Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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_CKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to methods and apparatus
for the repair of leaks at pipeline flanges and more particularly
to methods and apparatus for the repair of such leaks in pipe-
lines accomplished without interference with the operation
of the pipeline.
' The construction of pipelines involves many techniques,
but always requires the joining of multiple pieces of pipe.
-~ The conventional methods of joining pipe together include such -
means as welding, threading, or the use of flanged ends which
are bolted together. Where flanged bolted connections are used,
it is not uncommon for leaks to occur in the junction between
the two pieces of pipe whereby repairs are required for con-
tinued pipeline operation.
It is obvious that the preferred repair of a pipeline
flange leak would be accomplished without the need to dis-
~ assemble the flanged connection. Since pipelines are usually
; connected operating systems at either end, it is frequently
impractical to shut down the pipelines so as to facilitate
the repair of the flanged connection.
Various techniques have been developed to attempt
to stop such leaks at the flanged connections of pipelines
without shutting down the pipeline. One ~uch method uses a
cable and a cable tensioning device to close the gap between
the flanges and the area to be sealed and hold down wedge-
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shaped devices adjacent to
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~076980
the leaking area. A sealant is then injected into the
gap between the wedges and the cable so that the cable
seals and holds the sealant in place while it cures. The
cable and te~sioning device may then either remain in
place to hold the sealant over the leak or the cable may
be removed when sufficient friction forces are generated
by the wedges to hold the sealant in place. This method
seals only a portion of the periphery of the flanged
section and is generally unsatisfactory where the seal
is sub~ected to substantial internal pressure.
The disadvantages of the above method and other
techniques and apparatus are overcome by the present in-
vention in that the leak may be sealed while the pipe-
line remains in continuous operation and a permanent
seal is provided around the entire periphery of the flange.
SUMMARY OF THE INYENTION
In a preferred embodiment of the present inven-
tion, a method and apparatus are provided to seal leaks
in pipeline flange ~oints while the pipeline remains in
operation. The method provides for installing slotted
studs in the flange bolt locations so that the slot ex-
tends from the gap between the pipe flan~e faces to the
exterior portion of the pipe flange and defines a leak-
age relief passage. In~ection valve means are installed
open to the stud slots to relieve internal pressure which
may build up as wire wrapping is put in place. A wire is
;~ wrapped to fill the volume of the gap above the flange
bolts. Loops of wire are tightly formed and smoothly
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1076980
ad~acent to one another to form a plurality of layers.
At about two or three layer intervals9 the loops are se-
cured by passing the wire under and around the preceding
loop. If it is desired, steel wool or some other suitable
flexible sealing material may be placed between inter-
mediate layers of the wire wrapping to enhance sealing.
The wrapping is continued until the gap is almost full
and a small lip is left between the last layer of wire
wrap and the top edge of each of the flanges.
A cable is next positioned within the groove
defined by the opposed small llps with a cable tensioning
block positioned ad~acent the leaking area. The cable is
then tensioned by tightening a ~ack screw of the cable
tensioning device. The in~ection valve opposite the
leaking area and the cable tensioning device is then
closed, a sealant in~ection means is connected to the in-
~ection valve, and a suitable sealant is then injected
into the gap area beneath the wire wrap. The cable is
repositioned and these steps are repeated at each in~ection
valve location around the periphery of the flange until
the leaks are stopped and the sealant flows out around the
wire cable. After a short interval of time, sealant is
again in~ected at each in~ection valve location to insure
complete filling of the gap. The cable is removed and
sealant is applied around the periphery of the gap between
the flanges until the sealant is level with the edge of
; the flanges. The in~ection valves are then removed from
the in~ection nuts and plugs installed in the vacated holes
of the valve nuts to complete the installation.
10~6980
Further, apparatus is provided whereby the above
technique can be accomplished. More particularly, a
slotted stud is provided which replaces an original bolt
at the flangediconnection, the slot length being such
that it will provide a co~munication between the interior
of the gap between the flanges and the exterior of one of
the flanges. An injection nut is provided to fit the
slotted end of the stud with a hole provided in the nut
extending from the interior to the exterior so that the
nut can be positioned with the hole opening to the slot
in the stud. An injection valve then maees with the end
of the hole opposite the slot so that a valved entry is
provided to the gap between the pipe flanges. A wire is
wrapped about the periphery of the flanged connection to
fill the area of the gap between the pipe flanges and a-
bove the outer surfaces of the flange bolts and to provide
the strength necessary to withstand the internal pressures
. which may be generated as a result of the leaking pipe
~oint. The in~ection valves relieve the internal pres-
sure while the wire wrap is being installed. A cable and
a cable tensioning means are used to provide external
pressure on the wire wrap while a sealant is in~ected be-
;` neath the wire wrap under pressure in order to fill the
gap and stop the leaks. An in~ection means is then used
' 25 to in~ect the sealant under pressure into the gap between
;- the flanges and beneath the wire wrap. The sealant is
chosen to be compatible with the expected system operating
parameters.
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10769130
It is obvious that flanged connections are used in
the construction of many items in addition to pipelines, such
as pressure vessels and heat exchangers. Therefore the use of
the terms pipeline flange and pipe flange is intended and should
be construed to be broad enough to encompass bolted flanged
connections in general so that application of this invention is
not limited to use on pipelines.
It is a feature of the present invention to provide a
method and apparatus for sealing a pipeline flange leak.
It is another feature of the present invention to
provide a method and apparatu~ for sealing a pipeline flange ~,
leak while the pipeline and related systems remain in operation.
It is yet another feature of the present invention to
provide a method and apparatus for providi~g a permanent seal
for a pipeline flange leak capable of withstanding system operat-
ing parameters.
It is still another feature of the present invention
to provide for a method and apparatus for sealing a pipe flange
leak which can be performed in the field with ordinary tools
and personnel,
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention,
there is provided an assembly for repair of leaks in flanged
connections wherein a gap exists between flange pieces forming
the connections, comprising: a) a plurality of bolts at least
one of which has a slot in one end thereof, said bolts being
spaced about the periphery of the connection to connect the flange
pieces to each other and extending in the gap of the flanged con-
nections' b) each of said bolts having a slot being positioned
such that each of the slots extends from outside one of the flange
pieces, through the flange piece, into the gap; c) nut means for
securing said bolts to said flanged connections, d) at least one
of ~aid nut means secured to one of each of said bolts having a
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slot including an injection passage therethrough wherein secur-
ing each of said at least one nut means on an associated bolt
enables communication of the passage with the slot in said bolt,
e) injection valve means for mounting in communication with the
passage of said at least one of the nut means: f) wrapping means
for wrapping an elongated flexible member around the bolts in
said gap a plurality of times to enclose the gap between the
flange pieces in continuous layers for enabling sealant injected
through the injection valve to be placed under the wrapped
flexible member for repairing the flanged connection.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order that the manner in which the above-recited
advantages and feature of the invention are attained can be
understood in detail, a more particular description of the
invention may be had by reference to specific em-
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107698~
bodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended ~ -
drawings, which drawings form a part of this specification.
It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings
- illustrate only typical embodiments of the invention and
therefore are not to be considered limiting of its scope
for the invention may admit to further equall~ effective
embodiments.
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IN THE DRAWINGS:
Figure 1 is a side view partially in cross-sec_
tion showing the installed injection valves on a leaking
pipeline flange.
~; Figure 2 is a side view showing the wire being
wrapped and securet.
Figure 3 is a side view showing the cable and
cable tensioning device installed during sealant injection.
. .
Figure 4 is a side view partially in cross-sec-
tion of the completed installation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
... .
`~ Figure 1 is a side view of the pipe flange con-
nection showing the installed in~ection valves. More par-
, ticularly, pipes 10 meet at pipe ~oint 14 and are held to-
gether by a bolted connection formed by inserting bolts 12
through the flanges 13 on each piece of pipe 10 and thread-
;~:
ing nuts 11 onto the bolts 12 so as to seal pipe ~oint 14.
If a leak develops at pipe ~oint 14, it is desirable to
` repair the leak without the need for disassembling the
flanged connection. In effecting such a repair, the first
step is the installation of a plurality of injection valve
means 20. In~ection valve means 20 is used to relieve any
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internal pressure build up which may occur between pipe
flanges 13 during subsequent operations described herebelow.
To install in~ection valve means 20, a conven-
tional bolt 12 is first removed and slotted stud 21 is in-
serted through flanges 13. Slot 25 extends from one end
of stud 21 a distance sufficient to extend into gap 15
between pipe flanges 13. Nut 11 is installed on stud 21
opposite the slotted end and threaded a sufficient distance
to bring slot 25 into communication with gap 15. Capped
injection nut 20 is threaded onto slotted stud 21 so as to
engage flange 13 and align hole 27 through injection nut
22 with slot 25. Nut 11 is then tightened to complete the
installation. Injection valve means 20 are installed at
one or more locations around flange 13. Figure 1 also shows
another type of injection valve means 30 including a stud
31 that is formed to define a slot 33 that extends from gap
15 to the exterior of the flange 13 but terminates short
of the end of stud 31. Injection nut 32 is in the form of
a standard nut and is threaded onto stud 31 a sufficient
distance to contact flange 13 and align hole 34 extending
through injection nut 32 with slot 33. To complete the in-
stallation, in~ection valve 23 is connected to injection
nut 22 or injection nut 32 and valve stem 24 is rotated so
as to open injection valve 23.
Figure 2 is a side view showing wire wrapping and
securing operations. Wire wrap means 40 is provided, ge-
nerally consisting of roll 41 and wire 42 wound thereon.
Wire 42 is generally of sufficient strength to withstand
the expected system operating conditions and is typically
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a high tensile strength metal wire. Depending on the
application and the internal leak pressures and corrosive-
ness of the leaking fluid, steel, stainless steel, copper
or monel wire may be used. To begin the wire wrapping
operations, one end of wire 42 is first securely tied to
bolt 12 in flange gap 15 and wire 42 is looped over the
outer surface of flange bolts 12, slotted studs 21 and
s slotted studs 31 if installed, so as to encircle the
flanged connection. Each loop of wire 42 is tightly
drawn and arranged to fit smoothly against the preceeding
loop until one layer has been installed across gap 15.
Subsequent layers of wire 42 are formed by continued
` wrapping of wire 42 in smooth, tight loops inside gap 15.
At intermediate points in the wire wrapping
; 15 operation generally after two or three layers have been
formed, the wrapping ls secured by passing the roll of
wire 41 under and around the preceeding loop. If desired,
, roll 41 may be so passed under and around the loop a num-
ber of times. The wrapping is secured in this fashion at
;~ 20 subsequent points in the operation and it is preferrable
to arrange the secured sections at different locations
about the periphery of pipe flange gap 15. If desired, a
sealing material such as steel wool 43 may be laid between
intermediate layers of wire 42 during the wrapping opera-
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~ 25 tions. The wrapping operation continues until pipe flange
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gap 15 is almost filled. A small lip, generally about
1/8-inch, is left between the top of the last layer of wire
42 and the top of flange 13. Wire 42 is secured by passing
roll 41 under and around the last preceeding loop and wire
42 is cut to complete the wrapping operation.
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~0769~3()
Figure 3 is a side view showing the cabLe and
cable tensioning device installed during sealant injection.
After the wire wrap is completed, cable tensioning means
50 is installed over the top layer of wire 42 by placing
cable 51 around the flanges 13 and adjacent wire 42.
Cable tensioning block 54 is placed adjacent the leaking
area and cable 51 is securely clamped to cable clamp 52
by tightening nut 53 and the cable 51 is tensioned by
tightenin8 jack screw 55 against tensioning block 54.
The sealant in~ection operation is now begun by closing
valve stem 24 of injection valve 23 nearest the area where
cable 51 engages flanges 13. Sealant in~ection means 60
is connected to injection valve 23 and valve stem 24 is
rotated to open in~ection valve 23. Sealant 63 is in~ected ;
into gap 15 beneath the wire wrap 42, via in~ection valve
23 until a pressure build up occurs or sealant 63 blows out
anywhere around the wire wrap 42 and flanges 13. The ca- ~-
ble 51 is left in place long enough for the sealant to
set. Valve stem 24 is then rotated to close in~ection
valve 23 and in~ection means 60 is disconnected from
in~ectlon valve 23.
Jack screw 55 is then turned to remove the ten-
sion in cable 51 and cable tensioning means 50 is rotated
to a position ad~acent another in~ection valve 23. Sea-
lant injection means 60 is then connected to the in~ection
valve 23 ad~acent the new contact between cable 51 and
wire 42 and the process is repeated. Sealant 63 i9 in-
jected to each in~ection valve 23 in turn until the leaks
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are stopped. Sealant 63 is then injected slowly until
sealant 63 flows out around wire 42 or cable 5 The sea-
lant 63 is allowed to sit for a short period of time, ap-
proximately 10 minutes, and then sealant 63 is again pumped
into all injection valves 23.
Figure 4 is a side view of the completed seal.
Cable tensioning means 50 has been removed after the sea-
lant 63 has set a sufficient time to cure in place. In-
~ection valve 23 has been removed from in~ection nut 22
and in~ection nut 32 and plugs 26 have been installed to --
close the holes 27 and 34 respectively. Sealant 63 is
applied to fill the lip between flanges 13 and wire 42.
Wire 42 generally fills gap 15 above the flange bolts 12
and acts as a strength member to hold sealant 63 in place
under the expected system internal pressure. Sealant 63
is placed over the outer layer of wire 42 until flush with
the outer periphery of flanges 13 to provide a smooth,
finished appearance for the completed flange seal.
Sealants are selected for the particular appli-
2~ cation. At low pressures a granular teflon with an in~ec-
tion vehicle, such as oil may be used. Most applications
at higher pressures must use a quick, hard settlng sealant
commonly having a base of rubber or phenolic. Setting
; tlmes are commonly 5 - 15 minutes.
Numerous variations and modifications may ob-
vlously be made in the structure herein described without
departing from the present invention. Accordingly, it
should be clearly understood that the forms of the inven-
tion herein described and shown in the figures of the accom-
panying drawings are illustrative only and are not in-
` tended to limit the scope of the invention.
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