Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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This invention relates to measurement engineering,
and more particularly to apparatuses for measuring the power
of a heat radiation and systems based on such apparatuses.
The invention is suitable for use in such branches
of economy which are concerned with the measurement of the
temperature of flame jets, plasma fluxes, gaseous and liquid
jets and with the measurement of the power of laser radiation
as well~
At present, there are a number of production
processes dealing with laser beams used for welding, cutting,
thermal treatment and so on. To effect these processes
adequately, it is necessary in many cases to determine pre-
cisely the amount of the power of the laser beam, which
requires, in turn, that the power of the laser radiation be
controlled without interruption of the laser beam,
Known in the art is a device for measuring the power
of a heat radiation (cf. U,S. Pat. No. 3,282,100, cl. 73-190,
1966), which device comprises a sensitive element introduced
in a heat radiation flux and connected to a meter for register-
ing the variations of the temperature of the sensitive element,
resulted from the heat radiation. The sensitive element of
the device is implemented as a mass of tangled electrically
conductive filament which is fixed immovably and is irradiated
by a heat radiation ~lux obtainable, for example, from a laser
beam. -
The known device is disadvantageous in that the
measurement of the power of the laser beam is accompanied by
a complete interruption of the latter, a feature not per-
missible in many cases due to the fact that the production
process is to be stopped during the measurement.
In addition, the device can measure laser beams of
a low power only since the filament is subject to overheat
with the result that the sensitive element fails to operate.
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Moreover, external conditions such as currents of
air or ingress of dirt give influen~e on the sensitive element,
- thereby resulting in reduced measurement accuracy and low
effectiveness of the known device.
Finally, the device cannot determine the distribution
of the density of the power of a heat radiation in the cross-
section of the laser beam.
An object of the invention is to provide for improved
checking of the production processes utilizing heat radiation
techniques.
Another object of the invention is to provide an
apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation with
greater accuracy.
Still another object of the invention is to provide
an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation having
greater reliability.
A still further object of the invention is to pro-
vide for measuring the power of a heat radiation in a contin-
uous mode.
In accordance with a specific embodiment, an apparatus
for measuring the power of a heat radiation, comprises a
sensitive element disposed in a heat radiation flux and adapted
to be displaced relative to the latter at a stabilized speed,
a meter for registering the variations of the temperature of
said sensitive element, resulted from the heat radiation.
Preferably, an apparatus for measuring the power of
a heat radiation comprises a drive means with an output shaft
having an axis of revolution disposed in a lateral or a longi-
tudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, the sensitive
element being disposed on the drive means.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power
of a heat radiation comprises a main disc mounting the sensitive
element and installed on the output shaft of the drive means
at right angles to the axis of revolution of the shaft. ~;
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Preferably, an apparatus for measuring the power of
a heat radiation comprises a sensitive element implemented as
an electrically conductive filament bent in a wavelike fashion
in the plane of revolution of the main disc and disposed in a
~ixed relation to the periphery of the latter.
Advantageously, in an apparatus for measuring the
power of a hea~ radiation there is a tubing adapted to contain
the heat radiation flux in the case where the axis of revolu-
tion of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged in a
lateral relation to the heat radiation flux, the tubing
mounting an element allowed to be rotated relative to the
latter, and a bracket being rigidly coupled with the element
and the drive means.
Preferably, in an apparatus for measuring the power
of a heat radiation, in the case where the axis of revolution
of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged in a lateral
relation to the heat radiation flux, there is an additional
disc disposed on the output shaft in a parallel relation to
the main disc, a distance between the main disc and the addi-
tional disc being selected to be more than the cross-section
of the heat radiation flux.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power
of a heat radiation comprises a sensitive element implemented
as an electrically conductive filament arranged in a tense
zigzaglike fashion between the main and the additional disc
Preferably, the main disc and the additional disc
are made each of a dielectric material.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power
of a heat radiation comprises, in the case where the axis of
revolution of the output shaft of the drive means is arranged
in a longitudinal relation to the heat radiation flux, a
sensitive element implemented in the form of at least one
strip made of a material which tends to vary its linear
dimensions with temperature, the width of the strip being
selected to be less than the cross-section of the heat
radiation flux, the length of the strip being selected to be
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; more than the cross-section of the heat radiation flux, the
strip having its plane disposed at right angles to the axis
of revolution of the output shaft of the drive means, and the
meter for registering the variations of the temperature of
the sensitive element resulted from the heat radiation being
implemented as a linear displacement pickup that measures a
deformation of the strip along the axis of revolution of the
output shaft.
Preferably, in an apparatus for measuring the power of
a heat radiation the strip is made of a bimetallic material.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power
of a heat radiation in which, in the case where the sensitive
element is implemented as a single strip, the latter is affixed
to the output shaft of the drive means by virtue of a clamp
rigidly attached to the output shaft in a manner that the ends
of the strip are attached to the clamp and the mid portion of
the strip, which is the center of revolution of the latter, is
kept in contact with an input of the linear displacement pickup,
the strip providing a thermal shield for the clamp so that the
heat radiation flux does not impinge on the latter.
Preferably, apparatus for measuring the power of a
heat radiation in which, in the case where the sensitive
element is implemented as a strip or a plurality of strips,
the strip(s) each having one end connected with the output
shaft of the drive means, the linear displacement pickup having
a mirror member attached to the other end of a respective strip
and irradiated by a light beam from a light source, and having
a readout scale inserted in the path of a reflected light beam.
Advantageously, an apparatus for measuring the power
of a heat radiation in which the mirror member is implemented
as a polished flat portion on the other end of a respective
strip.
Preferably, a system for measuring the power of a
heat radiation comprises at least three apparatuses for measur
ing the power of a heat radiation, according to the invention,
which system can determine the distribution of the density of
the power of heat radiation across the heat flow.
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In accordance with a specific embodiment of the
latter aspect, there is provided a system for measuring the
power of heat radiation comprised of at least three apparatuses
for measuring the power of a heat radiation, said apparatuses
being located at 120 to one another, and each of them com-
prising a sensitive element inserted in said heat radiation
flux and adapted to be displaced therein at a stabilized speed:
a meter for registering the variations of the temperature of
said sensitive element, resulted from said heat radiation,
said meter being coupled to said sensitive element.
m e instant invention provides for a continuous
operating mode of the proposed apparatus.
With the invention, the time during which the
sensitive element is held within the zone of the heat radiation
is reduced and the sensitive element is cooled more effectively
with the result that the reliability of the proposed apparatus
is increased.
In the proposed apparatus, the speed of rotation of
the sensitive element is selected so that the currents of air
and variations of the ambient temperature at the place of
installation of the apparatus do not affect the measurement
accuracy.
The speed of rotation of the sensitive element can
be varied and the power of a heat radiation can therefore be '~
measured within wide limits.
The invention will now be described,by way of example,
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a generaL diagrammatic representation of
an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation with
a main disc and a sensitive element in the form of an electric-
ally conductive filament, the axis of revolution of the output
shaft of a drive means mounting the main disc being disposed
in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux, according to
the invention;
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FIGURE 2 is a view in the direction of a~row ~ of
Fig. 1, according to the invention;
FIGURE 3 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of
Fig. 1 in which the axis of revolution of the output shaft of
the drive means is located in a longitudinal relation to the
heat radiation flux, according to the invention;
FIGURE 4 is a view in the direction of arrow B of
Fig. 1, according to the invention,
FIGURE 5 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of
Fig. 1 having a tubing in which the heat radiation flux is
contained and about which an element connected with the drive
means is rotated,
FIGURE 6 is a view in the direction of arrow C of
Fig. 5, according to the invention;
FIGURE 7 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of
Fig. 1 having an additional disc, according to the invention;
FIGURE 8 is a view in the direction of arrow D of
Fig. 7, according to the invention,
FIGURE 9 is a general diagrammatic representation
of an apparatus for measuring the power of a heat radiation
in which the sensitive element is implemented as a strip
attached to a clamp, according to the invention,
FIGURE 10 is a view in the direction of arrow E of -
Fig. 9, according to the invention;
FIGURE 11 shows the embodiment of Fig. 9 in which
the strip has one end attached to the output shaft of the
drive means, according to the invention, ~-
FIGURE 12 is a view in the direction of arrow F of
Fig. 10, according to the invention,
FIGURE 13 is a general diagrammatic representation
of a system for measuring the power of a heat radiation, based
on three apparatuses of Fig. 3, according to the invention,
FIGURE 14 is a view in the direction of arrow G of
Fig. 13, according to the invention.
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The apparatus for measuring the power of a heat
radiation, according to the invention, comprises a drive means
(Fig, 1) with an output shaft 2 having an axis of revolution 3
disposed in a lateral relation to a heat radiation flux 4. In
the described embodiment, a main disc 5 is mounted on the out-
put shaft 2 at right angles to the axis of revolution 3, the
main disc 5 being made of a dielectric material. Introduced
in the heat radiation flux 4 is a sensitive element implemented,
according to the given embodiment, in the form of an electrically
conductive filament 6 (Fig. 1,2) which is bent in a wavelike
fashion in the plane of revolution of the main disc 5 (Fig, 2)
and is disposed in a fixed relation relative to the periphery
of the latter. The apparatus also comprises a meter 7 for
registering the variation of the temperature of the sensitive
element, resulted from the heat radiation, and the inputs of
the meter 7 connect to ends 9 of the filament 6 through slip
rings 8.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate an embodiment of the
apparatus of the invention analogous to that shown in Figs. 1
and 2 with the exception that the axis of revolution 3 of the
output shaft 2 of the drive means l~is located in a longitudinal
relation to the heat radiation flux 4.
In another embodiment the apparatus of the invention
comprises a tubing 11 (Fig. 5) attached to a prop 10 and con-
taining the heat radiation flux 4. The prop 10 is affixed toa base plate 12. An element 13 is the form of a ring (herein-
after referred to as a ring 13) is mounted on the tubing 11
and is allowed to be rotated about the latter. The ring 13
is coupled with an electric motor 14 on the base plate 12 by `~
virtue of a belt transmission 15. The latter comprises a
drive pulley 16, a transmission rope 17 and a driven pulley 18.
The ring 13 and the drive means 1 are rigidly coupled with each
other by virtue of a bracket 19 (Figc, 5,6) and the axis of
revolution of the output shaft 2 is disposed in a lateral
relation to the heat radiation flux 4. The drive means 1 is
connected to outputs 20 of a power supply (not shown in the
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drawing) by means of slip rings 21 (Fig. 5) mounted on the
ring 13. The 91ip rings 8 (Figs. 5,6) are connected to the
inputs of the meter 7 by means of another pair of slip rings
22 mounted on the ring 13.
A still another embodiment of the apparatus of the
invention comprises an additional disc 23 (Figs, 7,8) attached
to the output shaft 2 in a parallel relation to the main disc
5. The additional disc 23 is made of dielectric material.
The distance between the main disc 5 and the additional disc
23 (Fig. 7~ must exceed the cross-section of the heat radiation
flux 4. In this embodiment the sensitive element is implemented
as an electrically conductive filament 6 which is stretched
tight in a zigzaglike fashion between the discs 5 and 23
(Fig, 7) and is fixed over the peripheries of the discs. As
to the remaining features, the embodiment is analogous to that
shown in Fig. 3.
A yet another embodiment of the apparatus of the
invention deals with a sensitive element implemented in the
form of a strip 24 (Figs. 9,10) made of a bimetallic material.
The width of the strip 24 (Fig. 10) must be less than the ~`
cross-section of the heat radiation~flux 4, while the length
of the strip 24 must be more than the cross-section of the
heat radiation flux 4. The apparatus of this embodiment com-
prises a clamp 25 (Fig. 9) mounted on the output shaft 2, The
ends of the strip 24 are attached to the ends of the clamp 24
so that the latter protects the clamp 25 from the heat radi-
ation flux 4. The meter 7 (Figs. 3,5,6,7) is a conventional
linear displacement pickup 26 (Fig. 9) having an input 27
brought into a contact with the said portion of the strip 24,
which is the center of revolution of the latter.
In another embodiment of the apparatus of the
invention, the sensitive element comprises two strips 28, 29
(Figs. 11,12) each having one end attached to the output shaft
2 so that the plane of each of the strips 28, 29 is disposed
at right angles to the heat radiation flux 4.
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The linear displacement pickup 26 comprises mirror
members 30,31 attached to the other ends o~ respective strips
28, 29, As the output shaft 2 rotates, a light beam 32 from
a light source 33 impinges alternately on the mirror members
30, 31, for example, on the mirror member 30. A readout scale
is inserted in the path of a reflected light beam 34,
According to the invention there is provided a system
(Fig, 13) for measuring the power of a heat radiation, based on
three apparatuses 36 of Fig. 3. The apparatuses 36 (Figs,
13,14) are located at 120 to one another so that their elec- `
trically conductive filaments 6 tend to overlap the cross-
section of the heat radiation flux 4.
The apparatus of the invention operates in the
following manner. The sensitive element introduced in a heat
radiation flux absorbs a portion of the heat energy thereof
with the result that the temperature of the sensitive element
is increased. The latter rotates at a stabilized speed and
its temperature is therefore maintained at a preset level.
In the case wherethe sensitive element is an
electrically conductive filament 6 (Fig, 1), the ends 9 of
the latter are connected to the meter 7 calibrated in terms
of the power o~ heat radiation and adapted to measure the
variations of the resistance of the filament 6.
In the case where the filament 6 (Figs, 1,2) is fixed
over the periphery of the main disc 5 and the axis of revolu-
tion 3 of the output shaft 2 of the drive means 1 is located
in a lateral relation to the heat radiation flux 4, the
apparatus of the invention measures the power of the latter -
so that an even distribution of the density of the power over
the cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4 is obtained,
In the case where the axis of revolution 3 (Figs~
3,4) is located in a longitudinal relation to the heat
radiation flux 4, the apparatus of the invention measures the
total power of the heat radiation flux 4.
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The two embodiments are advantageous in that an
increase in the number of revolutions of the output shaft 2,
at a minimal magnitude of the heat radiation flux 4 (Figs,
1,2,3,4), makes the wave sections of the filament 6 more
stable due to the fact that the stacking plane of the wave
section of the filament 6 coincides with the plane in which
the external forces tend to act which are centrifugal ones
in nature.
Such an optimum configuration allows for the use
of the filament 6 having a minimum cross-section with the
result that the delay property of the apparatus is kept at
a minimum,
In the case where the drive means 1 is joined rigidly,
by virtue of the bracket 19 (Figs, 5,6), with the ring 13
mounted on the tubing 11, the filament 6 is allowed to be
rotated additionally about the heat radiation flux 4 continued
in the tubing 11, In this case, the apparatus of the inven-
tion measures a spatial distribution of the power of heat
radiation in any of the sections through the heat radiation
flux 4,
In the case where the filament 6 (Figs. 7,8) is
stretched tight in a zigzaglike fashion between the discs 5
and Z3, the apparatus of the invention measures the total
power of the heat radiation flux 4,
In tha case where the sensitive element is made in
the form of the strip 24 (Figs, 9,10) or two strips 28, 29
(Figs, 11,12), the meter 7 is the linear displacement pickup
26 calibrated in terms of the power of heat radiation,
When activated by a heat radiation, the strip 24
(Figs, 9,10) or the strips 28, 29 (Figs, 11,12) are subject
to a deformation whose magnitude, after a proper calibration,
is representative of the power of the heat radiation flux 4.
The mid portion of the strip 24 (Figs, 9,10) having
its ends attached to the clamp 25 is in direct contact with
the input 27 of the pickup 26 which measures the deformation
magnitude,
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The heat radiation flux 4 passes through the strips
28, 29 (Figs. 11,12) and the latter are subject to a deform-
ation with the result that the position of the mirror members
30, 31 is changed relative to a rather narrow light beam 32,
This causes a change in the position of the reflected light
beam 34 and the change is read against the readout scale 35
of the pickup 26
A polished flat portion (not shown in the drawing)
can be used instead of any of the mirror members 30, 31, said
flat portion being implem~nted on each of the other ends of
the strips 28, 29,
To determine the position of the power peak of the
heat radiation flux 4, a system incorporating three apparatuses
36 (Figs. 13,14) is used. l'he relative positions of the
apparatuses 36 at 120 to one another allows for concurrent
determination of the total power and the position of the power
peak in any cross-section of the heat radiation flux 4.
The instant inven~ion features high technicoeconomical
characteristics since the power of a heat radiation can be
measured in a wide range without introducing any construction
modifications in the apparatus of the invention' in addition,
the apparatus of the invention utilizes mass-production
instruments and materials.
The invention is also advantageous in that its
apparatuses, if failed, can be replaced easily. Since the
apparatus of the invention has small dimensions, it can be
installed at any desirable point of a heat radiation flux
under measurement' this feature also provides for improved
operational qualities and reduced fabrication cost.
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