Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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This invention relates to roll crushers which crush loaded
material by impact and pressure, comprising a crusher housing,
a loading hopper, a rotating roll holding the impacting tools,
and fixed or adjustable crushing bars mounted to the crushing
wall of the crusher housing.
Single roll crushers are widely used because of their
economy when crushing materials of low hardness such as coal, rock
salt, etc., the loaded clumps being broken up by means of a
rotating roll with impacting tools forcing them against a fixed or
adjustable wall. Such single roll crushers are composed of a
crushing housing, a rotatable roll with the impacting tools
mounted thereon, i.e., also rotatable and a fixed or adjustable
crusher wall which may be smooth or serrated.
The broken-up material is removed underneath the crusher
by a suitable conveyor which removes this material to another
conveyor or shipping vehicle.
These crushers offer the advantage that they are economical
to manufacture and that dust formation remains within tolerable
limits.
The have, on the other hand, the drawback that their
crushing efficiency is low compared to other crushing equipment.
Accordingly, where substantial crushing output is required,
two or more crushers must be used side by side, whereby such
equipment may be uneconomical compared to other units.
The invention therefore addresses the problem of providing
an economical solution while retaining the same crushing procedure.
This problem is solved in accordance with the present
invention by the provision of a roll-type crusher comprising
a crusher housing having a pair of oppositely disposed crushing
walls and crushing bars associated with the crushing walls and
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a pair of mutually oppositely rotatable rolls, having impact
bars, independently mounted in the crusher housing. Each roll
is associated with one of the crushing walls and defines a
crushing chamber therewith. A loading hopper is provided for
feeding material into the crusher housing. An inverted
V-shaped chute means is disposed intermediate the hopper and
the space between the rolls for directing material in the hopper
to the crushing chambers. The chute means defines material
feed passages cornmunicating the hopper and the crushing chamber.
Gridiron means are independently insertable into the passages
for closing the passages in whole or in part.
Because two single-roll crushers are integrated in one
housing, the equipment operates more economically and also is
more compact than if each single roll crusher were mounted in
a special housing. Also, the loading surface of the input
hopper is enlarged without the equipment operating at a greater
height.
While two rolls are mounted in one housing in this con-
struction, they do however differ fundamentally from the known
two roll crushers which also cornprise two rolls in one housing.
The solution of the present invention offers two crushing regions,
or two comminuting regions, namely between each roll and its
crusher wall; the crushing processes in the two regions are
independent of one another. Further, the two rolls can be driven
independently of each other. In any event, material is not
crushed in the space between the two rolls.
The reduction is size in the known equipment takes place
between the two rolls, in other words, there is only one
comminuting region. The direction of the roll rotation is
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mutually opposite, as is the case for the present invention.
However, because the loaded material is fed only to one crushing
region, the loading hopper and its loading surface will be
smaller for the same height and the same wall slope in this
invention.
In order to further improve the crushing process in the
present invention, one or more rows of fixed and/or adjustable
crushing bars may be mounted in each crushing region in such a
manner that shorter crushing bars at greater spacings are
mounted in the upper row and longer bars with lesser spacing
reaching as far as the roll are mounted in the lower rows, the
upper row being used for pre-reduction and the lower rows of
crushing bars for post-reduction. As mentioned, the gridirons
partly or wholly blocking the feed passages to the two crushing
chambers can be inserted independently of one another into these
ducts and on one hand can limit or entirely stop the flow
material in each crushing region independently of the other,
and on the other hand may be used to unclog material by being
suddenly forced inwardly or pulled out, and furthermore these
gridirons can keep the material to be crushed from the rolls in
the case of a power shortage or when the rolls are starting up
or winding down, and thus prevent jamming of the crusher. The
gridirons are automatically pushed in by compressed air or
similar means the moment the crusher is shut off or shuts itself
off in case of a malfunction. Accordingly, a feeder can be
dispensed with. In known equipment the material is loaded by
means of such feeders as conveyor belts, thrust loaders, etc.,
which uniformly remove the material from a preceding hopper.
When the crusher is shut off or turns itself off, the feeder
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also is automatically turned off so the rolls are free from
excess material. This is necessary as otherwise the rolls could
not start up again.
The two rolls may be mounted at different heights, with the
latitude of adaptation furthermore to the slope of the conveyor
removing the crusher material.
Most appropriately, the integration of two single-roll
crushers in one common housing may be designed as a mobile
~ pre-crushing facility, the two single-roll crushers integrated
in one housing together with their conveyor removing the crushed
material being mounted on a substructure moving on wheels or
tracks or other transport means.
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The invention will be ~urther illustrated l)y refcrellce to tht:
accompanying dra~ings, in whicsl:
I`igure 1 is a cross-section of 2 mobile crusher v~itsh two rolls;
and
Figure 2 i5 a top ~riew of the crushing e~uipment.
The reference numerals denote the following:
1 = csushing rolls
2 = impact bars
- 3 = fixed or adjustable crushin~ bars mounted to
the crushing wall
4 = the crusher housing
-)5 - the roof-like chute over the rolls
6 = tshe inser,able gridirons
7 = the ~-belt drives for the two rolls
8 = the loading hopper
9 = the mobile substructure
10 = conveyor belt
11 = protective plate above conveyor belt and
d river ' s cabin
. )12 = driver's cabin
13 - csushing chambers
14/15 = crushing walls.
The materi21 to be crushed is fed through the hopper 8 and the
chute 5 to tshe two crushing chambers 13. In these crushing chambers,
the loaded material is comminuted by the rotating impact bars 2 and the
fixed or adjustable crtlshing bars 3. The crushed material leaving the
underside of the crushing space is fed by the conveyor belt 10 to an-
other conveying equlpment such as a light truck or to another conveyor
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belt. By means of it, mobile suhsLruc~ure 9 the equipmcnt can change
its si~e oI operation.
The cl-ushing bars are drivcn by known drives, preferably by V--
belt drives 7. The two rolls are driven in mutually opposite rotation
and are housed in a common crusher housing 4, whereby the equipmcnt
is both compact and has a large loading hopper. LoadLng can take
place by means of belts, mobile loading equipment or excavatina equip-
ment .
The supply of the material to the crushing chambers can beblocked and even stopped entirely by using the movable gridirons 6.
These movable gridirons also can be used to unclog the loaded material.
It wii I be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifi-
cations may be made within the scope of the present invention without
departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such
modifications .
