Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~1~3~68
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P~CICI~tG PAP~R A~D klET~IOD OF M~ G SA~
S P E C I F I C A T I O N
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The ~present lnventlon relates to packing paper and, rnore
S partlcularly ~ to low-grade paper ~or packing purpoQes ~ e .g O the
abrlcation o~ corrugat~d paper, and to a method o~ maX~ æuch
paper .
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Backaround o the Invention
~ It i~ known to maXe low-grade paper, e~peclally packing
; ~ lo paper, cardboar~ and~ or example, corrugated paper for pack~gin~
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urposes, ~using proportions o~ old or scrap paper which may be
orted p~or to use to remove impur~ties and ~orelgn bodiee., ql~e
scrad? paper ls transforme~ into a ~lurry ln a pulper in an aqueous
suspenæion, i3 mil~éd~ ia combined with paper additiYes, and ~9 then
15 ~ ~eat~3d in the usuE~I:way~ e.g. in a fourdrinior machine, to producethe paper web. ~ me paper ~lu~ry 1s 61onerally applled in thls p~o_
ce:es ~onto a oontinuous endless. ~creen or sleve upon which the sll~rry
orms a mae ~rom whl~h th~ wat~r dralns, the Dat being ~urther de-
~ater~d~by:~uctlon~and/or~squeezin5~ xe~idual water belng extracted
~ up~n~d~ing w~th oxternally supplied heat. ~he latt~r drying step
g-nerally evaporatea the:res1dual moisture.
Su~h~,:papers Gan be rolatively low co~t paper~, e~g. for
packing purposos~ ~and can be formed ir~to corrugated paper if de~lred.
ffort~ have been made to use predominantly ~crap paper to form the
1b~r ~content for 8UC}l paakaging p~pers~ b-~t this has not proYed to
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be~ ~ully ~uccess~ul bec~u~e ~he physical prop~rtie~ ~ tha p~ck~lrlg
paper pxa~uced are not ~lw~y3 ~ f~ory~, ~ha phy3ic~31 proparties
whi ::h a~e o~ para~ or~ance ~re ~h~ fl~t rul?ture ~r~th ~ncl
b~c~cllnc~ rasi~tanc~ tl~a ~ bu~kllnS3 re~istan~ ox h~ rln5T ~ucX-
lin~ r~sl~tan~ d~ n~c~ r~sp~3c~ y ~y tents d~Acr~eld ln
~man ~ndustrial 5~ rd ~153143~ G~ ndust~l.al S~ndaxd
D~ ~314~ ho t~S ~n~us~lal 5~and.~ S 1164.
Th~ m~ch~rllcal pro~rtica o~ th~ ~a~r can ~o impr~v~d
~ecr~a~lng~ pxopo~n o~ ~cr~ ~ forTn1n~ thQ ~lb~, usln~
r~latiY~ly ~xpen~va c~llul~lc n~atorial 0uc~ a~ Y~t~ c~llulos~
an~ c~yln~ out e~0~slvOE ~lz~n~ ~operat~ons .
The t~m "~zinS~ hex~ u~d i~ it~ mo~t g~n~ral sen~e to
~nd~c~t~ the appl~cati~n a~ a blnd~ ~r cc~a~ing ~o th~ p~p~ w~ to
lmprov~ t~e m~ch~ l pro3?o~ tho~f.,
Such bin~er o~ ha~ ~er~ u~ea ~t~ ncorpor~in~
m into 'c~ ma~ ~rlo~ to ~ormat~on o~ tha ~at~ or in sur-
~a~ appli~at~on~ in ~ h the ~ d ~Q ~2~a we~ ~n~ ~o~
lo~ a aiz~ or o~herwl~"
~cln~ pr~os C~ en~rally lns~lu~ two op~ ly xo~at-
20 ~ln~ n ~ h ~o papax w~b ~ pas~ a~ which p~ea~ t~
lzlns~ o into ~ pap~ ~ nd~or d~tx~ ut~ ~he si~ co~-
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l~on on ~ ~ur~ o~ thet ~ w~
Sn ano~a~X sl~cin~ ca~ion~ th~ ~rlc~io~
pa~e~r w~ th~ D~ng ~o~po-~;lc~ pr;~yed onto tho wel~ on on~
1` 25 or ~oth ~i~. :
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The sizing composition primarily used is agglutinized
corn starch which is especially prepared for use on paper. It
has been found that the application of agglutinized corn starch
to paper permits packing papers to be produced whose mechanical
properties are relatively good so that the fiber contents of
the paper can be made up primarily of scrap paper. However,
this classical use of starch sizing has the disadvantage that it
is relatively expensive, the starch being itself extracted from
the plant material and fabricated by a relatively costly energy-
consuming series of steps, especially since the starch is pro-
duced by a wet process and significant amounts of energy to form
the dry stage product generally employed in the paper field.
~t is the principal object of the present invention
to provide a paper and a method of making a paper which is free
from the disadvantages of earlier packing papers and especially
papers adapted to be converted into corrugated paper, and which
can~be more econom;cally produced than earlier packing papers
using scrap paper as a predominant fiber source. The paper
nevertheless~ has excellent physical properties without the
disadvantages of earlier papers mentioned previously.
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This object will become apparent hereinafter, in
accordance with the present invention, which is based upon the
agglutinization of raw plant material, namely, grain, tubers
and roots, which contain starch, together with the usual plant
protein and the treatment of a paper web with this material
without first recovering the'starch in a purified form, to
obtain a packing paper wh:ich'has excellent physical properties
notwithstanding the fact that its fiber content i5 predominantly
or completely of scrap paper. : '
According to the'invention, therefore, a packing
paper, especially one which'can ~e converted into corrugated
paper, has a fiber content which can consist of up to 100% fiber
derived from scrap paper, especially sorted and/or unsorted
scrap paper, the usual paper additives such as fillers, pigments,
; wetting agents and the like,' wh~'ch is provided with a surface
sizing of grain and~or tu~er and/or root agglutinized composi-
tions with'agglutinized starch'of the composition being applied
together with the residual protein after dispersion or in solu-
tion, to the surface of the paper during its production.
20~ ~ ~ The paper of the present invention thus makes use of
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an~extremely low-cost raw material for the fiber content, namely, :
scrap paper as well as an e~tremely low-cost sizing composition, .
namely,~grain, tuber or root compositions aontaining starch
: which is agglu-
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tinized ~tarch and dispers~d or dlssolved protein which together
have been found to impart high ~tr~ngth to the paper.
Thus, ~n sp~te o~ th~ fact that earlier sizin~ approaches
have relied upon the use of high-co~t classical starches, especially
potato staxch or corn ~tarch, the sizing compo~ition of the pre~ent
invention 1~ a low-co~t product obtained by the ~imple aggl~tiniza-
tlon o* ~he starch content~ of grains, tubers a~d nuts~ withou~ sep-
aration of the protein and applied directl~r without drying to a
powder .
~he ~rain ca2~ be wheat, rice, millet and/or milograin or
th~ like ,, q he tuber~ can be potatoes or the liko a~d the roots can
be manioc, taro or the like.
~ccordlng to the in~ventlon, the plant material ~ s comminut-
ed w~th the fib~ou~ and sXin portions remoYed a~ter agglutini~atio~
o~ ~ho starch com3?on~nt~ or by slfting or c~ntrifugation~ th6 fibrou~
material~ of the~e removed ~st~ces being rccombln~d with the 8iz_
ing c~mpositiGn before the appllcatlon thereo~ to the paper machine.
Accordin~ to a furth~r feature of the in~ention" the sur-
fac~ ~lzing of th~ paper web iB carri.ed out wlth agglutinized s~arch
` an~ disper~ed and/or ~oluble proteln from whea~ ltriticu~ vulgare)
to whlch small ~i~uant~tie~ o~ ammonium persulfate can be added as ~n
~ :
oxidizlng ~gen~,~ me ammonlum peraul~a~ al80 reduces the Vis~CoBity
: o~ the ~izin~ compo~itlon whil~ the whea protein tends to form a
r~tlculated or skeletal structure which increases the ~inding force.
:25 ~ The agglutinated starch composlt~on formed from the wheat
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18 applied to the paper wob and causQd to penetrate lby ~iziny press)
he latter ~o that the flnlshed papor ha~ the follow~ng properties:
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sur~ace weight tweight par unit ~rea): 128 g/m2
.. ~$~ing applicatlons 8 g/~2
burst pres~ure~ ar
~ C~T (flat buckllng ~trength accordlng to
DI~ 53143)J 2~0
Denl~on tear ~tr~ngth~ 1
Ed~e buckl~n~ resi~tanc~ according ~o DI~
53149.5 23 kp~cm2.
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. In anoth~r embodi~ent of t~e lnvent~on~ the aggluti~izati~on
whlch ii3 a sitarch wheat compo~it~on i~ sprayed on the paper web and
the paper then has thQ ~ollowing prop~rtieAs
~ur~ce weight: 132 gf~2
~ ~izing appl~a~ion: 8 gfm~
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bursi~ presY~ro 3.6 ~ar
C~ la~ buckllng ~tren~th according to
53143)s 190
Den~son teax ~trength~ 16
d~e bucXling r~ tanc~ according to DIN
5314gs 22 Xpfcm~.
`~ 20~ In both oi~.eb~ Yamp~ t~e ~ker content of the paper
t~ ulp wa5 constitut~d ~xclu~lvely ~rom unsort~ s~rap paper and the
lng~ WaL a ~ixtura:o~ water and ~round wheat aft~ a~glutlnlzatlon
o~`~h~ starch in the:wh~at :and 8ub8equ~nt removal of the hull pieces
; by ~l~ting, the:~lxt~re bei~g rolled lnto or sprayad upon the paper
~25 web a~ described.
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Accor~ting tG anoth~r a~p~3ct o~ the in~v~r~tioll ~ paper
whlch C~n b~ used ~o p~odu~e corr~ atad pap~r ia mas~3 by c~ean1T~
unsorted And,~or ~oxted scxap paper to which c~llulos~ m~ be added
(althouç~h th~ c~s~ary) ~ th~ f~brou# ma~ter b~3in~ co~in~3~
$ w~th wat~r ~n a pulp~r nnd t~an~oxm~d ~nto a~ a~u~ou~ susp~nsion
whic~ d an~l c~ co~ ln~d with eluxiliary ~ t~ce~ u~din
th~ pap~x lr~du~try a~ d abovo. 5~ re~ul~lny ~ash i~ ~orm~
¢ont~nuou~ly lnt~ ~ paper ~ an~ 1~ d~w~t~red9 p~ d ~ur~e
slz~ accordanc~ w~th ~h~ lnYont$on~ aS,a then a~ter~xi~d to form
lo a pa~cagl~lg p~r~ ~ccor~in~ ~o t~h~ ~w~ntlon~ th~ rap p~er or
ol~ papar c~s~pon~n~ ca~t~ m7i~:~3 up to 98% ~nd ~ r r~c~er~d ~ro~ the
#4 ~lng ad~t~v~ 2% by w~l~h~ or r~ e o~ the~ flb~r cc~n~Dnt o~ dry
p2~P~ th~ ~zi~ con~i~ting o~ whea~ and/o~ drlod tul~r a~d/Qr ro~t
ln ~lCh th~ ~ta~c~h conter~t has ~on part~ally o~ co~3ple~ely ~g~lu-
tlna~ d r8*ai~L~ ~he ~rig~n~l di~p@rsod or solubla p~O~ rom
~: tb~ pl~s~ -~a~0~1~1. I!h~ applicat~on o~ the ~izln~ can ~e with o~
hou't ~ n~ lnto or on~o the3 pApor w~b ~nd~or ~y ~praylnS~.
c~lln~ l:o an ~xta~t f ~atura of th~ lnv~ntlon ~ com~er -
whoa~ ~ al~aned~ a~l~o~!l wlth wat~r and iH Wt~t: mill*d to p~o-
uc~ ~ mixtux~ whlch ~ ~ub~ctod at ~ ~uba~mosp}~ lc pr~ura to
~a, ~ a thermill-~echanical txoatm~nt ~o produc~ a ~nlxturo of
.Ubl~ aqslutlnat~d B~:~Cb wlt~ ~E~t~ y 801u~1e~ par~ally d~6-
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r~ wh~at pro1:~in ~ro~ w~ch ~lb~ he hul~ o~ th~ wheat
grai~ ~ re~o~d, e,,q~ parateel out by siiEtlng o~ Cen~ri~ugat~on.
25 ~ lxture 1~ ~t~ pll~t~ tO th~ sc:r~p p~ r ~teb in the a;s~ount and
m~n~er p~oviouJly ~e~c~ib~fl. The ~lbrou~ whl~ i~ ~o~a~a~d
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~rom the ~izing mixture 1s fed to the ~iber hull which consists
primarily of g~olmd scrap paper fra~ments in suspension.
~ ~dvantageousl~7, ~rior to, during or after tl~e wet milling,0,5~ by weig}lt to 2~ by weight (pre~erably about 1,0~ by weight) am-
S monium per~ulfate or ~no~her oxidizing agent i~ added to the ~izlng
composltion to reduc~ it~ viscosity.
For example~ 100 kg of commexcial wheat a~ter cleaning to
remov~ sand~ du~t and ~traw, i~ combined with a twenty-~old guz~tity
of water in a ve55el pro~ided with an agitator and the re6ultin~ mix-
ture i~ ed to a wheat-grinding mill. Prior to the wet milling, in
order to reduce the viscosity ~which tends to ri3e upon subsequsnt
agglutinization) 0.85 kg o~ ammonium persulfate i8 added. After the
wet ~illing th~ mixture ia ~ubjected tD thermo-mechanical treatment
by humplng 1~ at unlform speed ~nto a chamber at 1.6 bar gauge in
whlch t~e mixture iB treated with ~team, The re~ulting mlxture of
oluble agglutinated starch with wheat proteln, the ~tt~r partially
soluble and partiall~ disp~r~ed~ is then ~ed to an oscillating sieve
for ~emoval o~ tht3 fiber~ out 14. 3 kS~ o~ fiber lo re~40ved in
hie mannex an~ i~ fed to the papex pulp. A~t~r applicatlon o~ the
~'` 20 ~l~zing mlxt~re th~ papor web is ~uhjeGted to pres~ure in a slzing
pres~ in which lt i8 pa~ed ovar a plurality of steam heat drying
~llnders .
In wcordance wi~h another embodiment o~ the invention,
comminuted taro root iB cleaned and w~t ~illed with water with the
2~: resulting mlxture belng thexmally treated at ~u~atmospheric pressure
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~ith 3team tc~ produce ~ mixture containing soluble agglutlnated
staxch and a disF,erslQn ~ solu~le component3 whic~h 18 removed, e.g.
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~y sitin~ of ce~trlfu~ation. The resul~i~g i~e~ co~ponents are
BUpplie~d to th~ scxap pap~r co~?onent in the pulp~3r. T~se ags~lu~-
nat;3d ~t~rch to~ th~r with t;~ t~ro ro~t pro~ein i6 ~plied to ~h~
paper web~, A mixtur~ equival~nt to that describ~d im~n0dlately a~ove
S can thu~ be produced ~ 80 kg oi~ dried ~ommlnuted taro root. ~rom
this cluantity ~bout 4X (corresponding to 3 .2 ~ ) o~ f~b~ous compo-
nen~ is r~covered ~7y ~ifting and is Ruppll~d to the scrap paper ln
'c~se pulper ~o improve t~ pap~x ma~h. Th~3 re~ulting paper containx
8Z S~ o~ ~uch root componen~cs for ~a~h X~ of pape~.
The ~y~ten~ cf th~ present inventi~n ha~ t:hQ advantage t~at
it prov~ds~ a paper for pacX~ purposes~ espec~ally for th~ produc-
tion o~ corrugated pa~?~r~ i~ a ~impli~lRd p~5ce~3~ u~lng prlma~ily
old or ~crap ~aper but with a ~lzing which 1~ relatlvely inexpe~lva
nev~rthe~less pro~cinçl pa~?er whosQ prop~ 8 are exc~llent.
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he above and oth~r obJa~s~ ~atur~ and adva~t~
,
tho pr~s~n~ lnu~ion will b~com~ mare r~adily ~par~n~ ~;com the ~Ql-
~s~ lowlng ~ t1on~ x~eronC~ belng ~ldo to tho accompanylns~ ~!lrawln~
n ~
FIG. 1 1~ a ~iagramm~iC c~osa-soctlonal vicw illu~tratlng
a pa~:~r ma~ ~n ac~ordance wi~h the pr~e~t invent~oI~ and
FIa. 2 i3 a block dlagra~ illu~trat~n~ the proco88 o~ ~Q
~esent lh~re~tlon .
~5 As will ~e apparent ~rom ~IG. 1~ a paper she~t suita~le
for convors~on lnto corru~a~ed paper~ basic~lly colapxi~es a scr~p
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p~p~r ~ubs~rat~ 25 which cvnta~T-a s~r~p pap~r, r~idual ~ixture and
paper addlSi~es a~ d~cr~b~, to which ~ ~uxfaco la~e~ 3 o~ ~lz~n~
1~ applle~. lhe sizing 3 can partia~ ly pene'Grate t~e subs~ra~e 1
a~ ~h~-~n, Th~ scra~ p~p~r col;~onent ¢asl COt~9~'C o~ u~ t~ 90~ by
~ ht o~ ~ha rnas~ c~ ~1Q~n~n~ ~ whlla th~ remalnaer ~ or 2~or~ by
~lght~, c~n h~ fi~er~ r~overed ~ro~ the raw mat~ria~ ~ro~n which th~
elz~ng i~ mad~ amd whlch i~ ~e~ in ~h0 pulpor to ~he pa~r ma ~
~g~ut~na,~ed ~arch in tha ~lzln~ pra~ent tos~ether wil:h dl~E~r~d
lu~l~ prot~ln or~inally d~ivod $ro~ th~ plant m~terla~, na~
l~ rain, ~ t~er~ and~or root~ ~ slzlng 1~ ap3~ d by
~prayinS~ ~ rolllng.
In ~IG, 2 th~xo ~ sh~wn a h~pper 10 containinçt wh~at, a
ho~spsr ~2 c~ g d~ taro root an~ a hopper 13 con~ainlnS~ dry
potato~3, ~a~:h hopp~:r ha~n~ a ~n~.torlng outle'c 1.4~ lS or 16 ~eed~
,:
;15 1~ th~ ~pectl~ raw pl~ materla~ ~o a wet mlll 17 to whlch
:: w~r ~3 a~lcd ~ r~p3:e~ent~ rhe w~t ra~lled pro~olll 18 au~_
ected ~t 1~ to 8~ 1~ asdJor c~ntrl~ugal separ~tion at ~ wlth ~
ibrou~ com~onen~t~ ~ln~ recov~red anO. fod~ tc~ ~ ~lper 21 ~uppli~d
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~; wi:th waSer at ~2~ ~cxap ~a~per ~t 23 a~a th~ al paper a~ditl~ at
20~ 2i~ er fead~aclc l~no i8 raprosen~0~1 at 25. me ~ r pulp
8 ~chèn~ aE~pllea to a ~on~inuoug ~cre~n a~ rep3~5ent~:d at 26 to fors3 a
w~ w~ ub~ec~R~ to ~lewal:~ring at 27, ~i~inS~ a'c 28 with a
ecov~re~ ~rosa ~ ¢paxation 9t~ 19 a~ 20 followlng aç~
tlna~on und~r ~t~a~ a~ su~atloosph~x~c: pre~uro a;t 2~ resul~
~5: : ~n~ psc~ t ~ b~ ~t r~rl~a a~ 30~ ~atur~lly~ a pa~r makln~ ata~
~: ~ ha~ bo~n ~llu~trat~o~ diagralamati~ally~ any cc~n~en~clonal paper ~ak-
ln~ ma~h~ne~ Rlng us~d ~or ~hl~ purpos~. The ~p~cif~c examples o~
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papers ma~o by ~he process hav~ ~een pres~l~t~d ~arl~er~
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It ha~ he~n found t~ be advanta~eous to carry out the
a~1utination in an aqueous pl~ase of tht~ si~in~ composition before
its app1i~at1On to the paper web at a temporature ~bo~e ab~ut 50~C,
prefer~u~1y around 1~,~C and to ~ub~t th~ s~Arch ~o a partial d~-
S compo~1tion.
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