Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~174g8
his invention relates to the manu:~acture of containers
fro~.~ paperboard c~rton bl~nks to which flexible bags are
attached to serve as rluid-containing liners rrom ~7hich the
contents can conveniently be poured O
~ or holding liquids or other fluid materials it has
heretofore been proposed to provide containers made of paperboard
and lined with a fluid-impermeable material in ~rder to provide
an inexpensive, pre~erably rectangular container that can be
easily disposed of, but various aifficulties have been encountexed
in producing, storing and readily setting up such containers
into a structure that is strong, capable of stacking, easily
opened and easily emptied, with materials compatible with t~e
contents of the container.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided
a method of making knocked down containers comprising paperboard
cartons with flexible liquid-proof liners, comprising applying
adhesive ~o successive paperboara carton blanks having a plurality
of adjacent side panels and a plurality of flaps at each end,
successively feeding the blanks tangentially and endways on past
a rotating delivery-cylinder, feeding continuous laid-flat
tubular flexible bag material lengthwisa around the periphery
. o the cylinder, ~orming said material while on the cylinder into
successive separate tubular bags each having one open and one
closed end by transverse cutting and heat sealing operations
carried out on longitudinally adjacent portions oE the material,
holding the bags against the surface of.the cylinder while it
rotates to apply the bags 1at against the adhesive on selected
panels and flaps of successive blanks as the blanks pass the
cylinder to secure the bags to the blanks, and coordinating and
.
1~74~8
alic3nin~ the delive~y of the ba~s and the delivery of the blanks
to ensure that the bags are accurately laid over said selected
panels and flaps~
The invention also extends to apparatus for making knocked
down containers comprising paperboard cartons having ~lexible
liquia-proof liners, comprising feed means for providing
successive paperboard blanks having adjacent siae panels and
ena flaps extending from the ends of tha side panels, conveyor
means to advance the blanks endways on along a path, an adhesive
applicatox adjacent said path to apply a predeterminea portion
of adhesive to selected panels and associated end flaps o~ said
blanks, a rotary delivery cylinder tangential and transverse to
said path, feed means to apply a web o~ con~inuous laid-flat
tubular bag material to the periphery of the deli~ery cylindsr,
adjacent transverse cutting.and sealing means associa~ed with
the cylinder to cut and seal successi~e ~engths o~ the bag
material into separate tubular bays each having one open and one
closed end, means to adhere the bags to the delivery cylinde~ for
rotation therewith into tangency with said blanks, the operation
of the conveyor, the web feed means, and the cutting and ~ealing
means being synchronized and aligned so that tha ba~s are laid
on the blanks so as to overlie the adhe.sive pattern applied to
said selected panels and flaps with the remaining panels ana flaps
pxojecting to either side of the bacJs.
The invention further extends to contain,ers whenever
made using the above method or apparatus.
Thus the invention extends to such a knocked down container
that can be erected into a rectangular box having a bag suitable
.~or holding and dlspensing ~luia material, comprising a paperboard
-- 2 -- .
11174~
~lank h;-~virlg Eo-lr rec~anyular sidc-Eorminy panels, Elaps pro-
truding b~ond the en~ oE the panels for clos.ing the ends of
the carton, a flexible tubular liner forming the bag and arranged
flat on the inner sur:Eaces of a p~ir of adjoining panels and
coterminous with the total width oE said pair of panels, the open
and sealed ends of the b~g pro~ruding longitudinally beyond the
ends oE said pair of panels whereby when the container is erected,
the seal closing the sealed end of the bag extends adjacent one
diagonal of ona end of the carton, and adhesive means for
attaching the bag to the blank at locations adjacent th~ ends
of the other diagona1 of said carton end, the adhesive means at
said locations being longitudinally spaced from said seal by a
distanca half the length of said other diagonal whereby the bag -
will be taut adjacent said other diagonal.
The invention further extends to such a container when
erected and filled, with the carton blank forming an outer foldea
paperboard carton, having flat rectangular ends, and the inner
flexible bag containing fluid materîal, the bag substantially
filling the carton and being affixed thereto and supported
thereb~ and having, at ons end of the carton and at a corner
thereof, an ear that can be cut open to form at said corner a
pouring spout for the fluid material, the carton being weakened
for opening at said corner for access to said ear~
The invention further extends to such a knocked down
container comprising a paperboard carton blank having four
rectangular side-forming panels, flaps protruding beyond the
ends of the panels for closing the ends of the carton, a flexible
tubular bag arranged flat on the blankO the bag and blank being
secured together around an area of one of the flaps at the end
.
-- 3 --
1~174~
of on~ of ~lc p~nels wher~by when the container is set up the
ba~ is h~ld taut across said area and can be pierced by a
pouring spout insert~d through said one of the flaps,
The inv~ntion further e~tends to such a container when
erected, the bag having an unbroken wall portion that is
adhesively held taut across an area of one of the flaps closing
one end of the carton adjacent an edge thereof,:part of said
one flap over said area constitu~ing a tab that i5 unattached to
the bag and is liftable away therefrom to expose saia taut
wall portion of the bag for piercing by a pouring spout,
The invention further extends to such a container
having at one end a pair of opposea short 1aps which when
swung together substantially cover said one end of the carton,
a second pair. of opposed flaps at said one end, the bag
having its open end protruding beyond said short flaps ana
secured to all said flaps whereby when said second pair,of
flaps are swung apa~t the bag ~raws the short flaps together
to grip the bag protruding therebe~ween and facilitate
sealing its open end, after which the ~ . . . ~ . . . . . .
1~174g8
flaps of said second pair can be closed over said end of the
carton
The inventic,n will now ~e described by way of example
with reference to the accompanyin~ drawings which illustrate
pre~erred embodiments of the invention and in which:
Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically apparatus fox applying
adhesive to paperboard carton blanks, for fonming bags from
t~bular liner material, and for assembling the blanks and bags;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through parts of the
apparatus of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 show~ diagrammatically the folding and gluing
of an assembled blank and bag in fonming a container therefrom;
~ig. 4 shows the carton blanX with the tubular bag
correctly positioned thereon;
Fig. 5 shows one of the stages in folding the blank;
Fig. 6 shows the container erected or set up, but
with the ends of the carton open;
Fig~ 7 shows the container with one en~ of the carton
closed;
Fig. 8 shows the other open end of the carton with the
bag ready for filling;
~ Fig. 9 ~hows the same end as in Fig. 8 but with the
bag filled and sealed;
Fig. 10 shows the container filled and closed;
Fig. 11 shows how the container can be op~ned from the
end shown closed in Fig. 7;
Fig. 12 shows another carton blank with a tubular bag
correctly positioned thereon tparts of the bag being cut away
for clarity of illustration);
Fig. 13 shows a container formed from the blank and
1117498
~ag of F;g. 12, with the ends of the caxton ~pen;
Fig. 14 shows the container of Fig. 13 during a stage
of closing and sealing one end of the carton;
Fig. 15 is a longitudinal section through the fully
closed end of the container of Fig. 14;
Fig. 16 is a longitudinal section sLmilar to Fig. 14
but showing a pouring spout insertad into the container;
Fig. 17 show~ the container of Figure 16 with the
pouring spout inserted;
Fig. 18 shows the pouring spout;
Fig. 19 shows another carton blank with a tubular bag
positioned thereon (parts of the bag being cut away);
Fig. 20 shows a container formed from the blank and bag
of Fig. 19;
Fig. 21 shows another carton blank, the position occupied
by a liner when laid flat thereon being indicated by broken lines;
Fig. 22 shows the carton blank of Fig. 21 with a liner
laid thereon and illustrates one way of sealing an end of the liner;
Fig. 23 shows the carton blank and liner of Fig 22
erected into a container having one end open for filling; and
Fig . ~4 shows th~ container of Fig. 23 arranged for
sealing the open end of the liner,
~ he carton blank 10 shown in Fig. 4 consists of a sheet
o paperboard (which term as used herein include~ corrugated or
uncorrugated boara) that has been cut and creased in a die (not
~hown) to define four rec~angular side-forming panels 11, 12, 13
and 14, with flaps lla, 12a, 13a and 14a protruding beyond the
ends of the panels for closing what will ultimately be the flat
top end of a carton, and flaps llb, 12b, 13b and 14b protruding
-- 6 --
1~174~
beyond the oppos ite ends of the panels for closing what wilL
ultimately be the flat bottom end of the carton. The flaps
lla and 12a ~re rectangular and are scored along lines 15',
15'' which will ultimately coincide with a diagonal 15 of the
upper end of the carton (Fig. 7)0 The flaps 13a and 14a are
approximately triangular, tenminating with their hypotenuse~
along lines 15''' and 15iV which will also ultLmately coincide
with the diagonal 15. Along the crease that separates the
flap lla from panel 11 the blank is weakened by a perforated
line 16 that deviates downwardly at 17, adjacent what will be
a corner of the carton, to foxm a tab, and then continues at
18 along the crease that separates the flap 12a from panel
12. The panel 14 has a narrow flap 14c along its free edge,
and within the body of each panel 13 and 14 is a flap l9 de-
fined by a straight crease line l9a and a curved perforated
line l9b to form a handle, as seen in Fig. 11. (For simplicity
the flaps 19 have not been shown in Figs. l and 3.) Applied
to the central panels 12 and 13 of the blank lO is a first
widthwise line of adhe~ive 20 which extends along what will
be the top end of the carton, and another ~uch adhesive line
21 i~ applied near the opposite end. The line 20 crosse~ the
juncture of panels 12 and 13 at "x~ which will form one corner
o the carton.
A flexible liner 30 is laid flat on tbe blank 10 as
shown in Fig. 4, over the adhesive lines 20, 21 to which it
adheres. The liner is of material suitable for holding liquids,
the material of the liner being chosen 80 as to be impermeable
to the liquid that it is to hold. The liner illustrated may
be a transparent polyethylene bag having a transverse seal 31
1~174g8
at one end and open at its other end 32. The bag material
is of course chosen to suit the liquid or granular or other
fluid material that the bag is to contain. Tl~e ~ag is laid
over the central panels 12 and 13 and, when flat, is coter-
minous with the total width of these adjoining panels, pro-
truding beyond the ends of the panels over ~he flaps 12a, 13a
and 12b, 13b but not beyond the longitudinal extremities of
the flaps. As will be seen, the longitudinal distance "d"
between the seal 31 and the adhe~ive line 20 (coincident with
the crease line 18) mus~ be at least half the length of the
diagonal 15, ~a~ being equal to the distance between point
"x", where adhesive line 20 crosses the juncture of panels
12 and 13, and point "z" spaced lonyi~udinally from "x" on
seal 31. The other end 32 o the bag must protrude beyond
the adhesive line 21 ~ufficiently far to have ade~uate material
to close the end 32 once the bag has been filled. On the
flaps 12b, 13b are spo~s of adhesive 33 which detachably ~ecure
the bag to these ~lapsO
Appaxatus for producing the knocked down container of
Fig. 4 is illustrated in Fig. 1. Carton blanks 10 that have
been GUt~ creased and perforated, re~dy for gluing, are
stacked in a feed tray 34 from which a rotary combing device
35 of conventional type delivers the blanks in succession to
a conveyor 36. The blanks pass below a rotary gluer 37 which
applies the adhesive lines 20, 21 and spots 33, to each blank,
as for example by means of raised elements 20', 21', 33' (~ig.
2) which are supplied with glue from a pot 38 by rollers 39,. 40.
~ he blanks travel, adhesive line 20 leading~ under a
xotating ~elIvery cy~inder 41 of a machine 42 which makes
-- 8 --
1~1749~
the ba~s 30 and p~sitions them accurately on the blanks. To
hold t:he blanX 10 on the conveyor 36 the l~t-ter may be per-
~orated and have a vacuum box (not shown) under it. The
machine 42 is basically a known machine for laying windows
over openings incarton blanks (for example, a Model Triple
A window machine made by International Paper Box Machine
Company of Nashua, N H., U.S.A.), but with important modi-
fications described below. From a spool 43 extruded, seamless
tubular bag stocX 30' passes continuously between driven feed
rolls 44, over an idler roll 45 and around a bob roll 46 onto
the combiner cylinder 41, the latter being perforate as at
41a, with vacuum applied to the interior o the cylinder through
a line 41b so that the material 30' clings to the combiner
cylinder without blousing as the cylinder rotates. (For
simplicity on illustration, the perfora~ions 41a are not shown
in Fig. 2). Electrostatic proper~ies.of the tubular material
30' may also help in holding it against the cylinder. Above
the combiner cylinder is a cutting and sealing cylinder 47
having rings 48 which retain an elongated knife 49 and an adjacent
electrical heating bar 50 that register on each revolution of the
cylinders with a longitudinal anvil 51 on the combiner cylinder~
The tubular material 30' is fed between the cylinders 41, 47
and the knife 49 servers the tubular stock 30' (thus forming the
open end 32 of a bag 30), and, substantially coincidentally,
the heating bar 50 forms the transverse seal 31 in a straight
line jiust behind the line of severance~
_ g _
1~17498
To ensure that successive bags are
~paed apart by the same amount as the successive blanks 10
on conveyor 36, after a bag has been separated from the
material 30' by the knife 49 the bob roll 46 is swung to the
broken line position 46', drawing the sealed, free end of
the material 30' away from the severed end of the just com-
pleted bag 30, this being accomplished by a roller 52 which
which runs on a cam 53 of cylinder 47, the roller 52 and bob
roll 46 being at opposite ends of a rocker 54 that pivots
about the axis of idler 45. Successive bag lengths are
severed on successive rotations of cylinder 47. The bags
travel with their sealed ends leading. ~he feeding of blanks
10 is coordinated with the spacing between bags formed at
the delivéry- cylinder to bring the bags precisely into the
position shown in Fig. 4 as the ~ags pass under the delive~y
cylinder and are pressed thereby against the adhesive lsnes
20, 21 and spots 33 on the blanks 10. It is to be noted that
the bags cover the adhesive lines 20, 21 and spots 33, these
being the only adhesive areas on the blank, so that no ad-
hesive is transferred to the mechanism~ that contact theblank.
The machine 42 can assemble a bag 30 and carton blank
10 on each revolution of the cylinder 41. The machine can be
wide enough to run two parallel spools of material 30' and
to handle two parallel lines of carton blanks, thus doubling
its per hour output so that a production of at least six
thousand knocked down units per hour can be achieved. These
flat units are devoid of exposed adhesive areas and if desired
can be stacked for further processin~ as needed. Alternatively,
1~17498
the ~nits may continue, as shown diagra~iunatically in Fig.3
to be folded for setting up into containers.
Yig. 3 illustrates the operations of a straight-
line folder-gluer of conventional type. Knocked down con-
tainers consisting of carton blanks 10 with bags 30 affixed
thereto enter at the right hand end of Fig. 3, and are folded
about the crease 123 between panels 12 and 13, to break this
crease, the panels 11 and 12 being laid over the panels 13 and
14 and then returned to their oxiginal position. Then gluing
meons, for example rollers 50, apply adhesive to both the upper
and lower sides of the edge flap 14c. Thus, a line of ~d-
hesive 60 is applied to the upper side of flap 14c. Another-
spot of glue 59 is applied to end flap 14b by a glue spotter
(not shown). As a first step in settin~ up the container, the
panel 14, having the flap 14c is folded over the flat liner 30,
as also shown in Fig. 5, so that the adhesive line 60 (on the
underside of flap 14c as seen in Fig. 5) adheres to the liner,
as does the adhesive spot 59~ It is important that the adhesive
line 60 terminates at one end at the distance "d" from the
seal 31 (Fig. 5). At the other end the line 60 terminates at
60b, level with the adhe~ive line 21. With flap 14c in the
position shown in Fig. 5, there is exposed adhesive 61 covering
the other side of flap 14c. The panel 11 is then folded over,
shown at the left hand end of Fig~ 3, to lie upon and adhere
to the adhesive 61 on edge flap 14c. At this stage, the
knocked down containers might be stored for subsequent use,
but if they are to ~e filled immediately they can proceed to
a conventional erecting mechanism (not shown) which erects
the carton to the rectangular box condition shown in Fig. 6.
45~8
In the set up condition of Fig. 6, the bag seal 31
runs generally diagonally o the box from adjacent the corner
tab 17, and the bag has been stretched taut along a line 15
adjacent the other diagonal of the box. Tautness along line
v is ensured by the fact that each half o~ the line 15v
(i.e. the distance between each corner "x" and the midpoint
"zl of seal line 31) represents the distance "d" of Figs. 4
and 5, one half being from the seal 31 to the adhesive line
20 adjacent one end of the diagonal, and the other half being
from the seal 31 to the adhesive line 60, adjacent the other
end of the diagonal 15 of the carton, the adhesive line 60
being on the flap 14c which joins the two sides 11 and 14 of
the c~rton.
Although the bag is taut along the line 15v of Fig. 6,
the remainder of the closed end of the bag forms a pair o
corners or ears 70 of material that is surplus in the sense
that it must be pressed or folded into the carton when the
flaps lla, 12a, 13a and 14~ are later closed to the positions
shown in Fig. 7 where they fon~ a su~stantially flat container
end. As will later appear, the provision of the ~enerally
conical ear 70 at the openable corner 17 of the carton i5 use-
ful in dispensing the contents of the container.
The flaps 14a, 12a, 13a and lla are closed in that
~equence, adhesive being applieæ as they are laid one upon
another. Flap 14a, as it is closed, p~esses downwardly the
ear 70 adjacent to it, but because flap 14a tenminates along
hypotenuse 15iV the other ear 70 is not pushed away by flap
14a but i~ left in a position to be pressed down by the next
flap to be closed, namely, 12a. Referring to Fig. 8, which
- 12 -
1117~
shows the container of E~i~. 7 in~iert~d, it is to be noted~hat the unsealed end 32 of the bag w~s pulled open in e~ecting
the container, because the longitudinal adhesive line 60
pulls one side of the bag away from the opposite side wbich
adheres to the lines 20, 21, the complete opening of end 32
being ensured by the spots of glue 33, 59 which hold the ba~
to the flaps 12b, 13b and 14b adjacent the unsealed end 32 of
the bag.
~he s~uaring up of the carton require~ the sealed end
of the bag to draw inwardly towards the open end 32, the bag
portions in Fig. 6 between each corner "x" and the bag seal
at "z" having ~oved through ninety degrees from their po~itions
in Fig. 4, and the seal 31 having twisted downwardly at "z" to
form the ears 70 which extend upwardly at angles of about
forty-five degrees from "z". The fact that end 32 opens fully
ensures that air pressures within and outside the bzg are
equal so that there is no air pressure differential tending to
pull the bag out of place as the carton is set up. The con-
tainers may be stored in the condition shown in Fig. 8, with
the bag ends 32 open, or they may be immediately filled with
liquid or other flowable material. The open end 32 i5 then
closed and, if necessary, sealed as by a transverse seal 72
as shown in Fig. 9. When the end 32 is closed it is pulled
- ~way from the glue spots 33, 59 which were provided to ensure
opening of the end 32. The ~laps llb, l?b~ 13b and 14b are
then folded and glued down (the order is immaterial) to form
a second flat closed end for the container, as seen in Fig. 10.
Such a container is light in weight, and having flat sides
and ends it can be stacked and packed tightly with other ~uch
- 13 -
~1~7~8
cont~inersO The hypotenuses of the triangular flaps 13a,
14a lie along the diagonal 15 which is coincident with the
taut diagonal 15v 0~ the inner bag 30~ BecauSe the carton
is weakened along the tab 17 at one corner, the container can
ea~lily be opened by pressing the tab 17 inwardly and tearing
the flaps lla, 12a along the perforated lines 16 and 18,
folding these two flaps back along the ~core lines 15' and
15''. (Fig. 11), the hypotenuse of flap 13a serving as a
fulcrwm. One of the ears 70 is thereby exposed) and it can
be pulled out and cut open as at 70a to serve as a pouring
spo~t for dispensing the contents of the container. As indi-
cated in ~ig. 11, the flaps 19 can be pressed inwardly with
the fingers by freeing them along the perforated lines l9b,
thereby providing recesses whereby the container can be
gr~sped when pouring its contents from the spout opening ~Oa.
The inwardly swinging flaps 19 protect the inner bag from being
perforated by the finger nails. The adhesive lines 20, 21 and
60 are spaced from the flaps 19 and consequently the bag can
flex when the flaps are pre9sed inwardly. The bag defor~s
particularly easily adjacent the flap 19 of panel 14 beca~se
the adhesive lineo 20 and 21 do not extend onto pane~ 14.
The bag 30 fits snugly into the carton 10 because its
transverse dimensions are the same as the transverse dimen-
sions of the interior of the carton, and the bag walls axe
pulled closely against the walls of the carton because the
~dhesive lines 20 and 21 affix the bag to two sides of the
carton and the adhesive line 60 pulls the bag against the
other two sides of the carton as the container is erected,
the vertical adhesive line 60 on the inturned flap 14c being
14
- 1~174~8
diagonally opposite the center points of the ho~izontal ~d-
hesive lines 20 and 21. The line 20 could be spaced slightly
from the end~ of panels 12~ 13 if it is desired to reduce th~
amount by which the spout can protrude from the carton when
it is opened, but the distance "d" must be maintained between
the seal 31 and the line 200 The adhesive line 21 is spaced
upwardly from the bottom of the carton sufficiently to make
room for the end 32 of the bag when it has been closed; a
spacing of about half an inch is satisactory~ ~he end 60b
of the adhesive line 60 is ~imilarly spaced upwardly to ensure
that no undue tension is applied to the bag material. The
bag and the carton can be completely filled, the carton pro-
viding physical support for the flexible bag and its contents.
The adhesive lines 20, 21 and 60 prevent the bag from collaps-
ing when its contents are poured out, but it would be possible
to employ an adhesive which allows the bag to release from its
attachments to the carton and thus deflate as it is emptied.
(~o achieve this one might wish to use a bag material which
is slightly pervious to the contents of the bag, and by using
an adhesive which loses its effectiveness when exposed to such
contents) The adhesive line 20 extends close to the tab~ed
corner 17 to affix the bag to the carton adjacent that corner
and thus prevent collap~e of the pouxing spout, though the
ear 70 is not itself af fixed to the carton. If any dif f iculty
should be encountered in pouring out the contents of the bag,
the other ear 70 can be exposed and opened to provide ingress
for air or to serve as a second spout.
The bag 30 may consist of a laminzte of nylon (forming
the outside of the bag, and used for its strength and barrier
111~45~8
qualities) and polyethylene (used at the inside for its heat
sealability). The adhesive used must be compatible with the
bag material which it engages. It i-~ not necessary to use
an adhesive that remains tacky, the described ~ethod making
it unnecessar~ to apply adhesive a substantial time before
it is ~sed.
Another container made according to the method of the
present invention is illustxated in Figs. 12 to 17. In this
embodiment, a flat p~perboard carton blank 110, of corrugated
or uncorrugated board, has been cut and creased to define four
rectangular panels 111, 112, 113, 114 having rectangular
flaps llla, 112a, 113a, 114a respectively protruding beyond
one end and rectan~ular flaps lllb, 112b, 113b, 114b af the
other. The end ~laps are provided for closing what will
ultimately be flat rectangular end~ of the erected container.
The panel 111 has a narrow flap lllc along its free edge.
On the adjoining central panels 112, 113 are a pair of width-
wise lines of adhesive, a first 120 extending along the ends
from which the flaps 112a, 113a protrude, and a second 121
extending near the opposite ends of the central panels. The
line of adhesive 120 crosses the juncture of panels 112 and
113 at "x" which will form one c~rner of the erected container
The line 120 is extended at 120a, 120b, onto the end flap 113a,
and has an oppositely directed extension 113d. Spots of
adhesive 133 are provided on the flaps 112bJ 113~ to serve
the same purpose as the spots 33 of the first e~bod~ment. The
adhesive so far described may be the only adhesive that is
applied to the blanX 110 before a liner bag 130 is laid upon
it, the bag adhering to the adhesive and covering it so that
- 16 -
~74~
the resuL~ant knocked down eontainer may be st~cked on similarknocked down containers without a~3hering thereto.
The liner bag 130 i5 formed from an extruded tube of
material suitable for holding liquids, for example polyethylene-
nylon coextruded film tube, the material being chosen so as to
be Lmpermeable to the liquid~ granular or othe; fluid material
that it is to hold. Such flexible bags 130 may be formed a~d
laid accurately on successive blanks 110 travelling on a con-
veyor as described with reference to Fig. 1. The bag illustrated
ha~ a transverse seal 131 at one end and is open at its other
end 132. It is laid flat over the central panels 112 and 113
and is coterminous with the total width of these adjoining
panels, protruding beyond the ends of the panels but not beyond
the longitudinal extremeties of the flaps, so that the bag is
protected against fouling in container erecting, filling and
closing apparatus. The longitudinal distance "d" between the
seal 131 and the adhesive line 120 is at least equal to half
the length of a diagonal o an end of the erected container.
The other end 132 of the bag must protrude beyond the adhesive
line 121 ~ufficiently far to have adequate material to close
the end 132 once the bag has been filled.
For erection of the knocked down container of Fig. 12,
the container may travel on a straight-line folder-gluer, the
container preferably travelling with the sealed end 131 of the
liner bag leading. Xn the gluer a spot of glue 159 is applied
to end flap 114b, and adhesive is applied to both sides of the
edge flap lllc~ ~hus, a line of adhesive 160 is applied to
the upper side of flap lllc. As a first step in erecting the
container, the panel 111 is folded over the flat liner 130
- 17 -
- 1~174~3
and the panel 112 so that ~h~ adhesive line 160 a~heres to the
liner, one end of the adhesive line 160 being the same distance
"d" from the seal 131 as the adhesive line 120 is at point "x",
the other end of the adhesive line 160 being the same distance
from the open end 132 as the line 121. The panel 114 is then
folded over the liner and panel 113, and overlies and adheres
to the gLued side of flap lllc opposi~e to the side carrying
adhesive line 160. At this stage the knocked down container~
- might be stacked and stored or shipped for subse~uent use, but
if they are to be ~illed immediately they can proceed to a
conventional erecting mechanism which erects them to the
rectangular box condition shown in Pigure 13.
In the erected condition of Figure 13, the bag seaL
131 extends generally diagonally of the end of the box, and
the bag has been stretched taut along a line 115V at the other
diagonal of the box end. Tautness along the diagonal line 115V
is ensured if each half of the line 115V (i.e. tbe shortest
distance between seal line 131 and the diagonal through corner
"x") represents the distance "d" of Figure 1, one half being
from the seal 131 to the adhesive line 120 at one en* o tbe
diagonal 115V and the other half beLng from the seal 131 to the
adhesive line 160 at the o~her end of the diagonal llsv, the
adhesi~e line 160 being on the flap lllc which joins the two
sides 111, 114 of the erected container~ Although the bag is
taut along the line 115V of Figure 2, the remainder of the
closed end of the bag forms a pair of generally conical corner~
or ears 170 adjacent corners of the paperboard carton.
Part of the ear 170 is adhesively affixed to the end flap 113a
a~ more fully set forth below, but the other eax 170' is free
- 18 -
l~i74~8
o f the end fl~ps and, w}~en th~ cont~iner has been filled andclosed, may be exposed and cut to serve as a pouring ear~
In the erecting of the cont2iner the unsealed end 132
of the liner bag is pulled open, because the longitudinal ad-
hesive line ]60 pulls one side of the bag away from the opposite
side which adheres to the lines 120,121, the complete opening
of end 132 being ensured by the spots of glue 133, 159 which
hold the bag to the flaps 112b, 113b adjacent the unsealed end
132 of the bag, ~he squaring up of the container requires the
sealed end of the bag to draw inwardly to the diagonal llSv.
The fact that the end 132 opens fully ensures that air pressures
within and outside the bag are equal ~o that there is no air
pressure differential tending to pull the bag out of place as
the container is erected.
The end flap 1l3a of the carton blank has, at the end
of panel 113, a rectangular tab portion 300 which is devoid of
adhesive and i~ surrounded by a line of perforations so that
portion 300 can without difficulty be removed as described here-
inafter. ~he portion 300 is surrounded by adhesive, namely by
the line 120 on panel 113, by lines 120a along the sides of
portion 300, and by a line 120b along the edge of portion 300
remote from panel 113. When the bag 130 is laid on the blank
110 the bag adheres to all the~e lines of adhesive, and when
the carton is set up (Fig. 13) part of one of the ears 170 of
the bag is affixed, at the side adjacent flap 113a, around the
removable portion 300, without being attached to the removable
portion. Where the adhesive lines 120a and 120b meet they have
a corner bevel 120c corresponding to a line that the ear 170
can adhere to without rupture when the carton is set up. This
-- 19 -- .
~i~74~8
bevel 120c in Fig. 12 coincides ~ith an imaginary 5 ~raight
line drawn from "x",which will constitu~e a corner of the set-
up carton, to the ~ag corner apex "y". As will be seen, the
remova~le portion 300 has a width (measured along the line 120)
cor~esponding to that of an in~ertable pourin~ spout. If this
width is so great that it i5 difficult to ac~ieve a firn bond
of the bag to the flap 113a around the entire portion 300, be-
cause of the lLmitation imposed by the ~evel 120c, it may be
necessary to space the bag ~eal 131 a greater distance than "d"
from the corner "x", thus raising "y" and increasing the slope
of the bevel 120c to ensure that the bag is firmly held taut
acro6s the area of the portion 300.
The area 120b i~ divid~d by parallel perfoxations into
finger~ 301, bes~ ~een in Fig. 14, which abut the portion 300
at their free end~, at the side of portlon 300 oppo~ite from
line 120 and thus spaced from what will be the edge of the
carton at the top of carton side 113. These fLngers can be
deflected downwardly to facilitate smooth and easy penetration
of the container by a pouring spout, as described later.
. With the c~rton set up a~ in Fig. 13, the flaps 112a,
114a, 113a and llla axe folded in, in that order, to close one
end.of the container. The flap 112a ha5 a rectangular portion
202 removed, of a size snugly to receive an insertable pouxing
spout, and also large enough to enable the flap 112a to be cl~sed
down at the end of the container without pulling the bag ear
170 away f rom its adhes ion to the lines 120a, 120b of f lap 113~ .
~he flap 114a h~s a ~iMilar cutou~ poxtion 204, and the flap
114a is folded down and laid on the upper surf ace o~ f lap 112a
to which adhes ive has been applied by conventional means . Flap
- 2~ -
.
1~174~8
1].3a is th~n laid down on the upper) adhe~ive coated surface
of f.lap 114a, and thus overlies the 1aps 114a and 112a save
where the bag ear 170 is affixed /~o the flap 113a~ On the
uppe!r side of flap 113a, as seen in Fig. 14, is a rectangular
varnished area 302 which includes and is slightly larger than
the fingers 301, and adhe~ive applied to attach the flap llla
to fl2p 113a i~ effective at all areas except 302. Thus, a
lifting tab 400 on the flap llla is adhered to the portion 300
of flap 113a but not to the fingers 301, the tab 400 overlying
both the portion 300 and the fingers 301. With the flaps folded
down the rectangular upper end of the container is flat as
illustrated in Fig. 15, the bag ear 170 being located in the
cut-away areas 202, 204 of flaps 112a, 114a, and this ear
being held taut under the xemovable portion 300 by the adhesive
which surrounds the latt~r in the areas 120a, 120b of flap 113a
and along the line 120 of side wall 113. The bag 130 can be
filled from the other, open end 132. After filling, the end
132 of the bag is pulled away from the glue spots 133, 159 and
sealed in any desired way, and the flaps lllb, 112b, 113b and
114b are closed and adhered together to co~plete the other
rectangular flat end of the container. The resultant closed
container is light in weight, and having flat sides and ends
it can be stacked and packed tightly with other such containels~
~he ~ag 130 f its snugly into the carton 110 because its trans-
verse d ~lension are the s~me as the transverse dimensions of
the interior of the carton, and the bag ~alls are pulled closely
against the walls of the carton because the adhesive lines 120
and 121 affix the bag to two s ides of the carton and the ad-
hesive line 160 pulls the bag against the other two sides of
- 21 -
11174g8
the carton a~ the container is erected, ~he vertical adhesiveline 160 on the inturned flap lllc being diagonally opposite
the center points of the horizontal adhesive lines 120 and 121.
Tht~ flexible ear 170~ tucks easily into one end of the container~
The adhesive line 121 i~ spaced from the end of the carton
sufficiently to make roo~ for the end 132 of the bag when it
has been closed. The termination of the adhesive line 160 at
tbe same level as line 121 ensures that no undue tension is
applied to the bag material. The bag and the carton can be
completely filled, the carton providing physical support for the
flexible bag and its contents. The adhe~ive lines 120, 12L and
160 may prevent the bag from collapsing when its contents are
poured out, but for some application, e.g., where the liner
~ag is filLed with oil, it may be desirable to use lines of
adhesive that are insu~ficient to prevent the bag from coll~ps-
ing when its contents are poured out, collapse o~ the bag
facilitating the emptying of the container.
The container can be opened in a manner si~ilar to the
one illustrated in Fig. 11, by opening the corner of the con-
tainer at the juncture of walls 111, 112, thus exposing ths
bag ear that is not attached to flap 113a, and for this purpose
a lifting tab can be provided si~ilar to the tab 17 of Fig. 11.
The exposed bag ear can then be cut open.
The preferred mode of opening the container of Fig. 15
is shown in Fig~. 16 and 17, using a metal~pouring spout shown
in Fig. 18~ This spout 500 is the same as a conventional oil
can spout except that instead of having a curved guide to fit
a cylindrical can it has a rectangular guide 501 that matches
the configuration of the container and slides snugly thereover
- 22 ~
11174~8
~s seen in Fic~. 17. The spout has a curved pouring neck 502
that extends through the guide 501 and merges with a bayonet
having a curved, piercing tip 502 from which a pair o~ f}anges
503 diverge upwardly, the flanges having openings 504 there-
through. (The distance between the flanges 503 at the guide
501 e~uals the di~meter of the neck 502 at the guide and is
hexein referred to as the width of the pouring spout.) The fir~t
step in opening the container is to lift the ta~ portion 400,
thus lifting the removable tab portion 300 attached thereto.
It will be noted from Fig. 12 that the portion 300 extends
slightly into panel 113 so that when the carton is set up its
extension forms a small protruding lip 300a (Fig. 15) beneatb
which one can insext one's fingernail to lift portions 300 and
400 With these lifted, the ear 170 is exposed, stretched
taut over the opening left by the portion 300, where ear 170 is
easily pierced by the tip 502 of the bayonet, The fingers 301
are also exposed, since the varnish on their upper surfaces
prevented them from being attached to, and thus l~fted with,
the tab 400, and as the spout is pushed downwardly the fingers
301 are depressed by the flanges 503 into the container, the
flanges engaging first the middle fingers and then the outer
ones. These easily flexed fingers cause little resistance to
the downward progress of the spout, so that only slight pres-
sure is required to press the spout to the fully inserted
position shown in Figs. 16 and 17. Because the spout is so
easily inserted, it is not necessary to gra~p and squeeze the
container as the spout is pressed down. To squeeze the con-
tainer would of course tend to force its contents upwardly as
the spout i5 inserted, causing spillage The guide 501 assists
- 23 -
~17498
in positioning the spout on the container and ensures that when
the container is inverted its contents all flow out the neck
502~ The wall 113 ma~ be provided with a line of weakness 113c
to enable the wall ~o bulge easily behind the bayonet, the ex-
t~nsion of the glue line 120, at 113d, ensuring that the ba~ 130
is not dislodged from the carton wall, and also reinforcing the
bag against leakage.
The cxoss-sectional size of the pouring spout (ignoring
the guide 501) approximates the cutout portions 202 and 204 of
the flaps 112a, 114a, and the combined area o the removable
portion 300 and the fingers 301, so that the spout fits snugly
into the container.
In the containexs described above, the bag is attached
to the carton at and adjacent to the points "x" of ~igs. 4 and
12, and thus at a corner in which no ear 70 or 170 of the bag
is nested when the container is set up. The attachment of the
bag to this corner o~ the carton can be used for an alternative
mode of opening the container, ~s can be most easily described
by reference to the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 19 and 20.
In this embodiment a carton blank 610 con~ists o~ rectangular
panels 611, 612, 613, 614 having flaps 611a, 612a, 613a, 614a
at one end and flaps 611b, 612b, 613b, 614b At the other. A
line of adhesi~e 620 is applied on the panels 612, 613 alon~
the cxease line separating these panels from the fl~ps 612a,
613a, the line 620 being extended downwardly as at 620d at the
juncture of the panels 612 and 613. Another adhesive line 621
crosses panels 612 and 613 near their other end. Spots of
adhesive 633 are applied tn flaps 612b, 613b, and a bag 630 is
fo~med and laid over the central panels 612J 613 and pàrts of
~4
4~8
their end flaps by the apparatus of Fig. 1, the bag having a
sealed end 631 and an open end 632. As before, the sealed end
631 is located the distance "d' from point "x" at the juncture
of panels 612, 613. Both panels 611 and 614 are providoa with
edge flaps 611c and 614c respectively. When the carton is to
be set up~ the side of flap 614c seen in Fig. 19 is covered
with adhesive, a spot of adhesive 659 is applied to end flap
611b, and both sides of edge flap 611c are coated with adhesive,
but the adhesive on the side of flap 611c ~een in Fig. 19 ter-
minates at 611d level with the lower edge of adhesive line 621.
Panel 611 is folded over panel 612 so that 1ap 611c and spot
659 adhered to the bag 630, and then panel 614 is folded over
panel 613 to adhere to flap 611c, and flap 614c also adhexes to
panel 611 and overlies it as seen in FigO 20 which shows the
exected container. ~he end flaps 611a, 613a, 614a, and 612a are
folded down and glued together in that order, the bag 630 is
- iiIled from its open end 632, and then the bag is pulled away
from the spots 633, 659 and closed, and the end flaps 611b, 6l2b~
613b, 614b are closed and glued together.
In the ~et-up container tha bag is taut along a dia!gonal
of the upper end of the container extending from the cornex -xu
to the upper end of the flap 611c, the adhesive at the ends of
this diagonal ~eing spaced from the bag seal 631 by the distance
"d". The line of adhesive 620 secures the bag to the carton
along the upper edges of the panels 612 and 613, and adjacent
corner "x" these panels are weakened by a perforated line that
extends at 616 for a short distance along the crease between
panel 612 and flap 612a, the deviates downwardly as at 617 to
form a tab portion at the juncture of panels 612, 613, and than
- 25 -
~'i'4~
~xtends at 618 or a short distance along the crease between
panel 613 and flap 613a. From the outer ends of perforated
lines 616 and 618 two crease lines ol5 define triangular corner
portions of the end flaps 612a, 613a, corresponding in size to
txiangular corner portions that are remaved from end flaps 611a
and 614a along lines 615'. When the container is set up, the
lines 615, 615' coincide and form a fulcrum about which the
corner of the container can be opened by pushing in the tab
portion above line 617 and lifting the tab portion and the
10 triangular corner portions of flaps 612a, 613a. It is to be
n~ted that the bag is adhered to the carton both above and below
the line 617, and when the tab portion is pushed in and lifted
the part of the bag attached to it tears along the lines 616~
617, 618, so that the con~ents of the container can be poured
over the lip formed at the juncture of panels 612 and 613. The
additional adhesive area 620d is provided to ensure that the
bag remains affixed to the carton below the pouring lip, to
prevent bleed ing or leakage o the contents of the bag and con-.
sequent weakening of the paperboard. To facilitate gr~sping
20 the container for pouring, flaps 619 can be pre~sed inwardly in
the panels 611 and 614 about crease lines 619a, the fl~ps 619
being de~ined by these crease lines and by perforated lines 619b.
~he carton can be gripped in one hand by pressing one flap 619
inwardly with the fingers and the other flap 619 with the th~b,
the flaps guarding the baq against puncture by the fingernails,
The edge ~laps 611c and 614c reinforce the carton along the e~e
where it is gripped, opposite the coxner "x".
The container of Figs. 21 to 24 peDmits alternati~Te
mode~ of sealing the liner bag~ The paperboard blank 710 of
- 26 -
4~8
Fig~ 21 has four rec~angular side-forming panels 711, 712~ 713,
714, with end flap~ 711.a, 712a, 713a~ 714a protruding at one end,
and end flaps 711b, 712b, 713b, 714b, protruding at the other,.
The fl.aps 711a, 713a are slightly less than half flaps J shorter
than the full end closure flaps 712a, 714a, although flap 712a is
partly cut away ~o fonm a recess at 702. A flexible tubular liner
730 i~ laid flat over the adjoining central panels 712, 713, the
ends of the liner being indicated in ~ig 21 by broken lines 732
733. The 1at liner is coterminous with the total width of the
pair of panels 712, 713 but protrude beyond both ends thereof ~nd
co~ers and adheres to the following adhesi~e-coated are~s of the
blank 710:
(1) A first width-wise line of adhesive 720 adjacent the
panel ends fro~ which flaps 712a, 713a protrude.
(2) ~wo lines oE adhesive 720a along the sides of a re-
mo~able tab portion 300 of the end flap 713a.
(3) A transverse line of adhesive 720b along the edge of
tab portion 300 xemote from panel 713 and covexing deflectable
fingers 30} defined, like the ta~ portiDn 300, by perforations
which weaken the flap 713a.
(4) A widened portion 720d of adhesive line 720 along the
end of 8 ide-forming panel 713 adjacent the removable flap portion
300, this adhesive 720d on the panel, together with the adhesive
720a, 720b on the flap 713a,surrounding the line of perforations
which defines the flap portion 300
(5) A second width-wise line of ad~esive 721 adjacent the
opposite ends of the pair of panels 712, 713.
(6) A triangular patch of adhesive 722 on the end flap 712a,
the base of said patch being along the fold line of flap 712a.
- 27 -
1~.174~
(7) Spo~s 723 of adhesive near the four corners of theend flap 713a.
It is to be noted that both ends 732, 733 of the liner,
indiczted in Fig. 21, are supported by end flaps of the carton
blank, the flaps 712a, 712b, 713b protruding beyond the ends of
the liner to avoid fouling the latter in apparatus used to set
up, fill and seal the container. However, in order to achieve
ultimately the condition shown in Fig. 24, the end 732 of the
liner protxudes further than the half flaps 713a, 711a. If it
is desired to stack and store the knocked down containers of Fig.
21 no adhesive will be applied to areas that are not covered by
the liner, but during erection of the containers they will be
passed through a folder-gluer which applies adhesive to both
sides o an end flap 711c of panel 711, and which also applies
spots of adhesive 724 near the four corners of the end flap 711a,
and a spot of adhesive 725 near the center of end flap 714a.
The end 733 of the tubular liner may be provided with
a transverse seal 731 before the liner is laid on the carton
blank, ollowing the procedure disclosed in Fig. 1, but an al-
20 ternative (though not preferred) procedure is indicated in Fig.22. According to this alternative procedure, neither end of the
liner is sealed when it is laid on the carton blank~ but, on
subsequent passage of the knocked down container through a folder-
gluer, deflectors on the latter may deflect the end flaps 711b,
712b, 713b, 714b downwardly as shown in Fig. 22, the end 733 of
the liner 730 being gripped and sealed along a line 731 by, or
example, hot rotary knives 740. The seal 731 is spaced from the
adhesive line 721 by at least the distance "d" (Fig. 21), i.e.,
half the length of a diagonal of an end of the container when
- 28 -
1~174~8
erected. The liner bag has corners 770 ad~acent the seal 731,and when the container is squared up to form a rectangul~r box
as ~;hown in Fig. 23, with the bottom flaps 711b, 712b, 713b,
714b closed, the corners 770 form ears at corners of the container
bottom. The latter corners may be provided with lines of weakness
to facilitate tearing them open for access to the bag corners 770
80 that the latter may pop out and be cut to act as pouring spouts
in a manner similar to that previou~ly described. The adhesive
line 721 may be spaced slightly from the ends of the side-forming
panels 712, 713, as shown in Fig 21, to provide a small space
at the end of the container for the folding in of these bag ears
770, but, when the ears are folded in, the liner bag completely
fills the carton into the corners thereof.
Given the container as it emerges ~rom the operation
illustrated in Fig. 22, the flaps 711b, 712b, 713b, 714b are
restored to the positions shown in Fig. 21, panel 711 is folded
over panel 712 so that adhesive 760 on one side of flap 711c
sticks to the liner bag, and then panel 714 i9 folded over panel
713 and sticks to adhesive on the other side of flap 711c. Then
the container is squared up, the line of adhe~ive 760 pulling
one side of the bag away from the other side which i9 held by the
lines 720, 721.
.. . . . . . .
- 29 - ~
.. .... .
1~174~8
When the container is squared up, complete opening
of the bag mouth 732 is facilitated by the adhesive on each of
the flaps 711a, 712a~ 713a, 714a. With the bottom flaps 711b,
712b, 713b, 714b folded shut and adhered to one another in the
usual way, the container is in the condition shown in Fig. 23
ready for filling, with little risk of fluid material runnin~
between the paperboard carton and the liner because of the com-
pletely open bag mouth 732. After the liner bag has been filled~the flaps 712a, 714a are swung apart to the substantially hori-
zontal position shown in Fig. 24. The adhesive 722 on flap 712a
and the adhesive 725 on flap 714a pull the bag mouth, without
stretching the bag material, to the condition shown in Fig. 24,
and because the shorter flaps 711a, 713a are adhered to the bag
they are drawn together by the bag to the closed pos-ition shown
in Fig. 24, with the bag mouth protruding between them. Closing
of the flaps 711a, 713a before the bag mouth i9 ssaled helps to
expel excess air from the liner bag, facilitating closure without
the use of equiyment to draw a partial vacuum The ba~ mouth is
gripped between the ends of the opposed flaps 711a, 713a, and
supported by the other opposed flaps 712a, 714a, and with the
mouth so held and positloned it is a simple matter to guide the
bag mouth into heat sealing mechanism which seals the bag snugly
along a line 734 just above the upwardly facing ~urfaces of the
flaps, despite the fact that the bag material may be of light
gauge and may tend to droop. -
The next ~tep is to coat with glue and fold the flap712a over the flaps 711a, 713a. The recess 702 is slightly
- 3 -
. ,.,, .,,, ,, .,.. ~, .,,, ., .,....... . , ~ . ., .. ,, ., . .,,, .. , .~,
~17~8
larger than the removable tab portion 300 ~o that the latteris not covered by the flap 712a. The upper surfaces of the
fingers 301 are varnished so as not to adhere to flap portions
above them: this varnishing may have been done when printing
any literary matter or artwork on the blank. ~he flap 714a
is next coated with glue and folded over the flap 712a to ad-
here thereto. Flap 714a has a tab portion 400 which adheres
to the upper side of the removable flap portion 300. The ta~
portion 400 is defined by two parallel lines of perforations
401 extending inwardly from the edge of flap 714a; thus, both
the flap 714a and the flap 712a (cut along the periphery of
recéss 702) have relieved portions which permit removal of the
flap portion 300. When it is desired to dispense the contents
of the containex, using a spout of the kind shown in Fig. 18,
one may insert a fingernail under the flap portion 300 (which
is not adhered to the liner) and swing it and the tab portion
400 upwardly, exposing the area of the liner that is held taut
under the area of portion 300 by the adhesive surrounding that
portion, namely the adhesive lines 720a, 720b, 720d. Thls area
of the liner is a taut, unbroken wall portion o~ the liner ex-
posed by removal of the flap portion 300 for easy ~iercing by
the bayonet of the spout 500. The free ends of the fingers
301 abut the portion 300 before it is removed, and the descend-
ing bayonet of the spout deflects the fingers ~ownwardly into
the container in a manner similar to that illustrated in Fig.
16, the removable portion 300 and fingers 301 defining an area
substantially equal to the cross-section of the pouring spout.
- Bec2use this area through which the bayonet descends is along
an edge of the flap 713a at the end of the side-forming panel
- 31 -
1117498
713J the panel 713 resists deformation of the container by
reason of the downward pxessure exerted on the spout as it is
inserted, and that panel also assists in guiding the bayonet.
It will be apparent that the bag closing ~ethod shown
in Fig 24 could be used at both ends of the bag. For holding
the container, flaps may be provided in two of the side-forming
panels o the carton> the flaps being ~wingable inwaxdly by
finger pressure as in the case of flaps 619 of Fig. 20. Other
modifications of the preferred embodime~ts herein described
will readily occur to those skilled in the art, and ara
intended to be covered by the subjoined claimsO
- 32 -
