Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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This invention relates to air texturing of yarn
and, more particularly, to improvements in a fluid ~et
apparatus used to texture the yarn.
Fluid jet apparatus for texturing yarn usually
comprises a conically-tipped yarn guiding tube or needle
for introducing yarn into the apparatus, an inlet for
supplying pressurized fluid to a chamber sw~rounding the
forward end of the yarn guiding element and a nozzle having
a conical entrance through which yarn and fluid leave the
jet.
It has now been found that improved texturing
performance can be obtained for such ~et apparatus by
incorporating a restriction in the inlet passage for
supplying pressurized fluid to the chamber surrounding the
~orward end of the yarn needle and angling the axis of the
restriction across the axis of the yarn guiding element
to intersect the conical entrance of the nozzle at an
angle of from about 65 degrees to about 110 degrees.
The yarn texturing jet includes a body having
yarn inlet and outlet ends connected by a central bore,
means for introducing pressurlzed gas through a gas inlet
into the bore between its ends, a nozzle block having a
conlcal entrance located in the bore at the outlet end,
and a conically-tipped yarn guiding element extending
into the bore from the yarn inlet end of the body. The
nozzle bloc~, the yarn guiding element and the bore in
the body form an annular chamber in the body. The yarn
guiding element has a passage therethrough for guiding
yarn from the yarn inlet of the body past the gas inlet
through the exit end of the yarn guiding element to the
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nozzle block. The lmprovement comprises a stream forming
restriction joining the gas inlet to the chamber. The
restriction has a central axis directed across the central
axis of the yarn guiding element to intersect the conical
surface entrance of the nozzle block at an angle of from
about 65 degrees to about 110 degrees and at a location
shielded from the restriction by the yarn guiding element.
The restriction may be a cylindrical passage, or
a venturi which has a flared inlet and a gradually
expanding flared outlet connected by a constriction.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a jet incorpora-
ting the preferred embodiment of the invention with a
baffle flxed with relation to the outlet end of the ~et.
Fig. 2 i8 an enlarged sectlon of Fig. 1 taken
along the line 2-2.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section illus-
trating an alternate location for the restriction joining
the gas inlet to the bore of the jet body.
Fig. 4 is a partial section of Fig. 2 taken along
the line 4-4,
Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section illus-
trating another configuration for the restriction ~oining
the gas inlet to the bore of the body.
Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 5 illustrating still
another configuration for the restriction in the gas inlet
to the body.
Referring now to the preferred embodiment illus-
trated in Figs. 2 and 4, the jet 10 includes as components,
a body member 12 having a central bore 14, a gas inlet 13
leading in the body 12 intermediate its ends, a flange 16
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located outside the body 12 at the yarn lnlet end of the
body, a nozzle block 18 located in the bore 14 at the
outlet end of the body, and a yarn guiding element
(commonly referred to as a yarn needle in the trade) 20
fixed to the flange 16 and having a passage 22 therethrough
for guiding yarn 11 from the yarn inlet 15 of the ~et past
the gas inlet 13 through the exit end 17 of ~he yarn
guiding element to the nozzle block 18. The flange 16 is
adapted to freely receive bolt 16a. Bolt 16a threads into
body 12 and abuts agalnst a portion of flange 16 to serve
as a stop for the movement of yarn needle 20 out of bore
14, i.e., serves as a means for limitlng movement of the
flan~e 16 away ~rom the inlet end o:~ the body 12. The outer
diameter o~ the yarn needle 20 which approximates the
inside diameter of bore 1~ is reduced in the region
opposite the gas inlet 13. This reduced portion 26 of the
needle in con~unction with bore 14 forms an annular chamber
24. The forward reduced portion 26 of the yarn needle 20
tapers at an included angle of preferably about 60 degrees
to the exit end 17 and nozzle block 1~ has a converging
conical entrance 19 with an included angle of preferably
about 60 degrees and a minimum throat area A2. Entrance
19 leads to exit passage 21 which may be a constant diameter
cylindrical bore or preferably may have a short cylindrical
portion followed by a conical portion which diverges toward
the outlet end of the jet at an included angle of about
7 degrees to form a venturi. The tapering surface on the
end of element 20 and the conical entrance 19 of the
venturi form an annular restriction between them desi~nated
B.
Compressed air or other fluid is supplied to in-
let 13 ~rhich is ~oined to chamber 24 by a stream forming
restriction 50 which is in the preferred embodiment a
restricted cylindrical passage .078 inch in diameter. The
central axis 52 of the restriction is directed across the
central a~is of the yarn guiding element 20 to intersect
the conical surface 19 of the nozzle block 18 at an angle
~ of from about 65 degrees to about 110 degrees and at a
location which is shielded from the restriction 50 by the
reduced portion 26 of yarn guiding element 20. The re-
striction 50 is shown located very close to the conical
entrance 19 Or the venturl. A ma~or portion of the stream
of gas issuing ~rom restriction 50 impinges on the outer
sur~ace of reduced portlon 26 of yarn needle 20, divides
around the yarn needle and recombines on the far side with
increased turbulence and impacts against conical surface
19~ Another smaller portion of the stream of gas issuing
from restriction 50 passes directly through annulus B to
impinge directly on the yarn after it leaves the exit end
17 of the yarn guiding element. The ma~or portion of the
stream after lmpacting against sur~ace 19 is now highly
turbulent and passes through annulus B to impinge directly
on yarn 11. Other portions of the stream after impacting
against surface 19 are deflected within chamber 24 to create
turbulence which passes through annulus B at other locations
around the annulus.
A cylindrical baffle 40 is slideably mounted in
bracket 42 at the outlet end of the jet. Thumb screw 44
holds baffle 40 in position in bracket 42 and when released
the baffle can be slid from in front of the exit of the
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~et 10 to facilitate stringup, etc.
To stringup the ~et, yarn 11 is presented to the
inlet end 15 of the ~et 10. Compressed air is supplied to
lnlet 13, then to bore 14 through restriction 50. The
flange 16 is moved inwardly away from the head of bolt 16a,
i.e., from a preset operating position to a stringup posi-
tion so that an aspirating effect draws the yarn 11 through
the inlet 15 and out through passage 22. ~hen the yarn
emerges from the venturi 18, the flange 16 is allowed to
return to its preset operating position against bolt 40
under the force of air pressure against yarn needle 20 in
the reduced region of the yarn needle opposite inlet 13.
This texturing ~et with stream formlng restric-
tlon 50 ~oining gas inlet 13 to the bore 1~ ~et and angled
to direct a stream of air across the end of the yarn needle
creates turbulence in chamber 24 ahead of annulus B which
is amplified in passing through annulus B resulting in
greater turbulence to act on the yarn in the space between
the exit end of the yarn needle and the entrance of the
nozzle thus increasing the efficiency of the ~et without
sacrificing texturing quality.
An alternate location for restriction is shown
in Fig. 3 in which restriction 50a is located upstream from
the venturi so that the stream from the restriction enters
the chamber 24 along central axis 52a and is directed across
the central axis of the yarn guiding element 20 to inter-
sect the conical surface 19 at an angle u which again is
from about ~5 degrees to about 110 degrees. The operation
is about the same as described above except that with this
arrangement there is no opportunity for a portion of the
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stream issuing from restriction 53a to pass directly through
annulus B as is the case where a portion of the restriction
50 (Fig. 2) is in line with a portion of annulus B. In any
embodiment of the invention, the angle betwee!n central axis
52 or 52a of restriction 50 or 50a and the central axis of
yarn guiding element 20 may be varled, consistent with the
other limitations described above.
As shown in Fig. 5 the restriction 50' may be
embodied in an insert for greater ease and accuracy of
fabrication and it may be constructed as a converging/di-
verging venturi to give supersonic flow at its outlet. In
this case, Af will designate the outlet area and Al the
reduced area. The preferrred ratio A1 to Af is about 0.67.
In addi~lon, Al will be less than throat area A2 (Flg. 2).
In Fig. 6, the restriction 50 " is constructed
as a cylindrical orifice with a conical entrance 51.
