Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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UNIVERSAL INTERNAL TUBE ACCUMUI.ATOR ;-~
. This invention relates to suction accumula- -
tors for an automotive air conditioning system and
more particularly to an improved universal internal ~ -
tube suction accumulator which permits maximum installa- : ;
tion adaptability within the engine compartment.
The U.S. Patent No. 4,111,005 to J. D. Livesay, `~
issued September 5, 1978, discloses an accumulator in . . .~ .
an automotive air conditioning system located between
the evaporator.and the compressor serving as a protec-
tive device for the compressor. With the advent o~
down-sized cars the available space in the engine com~
partment has been reduced such that clearance for air
con itioning components and their required tubular
connections has necessitated separate plumbing arrange~
15 ments for each model. It is an object of the present ;:
invention to provide an improved liquid trapping suctlon
: , -; ,~ . -
accumulator for an automotive air conditioning system -:
providing a compact vertically installed casing incorpor~
ating unencumbered top and bottom portions permitting~
20 maximum clearance under the hood of an automotive engine- `~
compartment and above the engine compartment~components
and wherein the accumulator inlet and outlet are located
in .the~side b~the casing adjacent its top portion so as
to be in substantial axial alignment with each other on
, . .
opposite sides of the casing.for receiving the connec-
~: tions to the evaporator and compressor.
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It is another object of the present inven~
tion to provide an improved accumulator-dehydrator for ~.
an automotive air conditioning system as set forth in
the above recited object further including a U-shaped ~ :
5 tube mounted in the chamber with one end of the tube '
having a generally right-angle portion projecting into
- . the chamber outlet for hangingly supporting the tube :
such that its bight portion is positioned in the cham- ~ ~
ber sump and the other end of the U-tube in the top ,,
portion o:E the chamber above the sump, such that an
inverted cup-shaped baff 1P is supported,in spaced ~
relation with the other end of the tube in front of :',
the inlet with its rim in spaced relation with the ;~
side wall of the casing below the inlet,and the outlet -.
.end'of the,tube to provide a passageway from the inlet
through the chamber to the inside of the tube, together `
with an annular flow gap between the inlet and the
sump, and wherein the bight portion includes. a port
- adapted to ~e submerged in the sump in liquid flow
communication with the inside of the tube, whereby the
... ..
flow of liquid components into the tube are adapted to ~. ~.:,: '.- ,-
be induced,by the liquid head of the liquid components
in the sump and the suction of the compressor to join
the gaseous components thereof inside the tube for . :.'
~, .
25 supply of both liquid and gaseous components to the .~
compressor through the accumulator outlet. ~. '.
It is still another object of the present
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invention to provide an improved liquid trapping
suction accumulator as set forth in the previously
stated objects wherein the internal U-tube and baf1e
portion thereof is formed as an integral member incor-
5 porating snap-acting support coupling means projecting ~ .
into the chamber outlet connection for hangingly - : :~
supporting the member with its bight portion positioned
in the chamber sump. `~
Other advantages and features of the improved ~.
10 accumulator will be readily apparent with reference to .
the following detailed des~ription and the accompanying
drawings in which preferred embodiments of the inven-
tion are illustrated.
In the drawings~
Fig.:l is a schematic view of an automotive
air conditioning system with a partial vertical section~
al view of one form of the invention; ~ ;~
-Fig. 2 is a view of the accumulator taken .
substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig~
20 . Fig. 3 is a top elevational view of the
accumulator taken substantially on the line 3-3 o Fig. ~ :~
- FigO 4 is a partial vertlcal sectional view .
of a second embodiment of the invention,
2S Fig. 5 is a top elevational view of the
. internal U-tube and baf1e portion of the accumulator
of Fig. 4;
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~ ig. 6 is a vertical sectional view taken on
line 6-6 of Fig. 4; and
Fig. 7 is an enlarged front elevation view
- of the composite internal U-tube and baffle shown in
Fig. 5.
Turning now to the first embodiment of the
invention shown in Figs. 1-3, a vehicle air condition-
..
ing system is shown schematically in Fig. 1 and ~ :
includes a compressor 10 for pumping and pressurizing
10 refri.gerant. The compressox 10 may be of a swash plate :
reciprocating axial piston compressor type.as shown for : .~
example in U.S. Patent 3,759,058 issued Sept. 8, 1973 ~ :
and assigned to the assignee of the present application.
The compressor 10 includes a fitting 12 at one end ;
which provides an outlet adapted to be connected to a
-, .,.:- :- -
conduit 14 leading to a condenser 16. The condenser
- 16 is normally placed immediately forward of the vehicle
radiator and:its purpose is to cool and liquify the hot ...
vaporous refrigerant from the compressor 10. An outlet
20 from the condenser is connected to a conduit 18 which ;~
in turn is connected to an inlet or vent orifice tube ` ~ ~.
expander 20. The orifice tube expander is a short
length, small diameter tu~e~with associated fil~
ters àbout its end to reduce the pressure of liquid
25 refrigerant from the condenser and then to pass the :;
lower pressure liquid refrigerant through a conduit 22
to the inlet of an evaporator 24. The low pressure
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.. - . - . . . . 1'.
109Z3~
liquid refrigerant enters the bottom end of the evapor-
ator 24 and passes through vertical tubes to the top
end while it absorbs heat from the air passing between ~:
the tubes of the evaporator, thus cooling the air.
While absorbing the heat from the air, the liquid
refrigerant is vaporized and passes from the evapora~
tor through a conduit 26 to a tubular inlet fitting 28 -~
of an improved universal internal tube accumulator of .
- .the present invention generally indicated by t~e numer-
.al 30. The inlet fitting is mounted in an opening 31
in the side wall of the-accumulator casing, to be.des~
cribedj and the mounting may be effected as, for exam-
ple, by welding. The fitting 28 is open ended and lS
internally threaded to receive a suitable connector,
not shown.
As seen in Fig. l,-the accumulator assembly
30 includes a vertically disposed cylindrical casing,
indicated generally at 32, closed by an upper shell-
like imperforate wall member 34-and a lower shell-like
20 imperforate wall member 36 to define a chamber 40. In . ~.
the disclosed ~orm the upper and lower shell~like wall
members 34 and 36 are telescoplcally joined at a lap
joint 38 and secured by suitable means such as by a
weld 39. The casing upper wall member 34 includes an
25 unencumbered top portion 42 and in a similar manner the :~
- lower wall member 36 includes an unencumbered botto~
portion 44.
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lQ~Z3~0
The chamber 40 receives refrigerant from the
evaporator 24 wh'ich refrigerant may contain sufficient
amounts of liquid refrigerant along with a vaporous
phase, to~ether with lubricantO As it is undesirable
to pass refrigarant in the liquid phase to the com~
pressor 10, one purpose of the suction accumulator ;
assembly 30 is to separate liquid refrigerant from ~-
vaporous refrigerant. The chamber 40 thus defines a
hollow interior having a sump 46 into which the mixture ~ '~
lG of'vaporous and liquid refrigerant and entrained lubri~
cant pass via casing chamber inlet 48 formed by the in-
ternal bore Of the fitting 28. '~
An outlet mounting stud or fitting, generally
indicated at 50, is mounted over a circular opening
52 in the side of the casing upper wall member 34. The
openings 31 and 52 are located in opposed relation in~
the side of the casing upper member 34 adjacent its top ' ~
portion 42 so as to be in substantlal diametrical align- ' '
ment with each other on opposite'sides of the casing ~
: .
upper member. ' Thus it wi~ll be seen in Figs. 1 and 3
' that' the upper'casing opening 52 is concentr'ically
allgned on a irst dia~etrical'axis 54 in 180 opposed ' ' '
relation to the circular opening 31, aIso concentrl- '
cally aligned on the axls 54.
A U-shaped fluid conducting internal tube,
indicated generally at 60 in Figs. 1 and 2, is posi- ~ -
tioned ~entrally within the chamber 40. The U-shaped
~' ~
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1~9~3~al
tube 60 includes a generally right-angled bend portion
62, the free end of which has a reduced end portion
64, defining casing chamber outlet 65, for telescopic
reception into inner tubular passage 66 of the fitting
5 50. Reduced free end 64 is suitably affixed within '~-
the fitting passage 66 whereby the U-tube 60 is hang~
ingly supported or mounted in the chamber 40 with'its
bight portion 68 located in the chamber sump 46. The
U-shaped tube 60 has a standpipe portion 70 which
extends substantially vertically such that its other
free or distal end 72 is positioned in the top portion
of'the chamber above the sump 46. ~ ,'
In the embodiment of Figs. 1-3 the reduced
free end portion 64 is expandeù by suitable means
- 15 thereby forming a peripheral lip portion 74 which
lockingly engages an internal annular shoulder t6
formed by fitting counterbore 78. In the first embodi~
ment the lip portion 74 is suitably formed as by a
"roll expand" tool' wherein the end of the tube portlon
20 64 is outwardly flared. , '~
As seen in Fig.~2, the U-shaped tube has
upwardly extending first 84 and second 82 converging
leg portions. The first portion terminates in the
right angled bend portion 62 and the second leg por-
tion 82 terminates`in the standpipe portion'70. It
will be noted that~the portlon 70 is located on a ,
vertical axis parallel to and offset from the principal
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vertical axis of the chamber 40. Fig. 3 shows the
U-shaped tube 60, with the exception of the right angle
bend portion 62, formed in a common vertical plane
including a second diametrical axis 86 positioned at
5 right angles or normal to the first axis 54. ::
In the Figs. 1-3 embodiment the upper open ;
end 72 of the standpipe 70 supports an inverted cup-
shaped deflector or baffle member, generally indicated .
at 90, similar to an accumulator baf~le disclosed in -:~
co-pending U.S. Patent No. 4,111,005 to J. D. Livesay
and assigned to the assignee of the present applica~
tion. As disclosed in the mentioned application the . `~
baf~le member 90 is molded as a one-piece or integral ~:
thin-walled member of suitable plastic material such ;
15 as, for example, a 30% glass filled polyester. The .. -~
modified truncated conical baffle member 90 includes
an outer skirt or flared wall portion 92 and a top
portlon 94 having securing means 95 integrally molded
on the underside thereof. The outer wall 92 has an ~ ~ .
20 . annular open lower rim or edge 96 positioned below~
- . inlet 48 and concentric with the casing portion 38 to ~ .`
- provide a passageway from the inlet 48 through the
chamber 40 to the inside of the U-shaped.tube including ..
annular flow gap 98 between the inlet 48 and the sump ;~
46.
.
In this way the refrigerant from the inlet
48 impacts against the baffle wall 92. The impact or
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~3~3~131
impinging of the refrigerant mixture on the outer wall
92 causes the liquid portion thereof to separate from
the vaporous portion and pass or flow along the outer
surface of the wall 92 under the influence of gravity .
toward the sump portion 46 at the bottom o~ the housing
chamber 40. The vaporous refrigerant also passes or
flows downwardly along the baffle lower edge 96 via
annular gap.98 for upward flow through the baffle open :~
lower end 99 and thence to the open upper end 72 of the
10 vertical tube portion or standpipe via a plurality o~ .
baffle openings to be described. It will be noted that
accumulated liquid refrigerant in the housing sump
portion 46 will eventually vaporize due to low pressure
conditions which normaIly exist within the accumulator
as a result of the continual evacuation thereof by the
compressor 10.
It will be appreciated that the accumulator
performs an additional function of removing moisture
which may be mixed with refrigerant in the same manner
20 as the above-mentioned Patent No. 4,111,005. For.this
purpose a desiccant assembly 100 is supported within
the U-shaped tube bend. The desiccant assembly includes `
an envelope or bag containing a quantity of moisture-
absorbing or desiccant material which in the present
embodiment is silicate jel or molecular sieve particles.
The envelope is convenientiy made of cloth-like poly-
propylene felt material, the edges of which-are heat -
.- - - . . .. :: , .~ . . .
3~
sealed together to form the bag structure. The bag
structure is captured in the U-bend of tube partion
60 and supported on tube bight portion 68 above filter ~.-
assembly 102 to be described. . ~:~
As explained in the aforementioned Livesay
patent application, in addition to liquid refrigerant
collecting in the sump portion 46, a qùantity of oil :
will also collect in the sump. The oil is mixed with
the refrigerant in the air conditioning system to
circulate therewith for lubrication of thè compressor
10. To return the collected oil to the air condition~
ing system for delivery to the compressor a small oil
port or inlet bleed hole 104 is provided on the under ..
side of the U-shaped tube 60 at the lowest point of ~-
the bight portion 68 in communication with the chamber
sump 46. It will be understood that the port 104 is .~.
adapted to be in the submerged portion of the su~p 46~ ~:
placing the sump in liquid flow communication with the
inside of the U-shaped tube 60. The flow of liquid
~ ,; ,
20 components such as the oil into the U-shaped tube 60 ..
is adapted to be induced by the combined refrigerant
and lubricant head in the~sump together with the
suction creat~d in the U-shaped tube by the compressor. .
In this manner the oil joins the gaseous components ~: -
inside the U-shaped tube 60 for supply of both oil and
gaseous refrigerant to the compressor through the cham- ~^
ber outlet 65. ~ ::
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3~3~
Oil and a small quantity o~ liquid reriger-
ant are thus continually drawn into the U-shaped tube
60 and suction line 106 for return to the compressor
10 to supply lubrication to the compressor while
preventing substantial quantities of oil being accumu-
lated in the sump. A cylindrical screen assembly,
generally indicated at 110, is telescopically support
ed about the bight portion 68 of the U-shaped tube to
intercept particles in the oil and refrigerant and to
prevent clogging the port 104. In t.he preferred form
the screen assembly includes molded plastic ring
,
support end members 112 and 114 respectively, which -~
are heat sealed to screen-like material 116 forming
a part of the cylindrical screen assembly~ As seen
in Fig. 2, a number of frame n~embers 118 are integral-
ly molded between the ring end members to strengthen
the screen assembly.
With reference to Figs. 1 and 2, it will be
. .
seen that the baffle securing means is in the form of
2Q three vertically extending radial webs includlng a ~:
pair of smaller webs I20, 122 and a large web 124.
The webs 120 and 122 are symmetrically spaced at about a
arcuate interval on either side of a vertical
plane defined by axis 86, whil-e the web 124 is arcu~
ately spaced at 120arcuate intervals from each web
120 and 122 ~ as to be subs~antially aligned in the
vértical plane of axis 86.
- : 11 ,,
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3~
12
Each of the webs 120, 122 and 124 include
integral arcuate-sectioned ribs 130, 132 and 134
oriented with their center on the principal axis of
the vertical standpipe 70 to provide a telescopic
slidable press-~it with the upper end of the stand-
pipe, It will be noted that each rib 130, 132 and ~ ;~
134 has a stop shoulder 136 adjacent its upper end -~ :
operative to engage the standpipe ~ree upper open end :
72 By virtue o~ this structure the baffle closed top - ~
10 or upper end wall 94 is spaced a predetermined distance - ~?
above the standplpe open end 72 to define with the :.
arcuate ribs 130, 132 and 134 vapor passage means in
the ~orm of three equally spaced vapor passages 142.
The passages 142 allow vaporous refrigerant which flows
upwardly both from the casing sump 46 and around the
baffle open lower edge 96 along the baffle inner wall
.
for entrance into the U-shaped tube standpipe upper ~.
open end 72 via the vapor passages 142.
It will be noted in Fig. 1 that the baffle
20 outer wall 92 has therein an elongated upwardly extend- ~-
ing slotted portion 126 substantially aligned on the
- vertical plane of the first diametrical axis 54. The
siotted portion 126 is of a size whereby upon the U- `
shaped tube right-angle bend portion 62 being initially
~ ~ 25 received in .the slotted portion 126 the standpipe upper ;
end 72 mav be press-fitted into arcuate-sectioned ribs
~ 130, 132 and 134. Thus, upon the U-shaped tube reduced
~ ' .
12
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i .-,. - . ,. .. . ~ ~ , . . . ,. j . . . . . .
3~(~
' 13
portion 64 being telescopically secured in the inner
tubular passage 66 the baffle member 90 is positioned
in operative concentric fashion within the housing ~ '
chamber to define the annular flow gap 98. Figs. 1
5 and 3 show the upper wall member 34 provided with an ,
aperture 144 in its side wall sized to receive the
tube smaller diameter terminal portion of a refriger-
ant charge fitting 146 having a valve core and external
threads protected by a cap 148.
Turning now to Figs. 4-7, a modified e~bodi-
ment of the subject invention is disclosed wherein like
components have been assigned corresponding primed
reference numerals. The accumulator assembly 150
includes a vertically disposed cylindricaI casing,
generally indicated at 32', composed of upper 34' and
lower 36' shell-like imperforate wall members defining
a chamber 40' in a suitable manner such as described ~ -
for casing 32 in Figs. 1-3. The inlet fitting 28' of
the accumulator assembly has a cylindrical reduced - '
diameter portion mounted in opening 31' in the side
wall of upper wall member 34' such that when the fitting
- 28' is suitably connected to the system evaporator, as '
lndicated in Pig. 1, it allows vaporized,refrigerant to ;~
pass from the evaporator into the interior of the
houeing chamber 40'.
In the second form of the invention of Figs.
3-7 the U-shaped tube 60 and baffle 90 of the first
~ . ' , .
- 13
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14
embodiment are combined into an integral network or
unipartite plastic member of homogeneous construction
preferably blow molded of polypropylene plastic, com
prising U-shaped tube 160 and baffle 210 or location
within the chamber 40'. The.U-shaped tube portion 160
of the network includes a generally right-angled portion .-
162 the free end of which has a reduced end portion . ::.
164, defining chamber outlet 165, designed for teles- ~
copic reception ~nto innsr tubular passage 166 of the ~ .
fitting 170. The reduced end portion 164 is separ-ated ~.
: :.'~'i:
from the right-angled portion 162 by an annular collar . .
172 having a reduced end shoulder 173 molded as part ;~
of the U-shaped tube 160.
~s seen in Fig. 4, the entrance end of fit- - -
ting 170 has a counterbore 174 defining an internal
shoulder 177 sized to seat an O-ring seal 176~ The
- reduced end 164 is formed with an enlarged frusto~
conical shaped lip 178`on its.end to provide snap~
action reception over internal rib 180 of fitting 170
whereby the 0-ring 176 is compressed into locking and
: sealing engagement between the seating internal shoulder
. 177 and the reduced end shoulder 173. Sealing engage-
ment of the O-ring is accomplished by effecting a ...
diametrical squeeze between counterbore 174 I.D. and
25 .tube reduced end 164 O.D. In this manner the fxee end .
:: .:
.164 is suitably afflxed within the fitting 170 whereby .
the U-shaped tubular network 160 is hangingly supported
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14
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l~Z3~11
in the charnber 40' with its bight portion 182 located
in the chamber sump 46'. The U-shaped tube includes
a standpipe portion 184 which extends substantially
vertically such that its upper or other free end 185
5 is positioned in the top portion of the chamber 40'
above the sump 46`.
In the manner of the embodiment o:E Figs. 1-3,
the U-shaped tube 160 has upwardly extending first 186
and second 187 converging leg portions with the leg ~;
. 10 portion 187 terminating in the standpipe tube portion .
184. It will be noted that in the form of the inven-
tion disclosed in Figs~ 4-7 the standpipe tube portion
184 is located substantially on the principal vertical
axis 183 of the chamber 40'~ Also, as seen in Fig, 4,
15 the U-shaped tube 160 is symmetrically positioned
relative to a vertical plane common to first diametri- -
cal axis 54' such that the casing 32' inlet 48' and
outlet 165 are located in substantial axial alignment .
with each other on opposite sides of the casing 32'
20 for receiving the connection to the evaporator 24 and
cornpressor 10, respectively. It will be noted ln Fig.
6 that the standpipe 184 has a substantially elongated
rectangular section to provide an upper open end~l~S-
of suffi'cient extent to~-iRsulre free flow of the refriger~
25 ant ga-s- therethrough.
In accordance with the invention the bight
portion l82 of the U-tube 160 includes a port 188
~ . .
15 ' ` .: '
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16
adapted to be in the submerged portion of the sump
46' in liquid flow communication with the inside of
the U-shaped tube. In the embodiment of Figs. 4-7
the port 188 is provlded in a filter assembly 190
including an annular shaped downwardly depending ring
member 193 integrally molded with an annular washer
194. The washer 194 has an upstanding circular flange
196. As best seen in Fig. 7 the ring member 193 is
internally threaded at 198 for engagement with external
threads 200 formed on a hollow~hub 201 shown integrally
molded on the underside of the bight portion 182. It
will be noted in Fig. 4 that the bight portion 182
includes a pair of fin members 202,~ 204 aligned on the
medial plane of the U-tube 160 on either side of the
hub 201. With reference to Fig. 7, the circular flange
196 has formed around its inner periphery a plurality
of sawtooth shaped ratchet teeth 206 operative for
engaglng the distal ends of the fins 202, 204. Thus,
as the ring member 193 is threaded on the hub 201 the -~
ratchet teeth 206 serially engage the fins 202, 204. ~`
Upon completion of its clockwise rotation the filter ~`
assembly 190 is in locking engagement with the hub 201,
- preventing its being rotated in a counterclockwise
direc~ion. In this manner the filter assembly is
- 25 prevented from inadvertent removal after the U-tube
160 is assembled in its chamber 40'. The filter assem-
bly 190 includes radial supports 207 which are heat
16 -
1~3~',3~
sealed to screen-like material 208. 'rhe screen 208
intercepts particles in the oil and refrigerant to
prevent their clogging the port 188.
As seen in E'igs., 5 and 6, the U-shaped tube 160
has a cup-shaped deflector or baffle portion, indicated
generally at 210, molded integral with the U-shaped
tube with its upper wall portion 211 having a modified
truncated conical shape terminating in a lower semi- ~
circular skirt or flared wall por-tion 212. The baffle . :
10 upper end is closed ~y a top wall portion 214. The :~
lower flared wall portion 212 is in radial spaced . ~ ~;
relation with the internal open end 185 of the stand- ~ ~
pipe tube, and terminates at an annular open lower rim :~ .
or edge 216 positioned below chamber inlet 48' and : .
. 15 concentric with the adjacent portion of the cylindrical
casing 32' to provide a passageway from the inlet ;~:
through the chamber 40' to th0 inside of the U-shaped
tube 160 via its upper open end 195. The passageway :
includes an annular flow gap 218 between the inlet 48'
and the sump 46'.
Thus, in a like manner with the embodiment ~:.
of Figs. 1-3, refrigerant from the evaporator 24 enters :~
the chamber 40' via its inlet 48l and impacts against
the baffle wall 212. The impact or impinging o~ the .
refrigerant-oil mixture on the outer wall 212 causes
the liquid portion thereof~to separate from the vapor- :
ous portion and pass or flow along the ou-ter surface of
17
:;~0~3~
18
the wall 212 under the influence of gravity toward .
the sump portion 46' at the bottom of the housing
chamber 40'. The vaporous refrigerant also passes or
flows downwardly through the gap 218 along the baffle
lower ri~ 216 for upward flow through the baffle open
lower end 220 and thence to the open upper end 185 of
the vertical tube portion or standpipe 184. As in the
first embodiment the accumulated liquid refrigerant in -~
; -,
the housing sump portion 46' will eventually vaporlze .;:~ ,
resulting from low pressure conditions which normally
exist within the accumulator chamber as a result of the - :
continual evacuation thereof by the compressor. A
desiccant bag 100' is supported within the U-shaped .~
tube bend in a manner similax to the embodiment of ~i
Figs. 1-3. The bag 100' upper portion engages the
lower edge of web portion 222 lntegrally formed between .
the right-angled bend portion 162`and the standpipe :`~
portion 184. It will be noted that guide tabs 224 are
molded on the outer surface of the U-shaped tube legs
20 to stabillze the network within the chamber 40'. . ~
As seen~in Figs. 4 and 6, an upper web por- - : - :
- tion 226 is joined to the lower web portions 222 by the .~-
integral "pinch line" 228 formed during the preferred
blow ~olding process. A simiIar integral web or pinch .~ :
line 230 is provided between the standpipe 184 and
inner substantially planar wail portion 232 of the
baffle 210.
~ .
18
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While the embodiment of the present invention
as herein disclosed constitutes a preferred form, it
is to be understood that other forms might be adopted.
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