Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1J 323~8
BACKGROUND OF l~HE INVENTION
This invention relates to the field of treating textile
fabrics with fabric finishing agents. More particularly, this
invention relates to a novel method of application of fabric fin-
ishing agents to textile fabrics.
Conventionally, the treating of textile fabrics with
finishing agents, e.g., coloring agents or dyes, resins, and the
like, has always involved a procedure wherein the finishing agent
is either dissolved or dispersed in a suitable liquid medium,
such as, an aqueous or organic liquid, and then the mixture of
the finishing agent and liquid medium are applied to the fabric.
Thereafter, the carrier is removed from the fabric, usually by
evaporation with or without heat. It is further conventional to
use small amounts of the finishing agent, relative to the amount
of liquid medium in order to conserve the amount of the finishing
agent used. This results in the problem that relatively large
amounts of liquid medium must be removed from the fabric. Conse-
quently, a substantial amount of the cost incurred in such pro-
cesses resides in the liquid medium removal step.
Such liquid media present a further problem in that
after they are removed, they must either be disposed of or recov-
ered for re-use. In the case of an aqueous treatment system
wherein the liquid media is water, the water is normally disposed
of as waste. In recent years, the environmental problems that
related to the disposal of the water with residual finishing agents
therein have become increasingly important.
113Z308
1 With respect to organic solvents as the liquid medium,
2 it is normally desirable to recover them because of their
3 relatively hish cost. Obviously, such recovery systems only
4 add to the expense of the over all treatment process. Moreover,
disposal of the solvent, if it is desired not to recover it,
6 also presents environmental problems.
7 The foregoing problems become even more severe when
8 ! textile fabrics which are highly absorbent are treated. Thus,
9 ! for example, when it is desired to treat or finish pile fabrics,
I e.g., carpeting, sliver knit fabrics, and the like, the fabrics
11 absorb great quantities of the water or organic solvent, thus
12 making the solvent removal step even more difficult and
13 expensive. Additionally, because of the relatively large
14 ~ absorption of the liquid, the weight of the wet fabric which is
¦ being handled increases significantly, and often results in
16 processing problems.
17 SU~ARY OP THE INVENTION
.
18 ! We have discovered a method for treating and finishing
19 textile fabrics with fabric finishing agents which substantially
reduces the problems caused by the large amount of liquid medium
21 utilized in the conventional processes. Particularly, we have
22 discovered that by incorporating an amount of the finishing agent
23 ¦which is effective to produce the desired finishing effect on the
24 fabric, in a foamable material which is capable of forming a foam
having a blow ratio in the range from about 2:1 to 20:1, the
26 agent may be applied utilizing substantially less liquid medium
27 than that conventionally used. Generally, the composition of
28 the present invention contains from about 0.001 to 95 weight
29 percent of a fabric finishing agent, and up to about 10 weight
3o percent of a foam stabilizer, the remainder of the composition
i -
~13~30~3
1 ~jbeing essentially the liquid medium and other conventional
2 ¦1 additives. All weights used herein are based on the total weight
3 ¦ of composition before foaming.
4 ¦ The composition is utilized by first converting it into
a foam by conventional procedures, and then coating the foamed
6 composition onto the fabric. Thereafter, the coated fabric is
7 compressed, padded or vacuumed to assure complete penetration of
8 ~e foam through the fabric and it is then subjected to a drying
9 ¦and any conventlonal curing or ixation steps desired, depending
¦on the nature of the finishing agent.
By virtue of the use of the foamable composition of the
12 ¦Ipresent invention in the manner described above, the amount of
13 ¦1 liquid coated onto the fabric is substantially less, relative to
14 ¦ the amount of finishing agent on the fabric. Consequently, the amount
15 ~ f liquid to be removed from the fabric is significantly
16 decreased as are the problems associated with absorption of the
17 ~liquid by the fabric.
18 I BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
19 ¦ The figure is a schematic diagram of a process in
accordance with the present invention.
21 DESCRI~TION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
22 I Referring to the figure, shown generally at 10, is a roll
23 f fabric travelling in the direction indicated by arrow "A".
24 The fabric is conveyed onto conveyor 12 which may be any type of
conveying means conventionally used in the art, e.g., an endless
26 conveying belt, a tenter frame, etc.
27 Simultaneously, in mixing tank 14, the composition in
28 accordance with the present invention i.e., the finishing agent,
29 foam stabilizer, and liquid diluent, i.e., organic solvent,
3o l water or dispersing liquid, is foamed by the use of mixer 16.
1~ _4_
Il 11323~
1 ~ M er 16 may be any type ~oaming device conventionally used in
2 the art, e.g., Oakes, Godwin card, etc.
3 The composition, after foaming, is transferred through
4 line 18 by pump 20 to knife 22. At this point, the foamed mixture
is coated onto the fabric to produce a coated fabric designated
6 as 24. The coated fabric then goes through nip rolls 26 and 28
7 which serve to compress the foamed composition and insure that it
8 penetrates throughout the fabric. Typically, rolls 26 and 28 are
9 of a rubber or elastomeric material. Alternately, a vacuum may
~O be applied either in conjunction with or independent of the rolls
11 to the bottom side of the fabric to draw the foam through the
12 fabric. This penetration step also destroys the bubbles of the
13 foam and assures uniform penetration and application of the
14 finishing agent. Thereafter, the completely impregnated fabric ic
conveyed through a drying and curing means which are any of those
16 conventionally known in the art and designated as 30. The cured
17 fabric is then wound on to take-up roll 32.
18 As used herein, the term "finishing agent" is intended to
19 collectively include both coloring agents e.g., dyes, pigments
and the like, color developers, e.g., acid developers for rapid-
21 ogen colors, as well as agents which are used to treat fabrics
22 to impart various properties to the fabric, e.g., water repell-
23 ants, antistatic agents, weighting agents, durable press agents,
24 soild release agents, softening agents, fire retardant agents,
hand builders and the like. These finishing agents are conven-
26 tionally used in the art and the pa-ticular processin~ conditions,
27 e.g., temperatures, pressures, specific preferred agent concen-
28 trations, drying times, and temperatures, fixation or curing
29 temperatures, etc., utilized with the various type finishing
3o agents are well known to the skilled art worker,
.
~ 113Z30~
1 Thus~ the particular finishi~g agent used in the present
2 process is not particularly important, so long as it is one which
3 is conventionally applied to fabric using a liquid medium as
4 described hereinabove. All of such finishing agents are
susceptible to application by the present process and incorpora-
6 tion into the present composition.
7 The amount of the finishing agent used will, of course,
8 depend on the particular finishing agent and the desired effect.
9 It is only necessary to use an amount of the finishing agent
which is effective to produce the desired result. This amount
11 may be determined by the skilled artisan.
12 The present process and composition may be used to finish
13 all types and classes of fabrics and is particularly advantageous
14 for those fabrics which exhibit a high wet pick-up, e.g., pile
fabrics, including sliver knit fabrics, carpets, flocked fabric,
16 napped fabric, and the like, and double knit fabrics.
17 In the description that follows, all weight percents
18 are based on the total weight of the composition. For dyeing
19 purposes, the foamable composition of the present invention may
be prepared by mixing from about 0.001 to 15 weight percent, and
21 preferably from about 0.01 to 10 weight percent, of one or more
22 coloring agents with up to about lOweight percent, and preferably
23 fromabout 0.01 to 5 weight percent of a foam stabilizer, with a
24 liquid medium, such as, water, or an organic solvent. Generally,
the remainder of the mixture is the liquid medium, although
26 other additives conventional in the art may be utilized.
27 As used herein, the term "coloring agent" includes dye-
28 stuffs, pigments, and other materials which are conventionally
29 used to impart co}or to textile fabrics. Typically, all classes
3o of dyestuffs may be used, e.g., dispersed dyes, cationic dyes,
113;~308
1 I direct dyes, reactive dyes, acid dyes, piq~ents, and blend~
2 ¦ thereof.
3 I When the particular finishing operation is a dyeing
4 ¦ procedure, additives, e.g., dye carriers, solvents, thickeners,
~ softeners, urea, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and other
6 dyeing auxiliaries and combinations of these materials may be
7 ¦ used.
8 ¦ For water repellent treatments, the foamable composition
9 I may be prepared by mixing from ahout 2 to 15 weight percent, and
l ¦ preferably from about 4 to 9 weight percent of a water proofing
ll I agent and up to about 5 weight percent, preferably from 0.01 to 3
12 weight percent of a foam stabilizer with a carrier, such as,
13 water, or an organic solvent. Here again, the remainder of the
14 mixture is essentially the liquid medium, but other conventional
ingredients, e.g., stabilizers, catalysts, softeners, resins,
16 hand buildérs, thickeners, etc., may be added.
17 Suitable water proofing resins for use in the present
18 invention include fluorochemical water repellants, silicone
19 water rèpellents, metal complexes, waxes, and other hydrophobic
agents conventionally used for rendering fabrics water repellent,
21 i e.g., fatty acid salts or polyvalent metal cations, and the like.
22 For antistat finishes, a foamable composition may be
23 prepared by mixing from 0.5 to lO weight percent and, preferably,
24 from about 0.5 to 5 weight percent of an antistat agent and
up to about 5 weight percent, preferably, from 0.01 to 3 weight
26 percent of a foam stabilizer with a carrier such as, water or an
27 organic solvent. Here again, the remainder of the mixture is
28 ¦lessentially the liquid medium but other conventional ingredients,
29 e.g., stabilizers, resins, thickeners, catalysts, softeners,
3o hand builders, etc., may be added.
~ ~7
11~2308
l ¦~ Suitable antistat agents include polyethoxy compoun~s,
2 1 quarternary ammonium compounds, and other cationic compounds,
3 ~ ester compounds, poly carboxylic compounds, polyhydroxy compounds,
4 I and other anionic compounds, natural gums, starches, starch
5 ¦ derivatives, cellulose derivatives, synthetic polymeric compound
6 ¦¦ and blends of these compounds.
7 ¦ For the application of weighting agents, a foamable
8 composition may be prepared by mixing from about 0.5 to 15 weight
9 percent, preferably, from 0.5 to 10 weight percent of a
l~ ' conventional weighter and up to about 5 weight percent,
ll ¦ preferably, from O.Olto 3 weight percent of a foam stabilizer,
12 ¦I with a carrier or diluent such as water or an organic solvent~
13 ¦¦ Here again, the remainder of the mixture is essentially a liquid
14 1¦ medium, but other conventional ingredients, e.g., stabilizers,
¦ resins, thickeners, catalysts, softeners, hand builders and the
i like may be added.
17 Suitable weighters include natural gums, starch, starch
18 ¦ derivatives, cellulose derivatives, polyesters, polyoxyethylene
19 1 compounds~ acrylic polymer emulsions, synthetic polymeric
I compounds and blends of these compounds.
2~ ¦ For durable press finishing, a foamable composition may
22 ¦ be prepared by mixing from lO to 60 weight percent, preferably,
23 ¦ from about 20 to 40 weight percent of a durable press resin and
24 up to about lO weight percent, preferably, from 0.01 to 5 weight
percent of a foam stabilizer with a carrier such as, water or an
26 organic solvent. Here again, the remainder of the mixture is
27 essentially the liquid medium, but other conventional ingredients
28 e.g., stabilizers, catalysts, softeners, hand builders, wetting
29 agents, thickeners, soil releasing agents, etc., may be added.
3
113~308
1 ~ Suitable durable press resins inclu~e dimethylol
2 ~ dihydroxy ethylene urea resins, triazone formaldehyde resins,
3 1 urea formaldehyde resins, ethylene urea formaldehyde resins,
4 glyoxal resins, propylene urea formaldehyde resins, carbamate
resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, other N-Methylol resins,
6 N-Methylol ether resins and blends of these resins.
7 For application of a soil release finish, a foamable
8 1 composition may be prepared by mixing from 0.5 to 15 weight
9 1 percent and preferably from 0.5 to 10 weight percent of a soil
release agent, and up to about 10 weight percent, preferably
11 from 0.01 to 5 weight percent of a foam stabilizer with a carrier
12 ~such as, water or an organic solvent. If a soil release treatment
13 lis carried out in conjunction with durable press finishing, a
4 ¦~foamable~ composition may be prepared by mixing from about 0.5 to
15 1115 weight percent, preferably 0.5 to 10 weight percent, of a soil
16 l¦releasing agent, from about 10 to 60 weight percent, preferably
17 i! from 20 to 40 weight percent, of a durable press resin and up to
18 ¦ about 10 weight percent, preferably 0.01 to 5 weight percent, of a
19 1 foam stabilizer with a carrier such as, water or an organic
solvent.
21 Here again, the remainder of the mixture consists
22 essentially of the liquid medium, but other conventional ingred-
23 ients, e.g., stabilizers, resins, catalysts, softeners, hand
24 builders, wetting agents, thic~eners, etc., may be added.
Suitable soil releasing agents i~clude poly-carboxylic
26 1 compounds, poly-oxyethylene compounds, polyhydroxy compounds,
27 acrylic polymer emulsions, natural gums, resins, starches, starch
28 derivatives, cellulose derivatives, synthetic polymeric compounds,
29 and blends of these compounds.
3 1
,
: .
1~
~l l
1132308
1 For a flame retardant finish, a foamable composition may
2 be prepared by mixing from about 5 to 95 weight percent,
3 preferably, from 10 to 95 weight percent of a flame retardant and
4 up to about lOweight percent, preferably from 0.01 to 5 weight
percent, of a foam stabilizer with a carrier such as, water or
6 an organic solvent. The remainder of the mixture is essentially
7 the liquid medium, but eonventional ingredients, e.g., stabilizers ,
8 eatalysts, resins, softeners, harld builders, ete., may be added.
9 Suitable flame retardants include tris-dibromopropyl
phosphate, tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium eompounds,
11 N-methylol phosphonamides, organo-phosphorous eompounds, nitrogen
12 eompounds, phosphorous eompounds, antimony eompounds, bromine
13 eontaining eompounds, other organie and inorganic flame retar-
14 dants and blends of these compounds.
As is clear from the foregoing, the specific types of
16 finishing agents as well as the additives are conventional in
17 the art.
18 Suitable foam stabilizers whieh can be used in the present
19 eomposition include metal salts of fatty acids, e.g., potassium
stearate, ammonium salts of fatty acids, e.g., ammonium stearate,
21 sodium lauryl sulfate, eoeonut oil diethanol amide, disodium
22 N-octadeeyl sulfo suceinamide, ethoxylated dialkyl silieones,
23 glyeol polysiloxanes, fatty acid esters, and blends of these
24 materials.
Further stablization of the foam may be achieved by the
26 addition of thickeners, e.g., polyacrylic acid, co-polymers of
27 aerylie aeid, polyvinyl alcohol, natural gums, starehes, stareh
28 derivatives, eellulose derivatives, synthetie polymeric eompounds,
29 water soluble polymers, organic solvent soluble polymers and
3o blends of those compounds.
~ .'
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3Z3~8
1 1 Auxiliary foam stabilizers may be used in conjunction
2 ~¦ with foam stabilizers or with foam stabilizers and thickeners to
3 ¦ obtain added foam stability. Auxiliary foam stabilizers include
4 lauryl alcohol, sodium laurate, lower aliphatic alcohols, dodecyl
alcohol, lower aliphatic acids, lauric acid, fatty acids, hydro-
6 philic polymers, such as, agar, polyvinyl alcohol and sodium
7 alginate and blends of these compounds.
8 Combinations of foam stabilizers, auxiliary foam stabil-
9 izers and thickeners can be used to give added foam stability.
lo Greater foam stability and optimization of the effects
11 obtained through application of a finishing agent may also
12 ¦ require adjustment of pH. The specific pH range required and
13 additives useful with a particular foam stabilizer or finishing
14 agent to obtain the desired pH are conventionally known in the
art. Generally, the pH will lie in the range from about 3 to 12.
16 Typical liquid media which may be used include water,
17 perchloroethylene, methanol, trichloroethylene, and other
18 conventional solvents, e.g., chlorinated hydrocarbons and
19 I aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon and petroleum solvents.
Generally, the composition of the present invention is
21 capable of being whipped into a foam having a blow ratio in the
22 range from about 2:1 to 20:1, and preferably, from about 2:1 to
23 10:1. The blow ratio is determined by measuring the weight of
24 a given volume of the foam compared to the weight of the same
volume of the composition prior to foaming. The foam density
26 range is generally from about O.S gm/cc. to 0.05 gm/cc. and
27 preferably, from about 0.5 to 0.1 gm/cc.
28 In order to be suitable for use in the present invention,
29 it is important that the foam be sufficiently stable so that it
3~ does not collapse between the time when the initial foaming takes
. .
~ '
1 113Z3(38
1 ¦ place and the time when it is applied to the fabric. The blow
2 ¦ ratios and foam densities noted above should be stable, i.e.,
3 ¦ undergo minimal change, during the period from at least about
4 20 minutes and up to 24 hours after formation. Consequentlyr not
all types of foams can be used in the present invention. For
6 example, those foams which are of t~e soap bubble type, do not
7 have sufficient stability to withstand the treatment of the
8 coating process. When foams of this type are applied to the
9 fabric, they immediately collapse and result in spotting and
lo non-uniform application of the finishing agent.
11 Moreover, such foams are not capable of being coated on
12 to the fabric. In this respect, it is understood that when the
13 foamed composition of the present invention is applied to the
14 fabric, it retains its foamed shape and essentially the same
degree of foaming up to the ti~R that the coated fabric is
16 compressed between rolls 26 and 28.
17 If the finishing operation is a water repellancy treatment
18 additives, e.g., catalysts, resins, softeners, hand builders,
19 thickeners, extenders, and the like may be used.
It is not necessary, of course, that a pump, e.g., 20,
21 be used to convey the foam mixture. It may be conveyed simply
22 by gravity feed, or by simply hand feeding to the applicator.
23 Various methods of applying the foam coating to the fabric
24 can be used. Preferably, a conventional mechanical knife e.g. a knife
over roll or a floating knife or ~n ~ir knife may be used. Alternately, the
26 foam m y be blown through a conventional jet noz~e. The important point is the
27 act that the stability of the foam composition allows it t~ be
28 asily coated on to the fabric without any problems arising from
29 collapse of the foam. Conse~uently, after application of the
3o oam coating to the fabric, and until the time when the coated
. .
I ~L132;3ir3~3
1 ¦ fabric is subjected to the compression step and/or vacuum step,
2 ¦ the foam maintains essentially its original form on the fabric an
3 ¦ neither collapses nor spreads. This allows a uniform coating of
4 ¦ coloring material, water proofing resin or other finishing agent
5 ~ to be applied to the material.
6 ¦ The amount of foam applied to the fabric depends on the
7 ¦ particular finishing treatment being effected the concentration
8 ¦ of the finishing agent, the amount of agent which it is desired
9 ¦ to add on to the fabric, etc. These add-on amounts are commonly
lO ¦ known depending on the finishing agent used, and consequently,
11 ¦ the amount of foam required is readily determined by the skilled
12 ¦ art worker. ~he thickness of the foam coating is not critical
13 l 50 long as an effective amount of the finishing agent is present.
14 ¦ Preferably, the percentage of wet pick-up of the foam
15 l with respect to the fabric is within the range from about 8 to
16 ¦ 85% and preferably is from about 15 to 60% by weight based on the
17 l total weight of the fabric.
18 ¦ The compression step may be carried out in a conventional
19 ¦ manner, as by passing through rollers 26 or 28, or may be effected by
20 ¦ padding and/or vacuuming, or the pressure of the knife against
21 ¦ the fabric and the like.
22 ¦ The pressure to which the coated fabric is subjected is
23 l not important so long as it is sufficient to insure penetration of
24 ¦ the foamed composition throughout the fabric. Generally, padding
25 l pressures of from about 20 to 60 psi are found to be satisfactory.
26 ¦ After the compression step, the fabric is subjected to
27 l a drying step to remove any residual water or organic liquid.
28 ¦ Typically, the drying step can be carried out using drying drums,
29 ¦ loop ovens, tenter frame ovens~ air ovens, infra red dryers,
3o ¦dielectric dryers and the like.
1132308
1 !, There~fter it is conventional to sub iect the fabric to a
2 1i fixing or curing step depending on the nature of the finishing
3 ll agent. Such fixing or curing steps are conventional in the art.
4 ~¦ Generally, the fixing or curing involves heating for a period of
5 il time from several seconds to a number of minutes. Typically, in
6 ¦1 a dyeing process, the fabric would be heated at temperatures in
7 ¦~ the range from about 200 to 425~ for a time period from about
8 !¦ 10 seconds to ten minutes, preferably, from about 280 to
g ¦l 400F. Alternately, fixation steps could include steaming the
lO ¦I fabric or treatment with fixative chemicals.
When the process being carried out is a water repellancy
12 li treatment, the finish is generally cured in an oven at a temper-
13 l ature range of from about 200 to 600F for a time period from
14 ¦ about three seconds to five minutes, preferably from about 275 to
1~ ¦l 350F.
16 ¦ When the process being carried out is the application of
17 ~1 an antistat or weighter, the fabric is generally cured in an
18 Ij oven at a temperature range of from about 200 - 450~P for a
19 ¦I time period from about 3 seconds to three minutes, preferably
20 ¦ from about 275-300F.
21 1 When the process being carried out is the application of
22 1 a durable press, soil release, or flame retardant finish, the
23 l fabric is cured at a temperature in the range from about 200-
24 425F for a time period from about 10 seconds to 10 minutes,
preferably from about 275-380F.
26 After the fixation or curing treatment, the fabric may
27 Ibe subjected to conventional after treatments, e.g., rinsing,
28 ¦oxidation, etc., and then wound up for subsequent use.
39
. I
¦ --1 4--
113Z~
The following Examples illustrate the present invention:
EXAMPLE 1: DYEING A POLYE5TER KNIT
.
A 100% polyester sliver knit fabric containing 75% pile
and 25~ backing by weight was dyed using a dispersed dye in a
foam medium.
The dye composition was prepared by mixing 79.23% water;
1.92~ Resolin Brilliant yellow 7 GL, (a trademark) (Colour Index
generic name: disperse yellow 93); 8.65% of an acrylic polymer
emulsion having 28 percent solids (supplied under the trademark
10 Acrysol ASE-60 ohm & Haas); 0.576~ of a 28~ solution of ammonium
hydroxide; 4.81~ of a butyl benzoate solvent (supplied under the
trademark Cindye DAC-888-Cindet Chemical Co.) and 4.81% of ammon
ium stearate (33% solution).
The ~nitial viscosity of the mixture was 2450 cps. (No. 4
spindle at 20 rpm room temperature) and the pH was 9.8.
The composition was mixed and foamed in a kitchen type
mixer (Hobart "Kitchenaid" (a trademark)) using a wire whip blade
until the blow ratio was 2.5:1. The foam containing the disperse
dye was knife-coated on to the pile portion of a polyester sliver
knit in a thickness of 200 mils. Thereafter, the coated fabric
was passed through roller pads at a pressure of 30 psi.
The sliver knit was attached to a pin frame and dried
at 250F for 4 minutes and then subjected to a dye fixation treat-
ment at 350 F for 90 seconds.
Uniform dyeing was obtained in the pile portion of the
polyester sliver knit fabric. The wet pick-up was calculated
from the weight of fabric before and after the foam application.
The wet pick-up using the foamed composition was 46.4%. In con-
trast, the wet pick-up of the sliver knit fabric when dipped in
30 water was 136.5%, 243.4% in perchloroethylene and lgl.8% in an
emulsion of perchloroethylene and water.
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113;~3U8
EX~MPLE 2: WATE R RE PELI.ENT F IN I SH
A composition was prepared by mixing 86.45% water, 5%
of a commercial fluoro chemical water repellent finish (supplied
under the trademark Scotchguard FC-210~, 3% Acrysol ASE-60 ( a
trademark), 2% of a methylated trimethylol melamine resin (80%
solids), 0.05% ammonium chloride, 0.5% ammonium hydroxide, and
3% ammonium stearate (33% solution). The pH of the mixture was
adjusted to 9.5-10 with ammonium hydroxide prior to adding the
ammonium stearate.
This composition was then foamed using an Oakes foamer
to a blow ratio of 5:1 and knife coated on to a sliver knit fabric
composed of 70% acrylic pile and a 30% polyester knitted backing.
The depth of the coating was 300 mils. Thereafter, the coated
fabric was padded at 30 psi. with a wet pick-up of 43% to 47%.
The fabric was dried at 300F for 2 minutes and cured for 2 min-
utes at 325 F. The resulting fabric was water repellent before
and after dry cleaning and possessed an acceptable aesthetic hand.
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., .
~Ll;3Z3~8
EXAMPLE 3:
A composition was prepared by mixing 78.5% water, 9%
of a methyl hydrogen silicone polymer (supplied under the trade-
mark Drival FL-405~, 3% Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark~, 3% of a
methylated trimethylol melamine resin (80% solids), 3% Valcat FL-
403 (a trademark for a catalyst for the silicone polymer), .5%
ammonium hydroxide, and 3% ammonium stearate (33~). The pH of
the mixture was adjusted to 9.5-10 with ammonium hydroxide prior
to adding the ammonium stearate.
Thereafter, the composition was foamed using a planetary
mixer equipped with wire whips to a blow ratio of 5:1, and knife
coated onto an acrylic pile fabric in a thickness of 300 mils.
Thereafter, the coated fabric was padded at 30 psi. to produce a
final wet pick-up of 38-42%, dried at 300F for 2 minutes and
cured for 2 minutes at 325F. The resulting finish was water re-
pellent, possessed durability to dry cleaning and possessed an
acceptable aesthetic hand.
EX~PLE 4: WATER REPELLENT FINISH
A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 85.9 parts
water, 4 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark), 2 parts of a methyl-
ated trimethylol melamine resin (80% solids), 0.1 parts ammonium
chloride, 3 parts Unamide N-72-3 (a trademark for a Coconut alkanol-
amide from Lonza Chemical Company) and 5 parts of a commercial
water repellent (supplied under the trademark Scotchguard FC-210).
The pH was 6.7, and the viscosity was 600 cps. (No. 4 spindle at
20 rpm room temperature).
The solution was foamed to 4:1 blow ratio and knife
coated onto two samples of an acrylic sliver knit pile having a
70% acrylic pile and a 30% polyester backing at a coating thick-
ness of 50 mils and 25 mi1~ respectively. The samples were
padded at 30 psi. and the wet pick-up was calculated to be 44-77%.
The samples were dried at 225 F, for 5 to 7 minutes
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1~3~308
and cured for 15 minutes at 275F. The finished samples were water
repellent and the finish was found to be durable to dry cleaning.
EXAMPLE 5: ANTISTAT FINISH ON POLYESTER DOUBLE KNIT
_
A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 90.9 parts
water, 1.5 parts Valstat E (a trademark for Commercial anionic
antistat from Valchem), 4 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark), 0.1
part of sodium oleyl sulfate emulsifier (supplied under the trade-
mark 26~ solids Sipex OS-Alcolac Inc.,), 0.5 part ammonium hydrox-
ide (to pH 9-10) and 3 parts ammonium stearate (33~ solution).
The final pH was 9.9.
The composition was foamed to a 4:1 blow ratio and was
knife coated on two samples of polyester double knit at 50 mils.
The samples were padded at 30 psi. and average wet pick-up was
calculated as 63%. The samples were then dried and cured in one
stage at 325F for 2 minutes to yield a fabric having an antistatic
finish.
EXAMPLE 6: FOAM METHOD ~F APPLICATION OF WEIGHTERS TO
POLYESTER DOUBLE KNITS
_
A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 88.4 parts
water, 4 parts of an aqueous solution of 10~ shopal gum, a starch
derivative, 4 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark), 0.1 part ammon-
ium chloride, 0.5 parts ammonium hydroxide (to pH 9.5-10) and 3
parts ammonium stearate (33~ solution). The final pH was 9.7
and the viscosity was 1800 cps. (No. 4 spindle, 20 rpm at room
temperature).
The composition was foamed to a 5:1 blow ratio and was
knife coated at 50 mils onto a polyester double knit sample.
The sample was padded at 30 psi. and wet pick-up was calculated to
be 60%. The sample was dried and cured in one stage at 340F for
2 minutes.
The sample showed a weight gain of 1.03% and possessed a
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113Z3V8
satisfactory hand.
EXP~IPLE 7: FOAM DURABLE PRESS FINISHING ON 1-00% COTTON TWILL
A foamable durable press resin composition was prepared
by mixing 49 parts water, 40 parts Valrez H-17 (a trademark for
dihydroxy dimethylol ethylene urea resin from Valchem), 0.5 parts
ammonium chloride, 5 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark), 0.5
parts ammonium hydroxide (to pH 9-10) and 5 parts ammonium stear-
ate (33~). The final pH range was 9-10.
The composition was foamed to a blow ratio of 3:1. The
foam was knife coated onto a 100% cotton twill at a thickness of
50 mils and was padded at 30 psi. The wet pick-ups were calculat-
ed to be 59-61%. The samples were dried at 225 F for 4 minutes,
steam pressed at 5-10-5 cycles and cured at 330 F for 3 minutes.
The finished samples of cotton twills possessed good
resistance to wrinkling which was retained after repeated home
laundering.
EXAMPLE 8: FOAM DURABLE PRESS FINISHING ON 65/35
_ _ POLYESTER/COTTON BLEND FABRICS
A foamable durable press resin composition was prepared
20 by mixing 57.9 parts water, 25 parts Valrez H-17 (a trademark),
0.5 parts ammonium chloride, 4 parts of polyethylene softening
agent (20% solids), 0.1 part Valdet 4016 (a trademark for a wetting
agent from Valchem), 2 parts of an acrylic polymer emulsion which
is a hand improving agent (supplied under the trademark Valbond-
6021 from Valchem), 5 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trade~ark) (the pH of the mix
at this pOillt was 4.7), 0.5 parts ammonium hydroxide (pH adjusted to`9.5-10) and
-5 parts Fotassium:stearate (15~ solution). The final ph range ~s 9.5-10.
The composition was foamed to a blow ratio of 4:1 and
knife coated at 50 mils onto samples of a 65/35 polyester/cotton
blend, which was then padded at 30 psi. and the wet pick-up was
-- 19 --
;308
calculated to be 67%.
The samples were dried at 220F for 3 minutes, pressed
using a standard durable press pressing cycle at 325F composed
of 5 seconds of steam, 10 seconds of pressing and 5 seconds of
vacuum to produce creases in the fabric. The fabric was then cured
for 3 minutes at 330 F.
The finished samples of the 65/35 polyester/cotton blend
possessed wrinkle resistant properties which were durable to re-
peated home laundering.
10 EXAMPLE 9: FOAM SOIL RELEASE FINISH ON 65/35 POL~ESTER/COTTON
BLENDS
A foamable durable press resin formulation was prepared
by mixing 56.9 parts water, 25 parts of a durable press resin
(dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea-46~ solids), 8 parts of ~albond
S-50 (a trademark for a commercial soil releasing agent), 4 parts
of a textile softener (supplied under the trademark Valsof S-2),
0.1~ of a wetting agent (supplied under the trademark Valdet-4016),
0.5 parts ammonium chloride (pH checked at this stage was 4.0),
0.5 parts ammonium hydroxide (pH adjusted to 9.5-10) and 5 parts
ammonium stearate (33% solution). The final pH was 9.8 and the
viscosity was 80 cps. (No. 4 spindle, 20 rpm, at room temperature).
The composition was foamed to a 4:1 blow ratio, knife
coated at a thickness of 50 mils onto a sample of a 65/35 poly-
ester/cotton blend and padded at 30 psi. The average wet pick-up
was 69%. The samples were dried at 220F for 3 minutes and cured
at 330 F for 3 minutes.
The finished 65/35 polyester/cotton blend possessed soil
releasing properties durable to home laundering.
EXAMPLE 10: FOAM APPLICATION OF A WATER REPELLENT FINISH ON AN
ACRYLIC SLIVER RNIT FABRIC
A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 86.4 parts
-- ~0 --
~132;~
water, 3 parts Acrysol ASE-6Q ~a trademark2, 2 parts of a methyl-
ated trimethylol melamine resin C80% solids), 0.5 parts ammonium
hydroxide, 3 parts potassium stearate (15% solution), 5 parts
Scotchguard FC-210 (a trademarkl and 0.1 part ammonium chloride.
The final pH was adjusted to 9.5-10 ~ith ammonium hydroxide.
The composition was foamed to a 4:1 blow ratio and was
knife coated at a thickness of 50 mils on the pile of an acrylic
sliver knit composed of 70% acrylic pile and 30% knitted polyester
backing. The sample was padded at 30 psi. and the wet pick-up
10 was calculated as being 47.2%. The sample was dried at 225 F for
7 minutes and cured at 275F for 15 minutes.
The finished acrylic pile gave good initial water re-
pellency which was durable to dry cleaning.
EXAMPLE 11:
Twenty parts tris-(dibromopropyl) phosphate 62% emulsion,
by weight, was added to 80 parts of an aqueous foamable composi-
tion containing 8 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark), 0.5 parts
ammonium hydroxide, 3 parts potassium stearate (15%) and 5 parts
ammonium stearate (33%). The p~ was adjusted to 9.5-10 with
ammonium hydroxide.
The composition was foamed to a 4:1 blow ratio and was
knife coated onto a polyester sliver knit pile (25 mils above
pile). The sliver knit was padded at 30 psi. and the wet pick-up
was calculated as being 36%. The sample was then dried at 220F
and thermosoled at 350F for 90 seconds.
The finished polyester sliver knit was subjected to a
match test and the methenamine carpet flammability test and passed
both tests. The pile of the fabric possessed a soft hand.
- 21 -
, :~
11;3Z3~3
EXAMPLE 12:
A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 67.5 parts
water, 4 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademarkl, 0.5 parts ammonium
hydroxide, 3 parts ammonium stearate (33%) and 25 parts tris-
(dibromopropyl~ phosphate (62~ emulsion~. The pH was adjusted to
9.5-10 with ammonium hydroxide.
The composition was foamed to a 4:1 blow ratio and was
knife coated to a thickness of 50 mils above the pile of a poly-
ester sliver knit fabric. The fabric was padded at 30 psi. and
the wet pick-up was calculated as 45%-50%. The samples were then
dried at 22Q F and thermosoled at 350F for 90 seconds.
The finished polyester sliver knit pile was subjected
to the methanamine carpet flammability test and passed the test.
EX~PLE 13: FOAM FLAME RETARDANT FINISHING OF COTTON WITH
_ N-METHYLOL DIALKYL PHOSPHONO PROPIONAMIDE
A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 44.5 parts
water, 1 part urea, 40 parts Pyrovatex-CP (a trademark for N-
Methylol dialkyl phosphono propionamide, 80~ solution from Ciba-
Geigy), lQ parts of trimethylol melamine resin, 0.5 parts ammonium
chloride and 4 parts Unamide N-72-3 (a trademark for Coconut
alkanolamide from Lonza Chemical Co.). The pH was 5.8 and viscos-
ity was 10 cps. (No. 4 spindle, 20 rpm at room temperature).
The composition was foamed to a 4:1 blow ratio and was
knife coated on cotton flannel samples at 50 mils thickness and
padded at 30 psi. (The wet pick-up was 74%). The sample was
then dried at 225F for 3 minutes and cured for 3 minutes at
325F. The finished cotton flannel samples were tested for fire
retardancy by the vertical char test method and passed the test.
'~
~3Z3~8
EXAMPLE 14: FOAM THPC-UREA PRECONDENSATE FLAME RETARDANT
APPLICATION ON COTTON FLANNEL
A foamable composition containing 95 parts of a precon-
densate (based on 65 parts Tetrakis hydroxy methyl phosphonium
chloride (THPC~, and 8 parts urea), 1. 5 parts sodium acetate (as
a buffer) and 3. 5 parts Unamide N-72-3 was prepared. The pH was
4.1 and viscosity was 27.5 cps. (No. 4 spindle, 20 rpm at room
temperature).
The composition was foamed to 11:1 blow ratio, applied
on cotton flannel by knife coating at 50 mils thickness and the
fabric was padded at 30 psi. The wet pick-up was calculated as
51.4%. At this wet pick-up, the weight add on of precondensate
was calculated as 35.64 percent (31.6% THPC and 4.04% urea) and
the moisture level on the fabric was 13 percent). The moisture
level was found adequate for direct ammoniation for the fixation
of the fire retardant without pre-drying. The fabric after padding
was ~irectly subjected to gaseous ammonia exposure for 5 minutes
at room temperature and the fi~e ret~rdant on the fabric was oxidized
with alkaline sodium perborate. The fabric was then rinsed and
dried. The cotton flannel treated this way gave a vertical char
length of 4-4.5" and was flame retardantO
EXA~IPLE 15: DYEING ACRYLIC SLIVER KNIT WITH CATIONIC DYE
A foamable composition containing a cationic dye was
prepared by mixing 81.5 parts water, 2 parts Astrazon Brill Red
4G, (a trademark), Color Index generic name: Basic Red 14,
~ ~arts Acrysol ASE-60 ( a trademark), 0.5 parts ammon-
ium hydroxide, 3 parts potassium stearate (15~ solution) and ~
parts ammonium stearate (33% solution). The pH was 9.7 and vis-
cosity 2060 cps. (No. 4 spindle, 20 rpm
- 23 -
';~ . ' .
- 1~32~
1 at room temperature).
2 The composition was air whipped in a mixer to a blow
3 ratio of 5:1 and the foam was knife coated on the acrylic pile
4 of a sliver knit having 70% acrylic pile and 30% polyester
knitted backing. The sliver knit was padded at 30 psi and the
6 wet pick-up was calculated as 30.3 percent. The sample was
7 then dried and steamed under pressure at a temperature of 240F
8 for 20 minutes. The cationic dye was fixed on the acrylic
9 pile. A portion of the sample was rinsed in perchloroethylene
and was found to be fast to an after rinse. A uniform bright
11 red shade was obtained on the acrylic pile.
12 EXA~LE 16: FOAM COMPOSITION IN I~IETHANOL FOR DYEING
13 A foamable composition cor.taining 54.3 parts methanol,
14 27.2 parts water, 2 parts Resolin Brilliant Yellow 7 GL Color
~r~ ~ e~
Index generic name: Disperse yellow 93, 8 parts Acrysol ASE-6
16 0.5 parts ammonium hydroxide, 3 parts potassium stearate (15%
17 solution) and 5 parts ammonium stearate (33~ solution) was
18 prepared. It had a pH of 9.5-10 and a viscosity of 420~ cps.
19 (No. 4 spindle, 20 rpm at room temperature).
The composition was foamed in a kitchen mixer to a 3:1
21 blow ratio and was knife coated on the 100% polyester sliver
22 knit sample at a 50 mils thickness above the pile. The sliver
23 knit was then padded at 30 psi (wet pick-up was 68~) and dried
24 at 220F for 4 minutes. The sample was then thermosoled in an
air oven at 350F for 90 seconds for the fixation of the disperse
226 dye. The polyester pile was dyed uniformly by this method.
2811 1
I .
Il -24-
- 1~3~ 8
EXA~PLE 17: SIMULTANEO~S D~EI~G AND WATER REPELLENT FINISHING
IN FOAM MEDIUM
A foamable composition containing 84.4 parts water, 5
parts Acrysol AS~-60 (a trademark~, 2 parts Resolin Blue F. R.
Col~r Index generic name: Disperse Blue 154, 5 parts Scotchguard
FC-210 (a trademark), 0.5 parts ammonium hydroxide, 0.1 parts
Sipex OS and 3 parts ammonium stearate (33% solution). The pH
was 10.3 and the viscosity was 440 cps. (No. 4 spindle, 20 rpm
at room temperature).
The composition was foamed to a 3:1 blow ratio in a mixer,
and the foam was knife coated onto a polyester sliver knit pile
and then padded at 30 psi. The wet pick-up was calculated as
49.3%. The sample was then dried at 225 F for 4 minutes and was
thermosoled at 350 F for 90 seconds. The resulting fabric pile
was dyed and was water repellent. Thus simultaneous dyeing and -
water repellent finishing was accomplished by the foam method.
EXAMPLE 18: SIMULTANEOUS FLAME RETARDANT AND ~ATER REPELLENT
FINISHING BY FOAM ~IETHOD
-
A foamable composition containing water repellent and
flame retardant was prepared as follows. To 80 parts of a composi-
tion containing 3 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark), 2 parts of a
methylated trimethylol melamine resin (80% solids), 3 parts ammon-
ium stearate (33~ solution), 0.5 parts ammonium hydroxide, 5 parts
Scotchguard FC-210 ~a trademark~ and 86.5 parts water; 20 parts
of Apex flame proof-567 (a trademark for Tris-dibromopropyl phos-
phate, a 62~ active emulsion) were added. The pH was adjusted to
9.5-10 with ammonium hydroxide.
The composition was foamed to 4:1 blow ratio and was
knife coated onto a polyester sliver knit pile at 50 mils and
padded at 20 psi. (wet pick-up was 48~). The sample was dried
- 25 -
~1~231~3
at 220F for 5 minutes and was thermosoled at 350F for 90 seconds.
The polyester pile passed the methanamine carpet flamma-
bility test and was water repellent.
EXAMPLE 19: FOAM DYEING IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT
A foamable composition containing 51 parts Varsol ~2,
(supplied under the trademark a hydrocarbon solvent), 0.5 parts
Resolin Brilliant Yellow 7 GL, 40 parts water, 0.5 parts Sipex
OS (a trademark), 4 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark), 0.5 parts
ammonium hydroxide and 3.5 parts ammonium stearate (33%) was
prepared. The pH was asjusted to 9.5-10 with ammonia prior to
the Varsol addition.
The composition was foamed to a blow ratio of 3.5:1 in
a kitchen mixer and a 50 mils height of foam was knife coated on
to the pile of a polyester sliver knit sample. The sample was
then padded at 30 psi. and the wet pick-up was calculated as 73~.
The polyester sliver knit sample was then dried at 220F for 4
minutes and thermosoled at 350F for 90 seconds. The polyester
pile dyed uniformly.
EXAMPLE 20: FOAM DYEING IN PERCHLOROETHYLENE
A foamable composition containlng 51 parts perchloro-
ethylene, 0.5 parts Resolin Brilliant Yellow 7 GL, 40 parts water,
0.5 parts Sipex OS (a trademark), 4 parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trade-
mark), 0.5 parts ammonium hydroxide and 3.5 parts ammonium stearate
(33~) was prepared. The pH was adjusted to 9.5-10 with ammonia
prior to the perchloroethylene addition.
The composition was foamed to a blow ratio of 3:1 in
a kitchen mixer and 25 mils height of foam was knife coated onto
the pile of a polyester sliver knit. The sample was then padded
at 30 psi.and the wet pick-up was calculated as 84~. The polyester
sliver knit sample was then dried at 220 F for 4 minutes
- 26 -
1~3~
and thermosoled at 350F for 90 seconds. The polyester pile dyed
uniformly.
EXAMPLE 21: FOAM DYEING WITH VACUUM
To correct the shade on a polyester leisure twill fabric
from a light brown shade to a darker brown shade, the following
procedure with a vacuuum slot was carried out:
A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 90.5 parts
water, 1.5 parts Terasil Brown 3R (a trademark) (Disperse Brown 1),
0.45 parts Esterquinone Red BA-80% (a trademark) (Disperse Red 60),
10 0.05 parts Resolin Blue FBL (a trademark) (Disperse Blue 56), 3.5
parts Acrysol ASE-60 (a trademark), 0.5-0.75 parts ammonia (to
pH 9.5-10) and 3.5 parts ammonium stearate (33% solution).
The composition was foamed to an 8:1 blow ratio and the
foam was knife coated on four samples of the leisure twill fabric
at 35 mils coating thickness.
Two samples were subjected to vacumming from the back
side using a vacuum slot and the wet pick-up was calculated at
29~. The samples were dried at 220F and steamed for color fixa-
tion at 250 F for 45 minutes.
An additional two samples were vacuumed and padded at
30 psi. and the wet pick-up was calculated as 35%. These two
samples were also fixed by drying at 220F for 5 minutes and
steaming at 250 F for 45 minutes.
One sample from each set was rinsed, and displayed no
color bleeding.
A darker brown shade was produced on each sample when
compared to original shade, and all samples were uniformly dyed.
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''";
- ~13~,3~3
EXAMPLE 22: DEVELOPING RAPIDOGEN COLORS WITH FO~ED ACID
A foama~le composition containing acetic acid was pre-
pared by mixing 94 parts water, 1 part Cellosize QP 52000 (a trade-
mark for hydroxyeth~l cellulose thickener from Union Carbidel, 2
parts glacial acetic acid and 3 parts Unamide N-72-3 (a trademark).
The final pH was 4 and the viscosity was 3500 cps. (No. 6 spindle,
20 rpm at room temperature). The acetic acid composition was
foamed using a kitchen mixer to blow ratio of 8:1.
~ Rapidogen color printed and dried fabric samples were
knife coated with acid foam and processed as follows for the
coupling reaction and development of color:
On one sample the acid foam was knife coated at 50 mils
on the back side ~unprinted side) and the fabric sample was padded
at 30 psi. (wet pick-up was 25%).
On another sample the acid foam was knife coated at
100 mils on the back side and padded at 30 psi. (wet pick-up was 40~).
~oth samples were batched for 20 minutes and then rinsed
and soaped using 0.5~ soda ash and 0.25~ soap solution at 160 F
for 20 minutes. The samples were then rinsed and dried.
On both samples the rapidogen prints were found to be
developed and to be comparable to acid aged samples.
EXA~lPLE 23. DURABLE PRESS FII~ISH
A foamable durable press resin composition was prepared
by mixing 35 parts of Valrez 248 (a trademark for a modified gly-
oxal resin), 2 parts of a textile softener Valsof PE (a trademark
for a polyethylene emulsion), 2 parts of a dye fixative Valfix
EST (a trademark for a formaldehyde dicyandiamide condensate), 4
parts Valmel HM (a trademark for a melamine resin) and 9 parts
Valcat 7 (a trademark for a magnesium chloride catalyst). To the
composition was added a foam stabilizer in the amount of 0.2 parts
471-A silicone fluid
- 28 -
3~3
(a trademark for a silicone/polyglycol copolymer from Dow Corning)
to form a paste like substantially liquid admixture of foam stabi-
lizer and finishing agent. To this was added 47.8 parts of
water.
This composition was then foamed using a kitchen mixer
to a blow ratio of 5:1. The foam was knife coated onto a 50/50
blend of polyester/cellulose fabric. The fabric was padded at
100 pounds per linear inch and the wet pick-up calculated as
approximatley 30 percent.
In another sample, 0.01 parts of 471-A silicone fluid
(a trademark for a silicone/polyglycol copolymer from Dow Corning)
was added to the finishing composition and then foamed using a
mechanical foamer (Oakes foamer) to a 20:1 blow ratio. The foam
was again knife coated onto a 50/50 blend of polyester/cellulose
fabric.
In each case the fabric was then dried at 240 F and
cured at 340F for 90 seconds. The fabrics possessed a good re-
silient hand with a DP rating (durable press) of 3.8. The result-
ing fabric's wicking behavior was found to be superior to that
of cloth fabrics treated with traditional resin compositions.
EXAMPLE 24: CORDUROY FABRIC
. _
A foamable composition containing 1.5 parts Valfoam CC
(a trademark for a Coconut fatty acid diethanolamide), 35 parts
Valbond 6002 (a trademark for an acrylic copolymer), 28 parts
Valrez H-17 (a trademark for glyoxal resin), 26 parts Valsof PE
(a trademark for a polyethylene emulsion) and 5 parts of a magnes-
ium di-hydrogen phospnate catalyst. The composition was foamed
to 9:1 blow ratio. The foam was knife coated to a thickness of
six mils on the back side of a cotton corduroy fabric. The wet
pick-up of the fabric was 15% O.W.G. The fabric was then dried
and cured at 330 F.
The finished corduroy fabric possessed soft pile hand
- 29 -
1132~3~8
and dimensional stability during repeated washing tests.
Another foam composition was prepared as set forth in
the previous Example. The foamed composition was coated using a
floating knife onto the reverse side of a corduroy fabric. The
wet pick-up of the fabric was 20-30~ O.W.G. The fabric was dried
and cu~ed at 330F. The finished corduroy fabric possessed a
soft pile hand and dimensional stability during repeated wash tests.
In both cases, there was no strike-through of the finish
to theface of the fabric.
EXA~IPLE 25: CARPET DYEING
An acidic foamable composition was prepared by mixing
0.75 parts Cellosize QP-52,000 ta trademark for Hydroxyethyl
cellulose from Union Carbide), 1.5 parts Unamide N-72-3 (a trade-
mark for Coconut oil alkanolamide from Lonza Inc.) 97.75 parts
water and adjusting pH to 5.2 with acetic acid. By using 90 parts
of the foamable composition, 2 parts Merpacyl Red B (a trademark
for liquid acid dye from Du Pont) and 8 parts Merpacyl Orange RAR
(liq.) (a trademark~, an acidic foamable composition was prepared.
The mixture was foamed to 8:1 blow ratio and 30 mils
of the foam was knife coated on the nylon carpet loop pile. The
sample was vacuumed from backing and was padded at 30 psi. to
collapse foam and distribute dye uniformly. (Wet pick-up 35%).
Then it was steamed at 210F for 5 minutes for color fixation and
dried at 275 F for S minutes. Uniform dyeing was obtained.
The colorfastness properties were tested without any
after clearing. The sample possessed excellent crock resistance,
wash and light fastness properties.
- 30 -
11 113Z;308
I . ;''
1 ¦ EXAMPLE 26 : SOFTENER APPLICATION
2 ¦ A foamable textile softener composition was prepared by
--~1 I ~ ~ ~ ~ r
3 I mixing 4 parts Valsof PE ~polyethylene emulsion softener), 0.5
4 ¦ parts fatty acid diethanolamide and 95.5 parts water. The
5 ¦ composition was foamer to 15:1 blow ratio and 10 mils of foam
6 ¦ was knife coated on a napped 50/50 polyester/cotton blued flannel
7 ¦ fabric. The coated fabric was padded at 80 pounds per linear inch
8 (wet pick-up 25~).
9 The the fabric was dried in an oven at 260F for 2
I minu A finished fabric having a soft and was obl ained
z!
z6
2a
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