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Patent 1134303 Summary

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(12) Patent: (11) CA 1134303
(21) Application Number: 1134303
(54) English Title: METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEAT PROCESSING OF PULVERIZED SOLID FUEL
(54) French Title: METHODE ET INSTALLATION DE TRAITEMENT THERMIQUE DE COMBUSTIBLES SOLIDES PULVERISES
Status: Term Expired - Post Grant
Bibliographic Data
(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):
  • C10G 1/04 (2006.01)
(72) Inventors :
  • CHUKHANOV, ZINOVY F. (USSR)
  • CHUKHANOV, ZINOVY Z. (USSR)
  • TSUPROV, SERGEI A. (USSR)
  • KARASEV, VADIM A. (USSR)
  • NIKOLAEV, ANATOLY M. (USSR)
  • SHIBAEV, ROBERT M. (USSR)
  • BRATCHENKO, BORIS F. (USSR)
  • LYASHENKO, IVAN V. (USSR)
(73) Owners :
  • GOSUDARSTVENNY NAUCHNO - ISSLEDOVATELSKY ENERGETICHESKY INSTITUT IMENI G.M. KRZHIZHANOVSKOGO
(71) Applicants :
  • GOSUDARSTVENNY NAUCHNO - ISSLEDOVATELSKY ENERGETICHESKY INSTITUT IMENI G.M. KRZHIZHANOVSKOGO
(74) Agent: SWABEY OGILVY RENAULT
(74) Associate agent:
(45) Issued: 1982-10-26
(22) Filed Date: 1979-03-14
Availability of licence: N/A
Dedicated to the Public: N/A
(25) Language of filing: English

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT): No

(30) Application Priority Data: None

Abstracts

English Abstract


METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEAT PROCESSING
OF PULVERIZED SOLID FUEL
Abstract of the Disclosure
According to the invention pulverized solid fuel is pro-
cessed by heating the fuel to a temperature at which thermal
decomposition of the fuel begins and subsequently heating the
fuel to a temperature at which an intense thermal decomposi-
tion of the fuel takes place to form a vapour-and-gas suspension
containing pulverized particles, gas, tar vapours and pyrogenic
water vapours. The resultant vapour-and-gas suspension is cooled
in a chamber by water and/or pyrogenic water to a temperature
from 360 to 140°C at which pulverized solid particles adsorb heavy
tar. To obtain the resulting product in the form of a pulp, the
vapour-and-gas suspension is cooled for a second time to a
temperature from 80 to 20°C at which the fractures of intermedia-
te and light tars are condensed.
Combustion heat of the resulting solid matter is higher.
than that of the product obtained by a conventional method,
in addition, it may be conveyed by a water channel. the result-
ing product in the form of a pulp may be conveyed by a water
channel directly to the consumer. When practising the method,
such side product as pyrogenic water is utilized which is usually
purified prior to disposal.


Claims

Note: Claims are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.


The embodiments of the invention in which an
exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined
as follows:-
1. A method of heat processing of pulverized solid fuel,
comprising the successive steps of heating the fuel by a gaseous
heat carrier in less than one second to a temperature from 300
to 500°C at which thermal decomposition of the fuel begins, sub-
sequently heating the fuel by the gaseous heat carrier in less
than one second to a temperature from 500 to 800°C at which an
intense thermal decomposition of the fuel takes place to form
a vapour-and-gas suspension containing solid particles, gas, tar
vapours and water vapours, forcedly cooling the resultant vapour-
and-gas suspension by a direct contact thereof with a coolant
to a temperature of 360-140°C at which pulverized solid partic-
les adsorb heavy tar, breaking the resultant vapour-and-gas sus-
pension into solid matter and vapour-and-gas mixture to obtain
useful liquid products.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein water is used
as coolant for cooling the vapour-and-gas suspension.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the vapour-and- :
gas suspension is cooled for a second time to a temperature of
80-20°C to obtain the resulting product in the form of a pulp.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein pyrogenic water
resulting from the processing is used as coolant for cooling
the vapour-and-gas suspension.
5. An apparatus for heat processing of pulverized solid
fuel, comprising:
a first chamber, a means for feeding fuel into said
first chamber, a means for delivering a gaseous heat carrier
23

- 24 -
into said first chamber to heat the fuel to a temperature
at which thermal decomposition of the fuel begins and a
means for discharging the used gaseous heat carrier from
said first chamber;
a second chamber successively connected to said first chamber,
a means for delivering the gaseous heat carrier into said
second chamber to heat the fuel to a temperature at which
an intensive thermal decomposition of the fuel takes place
to form a vapour-and-gas suspension consisting of solid
particles, tar vapours, water vapours and gases;
a third chamber successively connected to said second chamber;
a means for delivering and spraying a coolant within said
third chamber to cool the vapour-and-gas suspension to a
temperature at which pulverized solid particles adsorb
heavy tar, a means for discharging the vapour-and-gas sus-
pension from said third chamber and a means for dischar-
ging the resultant solid matter from said third chamber.
6. An apparatus according to Claim 5, comprising an ad-
ditional chamber successively connected to said third chamber,
a means for delivering and spraying water in said additional
chamber to cool for a second time the vapour-and-gas suspension
to obtain the resulting product in the form of a pulp, a means
for discharging the pulp from said additional chamber and a
separator for discharging a vapour-and-gas mixture from said
additional chamber.
7. An apparatus according to Claim 6, comprising a pipe-
line for conveying the pulp, which pipeline is connected to
24

said means for discharging the pulp and to said separator
and is provided with connection pipes for adding solid matter
or water to said pipeline to change the pulp concentration.

Description

Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.


~L~3~3~
METHOD 0~ APPARATUS ~OR ~r~ PROCESSING 0~ PUI,V~RIZED
SO~ID ~?UEI,
~ he invention relates to methods Of and apparatus for
break-down processing of solid carbon-contai~ing stock~ and
moxe ~?ecificall;y9 to m~thod:3 o~ a~d apparatus for h~at pro~
cess~ng o~ pulYerized solid Euel
The inv~tio~ is parti~ul~rly suitable for a combined
productioxl of both high- ensrg~r pulverized ~uel i~tended for
indu~trial and domestic furnaces as well as of gaseous a~d
liquid products of variou~ applications~
Methods o~ a~d apparatus ~or pyrolysis, or heat processi~g
o~ pulvorized solid ~uel having the particle si~e below 1 ~m
at high heating rates on the order o~ 103 to 106 degrees per
seco~d are well kno~n i~ the art. As compared with those . ~ :
~ased on slolw-rate he~ting, such methods provide for a~L
increased yield of both solid and liquid product~ which ara
subsequently co~verted into sy~thetic liquid ~uel and into :`
t~ch~ical a~d chemica~ raw materials~
t~here i~ k~own i~ th~ art one prlo-art ~ethod of and
apparatus for heat processing o~ pulverized solid ~uel, as
disclosed i~ the USSR Inv~ntor'~ Certi~icate ~o. 335~267.
~ he above m~thod for heat processing of pul~erized aolid
~el inoludes the steps of hoating th~ ~uel by a gaseous heat
carrier within less tha~ o.~o seco~d to a tamperatur~ Xrom
300 to 500C at whioh th~rma~ dscomposition thereof begins,
~ollowed by heating tha fuel b~ the heat carri~r within less
~han one ~cond to a temperaturQ from 500 to 800G at which
~hermal decompositio~ thereof grows very i~tense to form a

-- - 2 - 1~3~3~3
vapour-and-gas su~pension containing solid particle~, gas,
tar vapours a~d water v~pour~, breaking th~ resultant
vapour-and-gas suspension into a solid matter and a ~apour-
-a~d-gas mixture, puri~ying and conde~sing the vapour-and-
-ga~ mix*ure to produce gas~ use~ul liquid products and to
separat~ heav~ tars and pyrogenic wator th0refrom~
Tho above apparatus ~ox h~at processing o~ pulverized
solid fuel compr~es a first; chamb~r provided with a meazl~ ;
~or ~eedi~g a charg~ fuel thereto and with a m~ans for de~i-
vering a gaseous heat carrier thereto and disckarging it
therafrom, th~ gaseous heat carrier being i~tended to hea~
the fu~ to a temp~raturo at which therma~ decompositio~
ther~o~ bsgin~, a s~co~d chamber successively connect~d to
th~ ~irst one and provided with a means ~or delivering
the ga~eous heat carrier thereto to heat the ~uel to a tem- ;~
perature at whi:ch ther~al d~composition thereo~ grows very
i~ten~i~e to îorm a ~pour-and-~;as suspensio~ with a mea:~s
for separating a solid mattor ~rom the vapour-and-gas mi~ture, :~
a~d with a separator for p~ri~ying the vapou.r-and-gas mi~ture -~
arld :~edi~g it for conds~sation to obt~in gas, ufieful ligu.id
produc~ d to separ~:te tar a~d p~roge~ic water there~rom.
~ 'he above method ~d the apparatu~ ~o:r practising same,
~imilar to other methods k~ow~ in. the art, and apparatus for
~ast p~rolysis, ~;ive~ a~ reàsed~;yield OI tar. An overall ~:
iIIcreased yiold o~ tar nat~rally involves an illcreased co~ :
, . ,~- .
:.......... .
'

3~ i3
tell~ of heavy tar therein. '~hough thfl combu~tion h~at o~ :
the resultant heavy tar (8~00 large calorie~ per l~ilogram)
is kr~own to be higher than that of the resultant ~olid :~
ma~ter (6400 to 6700 large calories per ~ilogI~am), its us~
as fuel prese~t~ som0 di~iculties~ Thesa ~if~iculties are
e~plained by its being an amorphous plastic sub~tance which
is too viscous to be delivered to the consumer t~ough a .
pipeli~e and i~ufficiently hard for tra~sportation in tanks.
Thus~ in ordex to use.heavy tar as a liquid ~uel, it is to be :.;
rendered i~to liquid state b;r heating9 which naturally invol-
~es addi~ional power, ti~ a~d ~abour consumption.
As it is known commorlly~ said apparatus ~or processing
pul~T~rized soJ,id ~uel accordi:llg to the above rnethod yields
solid product in the form o~ ~mall p~rticles ha~ g a porous
surfac~. ~his.ca~es both a~ r~ased hygro¢opîcity of solid
product and it~ tende~cy to pulveri~ation. A high hygroscopi-
city rules out tha pos~ibilit~ o~ stori~ th~ so~id product
outdoor~ while its te~d~ncy to pulv~rization makes th~
working co~di.tions u~health~ and causes co~siderable lossss
o~ fue~. It should bo ~oted that the process yields also
such ~ide product- as pyrog~nic wa~er which co~tains or~anic
compounds disso~ved ther~ln. Pxior to disposa~ p~rog~nic
water is to be decontami~ated, which results i~ rather
high capital and pr~ductio~ costs.
~ t is an object of the in~e~io~ to develop a method
o~ and an apparatus ~or heat process~g of pu~verized solid
. ;,. ;
~ .
, ~ . . . .

3~;~3
;Euel which enable th~ productio~ o~ a solid matter having axL
increa~ed combustion heat.
~ other object o:E the irlYe~tion is to provid0 a method
~or hsa~ p~oce~sing of pulvori~d solid ~uel and an apparatus
for practising the mQthod which enable he~v~ ~ar to bs ad-
~orbed b~ pulveriz~d particle~ of so~id mattsr,
A ~urther objact o~ the i~e~tiol~ is to provide a
method and an apparatu~ ~or heat proces~ing of pulverized sol-
id ~uel which ~ield a solid mattor suitable for bei~g conveyed
by water chann~ls~
A still furthcr ob~ect of t~e invention is the provision
o.~ a method of a~d a~ apps;ratus ~or heat processi~ of pulva-
rized ~olid ~uel allowi~g utilization of pyroge~ic water which
is a ~ide prod~ct requiri~g decolltami:oatio~ prior to disposaJ.
A~ong the obJects OI the inve~tion is also to provide
a method o~ ~nd an appa:ra~us ~o:r heat processi:[lg o~ pulvsrized
~o~id ~ual which enable ~he ma~uïacture o~ enqrgy-produc~g ~u~.
in the ~orm of a pulp ~ui-tabla ~or bei~g conve~;sred by wat~r
ahann~ ls .
~ he foregoi~g a~d other objects are attained b;y a method
o~E heat proce~sing O:e pul~a~rized solid fuel inoludir~g the
~tep~ o~ heating the ~uel b~ a ~aseous heat ca:rrier withi~
les~ tharl o~e second to a temperature from ~OO to 5OOa at
which thermal decompo~itio:~ o~ the ~uel begin~, ~o~lowed by
heat~ the ~uel by a ga~eou~ hea:t carrier w:ithi~ less tha~

~L~3~ ~
,.
one saoorld to a temperature from 500 to 800G at which thermal
decom~osition of the fuel ~;row~ verg intense' to ~orm a vapour- :
-a~d-ga~ su~perlsion containi:~g solid particles, ~as, tar
~apou~ d water vapour~, br~aking th~ r~ulta~t vapour
-an~-gas su~pension i~to so~id ma~ter a~d vapour~and-gas
mixtura9 puri~yi~g and co~densing tha mi:~ture to o~ai~ ga~,,
useful liquid products and to separa~ pyrogenic watex ~:
th~refrom, according to the inve:r~tio~ th0 r~sultallt vapour-
d-gas suspension~ prior to being broken i~to a solid
m~tter a~d a vapou~ d-gas ~ture, is coo~ed by a direct
conte~lt thareo~ with a coo~ .to a tempsrature ~r~m 360 to ;.
~14~C ~t ~hich pulYerized particl~s o~ the so~id matter ad-
~orb heavy tar~.,
0~ cooli~g to a te~peratur~ o~ above 360C the amou~t o~ ;
h~avy tar adsorbed by pu`lv~xized particles of the ~uel is
practical~y negligiible, ~hile on cooling to a t~mperatur~
b~low~ 0C the amo~t' of ~ar adsorb~d by pulveriz0d particles
grow~ to high values as a result of oond~n~in~ interm~aiat~
tar, thereby causes excessive aggluti~a~io:n of solid matto~
'Jlatar mag be used a~ a coola~t.
It i~ ~ood ~?ractice to use as coolant, pyrogenic wa~er
or ligl:lt tar r~su~ting ~rom the heat processi~ of 33olid
~u~l. ' '
- '~ha result~ v~our-and-ga~ ~uspen~ion ma~r be onre more
coo~od b~ ~atar to a tem~erature ~rom 80 to 20C to obtain
,. . . .
,~
- , , ~ : ~,

- 6 - ~3~ 3
the resultin~ produc-t i~ tho form o~ a pulp. In this casa
cooling o~ the vapour-and-gas ~uspe~sion to a te~peratura o~
above 80G makes impossible tha co~de~sation of pyroge~ic `
wat~r a~d the ~ar u~adsorbed by th~ solid matt~r4 Cooling
below 20C requiro~, as a rulo, additiona~quipmerlt~ :
~ he ~oregoi~g and other obj~cts are also attained b~
an apparatu~ ~or heat processing of pulverized ~olid ~ue~,
comprisin~ a first chamber pxov~ded with a means ~or feeding
a charge fuel ther~to and with a means ~or delivering a
gaseous heat carrier thereto and discharging it there~rom7
the gaseous ~eat carrior being i.ntended to heat th~ fuel to
a temperatur~ o~ therma~ docomposition thereo~, a second
chamber successivel~ connected to the ~irst one and provided
with a means for deliveri~g the gas he~t carriar into the
second chamber to ~eat the fuel to a temperature` at which
thermal decomposition thereof grows. very i~ense to form a
vapour-and-ga~ susperlsio~, accordi~g to the inve~tio~ incor-
porat~s a third chamber succe~si~rely co~ected to the second
chamber and provlded with a means, communicating with a
cool~t sourc~, for spxaying a coolaxl~ i~ the third chamber
to cooJ the vapour-and-gas ~uspe~sion t~ a temp~rature ~t
which pulverized particles of solid ~atter adsorb haaY~
resin~d with means ~or dis~harging solid matter from
the third chamb~r.
~hu~, the third ¢hambsr commu~icatirLg wi~h a coola~
~ource permits the ~apour-and as suspen~iorl to be cooled
,~
.' ' ' ~.
. . . ,, . ." . ,, ,.. , .. .,, ,. : . ~ . - - -~ , ~ .

--7;,~ ~3
to a temp~rature at which h~avy tar is adsorbed by pu~veri~ed
particles~ and this i~ tur:~ enab~es the production o~ a so:Lid
matter having an i~crea~ed combustion heat. ~esid~s, in this
state the ~olid m~tt~r is ~itable ~or bein~; conY~yed b,y water
cha~s a~d practically do~s ~ot pu~verize~
It is advi~able ~ha~ a~ add1tional chamber be successive-
ly conn~cted to the third cha;mber of the ~oregoing apparatu-s9
said additional cham~ar being providqd with a mea~ or spray-
i~g water th~rein to cool the ~apour~ d-g~s suspsnsion in or-
der to obtain the resulti~g product i~ the îorm o~ a pu~p~
and also with a me~s and a separator to dischargs the resu~
ta~ pulp arld gas mi:~ture~ respectiv~ly thereIrom.
It is posæi~le to put in communication said separator9 as
well as a mea~s for dischaI~gi~g the pulp, with a pulp aonveyi~g
pi~eline~ '~'his allows for dischargin~; from the separator water
a~d ~olid particles which m~y ~e caug~t therei~ arLd for con-
Yeying the pulp directl~ to the consumer.
It is advisable to pro~ide said pipeli~e with'conrl~ction
pipe~ for adding solid ma~ter or wat~r th0r0throu~h in order
to change the pulp conce~tra~ionO
~ `he :Eor~goiIlg and other object~ o~ the inventiv~ will
becom~ more apparent from the con~i~eration OI a detailed
descrip-tion OI the eml~odimellts oî the i~ve~io~ taken in
con~unc~ion with the ac~ompan~i~g drawing which sho~s a di- : :
agrammatic view o~ an apparatu~ Ior haat processing o~ pulve- :
riz~d so~id îuel~,
.. . . ..

- 8 ~ 3~ 3
~ he proposed method OI heat processing o~ pulverized solid
fuel is practiaed in the followin~; ma~narO
Pulverized solid ~uel ha~ g th~ particlo si~e l~ss th~
1 mm i~ preheatQd to a temperature o:E '110C for the purpose of
d~ying~
~ he pulvsriz~d so~id fuel so prepared i~ heated by a ga~
seous h~at ~arrier clear oî ~rea o:gygen i~ less than one se~
cor~d to a t~mp~rature of 300-500C at which thermal decomposi-
tion OI the ~uel begi~s. Th~ used heat carxier is s~parated
~rom the fuel alr~ady heated to a temperatur0 o~ 300-500~a,
and then the ~uol is subjected to fu~ther heating b~r the gase
ous heat car~ier in less tha~ one second ~o a temperature o~
500-800C at which inten~ thermal decompos:ition o~ the ~uel
takes place to ~orm a vapour~ gas suspension consisting of
solid particles~ gas, tar vapours and wa~er ~pours. Aecording
to the i~Ye~tio~ the re~ulta~t vapour-and gas suspension is
~ubJected to forced cooling by a direct co~tact thereo~ with
a coolant to a tempera~ure o~ 360 140C at which pulve~ized
particle~ o~ th~ so~id m~tter adsorb h~avg tar~ Water or pyro-
g~ni¢ w~ter whi~h i~ to b~ puri~ied prior to disposal is us~d
~or coolin~ the vapour-a~d-gas suspe~sion.
When it lS desirab~e to obtain the resulti~g product i~
the ~orm of solid fuel, ~he pu~v~rized particles which ha~e
ad~orbed heavy t~r~ are sQparated from ~he vapour-and-gas
mixture and deliv~re~ to the oonsumer~ ~he resulta~t ~apour~
:
... , ?. . ., .~ . , :'::: '

~L~3~3~3
_ g .
-and-ga~ mixture is in turn directed to be purified and conden-
sed in order to obtain useful liquid producta and to separate
pyro~enic water therefrom.
Thus, the adsorbtion of heavy ~ar by pulveri~ed particles
increase~ the combustion heat o~ the eolid matter, enables
it to be conveyed by water channels and pr~vent~ pulverization.
It æhould be noticed that when cooling the ~apoux-and-gas
su~pension to a temperature of above 360C, the amount of heavy
tar ad~orbed by pul~eriæed p~rticle~ of the fuel is practically
negligi~le, that i~ the advantages of the proposed method are
lost On the other hand, when cooling the resultan-t vapour-and-
-gas su~peneion to a temperature below 140C, the abount of tar
adsorbed by pulverized particle~ grows to high value3 due to
conden~ation of intermed~ate re~in. A con~iderable adsorption
o-~ tar by pulverized particle~ i~ xespon~ible for an exces~ivè ~;
agglutination of soIid matter~ which in turn causes the ~tick-
ing o* ~olid matter to the walls o~ faciiitie~ intended for
discharging the re~ulting product.
~ o obtain the re~ulting product in the form of a pulp,
the vapour-and-ga~ suspen3ion cooled to a temperature of
360~140C i~ sub~ected to a ~eco~d forced cooling by water
to a temperature of 80-20C. On cooling, intermediate and part ;`
of light tar are condensed9 which together with ~olid particles
~nd the coolant form a pulp ~uitable to be delivered directly
to the consumer. ~n thi~ case 9 the copling o* the ~vapour-and-~as~
suspension to a temperature of above 8~C excludes the complete ;~
;:
: :
, ,, . : .. i , , . , ~ .. ..

~ 10- ~.343~3
condensation of pyrogenic water and o~ light tar unadsorbed
by solid matter. The cooling below 20C require~ a~ a rule,
additional equipment Qnd, consequently, additional capital and
operational production cost~.
Due to condensation o~ fractures of intermediate and part
o~ light tar the re~ul~ing product in the form o-~ a pulp i8
characterized by an increased eombu~tion heat and may be de-
livered through a pipeline direct,ly to the con~umer, Moreover,
.
when pyrogenic water is used as coolant, there i9 no need ~or it
to be purified prior to di~posal, becau~e organic combustible
~ub~tance~ dis301ved therein, e,g,, phenylic acids~ are utilized,
The apparatus for heat processing of pulveri~ed solid ~uel
comprises a ~irst cyclone chamber 1 formed a~ a cylindrical
~hell with an abutting tapered bottom (not Yhown), The fir~t
chamber 1 i8 provided with a mean~ 2 for $eedin~ thereto pul-
verized ~olid ~uel to be proce~ed, This mean~ 2 incorporates
a hopper 3 for a charge fuel, which hopper i8 connected by a
conduit 4 to the ~ir~t chamber 1, A turn~tile-type ~eeder 5 i~ -
built into the c~nduit 4, Abutting the upper portion o~ the
~:ir~t chamber 1 i~ mean~ 6 for delivering a ga~eous heat
carrier the~eto to heat, the ~uel to a temperature at which
khermal decompo~ition thereof begin~ to ~orm a vapour-and-ga~
su~pen~ion containing ~olid particleB~ g6~, tar vapours and
water vapour~r The mean~ 6 for delivering the heat carrier ~,
i~ pro~ided with a connection pipe 7 which tangentially
adjoin~ the shell of thc~ ~ir8t chamber l, A burner communicat-
:. ;.
,, - , : ~ ,., .:: - . .
, - , , , , :. , :

L3~
in~ with a gas fu~l source (both not shown~ is coaxLall;y
mou~ted within the connection pipe 7. Th~ burn~r serve~ for
bur~ing a gas fuel to produce a heat carrier in the ~orm o~ :
a stack gas practicall~ free oî oxygen. ~ connection pipe 8
is coa~ially moun~ed wi~hin the first chamber ~ d con~ects
the latter to a mea~s 9 for di~charging the usad-up heat
carrier~ ~ tur:~lstile-type ga~e 10 is provided ~or discharging
unutiliz~d fuel taken. awa~y by thc heat carrier while a conduit
II connected to the fu~nac~ o~ a boiler 12 is in~ended to
discharge the hea~ ¢arrior. .
~ ~econd cyclons chamber 15 is successively co~n6cted
to the first chambex 1 b~ a conduit ~3 with a turnstile feeder
14. '~o d~livor the gaseous hoat carrier i~to t~o second
cyclo~e chambor ~5 a~d to heat the fuel to a tsmperature o~
its intense th~rmal deco~positio~, the above chamb~r 15 is
provlded with a means 16 incorporati~g a connection pipe 17
which tan~;Q~tia~ly adjoin~ tha second chamber 15 ~d illcludes
a burner (not shown) coa:sdally mount~d therein for burning
the ~uel to produce a gaseou~ heat carri0r in th~ ~orm oï
o:cygen-fro~ ~tack ~;as.
third cyalo~e-b~rpe chamber 19 successive~y co~ected
~o t;hs second chamber 15 b~ a conduît 18~ Abutt~Lg the upper
po:rtion of -~,h0 third chamb~r 19 i~ a mean~ 20 ~or spra;ying
~ coola:~t to cool the vapour~ d-gas suspensio~ to a temper~
ture at whioh heavy tar i~ adsorb2d b~ pulveriz~d particles
of ~olid mattorO Said me~s 20 oompri~es a plurali~;y of spr~y
,,~' "

,. -^ 1,~
~ ~3 ~3~ 3
er~ 21 tange~tially mou~tqd wi~hin tho third chamb~r 19~ The
spra~ers 21 are connect~d to a conduit 22 which commu~icates
through co~duits 23 and 24 with ~ouxc~ 25 and 26 o~ ordinary
a~d pyroge~ic wator9 respectively. ~he third cham~er 19 com-
prise~ mean~ 27 for d~scharging ~olid matter in th~ form o~
pulYerized par~ic~e~ which have adsorbed heavy tar, the mean~
27 being ~ormed as a co~ectio~ pipe 28 provided with a tur~--
stil~-typ~ me~ring device 29~ Be~ldes~ a con~ctio~ pipe 30
i~ co~iall~ mou~tod within the thi~d cham~er 19 which connec-
tio~ pipe connects the ~atter to a cyclo~e separator 31 ~or
discharging the vapour-and-gas mi~ture and delivering it ~or
oondensatio~ to obtai~ ga~ a~d use~ul liquid products.
~ additional c~clone chamber 32 is succsssively connected
to the thixd chamber 19. Mounted in the upper por~ion o~ th~
additional chamber 32 ii3 a mea~s 33 ~or ~praying wa~r in th~
chamber 32 to cool the vapour~a~d-gai3 ~uspension in ordex to
obtain tho xesulting product i~ th~ form o~ a pu~p. Th9 above
mca~s ~omprises by a plurality of spr~rs ~4 tangentia~ly
mounted within the third chamb~r 19. ~he sprayers ~4 are co~-
n~¢t~d by co~duit~ 35 a~ 2~ to the trade ~luent source 25
a~d to the pyrogenic wat~r ~ource 26, respectively. ~ :
Abutting the lower portion o~ the additional chilmber
~2 is a meani3 36 ~or dischargi~g the pulp, said me~n~ 36 bei~g
a ve~ti~ally positio~d pip~ pro~ided at the end with a tur~-
stile~t~pe meteri~g device 37 ~or relaasi~g the pulp.
A connection pipe 38 i~ coaxial~y positioned within the
additiona~ chamber ~2, th~ be~t end o~ the CQnneCtion pipe ~8 :-~
. , . ~`,

1~3~ 3
-- 13 --
connecting the chamber 32 to a separator 39 ~ormed as a wet
cyclone and partially light tar ~apour~g ~he upper portion
o~ the ~eparato.r 39 i~ provided with a conduit 40 ~or dis-
charging gas~ The lower portion o~ the ~eparator 38 is
provided with a turnstile-type metering device 4l ~or di~-
charging solid particles settled in the separator 38. The
means 36 ~or di~charging the pulp and the separator 39 are
connected through condui~ 42 and 43 to a pulp pipeline 44. ~:
The pipeline 44 is provided with connection pipe~ 45 and 46 fo~3
adding therethrough eolid matter and water in order to change
the pulp concentration~ :
The conduits 22 and 35 are pro~ided with control members
47 and 48 for controlling coolant supply.
q'he description of operation of the apparatus will also
F.lid in understanding the propose~ method for heat processing o~
pulverized solld fuel, brown coal being selected as a ~tarting
fuel to illu~trate the operation.
~ he appara~us for heat proce~sing pul~erized'~olid ~uel
operates in the following manner,
The pulverized bro~Yn coal having the particle ~ize below
l ~n i~ preheated to a temperature o~ about 110C for the
purpose of drying and thereafter fed by the feeder 5 from the
hopper 3 into -the fir~t chamber l. Simultaneou~ly an oxygen- :
~ree heat carrier in the *orm o~ a ~tack gas ha~ing a tempe-.
rature o~ not less than 500C is delivered into the chamber~l
th~ough the connection pipe 7~
The heat carrier tangentially enter~ the chamber l in
. .
.. . , : : ., . . . :. .. ~ ... .
, . . ~ ., . ,,, ~ , . :
' . : ' '' : ' ,
' ' ' ' : ,' ' .: ' . : :' : :
:. ;" '.' ,: ' : ' ' ':
': :::: ': , ~,

the ratio of 200 kg per 1 torl of fuel and entrains ~he partic~
les of pulv~rized brown coal. Under the action of` centri~uga~
a~d gravity forces ths coal particl~ axe thrown towards the
ahamb~ wall and d~sc~nd ill the vort~ Th~ pulve~ized ooal
~a heated by th~ heat carrier to a temperature oî about 500~C.
~he u~ilizod gaseou~ heat carrier coo~ed down to 350C is
di~charg~d through the coD~ec~io~ pipe 8 i~to the cyc~one 9.
A portioll of th~ pulveriz2d fue~ caxried awa;s~ by the
heat carrier i~ ~eparated ther~from in a conve~tional manner.
Sub~sque~t~;y, the uti~ized heat carrier i~ directed for secon-
dary uti~izatiorl ~o ar~r heat con~umerp ~g., i~to th~ fur~ace
oï tha boiler 1~o .
Th~ ~eeder 1~ f~ed~ the coal bein~; processed from the
~ir~t chamber ~ o the ~cond chamber ~5. Concu~re~tly with
tho ~u~, the h~at carrier in th~ form of a ~tack gas heated
to a temperatura o~ above 900C is ~d into this chamber through
th~ co~ec~io~ pipe ~7. q~he heat car~ier i~ ~ed i~ the ratio
o~ 310 k~s per 1 ton o~ coal. In the second chambe.r 15 i~ ~ome
.Pra¢tion~ of a s~cond the coal is heated to a t~mperature o~
50~-800C at which ther~al d~composition o~ th~ coal ta}~es
pla¢e to ;~orm a vapour-and-gas suspension co~taini~g so~id
pa~ic~es a~d a ~apour;;a~d-gas mi~ture. ~;
~ hrou~h the conduit ~8 the resu~tant vapour-and-ga~ su~pen ;:-
~io~ ontors th~ third chamber 19. Simu~ar~eous~y a coola~t~
e-g~ p~rog~ water resultlng :er~ the coal processing? i~
i~txoduced irlto the chamb~r 19 through ~he spra;sr~rs 21 ~rom
th~ ~ourc0 26.
., . ~ , . , . . ,.. . . . -
. . ~, -... ~ . - .. - .
- ~ ,. - , . ~ ,, ,~

1 5 - ~L13g~3~3
~ he amou~t of th~ coolant delivered into the chamber 19
i~ sufficient fo~ cooling ~he vapour-and-gas su~pen~io~ to a
tempera~ur~ o~ ~60-140~a , namal~ 700 ~g pe~ 1 ton o~ ~uel
being p~ocs~Q0d. Und~r the~e co~ditio~s pulverized coal par-
ticla~ acti~ely adsorb heavy tar vapour~ i.e., pulverized
coal p~rticlfl~ are gattin~ gummed. '~hen i-t is desire~ to
obtain the result~ng ~olid matter i~ the ~orm of pulverized
~ummed particl~s9 it is to be di~charged from the chamb~ 19.
by th~ tur~ti~e-t~pe meteri~g devics 29. I~ this ca~e the
r~6U~tarLt v~pour-and~gas mixture i~ delivered through the
aonnaction pipe 30 into the separa~or 31, freed ther~in ~ro~
so~id particles and directod for condensation ~o obtain ga~
and usaful liquid products. Pyrogenic watex rosulting from
condensation i~ d~livered into the source 26 to b~ used as
c oo l~nt ~ . . `
Solid matte~ x~sulti~ xom thermal decompositio~ is a
high-energy ~uel calorific power o~ which has ris~n fxom 6400-
6700 large.calories per ki~ogram to about 6600-7200 largo
calori~s per kilogram due to the adsorptioxL of heavy tar by
pul~s:~zed particles. ~hi~ being th~ cas~9 the hy~roscopicity
o~ th0 ~o~d product b,a~ great~ decreased.
l?rom the third cham~sr 19 the vapour-and-gas su~pe~sion
co~taining so~id matter,. vapour-and-gas mixture arLd wat~r is
d~ red il:~o th~ additio:~al cooLi~g chamber ~2. Simu~ta:~eously
trad~ eî~uer~t is tangen~iall~ I ~d in~o -the additio~a~ chamber
32 throu~;h s~Pra;yers 34 to cool the vapour-a~d-gas suspe~sio~ to
:
,,.. . ~ ,.,, ., . ; , .. . . . .

~.~L3~l~3~3
a t~mp~ratur~ o~ from 80 to ~0C. ~hi~ causes cond~nsation
o~ vapours o~ heavy9 i~t~rmediate and ligh~ tar fraction~ as
w~l a~ o~ water, a~d toget;her with ~;ummed p~i¢le~; o:~ solid
matter they form a susp~nsion which ~ows i~o the mearLs ~
~or di~chargillg t:he pulp. ~on-co~de~od ~a~our-and-gas mi~ure
i ~ delivered throu~h the connection pipe 38 i~to the w~t cyclo-
399 wher~in it a~ freed from solid and liquid admixture~. ;
~h~ pu~ified vapour-a~d-gas miætU:lCQ il3 de~ivered ~or further
~roce8si~;, wh~re use~ul products are sep~rated ~rom this :;
mi:~rture in ~he regu~ar wasr, while th~ remaining gas ia sup- :
plied to the ~urnace of t~e boi~ex 120 `:
~ rom the means 36 ~or dischar~;irLg the pulp a~d ~rom the ~ .
separa~or 39 the pulp i~ d~live:rad by *he meteri~3 deYices
37 and 41 to the pip~ Le 44 which ~ommu~icates with the
pulp co~umer. W~e~ it i~ desi~ed. to challge th~ pulp conce~
trat~o~9 wat~r or solid product i~ the form oî pulveriged
particle~ which hav~ adsorbed heavy tar are added to the
pc~lp through the co~ectio~ pipe~ 46 arld.~5.
:13xample 1
Brown coa:L ha~Ti.n~ th~ ;ash corL-t~nt o~ 9,6% was pulverized
urlt~l the particle ~ize was less than 1 mm ~d prehaated to :
the temperature o~ 1'iOa ~or the purpose o~ dryi~g. ~ubsequ~
e~ly, the coa~ was fed into the cyclone chamber 1 and heated
by a gas heat carriex in the ~orm of stack ga~ cilear oî free
oxyge~. ~d having a temperatur3 310t low~r than 500C. The
stack ga~ wa~ dslivsred in~o the cyclone chamber 1 in the
.~

- 17_
~3~3~!3
ratio of 200 kg per 1 to:D of coa~ fractio~ of a second
(about 0.3 sec.) the charge coal was heated to a temperature
o~ 300-500C~ i.e~, to the temperature at which thermal de~om-
position o~ the char~e coal begins~ ~uch fast he~ting prac- -:
ticall~ did not change the ~o~nposition oî ths coal sincs
o~l~ 20 kg o~ stuf~ was removed thera:Ers}n consisti~g o~ ;~
pyrogenic waterp gas and ~ntrained coal~
~ I~ated to the ~emperature o~ the beginning of thermal
decompositio~, ths coa~ was del~Yered into the second cyclone
chambar 15 where ~t was en~rained by a vorte~ of hot stack
gas~ ~80 cle~r o~ ~ree oYygen, the ra~io being 310 ~g o~
stack ga~ per 1 ton of the ~ue~ b~ process~d. ~he sta~k
gas temperature was not lowsr than 900C. Mixed with the
~taclc gas, tho ~oal was heated in about 0.,3 second to a
temperature Q:f 500-800VC, i.,e~, to the tsmperature of thermal
decompositio~ o~ the ~ual to form a vapour-and-gas ~uspensio~ :
contai~ g per 1 ton o~ ~rgarlic coal: 530 kg o:E so~id matter~
260 ~s:g o~ pyro~y~is ga~, 120 kg o~ tar havin~ the hoili~g
t~mperatUre oî 240C and of natural ~;asoline ar~d 70 l~g of
py~o~nlc water whi¢h containi~lg 495~0 o~ ~ater ~olubl0 phe~
liC a¢i~ and oth~r ~rga~ic compou~d~. :
Aacordix:g to the inve~io~ the resulta~t vapour-and-gas
~uspen~ion was delivered i~o th~ third cyc~on~ chambar 'l9
~d coo~ea by a direct co~tact thereoî with water which was
tallgentially Ied into the chamb~r 19. :~
,
. '
.. , ~ . , ,, ,.,.. ,, - ,, -

18! ~3~3,f~3
~ o ~limi~at0 th~ x~ecessiby of purifying pyrogenic water
resulti~; from the coa~ processing, thi~ water was used as
coo~ant., To cool the vapou~-and-gaæ suspe~sion to a t~mpera- ~:
tura o~ 360~G an~ o~ 140~C, there were ~upplied 710 and 1~30kg
of water, respectively, per ton o~ the charge coal. 0~ cooling;
the vapour-a~d;gas suspen~ion to a tem~rature of about ~60C ~:
a~d 140C the solid matter w~ighing 530 kg adsorb~d i~ tur~
72 a~d 110 k~ of tarS ro~pec~iv~ly.
~`
~ I:he~ it was de~ired to obtain a solid resu~ting product~
solid matter was partially or completel~r separated îrom the
Yapour-and-gas suspexlsiorl. .
Whe~ solid matter was completely separated from the vapo-
ur arld-gas suspen3ion9 the latter was delivqrad for purifica~
bion with sub~equen~ tr~atment, usual~ by condensi~, to pro-
duce use:Eu~ liquid and @;a~ products.
Solid matter re~uLti~g from thqrma de~ompo~ition o~ the -
~coal was a high;e~ergy ~ue~ the ca~ori~ic power o~ which, as
compared with that of th~ charge coa~j had risen ~cm 6400~
6700 to 6600-7200 larg~ ca~ories pex kilog~am due to the ad-
~orptio~ o~ heavy tars by pulverlzed particles. As the pul-
verized particl3~ of solid matter w~r~ covered with a thin
layer o~ ti~r, the hygro~copicit~ of ~olid mattar ha~ miarked~
~y decreasad. Be~ides, ~o~id màtter wa~ ameniable to briquet- ~:
..
klng,
Si~ce hygro~copicity o~ the 601id mat~r ha~ ~ppreciably
decreased, conveying thereo~ through water channel~ becama
; :

~L~34~3
po~sibl~. Seco~d coo~ g resultad ~n condensation o~ the ~;
previously unad~orbed fractlons of iIl~ermediate and light
tar1 as well a~ o~ pyrog0~ic wa~flr ~a?ours which in combina-
tio~ with ~o~id partic~a~3 and water p.roduced a mixture in the
form o~ ~ pulp. The re~u~ting product in the form oî a pulp
wa:s de~i~ered through a wa~ar cha~el to the co~sumer. ~he
pyrogenio ga~ re~ulting from tho cooling of -the vapour~ d-gaq
~uspension wa~ also purified, ~nd de~1~rered to the consumer9
e.gc~ into the funlace o~ tha boi~er of the apparatus ~or
p~actising the mQthod aGCording to th~ inve~tio~
~ he combustion heat o~ th0. pulp produced i~ h~e forego~
ing ma~aer i8 two three times th~t of the ~oal~ d water
pulp based o~ natura~ coal.
.
Mi~ed peat (de~ompo~itio~ leve~ 45-60%~ ash co~tent
5.7%~ wa~ crushed to abo~t 0 to 60 ~cxo~s a~d d:ried u~til
residual ~o~tur~ co~tent wa~ about 9~0. ~h~ peat thu~ prepar~d
was ~ed into the cyolo~e ~hamber ~ d hea~ed ther~i~ b~
~taal~ ga~ having a t~mperaturo ~lOt less than 350a~ Stack
gases wer~ 8uppli~d i~ the ra~lo o~ 160-230 k~ per ton o~
thc char~;e peat. I~ 0.3 seco~d the pea~ ~a~ heated to
te~npera~ure oî 250-3û0C at which tharmal ~ecompositior
o~ p~at begiIIso With such ~ast heating the peat compositio~
rem~ined practically u~changed. ~eated ~o a temp~r~ure o~
the beg~ g of thermal decoanposition the pe~ wa~ de~ivered ~ ~
.~: ., , ' ' ,:

~39!C3~3
to the second c~c~one chamber 15 and again heated in a stream
of ~tack gase~ having a temp~rature not les~ than 600C.
S-tack gases wera supp~ied iIl the ratio of 180-270 kg per ton
of the p~atO In ~ractions o~ a se~ond (about 0.~3 sec. ) the
peat ~vas hes~ted to a temperatura o~ 500-550C at which a~
inte:~se ther~al d~compo~ition oî peat takes place to îo~
a vapour-and-ga~ suspensiorl. ~he r~ultarlt ~apour-and-gas
~u~pension co~tained pex to~: 5û~o of tar, 34Y0 o~ so~id matt6r"
11% of wa~er so~ubl~ phenol~ a~d other orga~lc compour~d~ and
5% o~ p;srrogenic ga~
Ac~ording to th~ inve~tior~. the resu~tant vapour-and-gas
su~pen~ion v~s deliversd into the third cyclone chamber 19
and subjected to ~orced cooling ~r a direct co~tact of the
~hamber with water which ~as t~gentia~l~ fed into the cham~
berO ~o avoid p~lrificatio:ll of the p~ro~a~ic water resulting
from th~ pea~ proce~sing, tha f`o,rmar wa~ used as coo~nt.
~ o cool the vapour-a~d-gas ~uspension to a temperature
of about 360-140a, 605 ~d 930 ~ of water, respe~-tively,
wer~ supp~ied per 1 ton o~ the ¢h~rge pea~. On cooling the
~taam-a~d-ga~ ~u~pension to a temperature of about ~60 a~d
140C, solid m~tter weighing 500 kg adso~bed 45 and 82 k~ ~;
of tar~ r0spective~y~
~ o obt~ the resulting product i~ thQ :~orm of so7id
matter the latter wa~ partial~y or completely separated from
the ~apour~a~d-gas mixture. W:he~ solid matter was completaly
separated fxom the vapour-~d-gas mi~kure, the latter wa~
~.
~..
., .. ,. . ...... ., ....... .. .. . ~ . ... .. . .
- .

- 2~
3~3
d~ivered f'or purifica~io~ with su~sequent treatme~ for
obtaining useful liquid and gaseou~ products~
So~id matter resul~i~g from thermal decompo~ition of the
pea~ i~ a high~e~rgy fuel the calori~c power o~ which, a~
comparsd with ~he charge peat~ ha~ rise~ ~rom 6000 to 630Q
larga c~lorie~ per kilogram due to the adsoxption o~ hea~y
tar by pulv~rized pa~tic~9s. ~ygrosGopicit~ of the resu~-
ta~t ~uel ha~ appreciabl~ decr~ased, a~d become amenable to
briquetti~g.
B~caus~ o~ it~ low h~gro~copicity the resultant ~olid
matter may be water-coz:lveyed to the consumer. ~o reduce tho
~uel h;ygroscopicity,accord~ng to the i~vention tha vapour-
a~d-gas su~pension coo~ed to a temperatur0 of 360-140C was
deliv~red i~to anothex cyclo~e chamber and subjected to a
~scond he~:ting to a temperatuxe o~ 80-20Co It resulted
in the oondensation o~ vapour~ o~ fractures of ~termediate
and light tars, wlad30rbed by sQ~id matter and o~ pyrogenic
water ~hich i~ ¢ombi~a~io~ produced a mixture in the form o~
~ pulp. ~h~ r~u~tant pulp was deliv~red to the consumer,
whil~ the~oooled pyrogenic gas wa~ ~ed i~to the wet c.yclo~e
399 wherain it was ~xeed ~rom ~olid partic~es and liquid
admixtur~s and deliYered to the co~sumar.
The resulta~t solid matter i~ ~h~ form of pulverized
part~c~es which had adsorbed he~vy tar was separated ~rom : ;
the vapour-and-gas s~spe~lon~ a~d the ~atter wa~ directed ;~
::

` 2~ ~3~3~3
- ~,
to be purified and cond~ sed to produce gas a~d u~ieful li~
quid product~. Pyro~:Dic wa~er resulti~ig fro~ the co~de~-
satio~ o~ the vapour-and-gas su~psllsio~ was ~r~0d o~ tar
a~d utiliz~d a~ coola~tl,
~ lle there ha~7~ been herein disclosed but the preferred:
o~bodim0n~ oî th~ m~thod and appara~u~ according to the
i~YeD~io~, other ambodime~ts a~d modi~icatiorl thereof within
the ~cope o:E the ~ppe~ded cl~ will be obYiou~ to those
olcill~d i~ the art.
:
'.' . '
'
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.
'
:
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:. . . ' :, . . ' ' : ' " ' ,, ' ':: ' ', ,. ; " , . ;.:: ' ' . ' ' ' ~ j :

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Administrative Status

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Event History

Description Date
Inactive: Expired (old Act Patent) latest possible expiry date 1999-10-26
Grant by Issuance 1982-10-26

Abandonment History

There is no abandonment history.

Owners on Record

Note: Records showing the ownership history in alphabetical order.

Current Owners on Record
GOSUDARSTVENNY NAUCHNO - ISSLEDOVATELSKY ENERGETICHESKY INSTITUT IMENI G.M. KRZHIZHANOVSKOGO
Past Owners on Record
ANATOLY M. NIKOLAEV
BORIS F. BRATCHENKO
IVAN V. LYASHENKO
ROBERT M. SHIBAEV
SERGEI A. TSUPROV
VADIM A. KARASEV
ZINOVY F. CHUKHANOV
ZINOVY Z. CHUKHANOV
Past Owners that do not appear in the "Owners on Record" listing will appear in other documentation within the application.
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Document
Description 
Date
(yyyy-mm-dd) 
Number of pages   Size of Image (KB) 
Cover Page 1994-02-23 1 35
Claims 1994-02-23 3 120
Abstract 1994-02-23 1 49
Drawings 1994-02-23 1 27
Descriptions 1994-02-23 22 1,177