Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~ BICARBONATE-CONTAINING STICK DEODORANT
:,
This invention relates to a stable, saturated fatty
acid soap based stick deodorant containing alkali metal bicarbon-
ate as the essential deodorizing agent, and to the method of
making said bicarbonate-containing deodorant sticks.
Cosmetic sticks having antiperspirant and/or deodor-
izing effects and based on alcoholic soap gels and/or propylene
glycol soap gels are known in the prior art and are described
- in United States Patent Nos. 2,900,306; 2~857,315; 2,933,433;
3,259J545; 2,970,083, Canadian Patent No. 567,499 and British
Patent No. 795,773. The deodorizing agents heretofore
incorporated into sai.d soap gels include halogenated dihydroxy
diphenyl methanes, particularly hexachlorophenes, as disclosed
in United States Patent No. 2,900,306 and No. 29970,083.
In addition to or in lieu of aforesaid deodorants,
antiperspirant agents such as sodium zirconium lactate, aluminum
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hydroxide gel, aluminum chlorhydroxy complex, aluminum hydroxy
chloride, sodium aluminum chlorhydroxy lactate complex or mix-
' tures thereof are added to said propylene glycol soap gel sticks
: as disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 2,857,315; 2,933,433;
, 3,259,545; and 29970,083.
~- Antiperspirants combat axillary odors by inhibiting
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perspiration through the action of astringent salts such as
~;; aluminum and zinc salts and may be irritating to a considerable
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~ number of users. On the other hand, deodorants neutralize the
r` ~ 10 objectionable odors resulting from the degradation of the com-ponents of sweat due to chemical and microbial attack into foul
smelling fatty acids. Deodorants do not inhibit sweating but
rather neutralize the odorous degradation products of sweat,
either by their own odorous properties, or by the inhibition of
the decomposition action of microbial action on the fats in the
sweat residues, or by reaction with the foul smelling fatty acids
or by any combination of these mechanisms. Accordingly, they are
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not as irritating as the antiperspirants.
Sodium bicarbonate has long been recognized for its
: 20 deodorant properties, and has commonly been used as a deodorantin refrigerators. In addition, plain powdered sodium bicarbonate
or diluted with talc, cornstarch, rice-flour, or other filler
has been used as an underarm deodorant as disclosed in the Journal
of Investigative Dermatology Vol. 71946 pages 131-133 and United
States Patent No. 279,195 and No. 1,558,405.
~`~ However, the development of a practical and effective
deodorant c~mpDsition in stic~ form, which is capable Df consumer
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acceptability, presents many considerations which are unique.
That is to say that, because sodium and potassium bicarbonate
have only limited solubility in water, alcohol and other solvents,
the preparation of a composition suitable for dispensing in stick
form has been an exceedingly difficult and perplexing problem.
~` In addition to the problem of limited solubility of the sodium
bicarbonate, its compatibility with the other ingredients of
conventional stick compositions, the dimensional stability of the
stick containing sodium bicarbonate, its aestheticappearance and
feel on the skin are just a few of the additional problems en-
countered in the preparation of an acceptable sodium bicarbonate-
~: containing deodoran~ stick.
Accordingly, this invention seeks to provide a non-
shrinking, non-stinging, stearate soap based deodorant stick
containing an effective amount of an alkali metal bicarbonate as
the active deodorant, the bicarbonate eliminating the need for
bacteriostats as the deodorizing agent.
In accordance with the present invention, it has been
found that a deodorant stick comprising at least 0.1 to 3% and
preferably at least 1 to 3%, and up to 70%, and preferably up to
50% by weight of an alkali metal bicarbonate dispersed or dissolved
in aqueous or anhydrous polyhydric alcohol per se, or in admixture
with a monohydric alcohol, solidified by a minor amount of sodium
stearate or a combination of sodium and potassium stearates, ex-
hibits certain desirable characteristics.
More specifically, the present invention provides for a
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deodorant cosmetic stick consisting essentially of about 0.1-70%
by weight of an alkali metal bicarbonate and about 0-10% by weight
of suspending agent, dispersed in a soap based gel which comprises
a polyhydric alcohol or a mixture of a polyhydric and monohydric
alcohol, gelled by about 2-15% by weight of an alkali metal salt
. of a saturated fatty acid containing at least 14 and up to 20
carbon atoms.
The alkali metal bicarbonate incorporated into the
fatty acid soap based stick will generally be sodium bicarbonate
or potassium bicarbonate. It has been found that low levels of
bicarbonate, up to about 3% can be readily dissolved in an
aqueous solution in the preparation of a transparent stick. Higher
levels of about 8% potassium bicarbonate can also be used in the
preparation of solid deodorant sticks. However, larger amounts of
-~ sodium or potassium bicarbonate, beyond their solubility range can
also be incorporated into said sticks by using a suspending agent
and micro-pulverized sodium or potassium bicarbonate powder, having
a particle size of about 5 to 100 microns and preferably 10 to 25
microns. The smaller the particles, the easier it is to sllspend
in the soap gel; and the resultant stick affords a non-gritty,
smoother feel upon application to the skin.
Accordingly, extra strength deodorant sticks, i.e.,
containing more than 3% bicarbonate, can also be formulated by
adding a suitable suspending agent, which are known bulking agent
compounds such as colloidal silica such as "cab-0-Sil*"; a
pyrogenic silica having a particle diameter between about 0.001
and 0.03 microns as disclosed in British Patent No. 987,301;
colloidal (fumed) alumina; finely divided hydrophobically treated
clays such as a reaction product of a clay such as bentonite or hectorite
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*Trade Mark
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with, for example, dimethyldistearyl ammonium chloride; colloidal magnesium
aluminum silicates; other montmorillonite clays; and hydrophobically treated
montmorillonite clays.
The preferred suspending agents are the hydrophobically treated
montmorillonite or hectorite clays available under the trademark "Bentone"
which are prepared by reacting a clay such as bentonite or hectorite in a
cation exchange system with a variety of amines. Different amines are
reacted to obtain different Bentone suspending agents which may also differ
in proportions of SiO~, MgO and A12O3, all of which have a particle size
below about 5 microns and are commercially available from the ~L Industries,
Inc.. The suspending agent is employed in amounts of about 0.1 to 10% and
preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight of the total composition.
The transparency of the bicarbonate stick is reduced as the
solubility of the bicarbonate in the soap gel is reduced, ~ecause part of
the bicarbonate is now in suspension, resulting in an opaque stick. These
opaque sticks which contain up to 70% and preferably up to 50% bicarbonate
are very effective stick deodoriPnts and feel like a cream wllen applied to
the skin, without affecting the hardness characteristics of the stick.
.
- Partial substitution of talc for bicarbonate gives added improvement ~o the
after feel of such sticks.
It has additionally been found that the substitution of water-
absorptive insoluble filler materials in finely divided particulate form
such as talc, cornstarch and the like for a portion of the bicarbonate
....
content, not to exceed the amount
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bicarbonate, can also be incorporated into the soap based gel
- stick to gi~e a smooth feel and/or water absorbing properties
to the product. Such materials act by absorbing sweat under the
armpit assuring a dry feeling without altering the normal pers-
piration process.
It has also been found that sodium or potassium bicar-
bonate buffers and lowers the pH of the soap based stick deodorant
from about 10 to about 8.5 to 9, and from 10.5 to 9.5 respectively,
thereby reducing possible skin sensitivity without adversely
~- 10 affecting the required hardness characteristics of the stick.
The sodium or potassium soap based gel into which the
aqueous bicarbonate solution or suspension is incorporated com-
prises a polyhydric alcohol or a mixture of a polyhydric and
monohydric alcohol, solidified or gelled by means of an alkali
metal salt of a saturated fatty acid containing about 14 to 20
carbon atoms. Suitable polyhydric alcohols include glycerin
and the lower alkylene glycols of low molecular weight which
; are liquid at room temperature, such as ethylene glycol, diethyl-
ene glycol, butylene glycol and preferably propylene glycol. The
alcohol content which includes the polyhydric alcohol and monohy-
- dric alcohol (if any) constitutes the major liquid ingredient of
instant composition, from about 20% to 90% by weight of the total
composition.
The monohydric alcohol which is a lower alkanol such
as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol may be substituted for only part
....
of the polyhydric alcohol, not to exceed 2.5 times that of the
polyhydric alcohol and preferably not to exceed the polyhydric
alcohol con~ent. 1`hese combined alcohol containing sticks are also
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effective as deodorant sticks. However, -transparency of the
alcohol containing stick is reduced considerably, i.e., said
sticks are opaque, not transparent or translucent. The use of
ethanol as the sole alcohol base has becll found to be undesirable
due to its drying out properties, i.e., syneresis.
The polyhydric alcohol or ~he combination of ethanol
with the polyhydric alcohol, specifically propylene glycol is
converted into a gel with a solidifying ingredient in a known
manner to form the solid cosmetic product. In particular, it is
preferred to employ a stearic acid soap as the gelling agent
which is formed preferably in situ by the admixture of aqueous
alkali such as sodium or potassium hydroxide with a warm solution
of stearic acid in propylene glycol or mixture thereof with
ethanol. The resulting mixture solidifies to a gel upon cooling.
Any type o~ high molecular weight saturated fatty acid may be
used though it is preferred to employ the commercial stearic acid
which comprises essentially a mixture of stear;c and palmitic
acids. The solidifying agent is used in minor amounts of about
2 to 15% and preferably about 4-8% by weight. Although a sodium,
potassium, or sodium-potassium stearate is contemplated as the
gelling agent, the sodiumstearate is preferred.
In addition to the essential components of the present
composition, one may also include therein minor amounts of com-
ponents such as perfumes, coloring agents, ultraviolet absorbers
to enhance the color, and the like, so as to improve the aesthetic
value and cons~mler acceptability.
Other optional ingredients in minor amounts may be
incorporated in instant composition without adversely affecting
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the beneficial properties thereof such as the potassium, aluminum and amine
soaps; emollients and emulsifiers such as silicones, fatty esters, fatty
amides, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols and acids. These
emulsifiers help make the sticks into a melting stick so that upon contact
with the skin, a layer of the composition is deposited thereon. Preferred
emulsifiers include alkoxylated cetyl alcohol such as polypropylene glycol
of the condensate of cetyl alcohol with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, oleyl
alcohol, ethoxylated lanolin, particularly Solulan which is a polyethylene
glycol ether of lanolin alcohols (average 16 moles ethylene oxide).
Another optional ingredient having beneficial affects on the
present deodorant stick are thickeners or viscosity builders which alone
or in combination with suspending agents retard the settling out of
materials before the gel solidifies. Particularly useful thickeners
include cellulosic derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl
cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ~CMC) and Methocel* which is a
hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose containing about 23-32% hydroxypropyl groups,
about 16.5-20% methyl groups and about 5% NaCl, having a viscosity of
about 4000-6000 centipoises.
Known bacteriostats may also be added, although the bicarbonate-
containing stick per se is effective as a deodorant without the use of
added bacteriostats.
The method of making the aqueous bicarbonate-containing deodorant
stick of instant invention generally comprises mixing an aqueous dispersion
or solution of the bicarbonate plus suspend-
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ing agent ~when used) with a hot or heated solution of polyhydric
alcohol, stearic acid and alkali metal hydroxide, preferably
at about 160 F; followed by the addition of perfume, colorants
and other optional ingredients, ~if any) to ~orm a homogeneous
liquid product; pouring the warm liquid into molds and cooling
to room temperature. During the cooling period, gelation takes
place and the resultant product assumes a rigid form which is
capable of application to the skin by gently rubbing, whereby
a thin film of said composition is deposited on the desired
areas of the skin. The resultant rigid stick is transparent
or opaque, depending on the amount of bicarbonate added and the
particular ingredients employed. This stick is stable, i.e.,
there is no separation out of specific ingredients; and it possess-
es a good shelf-life, i.e., no syneresis or shrinkage occurs.
Another method of making the aqueous bicarbonate-con-
taining sticks of instant invention comprises the addition of the
powdered bicarbonate and filler such as talc (if desired) directly
.,
to the hot liquid soap base with agitation, and pouring the warm
flowable mixture into containers to harden into deodorant sticks
` 20 A preferred method of making said bicarbonate-contain-
ing stick is to combine the stearic acid with sodium carbonate
or potassium carbonate to form the sodium or potassium soap
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and the sodium or potassium bicarbonate in situ. This reaction
is shown by the following equation wherein R represents the
stearyl radical:
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O O
RC-OH+Na2C03~ RC-ONa+NaHC03
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The method of preparing the anhydrous soap based
stisks comprises dissolving the alkali metal soap such as the
stearate in hot polyhydric alcohol containing a suspending agent;
adding the bicarbonate thereto with agitation; followed by the
addition of the water absorptive materials, perfume~ coloring
. agents, etc.; and pouring the resultant mixture into containers
to cool alld solidify.
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The following specific examples are further illustrative of the
present invention, but it is understood that the invention is not limited
`~thereto. All amounts of various ingredients are by weight unless otherwise
specified.
EXAMPLES 1 - 5
.~Na Soap - Propylene Glycol - Water Based)
Example 1 2 3 4 5
Part 1
Propylene Glycol 53.45 53.35 52.45 50.45 45.45
Stearic Acid 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
19.1% Na20 Caustic Soda 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60
Part 2
- Deionized water 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6 28.20
: Sodium Bicarbonate - 0.1 1.0 3.0
.,
Sodium Bicarbonate - - - - 15.00
(Micro pulverized)
Bentone LT* - - - - 0.50
.. Part 3
Perfume 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
:: Triclosan* (Bacterio-0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
. stat)l
,
: Uvinul 400* (Ultravio- 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0~05
let absorber)2
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Part 4
- FDC Blue #1 0.1%0.200.20 0.20 0.200.20
of Soln.
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'; 100.00100.00 100.00 100.00100.00
Translu- Trans- Trans- Trans- Opaque
Visual Appearance cent to parentparent lucent
Opaque
pH ~10% Aqueous Soln3 10.32 9.79.1 8.9 8.5
1. 4,2',4' trichloro-2-hydroxy diphenyl ether
2. 2,4 dihydroxy benzophenone
,. . .
The stearic acid and the propylene glycol are mixed
and heated to 160 F, followed by addition of the caustic soda.
The Bentone is gradually added to the water with
rapid and/or high shear mixing, followed by the addition of the
sodium bicarbonate.
The two solutions are mixed together and cooled to
125-130F. The perfume, bacteriostat and uvinol are admixed and
added to the above mixture, followed by the addition of the color-
ing agent.
;;, The total mixture is poured into molds and chilled to
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solidify into stable deodorant sticks.
',- These examples clearly show the buffering affect of
the sodium bicarbonate, as well as the improved transparency of
the stick at concentrations of 0.1 to 3% bicarbonate content.
The pH measurements are made by dissolving 10 gms of
stick deodorant in 90 gms deionized water by heating, and then
cooling to room temperature before taking readings.
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EXAMPLES 6 ~ 7
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`; . ~Na Soap - Propylene Glycol - Ethanol - Water Based)
: . Example 6 7
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Propylene Glycol 32.80 32.80
Ethanol (95%) 35.75 32.75
: .,
~ Stearic Acid (B Grade) 6.00 6.00
: .:
19.1% Na20 Caustic Soda 3.60 3.60
: ,:
~ Part 2
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:~ Deionized Water 20.00 20.00
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: : Sodium Bicarbonate - 3.00
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Part 3
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,.,................ Perfume 1.00 1.00
:~; Triclosan (Bacteriostat) 0.10 0.10
. Uvinol 400 0.05 0.05
,:
~ Butyl Stearate 0.50 0.50
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Part 4
FDC Blue #1 0.1% aq. soln 0.20 0.20
. - 100 . 00 100, 00
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Visual Appearance Opaque Opaque
pH 9.5 8.8
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The same procedure as in Example 1-5 is followed.
These examples also show the buffering action of the bicarbonate
in the presence of a mixture of ethanol and propylene glycol.
EXAMPLES 8 ~ 9
(Combining Stearic Acid with Sodium Carbonate)
Example 8 9
Part 1
Propylene Glycol 53 45 52.G0
Stearic Acid (B Grade) 6.00 6.00
Trichlorocarbanilide (TCC) 0.15
Part 2
Deionized water 36.6 33.75
Sodium Carbonate 2.4 2.40
Sodium Bicarbonate - 3.00
Bentone LT* - 0.50
Methocel* (thickener)l - 0.40
Part 3
. . .
:~: Perfume 1.00 1.00
Uvinul 400* 0.05 0.05
Triclosan* (Bacteriostat) 0~05
*'frade Mark
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Part 4
FDC Blue #1 0.1% aq. Soln0.30 0.30
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100 . 00 100 . 00
Visual Appearance Transparent Opaque
; pH (10% aqueous Soln) 9.0 8.8
:
; 1. hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose
Part 1 is prepared by heating and dissolving the TCC
and the stearic acid in propylene glycol at 160F.
Part 2 is prepared by dissolving the sodium carbonate
and/or the sodium bicarbonate in water with mixing and heating
to 160F. Methocel is gradually added with rapid mixing followed
by the gradual addition of Bentone.
Part 1 is gradually added to Part 2 and cooled to
about 130 F.-
Part 3 ingredients are admixed and added to the above
liquid mixture, followed by the addition of the color. This
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homogeneous mixture is poured into molds and chilled.
,~ These examples are specific to the preferred method
of forming the sodium bicarbonate in situ by the addition of
stearic acid to the sodium carbonate. The stick containing less
than 3% bicarbonate is transparent, whereas the greater quantity
of bicarbonate produces an opaque stick.
In example 9, the total quantity of sodium bicarbonate
formed exceeds its solubility in the system so that the excess
amount precipitates out as fine particles on the Bentone sus-
pending agent.
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EXAMPLES 10 - 12
Example 10 11 12
Propylene glycol 53.45 53.45 53.45
Stearic Acid 6.00 6.00 6.00
TCC 0.15 0.15 0.15
Deionized Water 33.5 33.4 33.4
Caustic Soda (19.1%) 3.6 3.6 3.6
NaCl - 0.1
:...
Sodium Bicarbonate - - 0.1
Diisopropyl adipate 1.0 1.0 1.0
Benzyl alcohol 1.0 1.0 1.0
Lavender 1.0 1.0 1.0
FDC Blue #1 (0.1%) 0.2 0.3 0.3
U.V. 400 0.05 0.05 0.05
DP 300 0.05 0.05 0.05
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Example 12 is significantly more transparent than
Examples 10 and 11 and retains its transparency after 20 minutes
at 0 in a freezer, whereas the other sticks become slightly
. hazy after freezing, thereby demonstrating the superior stability
of the bicarbonate-containing stick. In addition, Example 12
retains its transparency after standing overnight, whereas the
other sticks hecome less transparent.
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EXAMPLES ].3 ~ 14
Cream Sticks
Example 13 14
Base A C
Part 1
.
Propylene Glycol 55.0 75.73
Stearic Acid (Double pressed grade) 6.0
Stearic Acid (Triple pressed grade) - 5.00
Bentone LT* 2.0 1.00
Tallow Fatty Acid - 1.00
Part 2
Water 26.48 10.0
Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate) 2.40 2.37
Part 3
Perfume 1.0 1.0
Glycerol Monostearate - 0.5
Procetyl AWS* (emulsifier) 7.0 3O0
D ~ C Green 8* (2.75%) 0.08
FDC Green 3* (0.1%) 0.04
D ~ C Red 19* (0.1%) - 0.4
:
100.00 100.00
50% Cream Stick 50% Cream Stick
Base _ Base C
50% Baking Soda 25% Baking Soda
~Micropulver- (Micropulver-
ized) ized)
25% Italian Talc
100% 100%
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1. polypropylene glycol (5 moles) of condensate of cetyl alcohol
with 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
Part 1 ingredients are admixed and heated to 160F
and added to the aqueous solution of Part 2 at 160F. The mix-
ture is cooled to 140F and a mixture of Part 3 ingredients are
added thereto with mixing to form the cream stick base.
The micropulverized baking soda per se or jointly with
the talc powder are mixed with the hot liquid cream base at a
.,
temperature of at least 125 F. The warm flowable mixture is
poured into containers and cooled to form a solid stick. These
high solid stick deodorants go on the skin like a cream. The
talc baking soda sticks give a particularly smooth feel when
' rubbed on the skin.
EXAMPLES 15 ~ 16
~Use of Potassium Bicarbonate)
Example 15 16
Part 1
Propylene Glycol 52.3 44.3
Sodium Stearate 8.0 8.0
Procetyl AWS 3.0 3.0
Part 2
Deionized water 35.0 35.0
Potassium Bicarbonate 0 8.0
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Part 3
Sodium Chloride 0.2 0.2
Perfume 1.5 1.5
100 . O 100 . O
Appaarance Translucent to Translucent to
Transparent Transparent
pH (10% aqueous solution) 10.5 9.5
,''
Sodium stearate and procetyl AWS are dissolved in hot
propylene glycol at about 180F. Potassium bicarbonate is dis-
, solved in warm deionized water. Part 2 is added to Part 1 with
mixing and Part 3 ingredients are admixed.
Results show the buffering affect of potassium bicar-
bonate and its usefulness at 8% in solution.
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EXAMPLE 17
Example 17
~Anhydrous Stick)
Propylene Glycol 75.8
Sodium Stearate 8
Procetyl AWS 4
Sodium Bicarbonate (micropulverized) 10
Bentone LT 0.5
Perfume 1.5
FDC Green #3 (0.1% in ethanol)0.2
" 100. 0
Appearance Greenish opaque (with
good aesthetics)
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Bentone LT is dispersed in propylene glycol and procetyl
AWS solution with rapid mixing. Sodium stearate is dissolved in
the mixture at about 185 F. The temperature is reduced to 160F
and the sodium bicarbonate powder is admixed followed by perfume
and color. The product is poured into containers and cooled to
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; form a solid stick.
EXAMPLE 18
- Example 18
~Substitution of Glycerine for
Propylene Glycol)
Part 1
Glycerine 50.00
Stearic Acid (Double Prcssed Grade) 6~00
Part 2
Deionized water 35.83
Soda Ash (Sodium carbonate) 2.40
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Part 3
Perfume 1.50
Triclosan (Bacteriostat) 0.15
~; Procetyl AWS 4.00
D ~ C Green # 8 (2.75%) 0.08
FDC Green #3 (0.1%) 0.04
~' 100.00
Appearance l'ransparent
Part 1 is prepared by dissolving stearic acid in
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- glycerine at 160F.
Part 2 is prepared by dissolving soda ash in deionized
water at 160F.
Part 1 is added gradually to Part 2 with mixing and
cooled to 145 F.
Part 3 ingredients are admixed and the solution is
poured into containers and cooled to form a solid stick.
Other polyhydric alcohols can be substituted for
propylene glycol in part or in total in the above Examples, such
as ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, etc. Similarly the ethanol
can be replaced by other monohydric alcohols such as isopropyl
alcohol. Likewise, other fatty acid soaps can be substituted
for the stearate soap.
All of the sticks containing the bicarbonate have been
found to be a highly effective deodorant without the use of
bacteriostats, stable, non-stinging and non-shrinking.
Although the present invention has been described and
illustrated with reference to specific examples, it is understood
that modifications and variations of composition and procedure
are contemplated within the scope of the following claims.
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