Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Il~IT~KE LIMITING LI~UID
FEED SUPPLE~ENT FOR CATTLE
Background of the Invention
This invent;on relates to an intake limiting liquid
feed composition for cattle and a process for employing the same
in order to attain an economical and efficient means of self-
feeding cattle.
Liquid feed supplements are widely used for the feed-
ing of cattle and have several advantages compared to dry feed
supplements. One advantage is that since these feed supplements
are in a liquid phase, the different components can be uniformly
distributed throughout the liquid medium without difficulty.
Furthermore, the liquid nature of these supplements make them
economical to manufacture because of the relatively simple type
of apparatus required for producing liquid feeds as compared to
dry supplements.
These liquid feed supplements usually employ as a
medium, a carbohydrate solution, such as molasses. A disadvantage,
however, of liquid feed supplements is the high palatability of
the molasses or liquid ~eed mediurn which causes the animals to
consume excessive amounts thereby exceeding the point of most
efficient feed utilization. This has necessitated the use of
special equipment which is designed to "meter" the quantity of
liquid feed supplement to the animal. Equipment of this type in-
clude "lick" wheels which are partially immersed in the feed sup-
plement and as the animal licks the wheel it turns and carries
supplement to the animal. This requirement for special equipment
has, therefore, offset many of the economic advantages of manu-
acturing liquid feeds and a need exists for a liquid feed sup-
plement which is self-limiting and which controls consumption by
the animal to a predetermined level without special equipment for
this purpose.
Copending Cdn. Patent application, Serial No. 313,352,
iled October 13, 1978, by the inventors herein, discloses a com-
r~ '~y !
3~i
--2~
position for controlling feed supplement intake which comprises
an acidulated fat wherein acidulation of the fat is carried out
at a temperature of at least about 220F. with an acid, preferably
a mineral acid. It has now been determined that the use of this
specific type of acidulated fat in liquid feed supplements also
controls consumption of these supplements by cattle without a
requirement for special equipment.
- Summary of the''Inven'tion
The present invention provides an intake limiting
feed composition for cattle which controls feed intake by the
cattle and thereby provides a means of feeding the cattle without
excessive consumption of the supplement and a need for special
equipment in order to meter the supplement to the animal.
In one aspect the invention pertains to an intake
limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle containing an intake
limiting composition. The feed supplement comprises a liquid
carbohydrate medium, and the intake limiting composition is pre-
sent in an amount effective to limit intake of the supplement
and consists essentially of an acidulated unsaponified fat which
has been acidulated at a temperature of at least about 220F.
with an acid.
AnGther aspect of the invention pertains to an intake
limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle containing an intake
limiting compo~ition, the feed supplement comprising molasses, a
dispersing agent, and a colloia material. The intake limiting
composition is present in an amount effective to limi-t intake
of the supplement and consists essentially of an acidulated un-
saponified fat which has been acidulated at a temperature of at
least about 220 F. with an acid.
The invention also comprehends a method of producing
a self-limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle comprising
forming a liquid feed supplement medium by mixing an intake
i
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limiting amount of an acidulated unsaponified fat, ~Jherein acidula-
tion of the fat has been carried out at a temperature of at least
about 220~F. w~th an acid, with a liquid carbohydrate medium.
Preferably the acid is a m;neral acid and the acidulated
fat may- be employed in the liquid feed supplement at a level effec-
tive to limit intake and typically at a level which exceeds 1.5%
by weight and preferably at a leveI between about 2 and 8% by
weight.
The acidulated fat by itseIf is entireIy satisfactory
'~ 10 for intake limitation of the liquid feed supplement for cattle al-
though, it may also be employed in combination with other intake
limiters such as diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and
combinations thereof. It is desirable in some instances to include
these materials, since these additional limiters also contribute
to the nutritive properties of the liquid feed supplement.
An object, therefore, of the present invention is to
provide for a liquid feed composition which is capable of self-
limiting intake by cattle without a requirement for special equip-
ment to control consumption by the animal.
A further object of the present invention is to
provide for a liquid feed composition which consists of components
which individually do not detract from the nutrient requirements of
the feed supplement, while at the same time control the liquid
feed supplement intake to a predetermined amount in order to allow
self-feeding by the cattle.
It is also an object of the present invention to
provide a liquid feed supplement which may be combined with
roughage sources or dry feed supplements to provide a convenient
and economical means of feeding cattle.
Des'crip'tion of the`Preferre'd'Embo'diments
In accordance with the present invention, a liquid
feed composition has been developed which is capable of limiting
intake to a predetermined amount that is necessary for proper
weight maintenance of the cattle. Thi~ predetermined amount of
feed supplement intake for cattle will accordingly vary depending
on the type of animals as weIl as thé environmental conditions
under which they are maintained and is, therefore, not intended
to limit the present invention although, it may be generally
considered that a typical feed intake limitation for a liquid feed
supplement will be less than about 6 lbs. of supplement per head
per day preferably less than 4 lbs. per head per day and usually
between about 2 to 4 lbs. of supplement per head of cattle per
day. This amount of intake will generally be the amount which
is necessary for proper weight maintenance as well as the most
efficient feed utilization by the animal.
The liquid feed supplement of the present invention
contains an intake limiting ingredient comprising an unsaponified
acidualted fat wherein acidulation of the unsaponified fat is
carried out at a temperature of at least about 220F. with an
acid. The acidulated fat employed as an intake limiting ingre-
dient of the present invention is fully described in the above-
noted Canadian copending Patent Application Serial No. 313,352,
20 filed October 13, 1978. The acidulated fat may be employed in
the liquid feed supplement medium in an amount effecitve to limit
intake by cattle and typically is employed in the liquid feed
supplement at a level exceeding 1.5% by weight and preferably
at a level of between about 2 and 8% by weight. While it is
preferred to employ the acidulated fat as the sole intake limit-
ing ingredient for the liquid feed supplement of the present
invention, nevertheless, it may also be used in combination with
other intake limiting ingredients such as diammonium phosphate,
ammonium sulfate, and combinations of these ingredients as
desired.
~i
~?'l7~3~ J,,l
The liquid f~ecl suppleincnt medium Gf the presen'c
invention generally comprises a liquid mediwn such as molasses
or a liqui~l carbohydrate solution or a medium including
materials such as sugars, pectins, dextrins, starches or
other type3 of soluble carbohydra~e materials. Molasses is
; employed as the preferred liciuid feed supplement medium for
the supplements of the present invention because of its low
cost and availahility. The molasses is commonly available
as an aqueous solution and has a consistency varying from a
thin to a thick syrup falling within the range of 50 - 90
Brix. The molasses can be any of the sugar containing molasses
which are commercailly available including cane or blackstrap
molasses, and the li~e~ These contain significant quantities
of sugars which are an important source of organic nutrients
and a carbohydrate source for the animal. Therefore, it is
not intended ~o limit the present invention by the actual
ingredients of a liquid feed supplement since besides the
liquid medium as the primary ingredient, it is well known to
add other materials to improve the nutritional or functional
; 20 characteristics of the liquid feed supplement.
In addition to ~he liquid feed supplement medium,
it i5 also desirable to include a colloid material such as
clay, including bentonite or attapulgite clay at typical levels
between 0.5 and 5% by weight or a vegetable gum such as
xanthan gum at typical levels of .025 to .15% by weight since
this assists in providing a uniformly thickene~ liquid feed
supplement with ~he desired viscosity. In ~he event clay is
used in the liquid fee~ supplements of the present invention,
it is also desirable to include a dispersing agent such as a
soluble phosphate salt, for example, sodium, potassium, ammoni~n,
tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate an~ polyphosphates. l'his
improves dispersability o~ the clay in ~he liquid feed
supplement medium. Ty p ical a mou nts o f a dis-
p er s ing ag e nt ar c b etween 0.1 to 20~ by
7~3~5 SP ~fJl ~
weight of the clay.
It is further desirahle and well kno~m in the art
to include ingredients in the liquid feed supplement medium
which are necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of
the animal including even grains and other non-soluble feed
materials as well as a non-protein nitrogen source, such as
biuret or urea. The exact amount of these materials which may
be employed is not critical to the practice of the present
invention since thi~ will be entirely within the judg~ment
1~ Of a person skilled in the art in order to meet the nutrient
requirements of the animal. Furthermore, various minerals,
vit~mins, or medicaments are dispersed in the liquid feed supple-
ment medium to produce the desired nutritive properties for
the animals.
lS The liquid feed supplement of the present inventi~n
may also contain in addi~ion to the acidulated fat aescribed
herein, other intake limiters such a~ an~vnium sulfate, or
diammonium phosphate. These materials all individually
contribute to the nutritive properties o~ the liquid feed
~20 supplement and typical ~Imounts which may be employed include
0.1 to 5% of ammonium sulfate, and 0.1 to 5% of diammonium
phosphate. The liquid feed supplement of the present invention
may be fed to cattle directly and thereby self-limit intake
to the cattle without a requirement for special equipment
in order to meter a designated amount of supplem~nt to the
a~Lmal. It is also within the scope of the present invention
that the liquid feed supplement described herein may be
mixed with other dry feed supplements or various roughage
sources which can then be fed to the cattle.
For the purposes of full and complete disclosure,
the following Examples are set forth as illustrative rather
than limiting embodiments ~hereof.
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Example 1
Four separate batches of a liquid feed supplement
were prepared and identified as Supplements A, B, C, and D.
Supplements B, C, and D contained varying levels of an
acidulated fat prepared by taking 2,000 lbs. of
bleachable fancy tallow and adding 10% by weight of con-
centrated hydrochloric acid (36% HCL~. This mixture was
heated for 120 minutes until a temperature of 260F. was
achieved at which point the mixture was held at this temper-
ature for a period of 3 hours. The acidulated fat was then
neutralized to a pH of 5.0 with sodium hydroxide. -~he
acidulated fat was added to Supplements B, C, and D according
to the following formula. Supplement A was a control ~7hich
contained only 5% by weight of a non-acidulated animal fat.
Supplement A (controlj B C D .
- Ingredient
~ by weight)
Ammonium Polyphosphate 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4
Calcium Carbonate 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Attapulgite Clay 1.5 1.5 1O5 1.5
Urea 3-0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Molasses 69.59 66.59 68.59 70.59
Wa~er 10~0 lO.0 lO.0 lO.0
Vitamins & Minerals 0.21 U.21 0.21 0.21
50~ Soaium Hydroxide0.30 0~30 0.30 0.30
Acidulated ~at - 8.0 6.0 4.
Animal Fat ~ ~ 0
(not acidulated)
The above identified liquid supplements were prepared by
combining the molasses, ~ater, and sodium hydroxide solution,
~ SP 6~
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mixing for 15 seconds, followed by the additiGn of th~ ammoniumS
pslyphosphate and mixing for an additional 10 seconds. The
attapulgite clay was then added and mixed for 2 minutes, follo~Jed
hy the dry urea which was mixed for 1 minute. The acidulated
or non-acidulated fat in the use of the control was then added
and mixed for 5 seconds followed by the addition of the vitamins
and minerals with mixing for an additional 2 1/2 minutes.
Supplements "B", "C", and "D" were each fed in a
separate 2 week feeding trial to a total of 6 cows against
Supplement "A" which served as a control. The supplements
were available to the cattle in an open container on a free
choice basis. Average consumption was detexmined to be the
ollowing:
Feeding Trial No. 1
Supplement Consumption (lb. per head
per day)
A (control) 8.7
B 1.68
Feeding Trial No. 2
Supplement Consumption (lb. pex head
per day)
A (control) 11.5
C 1.66
.
Feeding Trial No. 3
Supplement Consum~tion (lb. per head
per day)
A (control) 14.9
D 2~6
