Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ADparatus for guiding an conveying ventilation air
The invention relates to an apparatus for guiding and distributing
ventilation air in premises and rooms, comprising means for generating
guiding air jets which guide ventilation air in a desired direction in
the room by providing an additional impulse, the guiding air jets being
generated by means of nozzles which are connected to a se?arate small-bore
ductin~ system containing nressure increasing means, at least a Dortion of
the ventilation air being caused to flow through air treatment means.
It is well-known in prior art to convey and distribute ventilation
air in a room with the help of nozzles which blow concentrated air jets
in the direction5in which the ventilation air is to be conveyed. According
to this known technique, the processed ventilation air can be su?plied to
the room at a relatively low rate. A nozzle is ?laced at a specified distance
from the air delivery means, or built together with it, said nozzle blowing
a Jet of air in a desired direction. The air jet gives incoming air an
extra impulse, i.e. extra momenturn, which carries it further on in the
room. By placing the nozzles in suitable positions, the incoming air is
continuously given the imDulse necessary -For it to be conveyed further to
a desired ?lace in the room. The air jets are thus utilized as carriers of
the incominy air. The advantage with this system is, as indicated above,
that the incoming air can be introduced into the room at a relatively low
speed, thus substantially eliminating draft problems and uneven temperature
distribution in the room resulting from too lar~e flows and/or speeds of
the incoming air. Another advantaye with the known air jet system is that
ducts for distributing ventilation air in the rooms which are to be
ventilated can be disnensed with, since both conveyance and distribution
of air within the room can be carried out using the air jet technique.
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In the ventilation systems ~reviously known it is still necessary
to use large ducts for conveyin~ treated ventilation air to the rooms ^Jhich
are to be ventilated. The ventilation air contains a certain amount of
outside air together with recirculated and nurified return air which is
caused to Dass a central air treatment unit. On the other hand, air to
the nozzles can be supplied through a small-bore ducting system, i.e.
ducting with small cross-sectional areas, and this ducting does not need
to be insulated, in contrast to the large ducts for the treated air, and
is naturally considerably simpler to install and adjust to the building
structure.
The present invention intends to eliminate these drawbacks in
ventilation systems based on the air iet technique, which includes conveying
treated ventilation air in large unisolated ducts to different rooms from
a central processing unit by trans~orting treated or untreated outside air
to the air jet nozzles instead, while the ventilation air guided by the air
'ets is caused to recirculate through air treatment means which are also
circulation units ?laced in each room.
With a ventilation system in accordance with the invention, it is
thus only necessary to suDply the small amounts of outside air necessary
for meeting the ventilation requirement in each room, and the outside air
can be conveyed in a small-bore ducting system which does not need to be
insulated, and can be easily suited to the existing or Dlanned building
structure.
According to a broad aspect 'che invention relates to a
plant for guiding and distributing ventilation air in rooms
and premises, comprising means for generating directing
air jets which by means of impulse will direct and guide
ventilation air in a desired direction within the room,
directing air jets being generated by means of nozzles which
!j, ~ are connected to a small bore ducting system comprising pressure
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generating means, said small bore ducting s~stem being adapted
for the distribution of a directing air flow which is substanti-
ally less than the flow of ventilation air in said rooms or
premises, at least a portion of said ventilation air being
called to flow through air treatment means, characterized in
that said small bore ducting system is adapted for conveying
only outside air to said air jet nozzles, and that said air
treatment means are located in or within immediate connection
to the premises to the ventilation, said air treatment means
comprising circulation units known per se to circulate the
ventilation air within said rooms or premises.
Some embodi~ents of the apparatus in accordance with the invention
will now be described in detail while referring to the attached drawings,
on which
--. Fig. 1 is a section of a room havin~ a ceiling air treatment unit
with a se?arate air Jet nozzle,
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Fig. 2 is a section of a room having a floor unit, similarly combined
with a separate air jet nozzle,
Fig. 3 is a section of a room having a ceiling treatment unit, in
which the air Jet nozzle is incornorated as a ?art of the air delivery
means, wI-ile
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the arrangement in Fig. 3.
The section in Fig. 1 shows a ventilation a?para.us in accordance
with the invention, installed in a room with floor 1, ceiling 2 and outer
wall 3 with window 4. The temperature in the room is regulated by an air
circulation unit 5 with heater 6, cooling battery 7 and a fan ~. The
quantity of air through the unit and/or the tem?erature in the heater and
cooling batterv is re~ulated by a thermostat (not shown). Air is thus caused
to circulate through the unit 5, the return air flowing in through a gri11e
13 to the rear of the apparatus 5, and flowing out through an air delivery
grille 9 formed in such a way that the air is caused to flow along the
ceiling and towards the interior of the room. In this tyDe of installation,
the circulation unit is not capable of keeping insufficiently heated air
flowing along the ceiling, and such air will fall downwards, especially
with open false ceiling structures, thus causing drafts. Accordin~ to known
technique, an air jet nozzle 10 is p1aced immediately behind the unit 5,
seen in the direction of the air flow, and is connected in accordance with
the invention to a small-bore ducting system 11, intended for conveying
outside air to the room.
The jet of outside air gives the air flowing out from the grille 9
an extra imDulse which carries it further along and keeps it against the
ceiling until it deflects downwards at the inner wall, and returns along
the floor towards the window wall 3, where it turns upwards and is sucked in
through the return air grille 13 of the circulation unit 5.
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In Fig. ~, the circulation unit 5 has been rlaced against the windo
wall 3, just under the window 4, and incomin~ air is caused to flow
directly upwards towards the ceiling 2, where it deflects towards the
interior of the room. The air jet nozzle 10 is placed at the ceiling here
as well, the jet from it directed towards the interior of the room to give
the air flowing along the ceiling an extra impulse and thereby the desired
length of throw, thus preventing the air From falling down towards the
floor too quickly and causing drafts. Flow formation is substantially the
same here as in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 3 there is shown a section of a hotel room ventilated by
means of a circulation unit 5, arranged for blowing air out horizontally
above a false ceiling 12 with a grille 13 For return air. As previously,
he circulation unit has an air delivery means 9 in which there is incoroorated
the
a nozzle 10 for a guiding air jet, although/means can naturally be a unit
entirely seDarate from the nozzle. The nozzle is connected to a main duct
14 via a duct 11. The ventilation apparatus shown in the Figure is in this
case installed in a hall 16 leading to a bedroom 17, the main duct 14 being
placed above the false ceiling in a corridor 15, wherefrom entry is made
into the hall 15 and from there to the bedroom 17. The circulation unit
is olaced above the false ceiling 12 in the hall 16, return air passing
through the grille 13 to the circulation unit 5 and via the air delivery
grille 9 into the bedroom 17. With this arrangement of the air jet nozzle
1~, the ventilation air is given an extra impulse as it flows out of the
delivery means, and the air stream is thus kept against the ceiling 2 until
it reaches the outside wall 3 and window 4, where it deflects towards the
floor 1 to return to the circulation unit.
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Fig. li is a nlan view of the arrangement according to Fig. 3, from
which it is apparent that the hall 16 with the circulation unit 5 and
the air jet nozzle 10 are located along one of the two longitudinal walls
of the room, which makes ventilation of the room more difFicult. In a
conventional structure, without the cluicling air jet, it is difficult to
obtain effective ventilation of the whole room, since air flows and flow
sneeds of sufficient magnitude will simultaneously give rise to drafts
which cannot be permitted. The nozzle 10 is thus formed so that the air
jets can be directed in different directions in the room to ~ive the desired
flow formation. The WC and bathroom 19 are naturally e~uipDed with an
evacuation outlet ~0 in a conventional manner, which means that a certain
amount of the ventilation air su?plied cannot be recirculated. The evacuated
air is taken away conventionally by evacuating ducts (not shown).
In this embocliment of an aD~aratus in accordance with the invention
the outside air is thus distributed to the guiding ]et nozzles via a
small-bore ducting system, with main ducts 11~ and branch ducts 11 to each
room, which re~uires comparatively small space in comparison with a.
conventional ventilation system. The outside air distributed in the small-
bore system is suitably heated during the cold season by utilizing the
evacuation air. During the warm season, the incoming air can be coo1ed
instead. Heat recovery during the cold season has also the object of ~revent-
in~ condensation on the uninsulated outsides of the ducting system, before
the air in the duct has been able to take up sufficient heat from the space
above the false ceiling. Cooling during the warm season is also intended to
reduce the moisture content of the air. As an alternative to cooling in the
summer, the moisture in the air can be removed by an arrangement in the
circulation aDDaratus, which must then be connected to a draining system.
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However, what is essential is that apart from the small-bore ducting system,
no other system is required for suDplying outside air to the rooms to be
ventilated.
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