Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
97~7
LOW PHOSPHATE LAUNDRY DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
Technical Field
This invention relates to laundry detergent compositions
which exhibit surprisingly effective removal of particulate
soils, as well as fabric softening, static control, color
fidelity (i.e., the inhibition of the bleeding of fabric
colors into the laundry solution), and dye transfer inhibition
(i.e., the inhibition of the redeposition of dyes in the
laundry solution onto fabrics) capabilities, even in the total
absence of detergency builder materials. Specifically com-
pletely unbuilt compositions of the present invention have
demonstrated the ability to remove particulate soils from
fabrics as well, and under some conditions better, than fully-
built conventional laundry detergents. Other detergent compo-
sitions which utilize mixtures of selected nonionic surfactantsand cationic surfactants are defined in Canadian Patent Appli-
cation Serial No. 306,474, Murphy, filed June 29, 1978, and
Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 306,456, Cockrell,
filed June 29, 1978.
Background Art
Nonionic surfactants are generally utilized in laundry
detergent compositions for their ability to remove greasy and
oily, rather than particulate, soils from fabrics. Some types
of cationic surfactants have been included in detergent compo-
sitions, primarily because they provide adjunct fabric care
benefits, and not because they provide any cleaning advantage.
Thus, certain cationic surfactants have been included in
detergent compositions for the purpose of yielding a germicidal
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or sanitization benefit to washed surfaces; e.g., U.S. Patent
No. 2,742,434, Kopp, issued April 17, 1956; U.S. Patent No.
3,539,520, Cantor et al, issued November 10, 1970; and U.S.
Patent No. 3,965,026, Lancz, issued June 22, 1976. Other
cationic materials, particularly those of the di-long chain
type, have been included in detergent conpositions for the
purpose of providing a fabric softening benefit (see U.S.
Patent No. 3,607,763, Salmen et al, issued September 21, 1971,
and U.S. Patent No. 3,644,203, Laberti et al, issued February
22, 1972), or a static control benefit (see U.S. Patent No.
3,951,879, Wixon, issued April 20, 1976, and U.S. Patent No.
3,959,157, Inamorato, issued May 25, 1976).
The relative insolubility of the di-long chain quaternary
ammonium materials has led formulators of detergent composi-
tions away from their inclusion for the purpose of yieldinga cleaning or whiteness maintenance benefit; this is particu-
larly true in compositions, such as those described herein,
where the relatively low nonionic:cationic ratios required
preclude the use of large amounts of the nonionic surfactant
to solubilize the cationic material. In fact, it is well known
in the detergency art that the use of such di-long chain
cationic materials actually causes fabrics laundered with them
to become yellow and dingy. See U.S. Patent No. 3,644,203,
Lamberti et al, issued February 22, 1972; U.S. Patent No.
3,360,470, Wixon, issued December 26, 1967; U.S. Patent No.
3,676,341, Gerecht and Wixon, issued July 11, 1972; and U.S.
Patent No. 3,904,359, Ramachandran, issued September 9, 1975,
which teach ways of avoiding this yellowing problem caused by
the di-long chain cationics. The teachings of patents such as
these makes the whiteness maintenance properties of the
present invention, which result from inhibiting the transfer
of dyes in the wash solution, particularly surprising.
The compositions of the present invention have outstanding
cleaning capabilities in terms of the removal of particulate
soils. In laundry tests, these compositions, not containing
any builder components, have been shown to remove particulate
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soils (such as clay) as well, and in some cases dramatically
better, than fully-built conventional laundry detergent compo-
sitions. The compositions are relatively insensitive to
water hardness conditions, performing well in both hard and
soft water conditions. Finally, in addition to this cleaning
performance, the present invention provides, in a single
detergent product, fabric softening, static control, fabric
color fidelity, and dye transfer inhibition benefits to the
laundered fabrics. This well-rounded cleaning and fabric care
performance is the result of a heretofore unrecognized cleaning
potential of the selected di-long chain cationic surfactants
defined herein, when they are used in the presence of certain
alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants, within a narrow range
of nonionic:cationic surfactant ratios.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide
law- or no-phosphate laundry detergent compositions which
demonstrate outstanding particulate soil removal capabilities.
It is another object of this invention to provide laundry
detergent compositions, yielding excellent particulate soil
removal, which may conveniently be produced in a variety of
physical forms, such as liquid, solid, paste, granular,
powder, or in conjunction with a carrier, such as a substrate.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a
single composition which provides outstanding cleaning perform-
ance together with fabric softening, static control, colorfidelity, and dye transfer inhibition benefits.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a
process for laundering fabrics which yields exceptional
particulate soil removal, over a range of water hardness
conditions, using cationic and nonionic surfactant-containing
detergent compositions.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention relates to low- or no-phosphate
laundry detergent compositions, especially beneficial for the
removal of particulate soils from fabrics, having a pH in the
laundry solution of greater than about 7, containing no more
than about 15~ phosphate and no more than about 10% silicate
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materials, and being substantially free of ethoxylated
cationic surfactants containing more than an average of about
10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of surfactant, which
comprise from about 5% to about 100%, by weight, of a sur-
factant mixture consisting essentially of:
(a) a nonionic surfactant having the formula
R(OC2H4) OH, wherein R is a primary alkyl chain
containing an average of from about 10 to about 18
carbon atoms and n is an average of from about 2
to about 9, and having an HLB of from 5 to about 14,
or a mixture of such surfactants: and
(b) a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant having
2 chains which contain an average of from about 16
to about 22 carbon atoms, or a mixture of such
surfactants;
the ratio of said nonionic surfactant to said cationic sur-
factant being in the range of from about 2:1 to about 9:1.
Disclosure of the Invehtion
The compositions of the present invention comprise, by
weight, from about 5 to about 100%, preferably from about 15
to about 90%, and most preferably from about 20 to about 80%,
of a mixture of particularly defined nonionic and cationic
surfactants in the ratios stated herein. Preferred composi-
tions contain at least about 15% of the nonionic/cationic
surfactant mixture and at least about.l% of the cationic
component, itself, in order to assure the presence of a suffi-
cient amount of both the cationic surfactant and the nonionic/
cationic mixture to provide the desired cleaning and fabric
conditioning benefits.
The compositions of the present invention contain the
nonionic and cationic surfactants, defined hereinafter, within
ratios of nonionic to cationic surfactant of from about 2:1
to about 9:1, preferably from about 3:1 to about 6.5:1, more
preferably from about 3.5:1 to about 5.5:1 and most preferably
from about 4:1 to about 5:1, in order to achieve the best
particulate soil removal performance. In addition, by using
ratios in the range of from about 3.5:1 to about 5.5:1, the
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static control performance of the compositions is not only
excellent under typical laundering conditions, but is parti-
cularly impressive under stress conditions, such as relative
humidity less than about 35%, which generally are very
difficult conditions under which to obtain any static control
benefits. Preferred compositions may also contain mixed
nonionic surfactant systems.
It is preferred that the compositions of the present
invention are formulated so as to have a pH of at least about
7 in the laundry solution, at conventional usage concentra-
tions, in order to optimize their overall cleaning performance,
to aid in their manufacturing and processing, and to minimize
the possibility of washing machine corrosion. Lower product
pH's (e.g., as low as 6) are acceptable, but preferably the
composition is not buffered below 7. It is also preferred
that the composition pH be at least about 7.1, especially when
a halide, e.g., chloride, cationic is used to avoid corrosion
of the equipment used in making the composition. Also, a pH
range of from 7.2 to about 8.0, which is strongly buffered,
is desirable, if the cationic material has a substantial level
of unquaternized amine, for odor reasons. Alkalinity sources,
such as potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium
bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium
bicarbonate, may be included in the compositions for this
purpose. Some of the cationic/nonionic systems of the present
invention may attain optimum removal of greasy/oily soils at
higher pH's, while attaining optimum particulate soil removal
-at relatively lower pH's. In these systems, overall perform-
ance may be enhanced by varying the pH of the wash solution
during the laundering process. Particularly preferred compo-
sitions have a pH of at least about 8 in the laundry solution,
in order to optimize the removal of greasy/oily and body soils.
In addition to the higher pH in the laundry solution, these
preferred compositions should also have the ability to maintain
a pH in the laundry solution of from about 8 to 11 throughout
the washing operation (reserve alkalinity). Such a reserve
alkalinity may be obtained by incorporating compounds which
7-~i7
buffer at pH's of from about 8 to 11, such a monoethanolamine,
diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
Preferred compositions of the present invention are also
essentially free of oily hydrocarbon materials and solvents,
such as mineral oil, paraffin oil and kerosene, since these
materials, which are themselves oily by nature, load the
washing liquor with excessive oily material, thereby diminish-
ing the cleaning effectiveness of the compositiGns.
Nonionic Component
The nonionic surfactants used in the compositions of the
present invention are biodegradable and have the formula
R(OC2H4)nOH, wherein R is a primary alkyl chain containing an
average of from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about
10 to about 16, carbon atoms, and n is an average of from
about 2 to about 9, preferably from about 2 to about 7. These
nonionic surfactants have an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic
balance) of from about 5 to about 14, preferably from about
6 to about 13. HLB, an indicator of a surfactant's hydrophilic
or lipophilic nature, is defined in detail in Nonionic Sur-
factants, by M.J. Schick, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1966, pages607-613.
Preferred nonionic surfactants for use in the present
invention include the condensation product of coconut alcohol
with 5 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product of
coconut alcohol with 6 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensa-
tion product of C12_15 alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide;
the condensation product of C12 15 alcohol with 9 moles of
ethylene oxide; the condensation product of C14 15 alcohol
with 2.25 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product
of C14 15 alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide; the con-
densation product of Cg 11 alcohol with 8 moles of ethylene
oxide, which is stripped so as to remove unethoxylated and
lower ethoxylate fractions; the condensation product of C12 13
alcohol with 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide, and this same alcohol
ethoxylate which is stripped so as to remove unethoxylated and
lower ethoxylate fractions. A preferred class of such sur-
factants utilize alcohols which contain about 20~ 2-methyl
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branched isomers, and are commercially available, under the
trademark "Neodol", from Shell Chemical Company. The condensa-
tion product of tallow alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide
is also a preferred nonionic surfactant for use herein. Par-
5 ticularly preferred nonionic surfactants for use in thecompositions of the present invention include the condensation
product of coconut alcohol with 5 moles of ethylene oxide, the
condensation product of C12 13 alcohol with 6.5 moles of
ethylene oxide, the condensation product of C12 15 alcohol with
10 7 moles of ethylene oxide, the condensation product of C14 15
alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide, and mixtures of those
surfactants.
The compositions of the present invention may contain
mixtures of nonionic surfactants falling within the above
15 nonionic surfactant definition, such as: a mixture of the
condensation product of C12 13 alcohol with 6.5 moles of
ethylene oxide ("Neodol 23-6.5".) with the condensation pro-
duct of C14 15 alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide ("Neodol
45-7"), in a ratio of from about 4:1 to 1:4, a mixture of the
20 condensation product of C12 15 alcohol with 7 moles of
ethylene oxide with "Neodol 45-7", in a ratio of from about
4:1 to about 1:4, preferably about 1:1; or a m-xture of the
condensation product of Cg ll alcohol with 8 moles of
ethylene oxide, stripped to remove lower ethoxylate and non-
25 ethoxylated fractions, with "Neodol 45-7", in a ratio of
higher ethoxylate to lower ethoxylate of from about 1:6 to
about l:l, preferably about 1:3. The present invention may
also contain mixtures of nonionic surfactants, some of which
do not fall within the above nonionic surfactant definition
30 (such as alcohol ethoxylates ha~ ing an average of greater than
about 9 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, secondary alcohol
ethoxylates, or alkyl phenol ethoxylates), as long as at least
one of the nonionic surfactants contained in the mixture falls
within the above definition of required nonionic surfactants,
35 and that required nonionic surfactant (mixture) is contained
in an amount such that it falls within the required nonionic/
cationic ratio. Where the nonionic surfactant mixture contains
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a nonionic surfactant (or surfactants) which falls outside of
the above nonionic definition, it is preferred that the ratio
of the surfactant (or surfactants) within the definition to
that which is outside the definition be within the range of
from about 1:1 to about 10:1. A specific example of such a
surfactant mixture is a mixture of the condensation product of
C12 13 alcohol with 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide (e.g. "Neodol
23-6.5") and the condensation product of a secondary C15
alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide (e.g., "Tergitol 15-S-
9"), in a ratio of lower ethoxylate to higher ethoxylate non-
ionic of from about 1:1 to about 6:1; or a mixture of
"Neodol 23-6.5" and the condensation product of nonyl phenol
with 7 moles of ethylene oxide, having a ratio of "Neodol" to
nonyl phenol ethoxylate of about 4:1.
Preferred nonionic surfactant mixtures contain alkyl
glyceryl ethers in addition to the required nonionic surfactant.
Particularly preferred are glyceryl ethers having the formulae
2 f 2 and R-O(CH2CH2O)ncH2lcHcH2OH
OH OH
wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group of from about 8 to about
18, preferably about 8 to 12, carbon atoms or an alkaryl
group having from about 5 to 14 carbon in the alkyl chain, and
n is from 1 to about 6, together with the nonionic surfactant
component of the present invention, in a ratio of nonionic sur-
factant to glyceryl ether of from about 1:1 to about 4:1,
particularly about 7:3. Glyceryl ethers of the type useful
in the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,206,070, Jones, issued June 3, 1980 and U.S. Patent 4,098,713,
Jones, issued July 4, 1978.
Other nonionic surfactants well known in the detergency
arts may be used, in com~ination with one or more of the
required nonionic surfactants, to form useful nonionic sur-
factant mixtures. Examples of such surfactants are listed in
U.S. Patent No. 3,717,630, Booth, issued February 20, 1973,
and U.S. Patent No. 3,332,880, Kessler et al, issued July 25,
1967. Nonlimiting examples of suitable nonionic surfactants
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g
which may be used in conjunction with the required nonionic
surfactants, defined above, are: polyethylene oxide conden~
sates of alkyl phenols, such as the "Igepal" surfactants,
marketed by the GAF Corporation, and the "Triton" surfactants,
marketed by the Rohm and Haas Company; condensation products
of aliphatic alcohols with from about 10 to about 25 moles of
ethylene oxide, where those alcohols are of a primary,
branched or secondary alkyl chain structure; condensation
products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by
the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol,
***
such as the "Pluronic" surfactants, marketed by Wyandotte
Chemical Corporation; and condensation products of ethylene
oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene
oxide and ethylene diamine, such as the "Tetronic" sur-
factants, marketed by Wyandotte Chemical Corporation.
A preferred group of nonionic surfactants useful herein
comprises a mixture of "surfactant" and "cosurfactant", con-
taining at least one nonionic surfactant falling within the
definition of the nonionic surfactants useful herein, as
20 described in Canadian Patent No. 1,059,865, Collins, issued
August 7, 1979.
Another preferred mixture of nonionic surfactants com-
P 12-13E6.5 and C14_1sEO7 in a ratio of 4 1 to 1 4
This mixture provides a desirable suds pattern during the wash
and during rinsing as compared to either surfactant by itself.
Preferred compositions of the present invention are sub-
stantially free (less than about 2%, preferably less than
about 1%, more preferably none) of fatty acid polyglycol
ether di-ester compounds, such as polyethylene glycol-600-
dioleate or polyethylene glycol-800-distearate. Such addi-
tives offer no advantage, and possibly even result in a
disadvantage, in terms of achieving the particulate soil
removal and fabric conditioning benefits provided by the
present invention.
*Trademark
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Cationic Component
The cationic surfactants used in the compositions of the
present invention are of the di-long chain guaternary
ammonium type, having two chains which contain an average of
from about 16 to about 22, preferably from about 16 to about
18, carbon atoms. The remaining groups, if any, attached to
the quaternary nitrogen atom, are preferably Cl to C4 alkyl
or hydroxyalkyl groups. Although it is preferred that the
long chains be alkyl groups, these chains may contain hetero-
atoms or other linkages, such as hydroxy groups, double or
triple carbon-carbon bonds, and ester, amide, or ether
linkages, as long as each chain falls within the carbon atom
ranges required given above. Preferred cationic surfactants
are those having the formulae
R N-CH
R4_N+_R2 X or R -C ¦ X
Il \t
R ~-CH2
wherein the Rl and R2 groups contain an average of from about
16 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably as alkyl groups, and
most preferably contain an average of from about 16 to about
18 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 are Cl to C4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
groups, and X is any compatible anion, particularly one
selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxide,
methylsulfate, or acetate anions.
Mixtures of the above surfactants are also useful in the
present invention. These cationic surfactants may also be
mixed with other types of cationic surfactants, such as
sulfonium, phosphonium, and mono- or tri-long chain quaternary
ammonium materials, as long as the amount of required cationic
surfactant contained in the composition, falls with the
nonionic:cationic ratio requirements specified herein.
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Examples of cationic surfactants which may be used to-
gether with those required herein, include those described in
Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 306,474, Murphy;
Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 306,456, Cockrell;
Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 306,517, Letton; and
Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 306,513, Letton, all
of which were filed on June 9, 1978.
Preferred cationic surfactants include ditallowalkyldi-
methyl (or diethyl or dihydroxyethyl) ammonium chloride,
ditallowalkyldimethylammonium methyl sulfate, dihexadecylalkyl
(C16; also known as distearyl) dimethyl (or diethyl, or
dihydroxyethyl) ammonium chloride, dioctadecylalkyl (C18)-
dimethylammonium chloride, dieicosylalkyl-(C20) dimethyl-
ammonium chloride, methyl (1) tallowalkyl amido ethyl (2)
tallowalkyl imidazolinium methyl sulfate (commercially avail-
able as "Varisoft 475" from Ashland Chemical Company), or
mixtures of those surfactants. Particularly preferred cationic
surfactants are ditallowalkyldimethylammonium chloride,
ditallowalkyldimethylammonium methyl sulfate, methyl (1)
tallowalkyl amido ethyl (2) tallowalkyl imidazolinium methyl
sulfate, and mixtures of those surfactants, with ditallow-
alkyldimethylammonium chloride being especially preferred.
Another particularly useful class of cationic surfactant
is that in which the two long chains of the cationic surfactant
contain a significant amount of unsaturation, such as where
at least about 20%, preferably at least about 30~, of the
long chains contain at least one double bond. By increasing
the percentage of chains containing the double bonds, the per-
formance benefits of these cationic materials are increased.
Compounds of this type have the formula
R3
R4 - 1+ - R2 X
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wherein Rl and R2 contain an average of from about 15 to about
22 (most preferably from about 16 to about 18) carbon atoms,
and at least about 20% of these chains contain at least one
double bond; R3 and R4 are Cl to C4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
groups, and X is any compatible anion, particularly one
selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxide,
methylsulfate or acetate anions. Thus, for example, a pre-
ferred cationic surfactant is di-partially hydrogenated tallow
dimethylammonium halide (especially chloride or methyl sulfate),
which is also known as di-softened tallowalkyl dimethylammonium
halide. A commercially available compound of this type is
"Adogen 470" , sold by Ashland Chemical Company, wherein about
30% of the tallow chains are oleyl in character. Another
method of forming similar cationic materials is to synthesize
a di-oleyl quaternary ammonium compound and hydrogenate it to
the level of unsaturation desired. Compositions made with
these cationics show several significant advantages over those
made with more conventional cationics (such as ditallowalkyl-
dimethylammonium chloride, only about 2% of the long chains
of which contain double bonds); particularly these compositions
show improved particularly soil removal, especially at low
wash temperatures, improved static control and remain in a
stable single phase at temperatures down to about 40F.
The cationics of this invention are preferably low in
unquaternized amine content. If they contain more than about
1~ unquaternized amine or amine salt the pH of the formula
is desirably kept below about 8 to avoid the amine odor.
Also, for odor reasons, it is preferable to use a solvent for
the amine quaternization reaction which does not have an
objectionable odor, e.g., a liquid nonionic detergent material,
ethyl alcohol, etc.
The compositions of the present invention must be formu-
lated so as to be substantially free of ethoxylated cationic
surfactants which contain more than an average of about 10,
and preferably free of those which contain more than an average
of about 7, moles of ethylene oxide per mole of surfactant.
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These compounds tend to be relatively non-biodegradable, do
not enhance the cleaning or fabric conditioning benefits pro-
vided by the compositions and may, in some circumstances,
decrease the overall laundering performance provided by them.
5 It is to be noted that polyethoxylated cationic surfactants
having relatively low levels of ethoxylation, i.e., those with
less than 10, and particularly less than 7, ethylene oxide
groups exhibit better biodegradability characteristics and
may be advantageously included in the compositions of the
present invention.
In particularlv preferred embodiments of the present
invention, the detergent compositions additionally contain
from about 2 to about 25~, preferably from about 2 to about
16%, and most preferably from about 2 to about 10~ of a fatty
amide surfactant, such as ammonia amides (e.g., coconutalkyl
ammonia amide, diethanol amides, and ethoxylated amides).
These amides are water-soluble or at least water dispersible.
In relation to the nonionic/cationic surfactant system, the
ratio of the cationic/nonionic mixture to the amide component
in the composition is in the range of from about 5:1 to about
50:1, preferably from about 8:1 to about 25:1. The addition
of the amide component results in a composition which
exhibits improved antiredeposition of both clay and greasy/oily
soils. This development is described in greater detail in
25 Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 306,559, Cambre, filed
June 29, 1978. Preferred amides are C8-C20 monoethanol
amides, C8-C20 diethanol amides, and amides having the
formula
O H
11 1
R-C-N-CH2CH20CH2CH20H,
wherein R is a C8-C20 alkyl group, and mixtures thereof.
Particularly preferred amides are those where the alkyl group
contains from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, such as
coconut alkyl monoethanol or diethanol amide. Such compounds
are commercially available under the trademarks "Superamide GR"
.
. ~ , .
"
,
,
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from Onyx Chemical Co., Jersey City, N.J., "Superamide F-3"
from Ryco, Inc., Conshohocken, Pa., and "Gafamide CDD-518"
available from GAF Corp., New York, N.Y.
These amide components may also be added in small amounts,
i.e., from about 2% to about 5%, to act as suds modifiers.
Specifically, they tend to boost the sudsing in an active
system which exhibits relatively low sudsing, and depress the
sudsing in an active system which exhibits relatively high
sudsing.
The compositions of the present invention may also contain
additional inyredients generally found in laundry detergent
compositions, at their conventional art-established levels,
as long as these ingredients are compatible with the nonionic
and cationic components required herein. For example, the
compositions may contain up to about 15%, preferably up to
about 5%, and most preferably from about 0.001 to about 2%,
of a suds suppressor component. Typical suds suppressors
useful in the compositions of the present invention include,
but are not limited to, those described below.
Preferred silicone-type suds suppressing additives are
described in U.S. Patent 3,933,672, issued January 20, 1976,
Bartolotta et al. The silicone material can be represented
by alkylated polysiloxane materials such as silica aerogels
and xerogels and hydrophobic silicas of various types. The
silicone material can be described as a siloxane having the
formula:
17 \
tsiot
\ R'
wherein x is from about 20 to about 2,000, and R and R' are
each alkyl or aryl groups, especially methyl, ethyl, propyl,
butyl and phenyl. Polydimethylsiloxanes (R and R' are methyl)
having a molecular weight within the range of from about 200
to about 200,000, and higher, are all useful as suds controlling
agents.
3~ 7~iP7
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Additional suitable silicone materials wherein the side
chain groups R and R' are alkyl, aryl, or mixed alkyl and aryl
hydrocarbyl groups exhibit useful suds controlling properties.
Examples of such ingredients include diethyl-, dipropyl-,
dibutyl-, methyl-ethylphenylmethyl-polysiloxanes and the like.
Additional useful silicone suds controlling agents can be
represented by a mixture of an alkylated siloxane, as
referred to hereinbefore, and solid silica. Such mixtures are
prepared by affixing the silicone to the surface of the solid
silica. A preferred silicone suds controlling agent is
represented by a hydrophobic silanated (most preferably tri-
methylsilanated) silica having a particle size in the range
from about 10 millimicrons to 20 millimicrons and a specific
surface area above about 50 m2/gm intimately admixed with
dimethyl silicone fluid having a molecular weight in the
range from about 500 to about 200,000 at a weight ratio of
silicone to silanated silica of from about 19:1 to about 1:2.
The silicone suds suppressing agent is advantageously releas-
ably incorporated in a water-soluble or water-dispersible,
substantially non-surface-active, detergent-impermeable
carrier.
Particularly useful suds suppressors are the self-
emulsifying silicone suds suppressors, described in U.S. Patent
4,136,045, Gault et al, issued January 23, 1979. An example
of such a compound is DB-544 , commercially available from
Dow Corning, which contains a siloxane/glycol copolymer
together with solid silica and a siloxane resin.
Microcrystalline waxes having a melting point in the
range from 35C-115C and a saponification value of less than
100 represent additional examples of a preferred suds regu-
lating component for use in the subject compositions, and are
described in detail in U.S. Patent 4,056,481, Tate, issued
November 1, 1977. The microcrystalline waxes are substantially
water-insoluble, but are water-dispersible in the presence of
organic surfactants. Preferred microcrystalline waxes have
a melting point from about 65C to 100C, a molecular weight
*Trademark
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97S7
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in the range from 400-1,000; and a penetration value of at
least 6, measured at 77F by ASTM-D1321. Suitable examples
of the above waxes include: microcrystalline and oxidized
microcrystalline petrolatum waxes; Fischer-Tropsch and
oxidized Fischer-Tropsch waxes; ozokerite; ceresin; montan
wax; beeswax; candelilla; and carnauba wax.
Alkyl phosphate esters represent an additional preferred
suds suppressant for use herein. These preferred phosphate
esters are predominantly monostearyl phosphate which, in
addition thereto, can contain di- and tristearyl phosphates
and monoleyl phosphates, which can contain di- and trioleyl
phosphates.
The alkyl phosphate esters frequently contain some tri-
alkyl phosphate. Accordingly, a preferred phosphate ester
can contain, in addition to the monoalkyl ester, e.g. mono-
stearyl phosphate, up to about 50 mole percent of dialkyl
phosphate and up to about 5 mole percent of trialkyl phosphate.
Other adjunct components which may be included in the
compositions of the present invention, in their conventional
art-established levels for use (i.e., from about 0 to about
40%), include semi-polar nonionic (such as amine oxides),
anionic, zwitterionic and ampholytic cosurfactants; detergency
builders; bleaching agents; bleach activators; soil release
agents (particularly copolymers of ethylene terephthalate
and polyethylene oxide terephthalate, such as "Milease T"
sold by ICI, United States, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,132,680, Nicol, issued January 2, 1979; fillers; optical
brighteners; germicides; pH adjusting agents; alkalinity
sources; hydrotropes; enzymes; enzyme-stabilizing agents;
perfumes; solvents; carriers; suds modifiers; opactifiers;
and the like. However, because of the numerous and diverse
performance advantages of the present invention, certain con-
ventional components, such as cosurfactants and detergency
builders, as well as fabric softening and static cGntrol
agents, will not generally be necessary in a particular
formulation, giving the compositions of the present invention
*Trademark
7~7
- 17 -
a potential cost advantage over conventional detergent/
softener compositions. In fact, because the compositions of
the present invention give such outstanding clay removal
performance, even in a builder-free environment, and across
the range of water hardness conditions, for environmental
reasons the compositions of the present invention contain less
than about 15% phosphate materials. Preferred compositions
contain less than 7~ phosphate, and may even be substantially,
or totally free of such phosphate materials, without decreas-
ing the performance of the compositions. Further, in orderto achieve optimal particulate soil removal performance, the
compositions of the present invention contain less than 10%,
and are preferably substantially free of, silicate materials.
Preferred compositions of the present invention are also sub-
stantially free of carboxymethylcellulose in order to optimizethe clay removal performance of the system. Finally, while
the compositions of the present invention may contain anionic
materials, such as anionic surfactants and hydrotropes (e.g.,
alkali metal toluene sulfonates), it is preferred that par-
ticular anionic materials be contained in amounts sufficientlysmall such that not more than about 10%, preferably not more
than about 5%, of the cationic surfactant, contained in the
laundry solution, is complexed by the anionic material. Such
a complexing of the anionic material with the cationic sur-
factant, decreases the overall cleaning and fabric condition-
ing performance of the composition. Suitable anionic materials
may be selected based on their strength of complexation with
the cationic material included in the composition (as indicated
by their dissociation constant). Thus, when an anionic
material has a dissociation constant of at least about 1 x 10 3
(such as sodium toluene sulfonate), it may be contained in an
amount up to about 40%, by weight, of the cationic surfactant;
where the anionic material has a dissociation constant of at
least about 1 x 10 5, but less than about 1 x 10 3, it may be
contained in an amount up to about 15%, by weight, of the
cationic surfactant; and where the anionic material has a
:
9~57
- 18 -
dissociation constant of less than about 1 x 10 5 (such as
sodium Cll 8 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), it may be con-
tained only in amounts up to about 10%, by weight, of the
cationic surfactant. Preferred compositions are substantially
free of such anionic materials.
Examples of cosurfactants and detergency builders which
may be used in the compositions of the present invention are
found in U.S. Patent No. 3,717,630, Booth, issued February 20,
1973; and Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 306,474,
10 Murphy, filed June 29, 1978. However, these components,
particularly the anionic surfactants, should be checked with
the particular nonionic/cationic surfactant system chosen,
and used in an amount, so as to be certain that they will be
compatible with the nonionic/cationic surfactant system.
Compositions of the present invention may contain from
about 0.005% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.01% to
about 1%, of an optical brightener. Nonionic brighteners are
preferred because of their compatibility with the nonionic
and cationic surfactants utilized herein. Nonionic brighten-
ers include those of the coumarin and benzoxazole classes; a
particularly preferred brightener being 4-methyl-7-diethyl
amino coumarin, commercially available under the trademarks
"Tinopal SWN" from Ciba-Geigy Corp., Ardsley, N.Y.,
"Hiltamine Arctic White SOL", available from Hilton-Davis
Chemical Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, and "Calcofluor White SD",
available from American Cyanamid, Wayne, N.J. Other
brighteners useful herein include bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)trio-
phenes, 1,2-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)ethylenes, 1,4-bis(benzoxazol-
2-yl)naphthalenes, 4,4'-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)-stilbenes,
2-(styryl)benzoxazoles, 2(styryl)naphthoxazole, or 2-(4-
phenylstilben-4'-yl)-5-tertbutyl benzoxazole.
Preferred compositions of the present invention contain
from about 0.05~ to about 1.5%, preferably from about 0.05% to
about 1%, and most preferably from about 0.1% to about 0.8%,
of polyacids capable of forming water-soluble calcium complexes,
such as organo-phosphonic acids, particularly alkylene-
~`
1~9757
-- 19 --
polyamino-polyalkylene phosphonic acids. These materials
include ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid, hexa-
methylene diaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid, diethylene
triaminepentamethylene phosphonic acid, and aminotrimethylene
phosphonic acid.
Other preferred embodiments of the present invention
include an alkaline proteolytic enzyme having an iso-electric
point of greater than about 8. The enzyme is present in an `
amount from 0 001% to about 2%, preferably from about 0.005%
to about 0.8%, especially from about 0.02~ to about 0.2%, and
are particularly useful when used in conjunction with the
polyacids, described above. The most preferred proteolytic
enzyme preparations for use in this invention are derived from
bacillus subtilis, such as ALCALASE , manufactured by Novo
Industri A/S, and MAXATASE , manufactured by Gist-Brocades
N.V. These most preferred enzyme species have an isoelectric
point in the range from about 8.5 to about 9.2.
These polyacid and enzyme components, as well as the
benefits they provide, are discussed in detail in U.S. Patent
4,100,262, Arnau et al., issued August 29, 1978, and U.S.
Patent 4,111,855, Barrat et al., issued September 5, 1978.
Compositions which include these components are particularly
useful for the hand-laundering of fine fabrics, such as wool.
The compositions of the present invention may be produced
in a variety of forms, including liquid, solid, qranular,
paste, powder or substrate compositions. Preferred substrate
articles may be formulated according to U.S. Patent No.
4,170,165 of Flesher et al, issued October 9, 1979. In a
particularly preferred embodiment, the compositions of the
present invention are formulated as liquids and contain up to
about 20% of a lower alkyl (Cl to C4) alcohol, particularly
ethanol. Liquid compositions containing lower levels of such
alcohols (i.e., about 7 to 12%) tend to exhibit less phase
separation than compositions containing higher alcohol levels.
The compositions of the present invention are used in
the laundering process by forming an aqueous solution containing
*Trademarks
'~`'
1~97~7
- 20 -
from about 0.01 (100 parts per million) to about 0.3% (3,000
parts per million), preferably from about 0.02 to about 0.2%,
and most preferably from about 0.03 to about 0.15%, of the
nonionic/cationic detergent mixture, and agitating the soiled
fabrics in that solution. The fabrics are then rinsed and
dried. When used in this manner, the compositions of the
present invention yield exceptionally good particulate soil
removal, and also provide fabric softening, static control,
color fidelity, and dye transfer inhibition to the laundered
fabrics, without requiring the use of any of the other con-
ventionally-used fabric softening and/or static control laundry
additives.
All percentages, parts, and ratios used herein are by
weight unless otherwise specified.
The following nonlimiting examples illustrate the composi-
tions and the method of the present invention.
EXAMPLE I
The particulate soil removal performance of the present
invention was tested against a built, commercially-available
heavy duty laundry detergent composition, in the manner
described below. Composition A, a liquid composition of the
present invention, was formulated by mixing together the
components given below; Control 1 is a more conventional
granular detergent formulation.
25 Composition A
Component Weight %
"Neodol" 23-6.51 28
Ditallowalkyldimethylammonium chloride 7
Ethanol 15
30 Water 50
Condensation product of C12 13 alcohol, having about 20%
2-methyl branching, with ~.5 moles of ethylene oxide,
commercially available from Shell Chemical Company.
9~
- 21 -
Control 1
Component Weight %
Sodium salt of the sulfated reaction
product of tallow alcohol condensed
with 3 moles 5.5
of ethylene oxide
Sodium tallowalkyl sulfate 5.5
Sodium Cll 8 linear alkylbenzene
sulfonate 7.0
Sodium silicate solids (2.0r) 12.0
Sodium tripolyphosphate, anhydrous 24.4
Sodium sulfate 36.8
Polyethyleneglycol 6000 0.9
Moisture and minors balance to 100
(includes perfume and brightener)
For each test, 3 cotton and 3 polyester fabric swatches
were used. The swatches were stained with a slurry of clay
in water; the 6 swatches containing a total of about 1.5 grams
of the clay material. For each treatment, the 6 swatches were
run through one cycle (which includes predissolve, wash, rinse,
and spin steps) of a 1.5 gallon capacity automatic mini-washer.
Composition A was used in the washer at a concentration of
about 1800 parts per million (an active concentration of 620
ppm), while Control 1 was used at a concentration of about
1,500 parts per million. The swatches were machine dried,
and the particulate soil removal for each treatment was
determined using a Hunter Whiteness Meter. The results, given
below, are in filtered Hunter Whiteness Units, with higher
numbers indicating better particulate removal. The above pro-
cedures were carried out using 100F wash water containing7 and12 grains per gallon of mixed calcium and magnesium
hardness, and using a wash temperature of 125 F, at a hardness
of 7 grains per gallon.
~, ~
,
i~97~7
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Wash water temperature100 F 100 F 125 F
Water Hardness (grains/gallon) 7 12 7
Polyester
Composition A 57 56 69
Control 1 32 25 26
least significant difference 3 2 2
Cotton
Composition A 45 47 53
Control 1 40 42 40
10 least slgnificant difference 4 1 2
These data demonstrate the superior particulate soil
removal performance, over a range of wash temperature, water
hardness and fabric conditions, of the compositions of the
present invention when compared with a more conventional
laundry detergent formulation. It must be emphasized that
Composition A, a totally unbuilt composition, demonstrated
these benefits, in spite of the fact that Control 1 contains
significant amounts of phosphate builder materials.
Similar cleaning results are obtained when the cationic
surfactant in Composition A is replaced, in whole or in part,
by ditallowalkyldimethylammonium methyl sulfate, ditallow-
alkyldimethylammonium iodide, dihexadecylalkyldimethylammonium
chloride, dihexadecylalkyldihydroxylethylammonium methyl
sulfate, dioctadecylalkyldimethylammonium chloride, dieicosyl-
alkyl methyl ethyl ammonium chloride, dieicosylalkyl dimethyl-
ammonium bromide, methyl (1) tallowalkyl amido ethyl (2)
tallowalkyl imidazolinium methyl sulfate, or mixtures of these
surfactants.
Substantially similar results are also obtained where the
nonionic surfactant in Composition A is replaced, in whole or
in part, by the condensation product of C14 15 alcohol with
2.25 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product of
C14 15 alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation
product of C12 15 alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide; the
35 condensation product of C12 13 alcohol with 6.5 moles of
,
.
11~)97~7
- 23 -
ethylene oxide, which is stripped so as to remove lower
ethoxylate and nonethoxylated fractions; the condensation
product of coconut alcohol with 5 moles of ethylene oxide;
the condensation product of coconut alcohol with 6 moles of
ethylene oxide; the condensation product of C12 15 alcohol
with 7 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product of
tallow alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide; a 1:1 by weight
mixture of the condensation product of C12_15 alcohol with
7 moles of ethylene oxide and the condensation product of
10C14 15 alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide; and other
mixtures of those surfactants.
Excellent cleaning results are also obtained where the
ratio of nonionic surfactant to cationic surfactant used in
Composition A is about 2:1, 3:1, 3.5:1, 4.5:1, 5:1, 6:1 or 8:1.
15EXAMPLE II
The dye transfer inhibition properties of Composition A
of Example I were compared to those of a more conventional,
built laundry detergent composition in the following manner.
Control 2
20 Component Weight %
Sodium salt of the sulfated reaction
product of tallow alcohol condensed
with 3 moles of ethylene oxide5.5
Sodium tallowalkyl sulfate 5.5
25 Sodium Cll 8 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate 7.0
Sodium silicate solids (2.Or)12.0
Sodium tripolyphosphate, anhydrous 24.4
Sodium Zeolite A, Hydrated 18.0
(~3~ average diameter)
30 Sodium sulfate 18.8
Polyethyleneglycol 6000 0.9
Moisture and minorsbalance to 100
(includes perfume and brightener)
While a full size automatic washing machine was filling
with 100F water, having a mixed calcium/magnesium hardness of
7 grains per gallon, the detergent compositions were added to
the wash solution. In one set of runs, Composition A was used
~.
7~7
- 24 -
at a level of 1400 parts per million (an active concentration
of 500 ppm), while in the second set of runs Control 2 was
used at a concentration of about 1500 parts per million.
After the washing machine was filled with water, four white
cotton terry fabrics and one piece (9" x 20") of navy blue
sweatshirt were added to the wash solution. After one complete
washing cycle, the fabrics were removed and dried.
Upon visual inspection it was seen that while the fabrics
washed with Composition A were still white, those washed in
Control 2 had a noticeable blue tinge. To confirm these visual
results, a Hunter Whiteness Meter was used to determine the
"b" value of the laundered fabrics. This "b" value indicates
the amount of blue color in the fabric; with 0 indicating no
blue color present, and increasingly negative numbers denoting
increasing amounts of blue color in the fabric. On two runs
with Composition A, the Hunter "b" readings were 0 on each run.
However, on two runs using Control 2, Hunter "b" readings of
-4 and -5, indicating a definite presence of blue color in
the fabrics, were obtained. These data demonstrate that
Composition A, a composition of the present invention, was
able to inhibit the transfer of dye from the blue sweatshirt
fabric onto the white cotton terry fabrics, while Control 2,
a more conventional laundry detergent composition, was not
able to effectively do so.
EXAMPLE III
Using the method described in Example II, the dye trans-
fer inhibition properties of a composition of the present
invention were tested against a similar composition which
included a mono-long chain quaternary ammonium surfactant,
rather than the required di-long chain quaternary ammonium
surfactant.
Before the test procedure was begun, the white cotton
terry fabrics used were found to have a Hunter Whiteness "b"
value of -0.78. One set of terries was washed using Composi-
tion A, of Example I, at a usage concentration of about 1400parts per million, while a second set of cotton terries was
washed in a similar composition containing a mixture of Neodol
\ `~ `
~.
'
- ~
7~7
- 25 -
23-6.5 and tallowalkyltrimethylammonium chloride, in a nonionic:
cationic ratio of 4:1, at a usaye concentration of about 1400
parts per million. After washing in the presence of the blue
sweatshirt material and drying, the terries washed with Compo-
sition A were found to have a Hunter Whiteness "b" value of
-0.79; a value essentially equivalent to the value of the
terries prior to the wash. The terries washed with the tallow-
alkyltrimethylammonium chloride composition were found to have
a Hunter Whiteness "b" value of -2.13. These data demonstrate
that the compositions of the present invention, which utilize
di-long chain quaternary ammonium materials, offer a dye
transfer inhibition benefit which is far superior to that
offered by similar mixtures of nonionic and cationic surfac-
tants, which utilize a conventional mono-long chain quaternary
14 ammonium surfactant of similar chain length.
EXAMPLE IV
The static control benefits of a liquid detergent compo-
sition of the present invention,having the specific formulation
given below, were demonstrated in the following manner. The
composition was formulated by combining the ingredients in
the proportions stated.
Component Weight
"Neodol" 23-6.5 28
Ditallowalkyldimethylammonium chloride 7
25 Sodium toluene sulfonate 2
Ethanol 15
Water 48
A load of clothing was washed in a full size washing
machine, using the composition given above at a usage concen-
30 tration of about 1400 parts per million in 22 gallons of 100F
water, having a hardness of about 7 grains per gallon. The
composition had a pH of about 8 in the laundry solution. The
load consisted of about 33 pieces of clothing and contained
cotton, polyester/cotton, nylon and polyester materials. The
washed load was subsequently placed in an automatic dryer,
~J `
7~;7
- 26 -
the drum of which had been cleaned with an alcohol-soaked
cloth, and drled for a period of 60 minutes. The fabric load
was then removed from the dryer and placed in a grounded
Faraday Cage. The overall charge reading of the materials in
the Faraday Cage was read and recorded as individual items
were removed from the Cage. When all the fabrics had been
removed, the total voltage charge for the fabric load could be
determined. This value was then divided by the total area of
the fabric load (18.5 sq. yds.) to determine the voltage per
square yard of the load.
The composition, described above, gave a voltage per
square yard reading of 0.95, with no individual clings of
fabrics observed as they were removed from the Faraday Cage.
Conventional laundry detergent compositions, tested in the
same manner, generally give voltage per square yard readings
of between about 4 and 10 volts per square yard, with numerous
individual clings being observed, depending upon the relative
humidity at the time the test is carried out. Thus, it is
seen that the compositions of the present invention give
excellent static control performance when compared to conven-
tional laundry detergent compositions.
EXAMPLE V
A heavy duty liquid laundry detergent composition, having
the formula given below, is made by combining the ingredients
in the proportions specified.
Component Weight %
Neodol 23-6.5 28.0
Ditallowalkyldimethylammonium chloride 7.0
Ethanol 15.0
30 Dye 0-05
Perfume 0 35
Water balance to 100
This composition demonstrates outstanding removal of
particulate soils, and fabric softening, static control, and
dye transfer inhibition benefits when used to launder fabrics.
- 11~97~
- 27 -
The composition may also contain relatively small amounts of
conventional opacifiers, such as about 0.05% of TiO2, to
enhance its appearance.
EXAMPLE VI
A liquid laundry detergent product of the present inven-
tion is formulated by combining the components given below in
the proportions specified.
Component Weight %
Condensation product of C14 15
alcohol, having about
20% 2-methyl branching,2with 7
moles of ethylene oxide 20.0
Methyl (1) tallowalkyl amido ethyl
(2) tallowalkyl imidazolinium3 lO.0
15 Ethanol 15.0
Dye 0.1
Perfume 0.35
Water balance to 100
Neodol 45-7, commercially available from Shell Chemical
Company.
3Varisoft 475, commercially available from Ashland Chemical
Company.
This composition gives excellent removal of particulate
soils , as well as static control, fabric softening and dye
transfer inhibition benefits, in the automatic laundering
process. This composition may also be adsorbed onto a finely
divided water-insoluble carrier, such that the carrier con-
stitutes about 20~ by weight of the total composition, in order
to form a particulate detergent product. Further, the compo-
sition may be coated onto a woven or nonwoven substrate sheet,dried, and used in the laundering process.
EXAMPLE VII
A liquid laundry detergent composition, having the formu-
lation given below, is made by combining the components in the
proportions specified.
~,.
- 28 -
Component Weight
Condensation product of Cg_ll alcohol,
with 8 moles of ethylene oxide,
stripped to remove nonethoxylated
and lower ethoxylated fractions4 30
Ditallowalkyldimethylammonium methyl
sulfate 5
Isopropyl alcohol 12
Sodium tripolyphosphate 3
10 Mid-cut coconutalkyl ammonia amide 3
DB-5445 (trademark)
Water and minorsbalance to 100
Dobanol 91-8T, commercially available from Shell Chemical
Company. ("Dobanol 91-8T" is a trademark).
5a suds suppressor, containing a siloxane/glycol copolymer
together with solid silica and a siloxane resin, commer-
cially available from Dow Corning Corporation.
This composition p~ovides excellent cleaning of particu-
late soils, as well as static control, fabric softening and
dye transfer inhibition benefits, when used in the conventional
automatic laundering process.
Substantially similar results are also obtained where the
above composition contains lauramide in place of the coconut
ammonia amide.
Excellent cleaning results are also obtained where the
above composition additionally contains monoethanolamine,
diethanolamine or triethanolamine, as an alkalinity source.
Similar performance is also obtained where the suds sup-
pressor component in the above composition is replaced, in
whole or in part, by a silicone suds suppressor selected from
the group consisting of trimethyl-, diethyl-, dipropyl-, di-
butyl-, methylethyl-, phenylmethyl polysiloxane, and mixtures
thereof; a petrolatum or oxidized petrolatum wax; a Fischer-
Tropsch or oxidized Fischer-Tropsch wax; ozokerite, ceresin;
montan wax; beeswax; candelilla; or carnauba wax.
Substantially similar performance is also obtained where
the above composition additionally contains sodium silicate,
at an amount of about 3% of the total composition.
$~
9~7
- 29 -
EXAMPLE VIII
A heavy duty liquid laundry detergent composition, having
the formula given below, is made by combining the ingredients
in the proportions specified.
5 Component Weight
Neodol 45-7 11.8
Condensation product of C12 15
alcohol having about
20% 2-methyl branching, with 7
moles of ethylene oxide6 11.8
Ditallowalkyldimethylammonium chloride 5.25
Ethanol 13.2
Potassium hydroxide 0.1
Potassium bicarbonate 0.8
Water and minors (including perfume
and opacifier) balance to 100
6Neodol 25-7, commercially available from Sheel Chemical
Company.
This composition demonstrates outstanding removal of
particulate soils, and fabric softening, static control, and
dye transfer inhibition benefits when used to launder fabrics.
EXAMPLE IX
A heavy duty liquid laundry detergent composition, having
the formula given below, is made by combining the ingredients
in the proportions specified.
Component Weight %
Neodol 45-7 23.62
Ditallowalkyldimethylammonium chloride 5.25
Ethanol 15.00
30 Coconutalkyl monoethanol amide2.88
"Tinopal SWN" optical brightener 0.7
Perfume 0 35
Water balance to 100
This composition demonstrates outstanding removal of
particulate soils, and fabric softening, static control and
dye transfer inhibition benefits when used to launder fabrics.
- . , ~ .
,
.
i~g75~
- 30 -
Substantially similar results are obtained where the
coconutalkyl monoethanol amide is replaced, in whole or in part,
by coconutalkyl diethanolamide or an amide having the formula
O H
R-C-N-CH2CH2OcH2cH2OH~
wherein R is a coconutalkyl group or a C16 alkyl group.
Excellent results are also obtained where the amide and
brightener components in the above composition are removed,
and are replaced by water.
EXAMPLE X
A heavy duty liquid laundry detergent composition, having
the formula given below, is made by combining the ingredients
in the proportions specified.
Component Weight %
Neodol 45-7 24.0
Di-softened tallowalkyldimethylammonium
chloride6 4.8
Ethanol 15.0
Potassium bicarbonate 0.5
20 Perfume 0.35
Water and minorsbalance to 100
6Adogen 470, commercially available from Ashland Chemical
Company.
This composition demonstrates outstanding removal of
particulate soils, and fabric softening, static control and
dye transfer inhibition benefits when used to launder fabrics.
In addition, the composition provideq benefits over similar
compositions utilizing more conventional cationic components,
such as ditallowalkyldimethylammonium chloride, in terms of
improved static control and particulate soil removal
(especially at lower wash temperatures) and better processing
characteristics, in that it forms a single phase product
which remains stable at lower storage temperatures.
97~7
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- 31 -
EXAMPLE XI
A heavy duty liquid detergent composition.
Component Weight %
C12_13 alcohol polyethoxylate (6.5) 12
C14_15 alcohol polyethoxylate (7.0) 12
Dimethyl ditallow ammonium chloride 4.8
Ethanol 15
Sodium citrate 0.5
Perfume, dye, etc. 0.35
1,2-bis(6-methylbenzoxazol-2-yl) 0.017
ethylene
H2O Balance
EXAMPLE XII
Component Weight %
Condensation Product of C12 15
alcohol with 7 moles of
ethylene oxide 20-25%
Ditallowalkyldimethyl ammonium
chloride 4-5%
Proteolytic enzyme (MAXATASE-
containiny 1.5 Anson unit/gram) 1.0%
Ethylenediaminetetramethylene
phosphonic acid 0.3%
Ethanol 5-10%
Water Balance to 100
