Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
10790~3
Description of the Prior Art
Forms for vertical wall concrete castings have generally
been built from wood or steel or both. For many years the--
construction industry has erected such forms by interconnecting~
or fastening together, a plurality of panels. Each such panel,
in a widely used commercial embodiment, has a plywood facing
with four steel rails which are welded together to form a
rectangular frame. The welded steel frame is secured to the
perimeter of the facing. Reinforcing steel cross members are
provided between rails. Such panels are available in standard
sizes of 4, 6 and 8 feet in height and with a standard width o~
2 feet. Filler panels are available to make up odd lengths
of walls.
The rails have a pair of contact flanges on each side of
their web and the flanges are oriented outwardly from each paneL
so that the contact flanges provide two areas of contact when
two panels are set side by side and are secured to one another
in the process of erecting the walls of a form.
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To connect adjacent aligned panels, connector slots are
formed in the webs of the rails. These connector slots are
uniformly spaced so that when two such panels are placed side
by side and in proper alignment their connector slots are
aligned. The panels of one wall can then be secured together
by a wedge key which is inserted through a pair of opposed and
- aligned connector slots of the pair of rails between adjacent
panels. A second identical wedge key fits into a slot in the
first to secure the first wedge key in the rails and thus the
adjacent pair of panels together. As panels are assembled to
erect the walls of a form a looped tie is secured to the rails
of adjacent pairs of panels with the ties preferably being ~-
uniformly spaced. The spacing of the ties is determined by the
speed of the pour and the height of the form. To secure a tie
to the panels, the rails are provided with tie notches which
are also uniformly spaced in the same manner as the connector
slots so that when the rails of two panels are aligned and
fastened together their tie notches form tie slots. The
relationship between the connector slots and tie slots of a
pair of rails of connected panels is that lines through the
centers of corresponding pairsof tie slots and connector slots
will be substantially perpendicular to one another and intersect
one another.
When a looped tie, a tie having a loop at each end, is to
be connected between two pairs of panels of opposing walls of a
form, a tie is inserted through the tie slots between a pair
of rails of adjacent panels of one wall and a wedge key is
inserted through the connector slots and the loop to fasten that
end or loop of the tie to the pair of panels. The first wedge
key is locked in place by a second similar wedge key driven into
the slot of the first.
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Similarly, the other loop of the tie is secured to the
rails between a pair of panels of the opposite wall of the form.
One of the problems of the prior art associated with
the use of pairs of wedge keys to secure looped ties to the
rails of panels in opposing wallS of a form is that large
numbers of such wedge keys are needed. Since they are relatively
small and are not secured together, the rate of loss of such devices
is particularly high. In addition the insertion of such wedges
through the connector slots and loop of a tie positioned between
a pair of rails is difficult to do quickly and efficiently. Another
problem with the prior art is that the loops of a looped tie are
between the rails when locked in place so that the panels must be
removed to break off, or break back, the ends of the tie within
the concrete after it has set.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improvement in
a form having opposing walls, each of the walls being composed
~ of a plurality of adjacent panels, each panel having a facing,
; rails attached to the perimeter of each facing, each rail having
a web and a pair of contact flanges which project outwardly from
each panel, tie notches formed in the contact flanges, the positions
of the tie notches being such that when two panels are placed side
by side with the contact flanges of the rails of adjacent panels
substantially in contact, the tie notches of the rails substantially
form pairs of tie slots; a looped tie extending through the
aligned tie slots of pairs of paneIs of opposing walls of the form
with the looped ends of the tie projecting through the rails of
adjacent panels of the opposing walls, a clamping lock for securing
a loop of a tie to the rails of a pair of adjacent panels of
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a wall of a form; the improvement in the clamping lock comprising:
a pair of clamping members mountable astride the rails; means for
removably securing the clamping members together; means forming
a looped tie opening between the clamping members, the opening
being substantially aligned with the centers of the tie slots; and
means attached to a clamping member for fixedly securing the loop
of a tie to the clamping lock.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention
will be readily apparent from the following description of
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1079083
certain preferred embodiments thereof taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings, although variations and modi-
fications may be effected without departing from the spirit
and scope of the novel concepts of the disclosure, and in
which:
Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a portion of a
concrete casting form including rails of a pair of panels of
one wall of the form with an embodiment of the clamping lock :
of the present invention secured to the rails and the anchor lock
of the clamping lock engaging a loop of a looped tie;
Figure 2 is an exploded view of the clamping lock
illustrated in Figure l; ~.
Figure 3 is a view in perspective of a looped tie rod;
Figure 4 is a view in perspective of portions of a pair
of steel framed panels;
Figure 5 is a plan view of the clamping lock of Figure l;
Figure 6 is a section taken on line 6-6 of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a section taken on line 7-7 of Figure 5;
Figure 8 is a section taken on line 8-8 of Figure 7; -
Figures 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 illustrate various modifica-
tions of the means for securing the clamping members of the
clamping lock together:
Figure 14 is an exploded view of the modifications
illustrated in Figure 13;
Figures 15 and 16 are illustrations of modifications of
the protuberance or teeth of one of the clamping members;
Figures 17, 18 and 19 illustrate modifications of the
means for fastening the loop of a tie to the clamping lock of
the invention;
Figure 20 is an illustration of a modficiation of the
clamping lock which is adapted to be fabricated from steel
stampings;
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Figure 21 is a second modification of the clamping
lock of the invention which is also adapted to be fabri-
cated from metal stampings;
. Pigure 22 is a perspective view, similar to Figure 1
but showing an alternative form of clamping lock utilizing
a swing bolt to clamp the clamping members against the rails;
Figure 23 is an exploded perspective view of the clamp-
ing lock of Figure 22: and
Figure 24 is an enlarged horizontal section, taken along
line 24 of Figure 22.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
In Figure 1 clamping lock 20 is illustrated as being
secured, or clamped, to the rails 22, 23 of steel framed panels
25, 26. A plurality of such forms are interconnected to form
the opposing walls of form 27, a fragmentary portion of which
is illustrated in Figure 6. Lock 20 has two clamping members
28, 29, which are secured or bolted together by bolt 31 which
is illustrated in Figure 2 to secure lock 20 to rails 22, 23
and to position lock 20 properly on rails 22, 23 as will be
explained subsequently. Tie fastening means, or anchor lock
33, is pivotally mounted on clamping member 28. Anchor lock
33 has a pair of arms 35, 36, either of which is adapted to
be inserted into a loop 38 of looped tie 39, which is illus-
trated in Figure 3. It should be noted that a part, or portion
25 of loop 38 extends, or protrudes beyond, opening 41 formed by .;
clamping members 28, 29 when they are secured together as
illustrated in Figures 1, 6 and 7 which facilitates breaking
off, or breaking back, of the ties without first removing the
panels after the concrete has set.
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In Figure 4 details of steel framed panels 25, 26 are
illustrated, particularly those which facilitate clamping or
securing lock 20 to the rails 22, 23 of panels 25, 26 so that
tie fastening means 33 can fasten or lock one end of looped tie
39 to rails 22, 23. Facing 43 of panels 25, 26 in a preferred
embodiment is made of plywood. Rails 22, 23 each has a web
portion 45 and a pair of contact flanges 46, 47 which project
from the same c;~e of the web outwardly from the panel to
which the rail is secured. An attachment flange 48 is pro-
vided on the other side of web 45 to facilitate fastening the
rails 22, 23 to the facing 43. Connector slots 49 are formed
in the webs 45. They are of uniform dimensions and are evenly,
or uniformly, spaced along the rails so that when two panels
are positioned side by side and are aligned properly corres-
ponding connector slots 49 are aligned and opposite one another.
Tie notches 51 are formed in the contact flanges 46, 47. When
the rails 22, 23 are positioned side by side, so that they are
` properly aligned with contact flanges 46, 47 in substantial
contact, notches 51 substantially form a rectangular tie slot
52 which is best illustrated in Figures 6 and 8. An additional
flange 53 which projects from the same side of webs 45 as
attachment flange 48 is provided on some commercially avail-
able panels. These flanges 53 when present provide additional
stiffness and strength to the rails and to the panels. Clamp-
ing members 28, 29 are provided with grooves 54 within which
flanges 53 readily fit as is best seen in Figure 7.
Clamping members 28, 29 of lock 20 as seen in Figure 2 .'
each has a base 55, 56 which bases are provided with cooperating
substantially planar surfaces. When members 28, 29 are secured
or forced together by tightening bolt 31, for example, which
extends through bore 58 in base 56 and is threaded into threaded
bore 59 formed in base 55, members 28, 29 form a unitary structure.
Bolt 31 and bores 58, 59 are the means for removably securing
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1079~33
together clamping members 28, 29 in the embodiment illustrated
in Pigure 2. Bases 55, 56 are also provided with substantially
.. planar bearing surfaces 61, 62 which are substantially co- .
planar when members 28, 29 are secured together by tighten-
ing bolt 31. In addition bases 55, 56 are provided with tie
surfaces 64, 65 which cooperate when members 28, 29 are se-.
cured together as illustrated in Figure 1 to form tie loop
opening 41. Each clamping member 28, 29 is provided with a
jaw 67, 68 which extends from bases 55, 56 respectively as is
best illustrated in Figure 2. Each of the inner surfaces of
jaws 67, 68 is provided with a tooth, or protrusion, 70 which
is adapted to fit into one of a pair of aligned opposing
connector slots 49 as is illustrated in Figures 7 and 8.
Protrusions 70 are preferably made so that they do not enter
into the area between rails and thus will not interfere with
the positioning of a tie 39 through tie slots 52 as can be
seen in Figures 7 and 8. To provide additional stiffness
and strength particularly to jaws 67, 68 each clamping member
is provided, in the preferred embodiment, with a rib 71 ~s
formed as an integral portion of clamping members 28, 29.
A pivot bore 72 is formed through base 55 of member 28
and a pivot bolt 73 is inserted through bore 72 and pivot
opening 74 formed in the pivot eye 75 of shank 77 of anchor
lock 33. Curved arms 35, 36 are attached on either side of
shank 77. Arms 35, 36 are made integral with shank 77 and are
substantially symmetric with respect to arcs of a circle whose
center coincides with the center of pivot opening 74 and lies
in the pivot axis 79 which is also the axis of pivot bore 72
when anchor lock 33 is pivotally mounted on base 55 by bolt 73
and nut 81. Arms 35, 36 are wedge shaped, increasing in height,
from their tips to where they are connected to shank 77 as is
best illustrated in Figure 7. Arms 35, 36 also gradually
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increase in width from their tips to the shank. The bottom
surfaces of the pivot eye 75 and of arms 35, 36 are adapted
-to contact, or be supported by, bearing surfaces 61, 62 of
members 28, 29 as can be seen in Figures 6 and 7, and prefer-
ably are substantially flat, or planar, so that anchor lock
33 can turn easily about the pivot axis 79. While anchor
lock 33 is illustrated as having two arms in Figures 1 and
2, since only one arm is used at a time, one could be omittedO
- Tie 39 which is illustrated in Figure 3 is preferably
made of steel rod, number 3 or number 4 gauge, with the ends
welded to the body of the tie to form loops 38 at both ends.
The dimensions of tie 39 are chosen so that the loops 38 will
fit easily within the tie slots 52 of the rails 22, 23 of
adjoining panels and so that a portion of loops 38 will
project beyond bearing surfaces 61, 62 of members 28, 29 when
locks 20a, 20b are properly clamped to the rails of panels of
opposing walls of form 27 as illustrated in Figure 6. This
facilitates the entry of one of the tapered arms of anchor
lock 33, such as arm 36, into loop 38 as illustrated in Figure 1.
To make it easier to position ties 39 between pairs of
rails of panels making up opposite walls of form 27 and to
break it back, tie opening 41 of lock 20 is shaped so that it
has a circular cross section where it intersects bearing
surfaces 61, 62 of members 28, 29. Tie opening 41 has a
25 rectangular cross section at its other end. The size of the
rectangular area of tie opening 41 is substantially equal to
that of a tie slot 52. The rectangular shape of the tie
opening 41 in proximity to the nearest tie opening 52 helps
to align a tie 39 with tie slots 52 in the rails of the panels
30 used to construct a form, and thus to permit ties to be
guickly and efficiently positioned in a form.
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The relationship between the curved arms 35, 36 of
anchor lock 33, pivot axis 79 and the symmetrical axis
83 of tie opening 41 are best explained by references to
Figures 5 and 6. The arms 35, 36 are substantially symmetric
to an arc 84 of a circle whose center lies on pivot axis 79
of Figure 6. Arc 84 also substantially intersects the axis
of symmetry 83 of tie opening 41 formed in lock 20a. As a
result, it is relatively easy to insert either arm 36 or arm 35
into loop 38 of tie 39 to lock, or fasten, loop 38 to lock 20a
as is illustrated in Figure 6. The slope of the upper surfaces
such as surface 85 of arm 36 as illustrated in Figure 7 permits
a workman who is erecting a form to apply significant tension
to tie 39 by applying force to arm 87 of anchor lock 33 which -
is an extension of shank 77.
The interaction of the teeth or protrusions 70 with
connector slots 49 properly position clamping lock 20 on rails
22, 23 as is best illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 8. Each
tooth, or protrusion, 70 is tapered slightly to fit readily
into slots 49 and as the jaws 67, 68 of a lock 20 which is
astride the rails as seen in Figure 7 are tightened by tighten-
-ing bolt 31, each clamping lock 20 is positioned so that its
tie opening 41 is aligned with tie slots 52 as seen in Figures 6
and 7 and is securely fastened to the rails. Protrusions 70
do not extend into the interior of the space between rails 22,
23, or stated another way, their height does not exceed the
thickness of web 45 as can be seen in Figures 7 and 8.
In Figure 6 a portion of form structure 27 made up of
interconnected, or ganged, panels is illustrated. Rails 22a, s
22b are connected by tie 39 which extends between a pair of
clamping locks 20a, 20b which are secured to the rails 22a,
22b. Tie 39 extends from the anchor lock 33a of clamping
lock 20a to anchor lock 33b of clamping lock 20b. To confine
semi-liquid concrete 89 within form 27 the pressure of the
concrete against the facings 43 of the panels is transmitted
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to the ties 39 between opposing walls of form 27 through
the arms of the clamping locks, such as arms 36a, 36b of
locks 20a, 20b as illustrated in Figure 6.
The stiffness of tie 39 and the relatively close fit
between the loop 38 of a tie and the thickest portion of
either of the arms 35, 36 of anchor lock 33 resist any
tendency of opposing walls of form 27 to move toward one
another prior to concrete being poured into form 27 and
thus act as spreaders or spacers which properly hold the
opposing walls of the form 27 apart the prescribed distance
until concrete is poured into the form.
Alternate ways for forcing or clamping members 28, 29 of
clamping lock 20 together are illustrated in Figures 9, 10,
11, 12 and 13. In the preferred embodiment illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 a hexagonal headed bolt 31 is the means for
securing the clamping members 28, 29 of clamping lock 20 to-
gether. A winged bolt 91 which is illustrated in Figure 9
or a swing arm bolt 92 with an arm 93 pivotally secured to
one end of bolt 92 can be substituted for hex headed bolt 31.
An advantage of such a substitution is that winged bolt 91
or swing arm bolt 92 can be tightened or loosened by hand
whereas a conventional wrench is needed to tighten or loosen
bolt 31.
In the modification of Figure 11 a pin 95 is threaded
into bore 59 of jaw 28. Cam arm 96 is pivotally mounted on
pin 95. As arm 96 is rotated from its unlocked position, the ;
position shown in dotted lines in Figure 11, to its locked
position illustrated in full lines, jaws 28 and 29 are forced
together and held together until arm 96 is returned to its
unlocked position. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 12,
bore 98 in clamping member 29 is tapered to permit jaw 68 to
swin~ away from jaw 67. This allows the jaws 67, 68 to be
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1079083
placed astride the rails to which they are to be clamped by
loosening bolt 31.
In Figure 13 another modification of the means for
removably securing together clamping member 28, 29 of clamping
S lock 20 is illustrated. A tongue 100 is formed as an integral
part of member 28. A tongue receiving slot 101 is formed in
jaw 29. When jaws 28 and 29 are assembled as illustrated in
Figure 13 they can be secured together by driving a wedge key
102 into key slot 103 formed in tongue 100. In the modifica-
tion of the securing means illustrated in Figures 11, 12 and 13
anchor lock 33 which is normally secured to clamping member 28
has been omitted to simplify the drawings.
To provide clamping lock 20 with the capability of being
used with rails which have been distorted in use, for example,
an adjustable tooth or protrusion 105 can be attached to set
screw 106 as is illustrated in Figure 15. Face 105 is
journaled on set screw 106 so that it does not rotate as set
screw 106 is rotated to adjust the amount that tooth 105
projects beyond the inner surf~ce 107 of jaw 68. In Figure
16 cap screw 109 which is threaded into jaw 68 is provided
with a rounded end 110 which serves as an adjustable tooth,
or protuberance.
In Figure 17 another embodiment of the tie fastening
means to secure the loop of a tie 39 to a clamping lock is
illustrated. Clamping member 28 is provided with tang 111
and member 29 with tang 112. Each tang is provided with a
guide slot 113 through which the handle 114 of lock pin 115 .;
is adapted to be inserted. The wedge portion 116 of lock '
pin 115 is adapted to fit in wedge guide slots 117 which are
formed in tangs 111 and 112. The wedge guide slots 117 are
substantially aligned with the center of the tie opening 41
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10790~33 : `
of clamping. lock 20~ By sliding handle 114 of lock pin 115
into the guide slots 113 and wedge portion 116 into wedge
guide slots 117 of tangs 111, 112, the wedge portion 116
can be inserted into a loop 38 of a tie 39 which is not
illustrated to secure loop 38 to clamping lock 20.
In Figure 18 a modified form of lock pin 119 is illus-
trated. Lock pin 119 is provided with a pair of wedge por-
tions i20, 121 ~-hich are secured at opposite ends of handle 122.
Lock pins 119 permit either wedge portion 120 or wedge por-
tion 121 to be used to attach a tie 39 to a clamping lock.
In Figure 19 cam lock 124 is pivotally mounted on tang
125 which is formed integrally with clamping member 28. Arm
126 of cam lock 124 is curved to apply tension to locp 3a of
tie 39 through which arm 126 is forced as lever 127 is
rotated in the direction of arrow 128. When cam lock 124
is rotated to a position to fully tension tie 39, its locked
position, the geometry of the cam lock 124 and the forces
applied to it is such that these forces will maintain cam
lock 124 in its locked position until an additional force is
applied in the opposite direction of arrow 128 to lever 127.
Arm 126 is offset so that it passes substantially through the
axis cf symmetry 83 of tie opening 41.
In the various modifications of the embodiments of the
clamping lock described heretofore, the clamping members have
been made of a suitable cast metal such as a moldable cast iron,
steel or aluminum. However, clamping members 130, 131 of the
embodiment illustrated in Pigure 20 are made from stamped or .;
pressed metal such as steel. Each member 130, 131 has a base
132, 133 and each base has a jaw 134, 135 depending from its
base. Each jaw is provided with a protrusion, or tooth, 136
adapted to fit into the connector slots 49 of rails 22, 23
which are not illustrated in Figure 2Q. The two members 130,
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131 are seeured together by a pair of bolts 137 onto which nuts
138 are threaded. A tie opening, or passage, 139 is formed by
surfaces of members 130, 131, 132 and 133 in a manner similar
to that of other embodiments of the clamping cam lcck of this
invention. Anchor lock 140 is pivotally mounted on member 130
by bolt 141 and nut 142 which are positioned through pivot
bore 143.
In Figure 21 another embodiment of the clamping lock of
this invention is disclosed which is also adapted to be made
from metal stampings. Clamping members 145, 146 have bases
147, 148 with depending integral ~aws 149, 150. Each of the
jaws 149, 150 is provided with protrusion, or tooth, 151 which
is adapted to fit into connector slots 49 of rails 22, 23
whieh are not illustrated in Figure 21 to properly position
lS and seeure clamping lock 152 to sueh rails. Bases 147, 148
are pivotally seeured to base plate 153 by bolts 154 and nuts
155 whieh are inserted through openings, or holes, 156. A
pivot bore 158 is formed through plate 153 to which ànchor
lock 160 is pivotally secured by bolt 161 and nut 162. A
cireular opening 164 in base plate 153 and portions of bases
147, 148 form a passage through whieh a loop 38 of a tie 39
that is not illustrated ean be extended and engaged by an arm
of anchor lock 160 to properly secure the loop to the clamping
lock 152. Clamping members 145, 146 are seeured together by
bolt 166 and nut 167. Bolt 166 is adapted to be inserted
through bores 168 in members 145, 146.
An alternative embodiment is shown in Figures 22 - 24
wherein a loeking elamp 170 is seeured or clamped to rails
22', 23' of steel framed panels, such as panel 25'. Lock 170
has two clamping members 172, 173 which are pivoted together
by pivot pin 174 which extends through openings 175 and 176
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in ears 177 and 178, respectively, of clamping member 172
as best seen in Figure 23. Conveniently, clamping member
173 has an aperture 179 in ear 180. This ear 180 fits be-
tween ears 177 and 178, respectively, so that the aperture
179 aligns with apertures 175 and 176 for receiving bolt 174.
Advantageously, a tie fasting means in the form of anchor
lock 182 includes a pivot eye 183 having a pivot opening 184
for receiving the end of bolt 17~, the latter being held in
place by means of a nut 185.
Clamping members 172 and 173 each include wall means
defining tie surfaces 186 and 187 which when pivoted together
in clamping engagement as shown in Figure 22, form a tie loop
opening 188 for receiving a loop 38' of a tie. Conveniently,
jaws 190 and 191 extend from clamping members 172 and 173,
respectively, and are each provided with a tooth or pro-
trusion 192, 193 for engagement with slots in rails 22' and 23'
- which correspond to slots 49, shown in Figure 4.
Advantageously, the clamping members are held together
by means of a swing bolt 195 which is connected to a yoke
comprising spaced ears 196 and 197 on the opposite side of
clamping member 172 from ears 177 and 178. The bolt is pro-
vided with an aperture 198 adjacent one end thereof for
receiving a pivot pin 199 which extends through apertures
200 and 201 in ears 196 and 197, respectively. The pivot
pin may be swung to a closed position wherein it extends
between a pair of spaced fingers 202 and 203 on clamping
member 173 on a side opposite that of ear 180. Conveniently,
a nut 204 is threadably received on the opposite end of swing '~
bolt 195 and has a washer 205 welded thereto which bears
against fingers 202 and 203 as best seen in Figures 22 and 24
when nut 204 is tightened down on swing bolt 195 to hold the
clamping members in clamped position.
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When the clamping members are in the clamped position,
anchor lock 182 may be swung so that one or the other of its
arcuate arms 206 or 207 may be swung through loop 38' of a
form tie to hold it in place. Conveniently, the anchor locX
is normally swung to the position where gravity assists in
holding it in locked position. It will be understood that
nut 204 may be made separately from washer 205, if desired.
As in the previous embodiments, the clamping lock of Figures
23 - 24 may be provided with reinforcing ribs 208 and 209,
respectively.
Between the respective jaws and the tie surface of each
clamping member are grooves or notches 210 and 211, respectively,
fit around the additional flanges 53' on rails 22' and 23',
respectively, as seen in Figure 22.
An advantage of the locking clamp of Figures 22 - 24 is
that the clamping members are connected together as a unit,
being pivoted about pivot pin 174 which also serves as a
pivot for anchor lock 182. Furthermore, a greater mechanical
advantage is obtained in clamping since the swing bolt is on
the side from tie bolt opening i88 opposite pivot pin 174 so
that substantial pressure can be applied to the clamping
hands to lock them in position on the rails.
It should be evident that various modifications can be
made to the described embodiments without departing from the
scope of the present invention.
What is claimed is: ;
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