Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~L~2~77~
Back~round of the Invention
This invention relates to a line protectvr f~r a
communications circuit. Such protectors are generally lo-
cated between outside communications lines and inside equip-
ment, for example, between telephone lines and inside telephone
related equipment. Such line protectors generally protect
the inside equipment from fault conditions on the ~utside
line, such as overvoltage or overcurrent conditions which may
result from lightning, electrical power surges and the like.
Line protectors of the type described are generally
classified either as station protectors or as central office
protectors. Central office type protectors are generally
interposed between central office switching equipment and
inside switching-related equipment, and comprise plug-in type
modules adapted to be mounted on a common frame having recep-
tacles for receiving a plurality of like protector units to
~`
accommodate a plurality of communications lines. Such central
office type protectors are shown, for example, in U.S. Patents
1 ~ 3,587,021; 3,743,888; 3,794,947; 3,818,271; 3,849,750; 3,886,
¦ 20 408 and 3,975,664. Station type protectors generally include
a dielectric block havîng a threaded receptacle for receiving
a complementary threaded housing or cap containing a surge
. ~
arrester. Such a station protector is shown for example, in
U.S Patent 4,013,927. Station protectors are generally
interposed between outside telephone lines and inslde telephone
receivers.
- 2 -
,i
~2~77~3
A protector according to this inven~ion, as will
be more fully described hereinbelow, is s~itable for use
as either a central office type protector or as a station
type protectDr. HDwever, the fDllowing discussion will be
facilitated by specific reference to the protector of this
invention embodied as a station type protector.
Station protectors in the prior art have generally
been made with a housing, as described above, and related compo-
nents, specifically designed to cooperate with specific types
of arresters. Specifically, a carbon air gap arrester and a
two-element gas tube arrester have heretofore been interchange-
ably accomm~dated by a given protector design, while a three-
element gas tube arrester has heretDfore been accommodated by
another protector design. Thus, at least two different overall
station protector configurations have heretofore been required
to accomodate these three types of arresters. Furthermore,
existing station protectors include hardware terminations fDr
receiving lines to be protected which are molded in place~ and
thus capable of receiving only a limited number of lines. Thus,
a different protector is required, for example when converting
from single pair to multiple pair station protection. Similarly,
a plurality of such station protectors may be required in the
case where it is desired to protect a plurality of parallel
lines, such as required when a plurality of telephDne extension
receivers are to be protected, thus increasing the cost of such
an installation substantially. Such molded in place design there-
fore requires that different station protectors be fabricated
for different applications, which generally leads to increased
problems and costs in the fabrication thereof.
~lZ477~3
Objects and Summary of the Invention
Accordingly, it is a general object of this invention
to provide a modular line protector which is readily adaptable
for use with carbon air gap, two element gas tube, or three
element gas tube type arresters, and further for use in either
single pair or multiple pair protection.
A more specific object of this invention is to provide
a line protector of the type described, adapted to present as
many hardware terminations as needed for accommodating the
number of parallel line terminations desired in a particular
application.
Another object of this invention is to provide a
line protector of the type described so arranged as to present
substantially unobstructed working space for terminating wires
of the like to the terminals thereof.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a
line protector of the type described which is of relatively
small size whereby a plurality of like line protectors may be
mounted in close proximity for accommodating a plurality of
lines to be protected.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a
line protector of the type described which is relatively simple
and economical to assemble and yet rugged and reliable in
operation.
Briefly, the invention comprises a line protector
having the combination comprising: an arrester module having a
body, overvoltage arrester means having at least two electrodes
on a common axis mounted on said body, conductive contactor
means in conductive contact with each of said electrodes and
extending outwardly of said body, at least one outwardly extend-
-- 4 --
~3
.: .
~2~778
ing dielectric member on said body for engaging at least a
portion of said contactor means and electrically isolating the
contactor means associated with each electrode from the
contactor means associated with the other electrode to define
a plug portion of said arrester module for electrically
connecting one of said electrodes with a line to be protected
and the other of said electrodes with ground so as to connect
electrically said overvoltage arrester between said line to be
protected and ground, said contactor means comprising a resilient
spring-like metallic contactor associated with each of said
electrodes, first portions of each contactor being mounted with-
in said body so as to make electrical contact with respective
ones of said electrodes, and second portions of each of said
contactors extending outwardly of said body to engage correspond-
ing ones of a pair of said outwardly extending dielectric
members, whereby said plug portions form prongs that project
generally perpendicular to said axis.
Other objects, advantages and features of this in-
vention will be more readily appreciated upon consideration of
:: 20 the following detailed description, together with the accompany-
:~ ing drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used through-
out to designate like elements and components.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of two line protectors
according to this invention mounted in conjunction with an ex-
ternal ground buss;
FIGURE 2 (on second sheet of drawing) is an enlarged
sectional view, taken generally in the plane of the line 2-2
of FIGURE l;
~.~
, ~ :
- 1124778
FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partially in
section, of an alternate embodiment of a p~rtion of the
line protector of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view, taken generally in the
plane of the line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an elevational view, partially in section
of yet another embodiment of a portion of the line pr~tector
of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a portion of the
line protector of FIG. 2, illustrating additional detail
thereof;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view, taken generally in the
'
plane of line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
: FIG. 8 is a sectional view, illustrating an
: alternate configuration of a portion of FIG. 6, in accordance
with one feature of this invention; and
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken generally in the
plane of line 9-9 of FIG. 8.
Detailed Description of the Illustrated Embodiments
Referring initially to FIG. 1, a line protector
10 constructed in accordance with the principals of this in-
vention is illustrated together with a second, like line
protector lOa both mounted on an external ground buss 12.
Briefly, the line protector 10 comprises a modular protector
including a base module 14 adapted to be mounted on the buss
12 to make mechanical and electrical connection therewith.
' `, .
~4~
An arrester module 16 is mounted at a surface ]8 of the base
module 14 whic~ it will be noted, defines a generally rectilin~ar
solid. A pair of terminal modules 20, 22 are mounted at oppo-
site surfaces of the base module 14, which surfaces are gen-
erally perpendicular with the surface 18 thereof. The terminal
module 20 includes a plurality of clip type terminals 24,
while the tenninal module 22 includes a screw or post type
terminal 26, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1. The
clip type tenminals 24 may be, for example, of the general
types shown in U.S. Patents 3,636,500 to Sedlacek, 3,234,498
to Logan, or 3,112,147 tv Pferd. It will be understood, howeve-,
that either type of tenminal module may be interchangeably
l associated with either end of the base module 14. A pair
j of end caps or cover members 28, 30 are provided at the sides
-¦ of the terminal modules 20 and 22 opposite the base module
14. As will be more fully described hereinbelow, the end
caps or cover members 28, 30 may be removed for mounting ad-
¦~ ditional terminal modules, substantially identical to the
modules 20 and 22, at the outer ends of the modules 20, 22
to accommodate any desired number of wire term~nations.
In one configuration in which the line protector
according to this invention may be embodied, it is contem-
plated that an elongate, box-like enclosure (not shown) may
be provided, for accommodating a plurality of like line pro-
tectors. It is further contemplated that tbe buss 12 be suit-
ably secured to an interior wall of the enclosure, and running
the entire length thereof, to accommodate a plurality of like
- 7
,
11 12'~778
station protectors, in substantially side-by-side arrangement,
as illustrated for the prDtectors 10 and lOa Df FIG. 1. In
this arrangement, then, a suitable external ground connectiDn
or terminal to the buss 12 is provided, as well as suitable
cabling for delivering the lines to be protected, to the
respective terminal clips and/or screws of the line protectors
therein.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2, wherein the protector
10 of FIG. 1 is shown in section, taken generally in the plane
of the line 2-2 thereof. With reference also to FIG. 6, in
which the protector 10 is shown partially disassembled, it will
be seen that the base module 14 includes a dielectric plastic
body lS, having formed therein, generally cylindrical aperture
32 extending substantially centrally therethrDugh for accommo-
dating a fastener such as a screw 34 which is joined to the buss
12 by suitable means such as a nut 36. Advantageously, a
tubular metal washer or sleeve 38 surrounds the body of the
: .
screw 34, and a resilient, metallic, generally U-shaped con-
l tactor or spring clip 40 is interposed between the head of the
t~ 20 screw 34 and the tubular washer or sleeve 38. The ends of the
contactor 40 extend respectively into a pair of wells 42, 44
formed in the body 15 adjacent either side o~f the opening 32.
The screw 34, and tubular washer or sleeve 38, thus hold the
contactor 40 in conductive contact with the ground buss 12,
j and provide ~echanical connection of the base module 14 there-
~ith. It will be appreciated that the tubular metal washer
I or sleeve 38 provides direct metal to metal contact between
the contactor 40 and ground buss 12 such that the plastic side
- 8 -
3~12~77~
walls of the aperture 32 are not depended upon to maintain
either the electrical or mechanical cDnneCtiOn. A pair of gen-
erally circular apertures 46 and 48 are formed in the body
15, extending through the top surface 18 of the base module
14 to either side of the respective wells 42 and 44.
As seen in FIG. 2, the arrester module 16 includes
a base portion 50 and a cover member 52 both formed of a dielec-
tric plastic material. The cover 52 snappingly engages the outer
edge of the base portion 50 to form top and side closures for
the module 16. A pair of carbon air gap type arresters 54,
56 are each removably mounted in the module 16 by pairs of
generally Z-shaped resilient metallic contactors or spring
clips 58, 60 and 62, 64, respectively. A pair of legs 66
and 68 are formed ln the base 50 and are spaced apart to ex-
tend substantially into the central portions of the respective
wells 42 and 44 of the base module 14. The lower portions of
~; ~ the legs 66 and 68 are flared outwardly somewhat to engage
~ complimentary apertures in the respective contactors-58, 60
; and 62, 64. Suitable openings are formed in the base 50 adja-
cent the legs 66 and 68 for the respective contactors to ex-
tend therethrough. It will be appreciated from the foregoing
:
d~scription, that the configuration and placement of the con-
tactors 58, 60 and 62, 64 is such as to hold the carbon arrester
assemblies 54~ 56 in compression therebetween, to define the
assembled arrester module 16. A pair of resilient, generally
Z-shaped metallic contactors or spring clips 70 and 72 each
have one end thereof extending downwardly into the respective
1~24778
wells 42, 44, a middle portion thereof abutting the top surface
18 of the base module 14 adjacent the apertures 46, 48, and
oppDsite ends thereof extending adjacent the outer sides of
the cover member 52 of the arrester module 16. A pair of screws
74, 76 extend through openings formed therefor in the respective
contactors 70 and 72 and through the apertures 46 and 48 there-
below to engage complimentary threaded openings provided therefor
in a pair of line buss bars 78, 80. The line busses 78, 80
;~ form a portion of the terminal module 20, 22, which will be
described more fully hereinbelow.
As best seen in FIG. 2? then, the resilient contactors
70, 72 are provided with openings for engaging a pair of teeth
82, 84 formed in the sides of the cover member 52, thereby
to hold the arrester module 16 firmly in engagement upon the
:~, base module 14. It will be further noted that a resilient,
sponge~ e gasket member 86 is provided between the bottom
50 bf the arrester module 16 and the top 18 of the base module
~:~ 14, to form a seal to prevent moisture entering therebetween.
`~ A pair of tubular metallic washers or sleeves 77, 79 are pro-
~:~ 20 vided surrounding the screws 74 and 76 and function similarly
. t~ the tubular washer or sleeve 38, described above.
: It will be appreciated from the foregoing, that the
:~i .
~; wells 42 and 44 and the portions of the resilient contactor 70,
72 and 40 therein effectively define a "receptacle" in the base
module 14. Similarly, the downwardly extending legs 66 and 68
and the portions of t~e contactors 58, 60 and 62, 64 joined
thereto effectively define a "plug-in" portion of the arrester
- 10 -
'
778
mod~lle 16 to bè received in the "receptacle". Advantageously,
the cDnfiguration and placement of the resilient contactors
40, 70 and 72 are such that when the "plug-in" arrester module
16 is inserted in the "receptacle" base module 14 as described,
electrical contact is obtained between the respective pairs of
adjacent contactors 58 and 72, 62 and 70, which may be desig-
nated line contacts, and between the adj~cent pairs Df contac-
tors 60 and 40, 64 and 40, which may be designated ground con-
tacts. Similarly, when the arrester module 16 is removed fr~m
the base module 14, the resilient contactors 40, 70 and 72
tend to make contact within the wells 42, 44 to form electrically
conductive contact therebetween. As will be described later,
the terminals 24 and 26 for receiving the lines to be protected
are in electrically conductive contact via the line busses
: 78, 80, with the contactors 70 and 72. Thus, in the first
described situations: with the arrester module 16 inserted
in the base module 14, the arresters 54, 56 are connected be-
tween the lines to be protected and ground, Conversely, when the
arrester module 16 is removed from the base module 14, the lines
¦ 20 to be protected are in conductive contact with ground.
Turning now to the terminal modules 20 and 22, the
respe-ctive terminals 24 and 26 thereof are in conductive contact
w-ith the respective line busses 78 and 80 at a portion thereof
somewhat outwardly of the screws 74 and 76. As best seen in
FIGS. 6 and 9, the terminal module 20 inclucling the clip type
terminals 24 comprises a dielectric plastic terminal block
88 having suitable cavities formed therein for receiving the
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llZ~7713
terminals 24 and the line buss 78. In a preferred embodiment,
the terminals 24 comprise pairs of clip type terminals each
formed with a common base and having a connecting member 90
extending downwardly thr~ugh a suitable opening provided there-
for in the line buss 78. The connecting members 90 of the
terminal clips 24 are preferably secured to the line buss 28
by welding or soldering, as indicated by the reference numeral
92. The line buss 78 is mechanically secured to the terminal
block 88 of the terminal module 20 by suitable connecting means
such as a screw 94 which engages an aperture provided therefor
in the line buss 78 and a complimentary internally threaded
opening 96 provided therefor in the terminal block 88.
Similarly, the terminal module 22 comprises a plastic
dielectric terminal block 98 having a central opening there-
through for receiving the screw-type terminal 26. The line buss
80 is provided with a suitable opening for receiving the body
of the screw -type terminal 26, and a conductive tubular washer
or sleeve member 100 is provided surrounding the body of the
terminal 26 in the block 98. A suitable internally threaded
element such as a nut 101 engages the external thread~ of the
screw-type terminal 26 at the top of the block 98 and a con-
d~ctive metallic washer 103 is interposed between the nut 101
and the sleeve 100. Thus 7 the screw terminal 26 and nut 102 `
engage the washer 103 7 the sleeve 100 and the line buss 80,
to provide a suitable metallic conductive path between the
terminal 26 and the line buss 80. In similar fa.shion t~ the
sleeve 38 provided for the screw 34 of the base module 14,
- - 12 -
1~4771~
then, the sleeve lO0 avDids any dependence on the plastic
material of the block 98 to maintain good electrical and
mechanical connection between the terminal 26 and line buss
80.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that the terminal
modules 20, 22 are arranged to position the respective ter-
minals 24, 26 outwardly of the b~se module 14, and arrester
module 16, to provided ample space for connecting lines to be
protected thereto.
In accordance with a feature of the invention,
different types of overvoltage arresters may be included
; in the arrester module 16. Attention is directed to FIGS.
2 through 5 wherein three different types of voltage arresters
are illustrated in conjunction with the arrester module 16.
As referred to briefly above, FIG. 2 illustrates a pair of
carbon air gap type arrester assemblies 54 and 56 for pro-
viding line protectiDn to a pair of lines. The arrester assem-
¦ blies 54 and 56 are identical, whereby only the arrester assem-
i! bly 54 will be described in detail. The arrester assembly
54 includes a carbon air gap type arrester comprising a generally
~,' disc-shaped electrode 102, and a generally cylindrical elec-
t~ode 104 mounted within an annular insulating and spacing
sleeve member 106 of dielectric material such as ceramic.
The slee~e 106 is arranged, in convention~l fashion, to pro-
vide an air gap 107 of predetermined width between facing sur-
faces o the electrodes 102 and 104.
! In accordance with a feature of the invention, the
12~77~3
arrester module is adapted to make direct metallic connection
betweenthe contactors 62 and 64, that is between the line to
be protected and ground, in the event of a prolonged overvoltage
or overcurrent condition on the line. Accordingly, a metallic
cup-shaped housing 108 has a closed end in direct conductivP
contact with the contactor 62, and side walls extending around
the air gap arrester. The open end of the housing 108 is spaced
apart from the opposite contactor 64 by substantially the width
of a fusible, disc-shaped solder pellet 110 interposed between
the closed end of the housing 108 and the electrode disc 102.
Thus, a prolonged overvoltage or overcurrent of the type des-
cribed will cause melting of the fusible pellet llO, whereby
the resilient contactor 62 will urge the housing 108 into
direct metallic contact with the contactor 64, thus forming
;~ a direct metallic contact between the lines to be protected
'~ and ground.
Referring now specifically to FIGS, 3 and 4, a
, similar arrangement of the con~actors 58 and 62, and a contae-
~ .
tor 134 accommodate a three-element gas tube type arrester in
the arrester module 16. The three-~lement gas tube arrester
112 is conventionally formed with a pair of end electrodes
; li4, 116 for connection to a pair of lines to be protected
and a central electrode 118 for connection with ground, whereby
an overvoltage at either electrode will arc over to the center
electrode. The contactor 134 is provided for engagement with
the center electrode 118. A pair of conductive spacer discs
120, 122 are provided interposed between the resilient contact
.. ~ .
- 14 -
~112~77~
clips 58 and 60 and the three-element gas tube 112, t~ maintain
the contactors 58, 60 in tension. A pair of cup-shaped metallic
housings 124, 126 have closed ends in contact with the spacers
120, 122, and side walls extending inwardly to surround the
electrodes 114, 116. A pair of fusible solder discs or pellets
128, 130 are interposed between the closed ends of the cups
124, 126 and the respective electrodes 114, 116 of the gas
tube 112. Thus, when a prolonged overvoltage or over-condition
: occurs on the line associated with ei.ther of the contactors
58 or 60, the associated fusible solder pellet (128 or 130) ;~
will tend to melt, whereby the associated cup-shaped housing
(124 or 126) is urged by the respective resilient contactor
(58 or 62) into direct metallic engagement with the center
electrode 118, thus providing direct metallic contact between
the line to be protected and ground. A U-shaped resilient por-
tion 136 of the contactor 134 is arranged to snappingly en-
gage the center electrode 118, providing both mechanical and
electrical connection therewith. The contactor 134 also in-
, .
cludes a pair of downwardly extending legs 138 which enga~e
the legs 66, 68 in the same ~ashion as the lower portions
of the contactors 60 and 64 of FIG. 2. Thus, the arrester
module 16 of FIGS. 3 and 4 is insertable and rPmovable with
:: respect to the base module 14, in the same fashion as described
`~ above with reference to FIG. 2.
In FIG. 5, a single two element gas tube type over-
; voltage arrester 140 is illustrated in conjunction with the
arrester module 16. It will be appreciated that, similar to
the pair of arresters 54, 56 illustrated in FIG. 2~ a pair of
- 15 -
,
,'~
~12~77~3
similar two-element gas tube arresters may be included in
the arrester module 16, whereby only the single gas tube arres-
ter 140 is illustrated in FIG. 5. The arrester 140 includes
a pair of end electrodes 142, 144, the electrode 142 being
surrounded by a cup-shaped metallic housing member 146, which
is in direct metallic contact with the contactor 60. A fusible
disc-shaped solder pellet 148 is interposed between a second,
similar cup-shaped member 150 and the opposite electrode 144
of the gas tube 140. The cup shaped member 150 is in direct
contact with the resilient contactor 58. Thus, the gas tube
140 is electrically connected between the line to be protected
and ground, for discharging in conventional fashion and response
to over~voltage conditions on the line. In similar fashion
to the arrester assemblies of FIGS. 2 through 4, in response
to a prolonged overvoltage or overcurrent on the line, the
fusible solder pellet 148 tends to melt, whereby the resilient
~ contactor 58 urges the cup shaped metallic member 150 into
; contact with the similar member 146, thus forming direct metal-
lic contact between the line and ground.
In accordance with another feature of this invention
additional terminal modules, substantially identical with the
terminal module 20 and 22, may be utilized to accommodate
, ~ .
additional lines to be protected by the same protector unit.
The features of the terminal modules providing for accepting
such additional modules are substantially identical for either
the clip-type terminal module 20 or the screw-type terminal
module 22~ whereby only the former is illustrated described
herein. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, a second terminal module
- 16 -
112~77B
20a is illustrated connected with the terminal module 20.
It will be noted that the end closure member 28 may be slidably
removed from the end of the terminal module 20, being engaged -
thereon by a complim~ntary tongue and groove arrangement 162
as best seen in FIG. 8. Similar complimentary tongue and
grooves arrangements 164, 166, are provided at either end of
the base module 14, and at either end of the terminal module
20 and 20a. Thus, additional terminal mDdules may be either
added or removed relatively easily by slidably engaging and
disengaging the cooperating tongues and grooves. To accom-
modate electrical connections with the additional terminals of
the terminal module 20a, the line buss 78 is replaced, in FIG. .
7, by a similar, longer line buss 78a. The line buss 78a
includes additional apertures therein.for accommodating the
terminal clips 24a of the terminal module 20a and the holding :
screw 94a thereof.. It will be appreciated with the provisiDn
~ : of yet a longer line buss, that as many additional terminal
~ ; modules may be accommodated as necessary to prQvide protection
to any number of parallel lines, as required in a particular
application.
:` While the present invention has been shown and
~ described herein with reference to preferred embodiments there-
of, it is not desired to limit the invention thereto. On the
contrary, various changes and ~odifications may become apparent
.~ to those skilled in the art, and form a part of this invention
insofar as they fall within the spirit and scope of the ap-
pended claims.
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