccharide
can be used, cslcium hydroxide can be used and many sodium salts can be used.
Further, it is seen that my cleaning agent does not need the use oS a phos- - ;
phorous compound as the three, selected at random, cleaning agents need, see
the first part of this written specification. The cleaning agent is bio-
degradable. The saccharide will be utilized in nature. The clesning agent
can be cohsidered to be biotegradable and, also, free from introducing a
lJ compound of phosphorous into the waste treatment facility or into a body of
water.
Further, this cleaning agent, or clesning agents depending upon
the formulations, cleans the dirt from a soiled or dirty ob~ect in a good fsshion,
see the ~xsmples for the clesning of a dirty swstch of cloth, cotton white
i~ , .
oxford cloth.
From the foregoing having presented by invention, whst I
claim is:
. ~
.
,
_ 27 -
:.. :... - , :
~,.. : -
.~.. . . . .
. . . , ' .
,' ' . ' ' , ',
':'' ' '. . '
" ' . '' ', '' ,' ' , :
' . '' . ' . . ' . . ' ' , :
. "~. ' . ' ~ ::
