Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1~73'~07
This invention relates to an impro~edfuel composition.
More particularly-, the invention relates to fuel cornpositions
useful, for example, in fueliny internal combustion engines,
which have improved anti-knock properties~
Fuel compositions often include at least one additive to
improve the anti-knock properties of the composition. The anti-
knock properties of a fuel composition are directly related to,
and often measured by, the octane number rating of th~ composition.
Thus, if the octane number rating of a ~uel composition increases,
the anti-knock properties of that composition improve.
In recent years, fuel marketers have worked diligently
to im~rove the anti-knock properties or octane number ratin~
of fuel compositions. Because of the capital investment required,
e.g., for additional petroleum refining capacity, to improve
the inherent anti-knock properties of hydrocarbon-based fuel
compositions, fuel additives which improve fuel anti-knoc~ proper~
ties by a fraction of a single octane num~er re2resent si~nificarlt
developments. However, a continuing need is apparent to provide
additive systems for fuel compositions which increase the
octane number rating of the compositions.
Therefore, onelobject of the present invention is to
pro~ide a fuel composition having improved anti-knock propertiésJ ~ -
as measured by an improved octane number rating.
; Another object of the present invention is to provide
an improved method for fueling an internal combustion engine
` wherein improved engine per~ormance, e.g., reduced tendency to
knock, results. Other objects and advantages of the prFsent
inYention will become apparent hereinafter.
~ 1 improved fuel composition/ e.g.~ for fueling an
internal combustion engine, has now been discovered. The
`
-1-
.
;~@ , "' "
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.<,
3Z~7
composition comprises a major amount of hydrocarhons boiling
in the gasoline boiliny range; a minor amount of at least one
hydrocarbon-soluble compound of a metal selected from the group
consisting of manganese, technetium, rhenium, and mixtures thereof
capable of improving the octane number rating of the composition;
a minor amount of atlleast one aliphatic,preferably monohydroxy,
alcohol containing f~om 1 to about 8, preferably from 1 to about
4, carbon atoms per molecule; and a minor ~mount of waterO The
metal-containing compound and the combination of alcohol and
wat~r are present in the present fuel compositions in mutually
activating amounts to improve the octane number rating of the
fuel composition. Thus, minor amounts of at least one of c~rtain
metal-containing compounds, aliphatic alcohols and water provide
a hydrocarbon fuel composition having an unexpectedly improved
octanejnumber rating. These compositions may be used in an
improved method of fueling an internal combustion engine to
achieve outstanding benefits, e.g., reduced tendency of the
engine to knock during operation.
- ~ .
The base fuel of the compositions of the present
2a i~vention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the
gasoline range. Typically, the base fuel comprises hydrocarbons
which boil primarily in the range from about 50F. to about 500F.
This base fuel may be composed of straight chain or branched
chain paraffinsl cyclo-paraffins, olefins and aromatic hydr3-
carbons or any mixture of these. This base fuel can be
derived from straight run naphtha, polymer gasoline, natural
gasoline or from catalytically cracked or thermally cracked
hydrocarbons, cat:alytically reformed stocks and the like. Any
.
conventional substantially hydrocarbon fuel base may be
employed in t}~e practice of this invention~
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~73~V7
The hase fuel may contain any of the additives normally
employed in a motor fuel. For example, the base uel may contain
anti-icing agents, detergents, demulsifiers, corrosion inhihi~ors,
dyes, deposit modifiers, lead scavengers, multipurpose additives
and the like. In addition, the present base fuel may include
other conventional anti-knock components, such as tetral~.yl
lead compound including tetraethyllead, tetramethyllead, tetra-
butyllead, mi~tures thereof and the like. However, preferably
the present fuel compositions are substantially lead free.
The hydrocarbon-, e.g., gasoline-,soluble manganese,
technetium and/or rheni~ compounds useful in the present invention
in general, are defined as those compounds which are capable of
improving the octane number rating of the present fuel compositions.
Specific examples of such compounds and methods for their prepara-
tion are conventional and well known in the art. For instance,
see: United States Patents 3,3~8,440, 2,~59,604; 2,960,450;
2,~68,599; and ~,868,700 among others. The present compositions
preferably include from about 0.01 grams./gal. to about 10 grams./
gal., more preferably from about O.OS grams./gal. to about
2Q 6 grams./gal. of the presently useful metal compounds, calculated
as elemental metal. That is, in a preferred embodiment, the
present compositions include from about 0.01 grams to about 10
grams of manganese, technetium, rhenium and mixtures thereof
(in the form of hydrocarbon-soluble compounds) per gallon of
fuel compositions. Preferably, the metal compounds used in the
present compositions are compounds of manganese.
In one embodiment of the presen~ invention, the
presently useful metal compounds can be represented by the
following structure~
~ R2 ~ 3
J
~3~
.~ ..
,
3'~7
.
: and mixtures thereof, wherei.n each Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is
independently, i.e., can be the same or di.fferent, selected
frcm the group consisting of hydrogen and monovalent substantially
hydrocarbonaceous radicals containing from 1 to about 20, prefer~
ably from 1 to about 10, carbon atoms; n is an integer equal to
1 or 2 and p is an integer equal to zero or 3, provided that the
s~n of 3, n and p equal 6, and M is a. metallic element selected
from the group consisting of manganese, technetium and rhenium.
Preferably, n is equal to 1 and p is equal to 3. The term
"substantially hydrocarbonaceous radicals" referred to above,
includes those radicals which are compound~ primarily of carbon and
hydrogen and also includes radicals which contain, in addition,
minor amounts of substituents, such as oxygen, halide, sulfur,
nitrogen and the like which do not substantially effect the
; hydrocarbon character of the radicals. :
, the R~, R2, R3, R~ and R5 groups of the above
metal-containing compounds can be alkyl radicals such as, for
example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isohutyl, ~.
sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-amyl, and the various positional isomers
thereof as, for.example, l-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-butyl, 3-methyl- :
~ butyl, l,l-dimethyl-propyl, 1~2-dimethyl-propyl, 2,2-dimethyl-
propyl, and l-ethyl-propyl, and likewise the corresponding
straight and branched chain isomers, of hexyl, heptyl, octyl,
nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl~
~`~ hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octodecyl, nondecyl, eicosyl and the li.ke.
In addition, these monovalent essentially hydrocar~on radicals
: may be alkenyl radicals such as ethyl, ~-propenyl, ~2-propenyl,
:~ .
isoprope.nyl, ~l~butenyl, ~2-butenyl, ~3~butenyl, and the
: corresponding branched chain isomers thereof as, for example,
.~I-isohutenyl, ~2-isobutenyl, ~I-sec-butenyl, ~-sec~butenyl,
includiny l-methylene-~2-propenyl, ~I-pentenyl, ~2~pentenyl,
' '
'; .
,
~, ' - . '
~7~2~7
~3-pentenyl, ~4-pentenyl, and the corresponding branched chain
isomers thereof;~l-hexenyl, ~ 2 -hexenyl, ~3-hex~nyl, ~ 4 -hexenyl,
~5-hexenyl, and the correspondi.ng branched chain isomers thereof,
including 3,3-dimethyl-~'-butenyl; 2,3-dimethyl-~-butenyl;
2,3-dimethyl-~ 2 -butenyl; 2,3-dimethyl-~3-butenyl; and
l-methyl-l-ethyl-~2-p~openyl; and similarly, the VAXioUs
isomers of heptenyl, lctenyl, nonyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dod~-
cenyl, tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, penta~ecenyl, eicosenyl and
the liXe.
In addition, the Rl, R2, R3, R4, and R5 groups can
be aryl radicals, such a~, for example, phenyl, a-naphthyl.,
~-naphthyl, a-anthryl, ~-an~hryl, y-anthryl, and the like includin~
the various monovalent radicals o~ such aromati.cs, e.g., indene,
isoindene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, naphthacene,
chrysene, pyrene, triph~nyl~ne, and the like~
In addition, the Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 groups can be
aralkyl radicals such as, for example, benzyl, a-phenyl-ethyl,
phenyl-ethyl~ a-phenyl-propyl, ~-phenyl-propyl, y-phenyl-
propyl, a-phenyl-isopropyl, ~-phenyi-isopropyl, a-phenyl butyl,
~-phenyl-butyl, y-phenyl-butyl, ~-phenyl-butyl, a-phenyl-isobutyl,
~-phenyl-isobutyl, y-phenyl-jsobutyl, a-phenyl-sec-butyl,
~-phenyl-sec-butyl, y-ph~nyl-sec-butyl, ~-phenyl-t~butyl, . .
a'-naphthyl methyl, ~'-naphthyl-methyl, a-(a'-naphthyl)-ethylr
-(~'-naphthyl)-ethyl, ~-(a'-naphthyl)-ethyl, ~ '-naphthyl)
ethyl, a-(a'-naphthyl)-propyl, a-(~'-naphthyl)-propyl,
'-naphthyl)-propyI, ~ naphthyl)-propyl, y ~a'-naphthyl)-
:; pxopyl, y~ naphthyl)-propyl, a-(al-naphthyl)~isopropyl,
a-(~'-naphthyl)-i.sopropyl, a-(a'-naphthyl)butyl~ a~ naphthyl)~
butyl, ~-(a'-naphthyl)-butyl, ~ '-naphthyl)-bu~yl~ y-(a'- :.
naph~hyl)-butyl,~ '-naphthyl)-butyl, ~-(a'-naphtllyl)-butyl,
; ~5~
'`` ' - ' .
.'
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~3732~7
~(~'naphthyl)-butyl, ~(~'-napht~yl)-isobl1t~ naphthyl)
-isobutyl, ~(~'~naphthyl)-isobutyl, ~(~ naphthyl)-iso~utyl,
y-(~'-naphthyl)-isobutyl, r ( ~-naphthyl)-isobutyl, ~- ~'-naphthy3.)
-sec-butyl, ~ ' naphthyl)-sec-butyl, ~ '-naphthyl)~sec-
butyl, ~ naphthyl)-sec-butyl, y-(a'-naphthyl)-sec-butyl,
y-(~'-naphthyl)-sec-butyl, ~-(u'-naPhthYl) t-butyl, ~ '-naphthyl)
-t-butyl, the corresponding a'~ and ~'~naphthyl derivatives of
n-amyl and the ~arious positional isomers thereof such as,
~or example, said derivative~ of l-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-butyl, 10 3-methyl-butyl, l,l-dimethyl-propyl, 1,2-dimethyl-propyl,
2,2-dimethyl-propyl, l-ethyl-propyl, and likewise said derivatives
of the corresponding isomers of hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and the
like, including eicosyl. Other such aralkyl derivatives of
the metal-containing compounds useful in the pre~ent invention
include the ~'- and ~ I - t and y'-anthyl derivatives of alkyl .-
radicals, such as, for example, a' anthryl-methyl, ~
anthryl~-ethyl, ~-(y'-anthryl)-ethyl, a-~a'~anthrYl)-butYl,
anthryl-2-methyl-amyl, and the like and the corresponding
alkyl deri~atives of phenanthrene, fluorene, acenaphthene, .
chrysene, pyrene, triphenylene~ naphthacene, and the like.
: In addition, the Rl, R2, R3, R4 and RS groups of the
above-described metal-containing compounds can ~e alkaryl such
as, for example, o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, o-ethylphenyl,
:: m-ethylphenyl, p-ethylphenyl, o-n-propylphenyl, m-n-propyl-
phenyl, p-n-propylphenyl, o-isorpopylphenyl, m-iso propyl-
phenyl, p-isapropylphenyl, 2-methyl-~-naphthyl, 3-methyl ~-naphthyl,
4-methyl-~-naphthyl, 5-methyl-a-naphthyl, 6-methyl-~-naphthyl,
: 7-methyl-~-naphthyl, 8-met.hyl-~- naphthyl, l-ethyl-~-naphthyl,
3-ethyl-~- naphth~l, 4-ethyl-~-naphthyl, 5-ethyl~ naphthyl,.
6-ethyl-~~naphthyl, 7-ethyl-~-naphthyl, 8-ethyl-~-naphthyl,
2,3-di-pxopyl-~-naphthyl, 5,8-di-isopropyl-~ naphthyl, and thé
like,
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~L~73Zt)7
Further, the cyclopentadienyl moiety of the above-
described metal-containing compounds can be directly bonded with
at least one fused ring structure, thereby providin~ an organic
ring-containing cyclopentadienyl moiety. The organic ring
structure fused with the cyclopentadienyl moiety can be
alicyclic or aromati1. When this structure is alicyclic,
there is provided a leries of compounds which can be represented
by the general formula
~CH2~ D
wherein a and b can be the same or different and are small
whole integers including zero and excluding one, wherein n,
p and M are as described heretoore, and wherein R5 is
selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and monovalent
essentially hydrocarbon radicals, as described heretofore.
Thus, when a is zero, each of the carbon atoms designated as
2 and 3 have attached thereto a monovalent radical selected
~rom the class consisting of hydrogen and essentially hydro-
carbon radicals. Furthermore, the monovalent radicals so
attached can be the same or different. The same discretion
applies to each o the carbon atoms designated as 4 and 5 when
b is zero.
In an additional embodiment, the present metal-
containing compounds are represented by the following structure
~'` .
[Rl A~n~(CO)p
w~erein A is a cyclomatic hydrocarbon radical having from 5
~ _
:
... . ~, . - . .............. ., , : : - . . :
, . . . : .. , . . - ,
:~1373~37
- to about 25 caxbon a.toms which embodies a gro~p of 5 carbons
having the con~iguration found in cyclopentadielle, Rl is a
monovalent essentially hydrocarbon radical as defined hereto-
fore and M, n and p are as defined hereinbefore:, said compounds.
being further characterized in that the cyelomatic hydrocarbon
radical is bonded to the metal by earbon-to-metal bonds
through carbons o~ the eyelopentad:ienyl group. In a preferred
embodiment, as before, n is equal to 1 and p is equal to 3.
Illustrative examples of the presently useful metal-
eontaining compounds include the following: bis-cyclopentadienyl
manganese, cyclopentadienyl manganese triearbonyl, bis (2-methyl-
eyelopentadienyl) manganese, 2-methyl-eyclopentadienyl manganese
triearbonyl, bis-(3~ethyl.-eycIopentadienyl~ manganese, 3-ethyl-
eyelopentadienyl manganese triearbonyl, bis-(4-n-propyl-eyelopenta-
dienyl) manganese, 4-n-propyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese triearbonyl, `
bis-(5-isopropyl-eyelopentadienyl) manganese, 5-isopropyl-
eyelopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-~2,3-di-n-butyl-
; eyelopentadienyl) manganese, 2,3-di n-butyl cyclopentadienyl
. manganese triearbonyl, bis-(2,4-di-see-butyl-eyelopentadienyl)
manganese r 2,4-di-see-butyl-eyelopentadienyl manganese tri-
earbonyl, bis-~2,5-di-tert-butyl-eyelopentadienyl) manganese,
2,5-di-tert-butylcyelopentadlenyl manganese triearbonyl,
bis-(2-phenyl-eyelopentadienyl~ manganese, 2-phenyl-eyelopent~dienyl
manyanese triearbonyl, bis-(4-(a~naphthyl~-eyelopentadienyl7
manganese, 4-~a-naphthyl)-eyelopentadienyl manganese triearbonyl,
bis-(3-benzyl-cyelopentadienyl~ manganese, 3-benzyl-eyelopenta-
dienyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(4-~a-phenylethyl)-eyelopenta-
; dienyl) manganese, 4-(~-phenylethyl)-eyelopentadienyl manganese
triearbonyl, bis-~3-(~-phenylethyl-cyelopentadienyl)manganese,
. ! .
'~
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~1 ~73f~7
3~ phenyleth~ cyclol~entadi~nyl) manganese tricarbonyl,
bis-(3,4-di-(a-phenyl-butyl)-cyclopentadieny1) mang~nesa,
3,4-di-(~phenyl-butyl)-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl,
bis-(2-benzyl-cyclopentadienyl) manganese, 2-benzyl-cyclopen-
tadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(3-benzyl-cyclopentadienyl)
manganese, 3-ben2yl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl,
bis-(3-o-tolyl-cyclopentadi~nyl) manganese, 3-o-tolyl-cyclopenta-
dienyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(4-m-tolyl-cyclopentadienyl)
manganese, ~-m-tolyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl,
bis-(3-p tolyl-cyclopentadienyl) manganese, 3-p-tolyl-cyclopenta-
dienyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(3-o-ethyl-phenyl-cyclopentadienyl)
manganese, 3-o-ethylpnenyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl,
bis-~2-m-ethylphenyl-cyclopentadienyl) manganese, 2-m-ethylphenyl-
: cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis~(4,5,6,7-tetra~
hydroindenyl) manganese, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindenyl manganese
tricarbonyl, bis-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,~octa-hydrofluorenyl) manganese,
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-octahydrofluorenyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(3-
methyl-4,5-,6,7,tetra~lydroindenyl) manganese, 3-methyl-4,5,6,7,
tetrahydroindenyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(indenyl) manganese,
bis-(4,7-dimethyl indenyl) manganese, 4,7-dimethyl indenyl man-
ganese tricarbonyl, bis-(4,phenyl fluorenyl) manganese, 4,phenyl
fluorenyl manganese tricarbonyl J bis-(3~methyl-4,6-diethyl
indenyl) manganese, 3-methyl-4,6-diethyl indenyl manganese
tricarbonyl, indenyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-fluorenyl man- . :
ganese, fluorenyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(butyl-indenyl)
manganese, butyl-indenyl manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(sec-butyl- :
fluorenyl) manganese, sec-butyl-fluorenyl manganese tricarbonyl,
bis-(isobutyl-3-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) mangane.se, isobutyl-3-
methyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, bi.s~(t-butyl-5- ::
30 o-tolyl-fluorenyl) manganese, t-butyl-5-o~-tolyl-fluor2nyl . . .
, ~9~
;
~1~7~f~
manganese tricarbon~l, bis-(ethyl-di(cyclopentadienyl) manganese,
ethyl-di(cyclopentadienyl) manganese tricarbonyl, bis-(di-ethyl-
indenyl) manganese, di-ethyl-indenyl manganese tricarbonyl,
methylpropionyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, acetyl
cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, benzoyl cyclopentadienyl
manganese tricarbonyl, 3~methyl-5-ethylbenzoyl-isopropyl cyclo-
pentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ~ diethylpropionyl;ndenyl
manganese tricarbonyl, benzylacetyl cyclopentadienyl manganese
tricarbonyl and 3-n-propyl-6-ethylbenxoyl cyclopentadienyl
manganese tricarbonyl. Corresponding compounds of technetium and
rhenium are also sui'cable for use in the present invention.
The aliphatic alcohols useful in the present invention
often contain from 1 to about 8, preferably from 1 to about
4, carbon atoms per molecule. Preferably, the alcohols are mono-
hydroxy alcohols. Such alcohols are conventional and well
known in the art. Included among these alcohols are methyl
alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n propyl alconol~ iso-propyl alcohol,
n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, amyl
alcohols, hexyl alcohols, heptyl alcohols, octyl alcohols
and mixtures thereof. In a particularly preferred embodiment
; of the present invention, t-butyl alcohol is employed. The
alcohol is preferably included in an amount which is soluble
in the present fuel composition at xoom temperature, e.g.,
about 50F. to about 80F. Preferably, the alcohol comprises
from about 0.001% to about 20%, more preferably from about
0.5% to about 12~, by volume of the total fuel composition.
Water is an additional essen~ial component of the
present compositions. Preferably, the water is present in a
amount which is soluble in the present compositions at room
temperature. For example, water preferably comprises from
--10--
,
3~'Z637
about 0.001% to about 0.2~, more preferably 0.005% to about
0.1~, by volume of the total fuel composition. Additionall~,
the present compositions may include a water co-solvent so as
to so]ubilize the water in the present compositions. Specific
examples of such water co-solvents are conventional and well
known in the art. Such co-solvents include, for example, glycols,
aldehydes, amides and diamines containing from 1 to about
carbon atoms per molecules. Illustrative examples include
ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, formamide, meta-phenylene diamine
and the like.
The present compositions are useful in fu~ling an
internal combustion engine and provide cutstanding henefits,
e.g., reduced tendency of the engine to knock during operation.
Conventionally, a fuel composition, such as the present
compositions is combined with air in at least one carburetor
and combusted in the combustion chamber or chamhers of an
internal combustion engine. Since it is preferred that the
present fuel compositions be available for transport to the
carburetor in a sing].e stable liquid phase, it is preferred
that only a single injection means to be used to feed the
compositions to the carburetor. ~Iowever, it is also within
the scope of the present invention that one or more of the
essential components of the present compositions be fed to
the engine by separate injection means. In any event, at
; combustion, the present fuel compositions achieve outstanding
:. ..,,:, :
benefits, e.g., improved engine anti knock properties.
The following examples illust~ate more clearly the
method of the present invention~ However, these illustrations
ar~ not to be interpreted as specific llmitations on this
invention.
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~6~7~C)7
EXAMPL~S
These examples illustrate certain of the benefits
of the present invention.
A number of fuel compositions were prepared with
sufficient blending to insure uniform composition. Each of
these compositions included a base gasoline having the ~ollowing
average characteristics:
Mass Spec Type Analysis Vol.
Paraffins 70
! 10 Naphthenes 10
Arom~ics 20
ASTM (D~86)
Initial 90~
10~ 125
20% 145
~0% 160
60~ 230
80% 290
i EP 400
Certain of these fuel compositions, as shown in Table
I, included one or more of the following components:
A. A commercially availa~le manganese-containing
additive system capable of increasing the octane
number rating of ~uel compositions. The primary
m~nganese-containing compound in this additive
system is cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.
B~ Tertiary butyl alcohol, designated in Table I
l as "TBA".
C. Water
3~ Each of the compositions thus prepared was tested
for octane number by both motor (ASTM D-357-~47) and research
methods (ASTM D-908-47T). ~esults of these octane number
determinations and certain other calculations are summarized
in Table I. ~-
-12-
.
,, , . . . ~ . ~
m~
~) 13 h ~
Z~ ~ . ~ . '
~ 3 o c o o o
W ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ + + + +
l e ~ ~ e
z 3 u ~c 6 #
~ O ~ # ~U l¢ W V ~ N N
a~ # ~ m ~ ~ ~ J ~ o O O o ~ O
X SJ ~ # O O # ~
~a _
~ D~ I`
E C4 .o o ~: e ~ ~ 9 o ~ ~D
X ~ J W N ~) u 3 ~ o ~1
J~ b~ ~ ,~ J .c
X~ l3 o E ~ O~ ~j 8 E N ~ t'l ~ ~ ~ E
I N 1~ ~ O E u~ N C~
0 t: E G ~ r ~ , ~a o E m ~~ u) ~ o c~ Q) C) ~i rJ
N ~ ~ ;~ N C~ ~ O _i N Irl ~) ~1 ~ ~ ~a ~ .
0 ~
~rO ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ :
5 1~ ~ o ~ o ~ N 0~ I Q a u~ ~:
O Cl 0 ~ N 1~) 1~ ~ ~ 11~ N N N ~ N N ~ 1' ~ ~ ~r ~ C D~ 3 ~ C
X O Z _ m m co o~ CD CD ~o co ~ o~ cc> 0 co C~ # .k
~ OIt~ o ~r~ N ~ ~)O ~ S E e
Q _~ N ~ 1~ O N r~ ~ _i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ y~ n- ~: .C
: ' O ~r; Z ~4 O~ ~ ~ O~ V
:, ~ c l o _1 0 0 0 ,~ ~ O E '~ ~c~ ~ g O O O O O ~, O O O O O O ~ O O O O O C~ O ~ ~ Z ~ " '
rJ.rl E~ ~ ~
~ ~ v _I u~ o u~ O u~ o u~ In O U~ n o 4~ S ~
E I I N ~D N O ~0 N O O ~ Otl ~D N ~1 ~ 0 0 ~ ~
,;~1 OP ' '
dP aP dP Ul O Ir~ ~ Ul O O O _I N ~.
o ~ o o ~ ~ ~
:tl ~ . . . " ,' .
~ _l~J _ ~,.:
r-l N ~ I~ 0~ O~ O ~1 ~
:~ ' . ' '
.
' ' " ~: ,.
-13- ... . .
~73Z~37
The results summarizecl in Table I clearly demonstrate
the outstanding im~rovement in octane number rating of the
present fuel compositions. For example, compositions which
include both manyanese-containing compound and a combination
of tertiary butyl alcohol and water (compositions 13 to 18)
have motor method octane number rat:ings from .3 to .8 of a
number higher than the expected simple additive effects oi each
of these components separately. These results are additionally
surprising in view of other data (compositions 1 to 6) which
indicate that no discernable octane number improvement,
other than the expected simple additive effect, is provided
from an additive system including manganese-containing
compound and t-butyl alcohol without water.
In short, these data make clear that a fuel
composition including at least one compound of a metal
selected from the group consisting of manganese, technetium,
rhenium, and mixtures thereof, a minor amount of at least
one aliphatic alcohol containing from 1 to about 8 carbon :
atoms and a minor amount of water provide outstandingly improved
octane number ratings.
While this invention has been described with respect
to various specific examples and embodiments, it is to be
understood that the invention is not limited thereto and that
it can be variously practiced within the scope of the followillg
claims.
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14
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