Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
This invention relates to the lining of a dish-shaped furnace bed,
in particular for ferro-alloy furnaces and steel converters, wherein bed
bricks are disposed in groups of parallel rows, wherein the rows of adjacent
groups extend horizontally at right angle to one another and wherein the
outermost bed bricks of each row are faced by abutment bricks, onto which
side wa]l bricks are placed.
A lining of this kind forms part of the art according to United
States Patent 3,396,962, J. W. Smith et al, August 13, 1968. According to
that patent, the rows of a bed layer are formed by transversely arched or
vaulted bricks. This causes the outer bed bricks to extend at a different
angle of incline, because-the lengths of the rows of bricks differ. The
adjacent abutment bricks disposed in a plurality of layers will therefore
be cut or hewn from rectangular bricks in order to fit in length and degree
- of incline. This requires a substantial expenditure for fitting work. A
specific cutting of abutment bricks to fit the varying degree oE incline
of the outermost bed bricks, however, results in relatively large joints
in an area of the lining which is particularly stressed so that a
penetration of molten metal may occur.
U.S. Patent 3,370,840 discloses the lining of a dish-shaped bed
for an oxygen-steel converter, wherein the bed bricks are exclusively
transversely arched bricks. In view of the different length of the rows,
this results automatically in different angles of incline o~`-the outermost
bottom brick in each row. Accordingly, in the transitory area between
bottom and wall a number of bricks will have to be cut to fit. In
horizontal extension, the abutment bricks of presumably rectangular cross-
section which are used in this lining, share with the adjacent key bricks
in the wall area merely one horizontal plane. There are no parallel
surfaces between the rectangular abutment bricks and the wedge-shaped
radial bricks. The abutment bricks can extend in parallel merely in one
direction, namely one layer relative to another, whereas within each layer
the bricks are displaced in accordance with the radius of the radial
section thereabove. ~;~
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The object of the present invention is to be seen in the economic
lining of a dish-shaped furnace bed, permitting the use oE but a few
standardized shapes and si~es oE bricks, requiring little fitting work and
eliminating critical joints between bed and side wall, in particular Erom
the highly stressed area between the abutment bricks and the adjacent
standard bed bricks.
This object has been achieved, in that in the rows of
longitudinally tapered bricks are mixed with one another, or combined with
rectangular bricks, in such a manner that all of the outermost standardized
bed bricks which form the rows show a uniorm degree of incline of the
abutment bricks. This permits an economic lining of a dish-shaped furnace
bed by using not more than two or three standardized brick sizes and a
specific abutment brick provided with a corresponding incline, requiring
little fitting work at its square mitered corners.
Any danger of molten metal leaking through at the critical joints
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between the abutment ~t~n~ and the adjacent bed ~ n~s has been overcome,
because according to our invention the bricks may be bedded with narrow
joints.
The bricks required are abutment bricks of uniform size with a
uniform incline on one surface. It is no longer necessary to fit any
abutment brick to a specific incline. The abutment bricks are merely pushed
against the abutment incline of a uniform degree formed by means of an
appropriate mixture of either fully tapered bricks, or fully tapered bricks
mixed with rectangular bricks. The abutment bricks should be displaced
inwardly against the annular brickwork placed thereon, not outwardly. This
prevents any recesses in the transitional area which might weaken the
brickwork. The area between the outer edge of the abutment and the
adjacent body of the wall is filled with a refractory mass which meets the
requirements of wear and rigidity in this area.
The abutment bricks are uniform inter se and may either have the
shape of an oblique rectangular prism, or of a square block having one
bevelled side.
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Where the abutment bricks have the configuration of an oblique
rectangle, they may be divided into equal-sized individual {~res. This may
be desirable for reasons of weight.
In case the li-ni~ng comprises two bed layers disposed one atop the
other, with the bed sh~re~ of earh layer being placed in parallel rows,
slightly stepped against one another and extending in groups hori~ontally at
right angles, the rows of the two bed layers disposed atop one another are
advantageously interdisplaced by 50.
Further features, advantages and methods of use may be seen from
the description of one embodiment, of the invention which is set forth
herebelow with the aid of the enclosed drawings wherein:-
Figure 1 is a cross-section of a lower corner area of a furnace
with a bed lining according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-section along lines A A in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a detail of the bed lining
according to the present invention; and
Figure 4 is a further perspective view of a detail of the bed
lining according to Figure 3, rotated by 90 .
The cup-shaped bed 1 comprises two layers 14 and 15. In these
layers longitudinally tapered bricks 6 and 7 (preferably differing in
degree of taper) are mixed with one another, and perhaps wi-th rectangular
bricks 8, across two rows in such a manner that the outermost bed bricks 4
of the two rows 2 form a uniform abutment incline 9. In most cases, tapered
bricks of one and the same taper will be required. The rows 2 extend in
four sectioned groups 3 parallel to one another and the rows 2 of adjacent
groups 3 extend horizontally at right angles. The rows 2 of the individual
; sectioned groups 3 meet in square mitred or parquet floor fashion. Each row
2, extending in the direction of the furnace, is made from longitudinal]y
tapered bricks 6, 7 and (in case of larger size beds) of rectangular ~
8, of a group 3 and extends radially. The remaining rows 2 of the same group
3 extend parallel to the axial row 2 and are slightly stepped with respect to
~ one another (see Figures 3 and 4).
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The abutment bricks 5 are connected to the inclined abutments 9 by
means of tight joints, because the abutment bricks 5 have a correspondingly
inclined surface. The abutment bricks 5 in the illustrated case have for
reasons of weight been divided into four equal-shaped individual bricks 51.
The abutment bricks 5 show in the illustrated embodiment an oblique
rectangular prism. However, these ~ es may also have the shape of a
square, bevelled on one surface according to the uniform incline of the
abutment 9.
The bricks of the side wall 16 are placed on top the abutment
bricks 5. The abutment bricks 5 require, in the individual rows 2, a
parallel adjustment to one another only as far as the establishing of a
tight joint with the outermost bed bricks 4 are concerned. The bed bricks
4 may be a longitudinally tapered brick 6 or 7 and in the area outside the
mitered corner it may be rectangular brick 8.
Although it is not necessary to cut the abutment bricks 5
separately for forming the proper incline, a very tight joint is obtained.
Any displacement of the abutment bricks 5 should be located close to the
perimeter of the furnace, in order that no cavities will be formed relative
to the wall constructed thereabove. The space between abutment bricks 5
and the body of the wall lO is filled with a refractory mass 11. In the
corner areas 12 between the outermost bed bricks 4 and the restricting
abutment bricks 5 rectangu~ar bricks 13 are provided. In case these
rectangular bricks require shortening, their fractured surfaces should be
placed facing the refractory mass. It may be necessary in some cases to
reduce, in the lower bed layer, the size of the abutment brick 5 at the
inner upper corner 17. This, however, requires no great effort. The space
between the two layers 14 and 15 of the bed is filled with a granular
material.
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