Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~ ~:;Z3~9~
This application is a division of our Canadian Patent Application
No. 242,452 filed December 23, 1975.
The present invention is directed to a method of producing a tape
drive means. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a motor,
capstan and tone wheel assembly having a succession of one dimensional holo-
grams radially arranged on the tone wheel.
Conventional magnetic tape drive systems for driving a magnetic
recording tape have used various means for controlling the speed of tape
in order to maintain the speed at a constant predetermined level, e.g., to
control a tape playback speed to be identical with a tape recording speed.
For example, the tape can be prerecorded with a clock, or sync, track at the
time the data is being concurrently recorded in the adjacent recording
track. When the ~ape is used in a data-reproducing system to playback the
data recorded thereon, the sync track is separately read by a control system
arrangement commonly referred to as a "sync-off-tape" type of tape playback
speed control. In such a prior art system, the signal from the sync track is
used in a feedback control to control the speed of the motor driving the tape
during the playback operation and, hence, to maintain the playback speed of
the tape at the same speed used during the recording process. Thus, the
intrinsic tape drive system errors created by capstan eccentricity, bearing
noise, etc. are minimized since the control signal comes from the tape itself
and is affected by the same tape drive system errors. Since the mechanical
errors are included in the aforesaid feedback controls, the servo system, if
it has sufficient gain and band width, is able to cancel all of these intrinsic
drive system errors. An example of such a prior art tape drive control
system is shown in United States Patent No. 3,789,379 of Ivars P. Breikss,
which was issued on January 29, 1974.
., ~
.,., ~
. .
~ 3~9~7
On the other hand, in another prior art arrangement, i.e., in a
so-called "sync-off-tach" tape drive system, a tone wheel is fastened to the
shaft of the drive motor used to drive the tape capstan, and a sync signal
is derived from a sensor operatively associated with the tone wheel in a so-
called tachometer assembly. In this case, the tape drive errors due to
capstan eccentricity, bearing noise, mechanical imperfections in the motor
and tone wheel, etc. are outside the feedback control loop and, hence, in-
troduce errors in the playback speed which are reflected as errors in the
playback data. Since the "sync-off-tape" type servo control system is of~en
not practical inasmuch as it involves the use of a data-recording track and
requires a custom prerecording of a clock track, the "sync-off-tach" type
control system is more commonly used and i5, as mentioned as above, subject
to the intrinsic errors in the speed of the driven tape. An example of a
prior art tape drive system for cancelling intrinsic errors in a syn-off-
tach mode of operation is shown in United States Patent No. 3,648,141 of
David W. Scheer which issued on March 7, 1972. In this prior art tape drive
system, the intrinsic errors of the drive system for incremental tone wheel
positions are recorded in a memory during a recording operatiGn and are
utilized during the playback operation to compensate for the same intrinsic
errors at each corresponding incremental tone wheel position. However, this
prior art compensation technique involves the use of a separate data storage
memory, digital-to-analog converters and associated electronics which greatly
increases the cost and complexity of a tape transport utilizing such a tech-
nique.
Accordingly it is an object of the present invention to provide a
method of producing a tape drive means useful in an improved "sync-off-tach"
type tape drive system having a simplified control system for cancelling
-- 2 --
,: :
,, ' - : .'
.
3~7
intrinsic drive system errors of the tape drive system.
In accomplishing this and other objects, there has been provided a
tape drive control system utilizing a tone wheel having a prerecorded hologram
thereon. The hologram is recorded during an initial operation of a motor/
capstan/tone wheel assembly by a holographic recording technique on the tone
wheel which tone wheel includes a transparent substrate coated with an
erasable thermoplastic film. The holographic recording on the tone wheel is
read during subsequent operation of the motor/capstan/tone wheel assembly by
a laser playback sys~em to provide control signals for a motor drive energiz-
i~g means to correct intrinsic drive system errors.
Thus, in accordance with a broad aspect of the invention, there isprovided a method of producing a motor and tone wheel assembly including the
steps of driving a coaxial assembly of a motor and tone wheel at a predeter-
mined rotational speed and concurrently recording a succession of one
dimensional holograms radially arranged on said tone wheel.
A better understanding of the present invention may be had when the
following detailed description is read in connection with the accompanying
drawings in which :
Figure 1 is a pictorial illustration of a code wheel recording system
incorporating the present invention,
Figure 2 is a simplified showing of the code wheel recording system
shown in Figure 1, and
Figure 3 is a pictorial illustration of a tape drive system incorporat-
ing the prerecorded tone wheel/capstan/motor assembly shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Referring to ~igures 1 and 2 in more detail, there is shown a pictorial
diagram of an embodiment of the present invention used to prepare a tone wheel/
motor/capstan assembly. The tone wheel 2 is mounted on a drive shaft rotat-
~, .
Z3~37
ably driven by a motor 4. A tape drive capstan 6 is also mounted on themotor driven drive shaft on the other side of the motor 4 from the tone wheel
2. The motor 4 is connected to a source of an energizing signal (not shown)
for driving the motor 4 at a predetermined speed. The tone wheel 2 includes
a transparent substrate 10 having a thermoplastic layer 12 covering a face
of the transparent substrate 10 A laser source 14 is arranged to supply a
coherent light beam through a light modulator 16. A modulated output beam
from the modulator 16 is applied to a prism beam splitter 18 to provide a
reference beam 20 and a signal, or object, beam 22. The recording beam 22
is deflected by a mirror 24 through a Fourier transform optical system 26.
The Fourier transform optical system 26 includes cylindrical Fourier
transform lens, not shown, to converge the signal beam 22 along an X axis
which is the radial axis of the tone wheel 2 and a subsequent cylindrical
lens, not shown, to converge the signal beam 22 along a Y axis which is in
the direction of motion of the tone wheel 2. Further discussion of this
structure and operati~n is found in the United States Braitberg et al patent
No. 3,976,354. A summary of holographic recording techniques is found in
"Holographic Information Storage'l by E. G. Ramberg in the "RCA Review",
Vol. 22, March, 1972, pages 5 to 53. Briefly, the orientation of the reference
beam 20 and the object beam 22 is such that two requirements are met. First,
the hologram to be stored on the tone wheel 2 is a one-dimensional Fourier
transform hologram having its essentially single dimension substantially
normal to the direction of motion of the recording medium to yeild a high
hologram packing density. Secondly, the interference fringes run parallel
to the motion of the tone wheel 2 whereby the exposure time during recording
of the hologram may vary without adversely affecting the stored hologram.
An output beam from the Fourier transform optics 26 is directed
, -4-
,,~
: ,
' ` ~ .
~3~97
through a radially oriented slit 30 onto the thermoplastic surace 12 of the
tone wheel 2. The reference beam 20 and the signal beam 22 interfere at the
thermoplastic surface 12 to produce a one-dimensional Fourier transform holo-
gram. The recording of a hologram on the surface of a thermoplastic surface
is well-known in the art as shown in United States Patent No. 3,821,722
and is further discussed in United States Patent No. 3,976,354. An electrical
charging means 32 is located adjacent to the thermoplastic surface 12 to
provide an electrical charge on the tone wheel 2 prior to the holographic
recording operation. The charging means 32 is provided with an input terminal
34 for connection to a suitable energizing source (not shown).
M~DE OF OPERATION
The holographic recording on the tone wheel 2 is a holographic memory
which makes use of a thermoplastic memory medium 12 upon which many individual
holograms are sequentially stored during the rotation of the tone wheel 2.
Information is stored by directing a coherent signal beam 22 and a coherent
reference beam 20 derived from a laser 14 to a desired location on the memory
medium. The signal beam 22~ which containes a pattern formed by the Fourier
transform optics 26 and the slit 30, interferes with the reference beam to
form the holographic recording on the thermoplastic medium 12 since the beams
20 and 22 are modulated by the modulator 16, at a high frequency, e.g., one
MHz, the holographic recording is a succession of one-dimensional Fourier
transform patterns. Since the holographic recording process is performed
on the capstan/motor/tone wheel combination, i.e., a rotationally fixed
assembly, the recordings are each affected by any corresponding intrinsic
defects of this rotating structure which occur as each recording is made.
Thus, each recording is unique to the rotating structure upon which it is
made and is related to the rotational speed of the rotating assembly, i.e.,
..
' ;
',
097
the capstan speed. The use of the holographic tone~wheel 2 in a tape drive
system in which the holographic recordings are read from the tone wheel 2 is
effective to provide a means for eliminating cyclical mechanical imperfections
in the rotating assembly since the mechanical errors will similarly affect
the tape recording and playback operations whereby identical tape speeds can
be maintained.
In Figure 3, there is shown a playback system for reading the stored
holograms from the tone wheel 2 during the use of the capstan/motor/tone
wheel assembly to drive a magnetic recording tape 38. To read out the
information stored in each of the recorded holograms, a coherent readout
beam 40 from a coherent light source is arranged to successivley illuminate
each of the holograms stored on the tone wheel 2 to produce a reconstruc~ed
image thereof. The readout beam 40 is directed onto the hologram recordings
on the tone wheel 2 at the same angle that the reference beam 20 made during
the recording of the holograms. An array of photo detectors 44 is positioned
on the other side of the tone wheel 2 from the source 42 to detect the
reconstructed pattern. The readout beam 40 is preferably the complex
conjugate of the reference beam whereby a real image readout is produced
which eliminates the need for a readout lens. The output signal from the
photo detector array 44 is applied to a suitable conventional control system
4S for controlling the speed of the motor in accordance with the detected
signal from the tone wheel 2.
The holographic memory technique can increase the number of stored
tone wheel "lines" per revolution from ten to a hundred times above the
present tone wheel "line" recording technology to improve motor control system
operation at low rotational tone wheel speeds. Because the number of "lines"
per revolution can be greatly increased, the diameter of the one wheel disc
-6-
- , '`:
' :
30~37
can be reduced to reduce the moment of inertia of the rotating tape drive
system and further increase the performance of the tape drive system. Another
advantage of the holographic memory is that the information stored in the
hologram is stored uniformly throughout the hologram rather than in discrete
areas. The hologram is, thus, relatively insensitive to blemishes or dirt
; on the code wheel, i.e., a small blemish or dust particle on the tone wheel
cannot obscure the recorded data inasmuch as the same data is found distributed
uniformly across the hologram. Further the improved holographic system of
the present invention overcomes some of the limitations caused by components
of other types of holographic memories by not requiring a light beam system
capable of a large number of resolvable spots.
While the holographic recording technique used in the present invention
is generally shown in the aforesaid United States Patent No. 3,976,3543 that
I patent discloses a system wherein the recording surface is a thermoplastic
i medium supported by a photo-conductor in a four layer structure including a
transparent film base and a transparent electrical conductor underlying the
photo-conductive layer. In the present novel recording technique it has
; been found that a simplified direct recording technique is possible wherein
the exposing laser is used in a direct thermal development on a thermoplastic
layer located directly on a transparent substrate. This simplified technique
only requires that the thermoplastic layer is charged with a corona charger
or similar device prior to the laser heating the thermoplastic film in the
desired area. The charge on the thermoplastic layer creates internal stresses
which deform the thermoplastic surface that has been made liquid, or plastic,
due to the absorbed energy from the laser beam. The stored image, or surface
deformation, on the thermoplastic layer is made permanent as the thermoplastic
layer is subsequently cooled.
' ~ . ~ .' ; ` .
~; : '' '
Z30~7
A holographic recording on the thermoplastic surface of the tone wheel
2 structure has several advantages. First, the resulting hologram is a
phase hologram having a high readout efficiency. Secondly, the hologram
recorded in the thermoplastic medium can be erased by subsequent application
of heat to the thermoplastic medium for a duration which is longer than that
used for development of the holographic recording. The ability to erase
recorded holograms allows the tone wheel 2 to be reused with subsequent
capstan/motor combinations. Thus, the memory medium is easily transportable,
replaceable, alterable and interchangeable. Finally, the optical system for
recording and reading the hologram achieves a non-contact operation of the
tone wheel which eliminates any mechanical wear problem such as those found
in magnetically recorded tone wheels.
Accordingly, it may be seen that there has been provided, in accordance
with the present invention, a method of producing a tape drive means for a
sync-off-tach tape drive control system having integral means for correcting
intrinsic errors on the tape drive system.
.
