Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~L~3~3~
METHOD 0~ APPARATUS ~OR ~r~ PROCESSING 0~ PUI,V~RIZED
SO~ID ~?UEI,
~ he invention relates to methods Of and apparatus for
break-down processing of solid carbon-contai~ing stock~ and
moxe ~?ecificall;y9 to m~thod:3 o~ a~d apparatus for h~at pro~
cess~ng o~ pulYerized solid Euel
The inv~tio~ is parti~ul~rly suitable for a combined
productioxl of both high- ensrg~r pulverized ~uel i~tended for
indu~trial and domestic furnaces as well as of gaseous a~d
liquid products of variou~ applications~
Methods o~ a~d apparatus ~or pyrolysis, or heat processi~g
o~ pulvorized solid ~uel having the particle si~e below 1 ~m
at high heating rates on the order o~ 103 to 106 degrees per
seco~d are well kno~n i~ the art. As compared with those . ~ :
~ased on slolw-rate he~ting, such methods provide for a~L
increased yield of both solid and liquid product~ which ara
subsequently co~verted into sy~thetic liquid ~uel and into :`
t~ch~ical a~d chemica~ raw materials~
t~here i~ k~own i~ th~ art one prlo-art ~ethod of and
apparatus for heat processing o~ pulverized solid ~uel, as
disclosed i~ the USSR Inv~ntor'~ Certi~icate ~o. 335~267.
~ he above m~thod for heat processing of pul~erized aolid
~el inoludes the steps of hoating th~ ~uel by a gaseous heat
carrier within less tha~ o.~o seco~d to a tamperatur~ Xrom
300 to 500C at whioh th~rma~ dscomposition thereof begins,
~ollowed by heating tha fuel b~ the heat carri~r within less
~han one ~cond to a temperaturQ from 500 to 800G at which
~hermal decompositio~ thereof grows very i~tense to form a
-- - 2 - 1~3~3~3
vapour-and-gas su~pension containing solid particle~, gas,
tar vapours a~d water v~pour~, breaking th~ resultant
vapour-and-gas suspension into a solid matter and a ~apour-
-a~d-gas mixture, puri~ying and conde~sing the vapour-and-
-ga~ mix*ure to produce gas~ use~ul liquid products and to
separat~ heav~ tars and pyrogenic wator th0refrom~
Tho above apparatus ~ox h~at processing o~ pulverized
solid fuel compr~es a first; chamb~r provided with a meazl~ ;
~or ~eedi~g a charg~ fuel thereto and with a m~ans for de~i-
vering a gaseous heat carrier thereto and disckarging it
therafrom, th~ gaseous heat carrier being i~tended to hea~
the fu~ to a temp~raturo at which therma~ decompositio~
ther~o~ bsgin~, a s~co~d chamber successively connect~d to
th~ ~irst one and provided with a means ~or delivering
the ga~eous heat carrier thereto to heat the ~uel to a tem- ;~
perature at whi:ch ther~al d~composition thereo~ grows very
i~ten~i~e to îorm a ~pour-and-~;as suspensio~ with a mea:~s
for separating a solid mattor ~rom the vapour-and-gas mi~ture, :~
a~d with a separator for p~ri~ying the vapou.r-and-gas mi~ture -~
arld :~edi~g it for conds~sation to obt~in gas, ufieful ligu.id
produc~ d to separ~:te tar a~d p~roge~ic water there~rom.
~ 'he above method ~d the apparatu~ ~o:r practising same,
~imilar to other methods k~ow~ in. the art, and apparatus for
~ast p~rolysis, ~;ive~ a~ reàsed~;yield OI tar. An overall ~:
iIIcreased yiold o~ tar nat~rally involves an illcreased co~ :
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tell~ of heavy tar therein. '~hough thfl combu~tion h~at o~ :
the resultant heavy tar (8~00 large calorie~ per l~ilogram)
is kr~own to be higher than that of the resultant ~olid :~
ma~ter (6400 to 6700 large calories per ~ilogI~am), its us~
as fuel prese~t~ som0 di~iculties~ Thesa ~if~iculties are
e~plained by its being an amorphous plastic sub~tance which
is too viscous to be delivered to the consumer t~ough a .
pipeli~e and i~ufficiently hard for tra~sportation in tanks.
Thus~ in ordex to use.heavy tar as a liquid ~uel, it is to be :.;
rendered i~to liquid state b;r heating9 which naturally invol-
~es addi~ional power, ti~ a~d ~abour consumption.
As it is known commorlly~ said apparatus ~or processing
pul~T~rized soJ,id ~uel accordi:llg to the above rnethod yields
solid product in the form o~ ~mall p~rticles ha~ g a porous
surfac~. ~his.ca~es both a~ r~ased hygro¢opîcity of solid
product and it~ tende~cy to pulveri~ation. A high hygroscopi-
city rules out tha pos~ibilit~ o~ stori~ th~ so~id product
outdoor~ while its te~d~ncy to pulv~rization makes th~
working co~di.tions u~health~ and causes co~siderable lossss
o~ fue~. It should bo ~oted that the process yields also
such ~ide product- as pyrog~nic wa~er which co~tains or~anic
compounds disso~ved ther~ln. Pxior to disposa~ p~rog~nic
water is to be decontami~ated, which results i~ rather
high capital and pr~ductio~ costs.
~ t is an object of the in~e~io~ to develop a method
o~ and an apparatus ~or heat process~g of pu~verized solid
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3~;~3
;Euel which enable th~ productio~ o~ a solid matter having axL
increa~ed combustion heat.
~ other object o:E the irlYe~tion is to provid0 a method
~or hsa~ p~oce~sing of pulvori~d solid ~uel and an apparatus
for practising the mQthod which enable he~v~ ~ar to bs ad-
~orbed b~ pulveriz~d particle~ of so~id mattsr,
A ~urther objact o~ the i~e~tiol~ is to provide a
method and an apparatu~ ~or heat proces~ing of pulverized sol-
id ~uel which ~ield a solid mattor suitable for bei~g conveyed
by water chann~ls~
A still furthcr ob~ect of t~e invention is the provision
o.~ a method of a~d a~ apps;ratus ~or heat processi~ of pulva-
rized ~olid ~uel allowi~g utilization of pyroge~ic water which
is a ~ide prod~ct requiri~g decolltami:oatio~ prior to disposaJ.
A~ong the obJects OI the inve~tion is also to provide
a method o~ ~nd an appa:ra~us ~o:r heat processi:[lg o~ pulvsrized
~o~id ~ual which enable ~he ma~uïacture o~ enqrgy-produc~g ~u~.
in the ~orm of a pulp ~ui-tabla ~or bei~g conve~;sred by wat~r
ahann~ ls .
~ he foregoi~g a~d other objects are attained b;y a method
o~E heat proce~sing O:e pul~a~rized solid fuel inoludir~g the
~tep~ o~ heating the ~uel b~ a ~aseous heat ca:rrier withi~
les~ tharl o~e second to a temperature from ~OO to 5OOa at
which thermal decompo~itio:~ o~ the ~uel begin~, ~o~lowed by
heat~ the ~uel by a ga~eou~ hea:t carrier w:ithi~ less tha~
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,.
one saoorld to a temperature from 500 to 800G at which thermal
decom~osition of the fuel ~;row~ verg intense' to ~orm a vapour- :
-a~d-ga~ su~perlsion containi:~g solid particles, ~as, tar
~apou~ d water vapour~, br~aking th~ r~ulta~t vapour
-an~-gas su~pension i~to so~id ma~ter a~d vapour~and-gas
mixtura9 puri~yi~g and co~densing tha mi:~ture to o~ai~ ga~,,
useful liquid products and to separa~ pyrogenic watex ~:
th~refrom, according to the inve:r~tio~ th0 r~sultallt vapour-
d-gas suspension~ prior to being broken i~to a solid
m~tter a~d a vapou~ d-gas ~ture, is coo~ed by a direct
conte~lt thareo~ with a coo~ .to a tempsrature ~r~m 360 to ;.
~14~C ~t ~hich pulYerized particl~s o~ the so~id matter ad-
~orb heavy tar~.,
0~ cooli~g to a te~peratur~ o~ above 360C the amou~t o~ ;
h~avy tar adsorbed by pu`lv~xized particles of the ~uel is
practical~y negligiible, ~hile on cooling to a t~mperatur~
b~low~ 0C the amo~t' of ~ar adsorb~d by pulveriz0d particles
grow~ to high values as a result of oond~n~in~ interm~aiat~
tar, thereby causes excessive aggluti~a~io:n of solid matto~
'Jlatar mag be used a~ a coola~t.
It i~ ~ood ~?ractice to use as coolant, pyrogenic wa~er
or ligl:lt tar r~su~ting ~rom the heat processi~ of 33olid
~u~l. ' '
- '~ha result~ v~our-and-ga~ ~uspen~ion ma~r be onre more
coo~od b~ ~atar to a tem~erature ~rom 80 to 20C to obtain
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the resultin~ produc-t i~ tho form o~ a pulp. In this casa
cooling o~ the vapour-and-gas ~uspe~sion to a te~peratura o~
above 80G makes impossible tha co~de~sation of pyroge~ic `
wat~r a~d the ~ar u~adsorbed by th~ solid matt~r4 Cooling
below 20C requiro~, as a rulo, additiona~quipmerlt~ :
~ he ~oregoi~g and other obj~cts are also attained b~
an apparatu~ ~or heat processing of pulverized ~olid ~ue~,
comprisin~ a first chamber pxov~ded with a means ~or feeding
a charge fuel ther~to and with a means ~or delivering a
gaseous heat carrier thereto and discharging it there~rom7
the gaseous ~eat carrior being i.ntended to heat th~ fuel to
a temperatur~ o~ therma~ docomposition thereo~, a second
chamber successivel~ connected to the ~irst one and provided
with a means for deliveri~g the gas he~t carriar into the
second chamber to ~eat the fuel to a temperature` at which
thermal decomposition thereof grows. very i~ense to form a
vapour-and-ga~ susperlsio~, accordi~g to the inve~tio~ incor-
porat~s a third chamber succe~si~rely co~ected to the second
chamber and provlded with a means, communicating with a
cool~t sourc~, for spxaying a coolaxl~ i~ the third chamber
to cooJ the vapour-and-gas ~uspe~sion t~ a temp~rature ~t
which pulverized particles of solid ~atter adsorb haaY~
resin~d with means ~or dis~harging solid matter from
the third chamb~r.
~hu~, the third ¢hambsr commu~icatirLg wi~h a coola~
~ource permits the ~apour-and as suspen~iorl to be cooled
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to a temp~rature at which h~avy tar is adsorbed by pu~veri~ed
particles~ and this i~ tur:~ enab~es the production o~ a so:Lid
matter having an i~crea~ed combustion heat. ~esid~s, in this
state the ~olid m~tt~r is ~itable ~or bein~; conY~yed b,y water
cha~s a~d practically do~s ~ot pu~verize~
It is advi~able ~ha~ a~ add1tional chamber be successive-
ly conn~cted to the third cha;mber of the ~oregoing apparatu-s9
said additional cham~ar being providqd with a mea~ or spray-
i~g water th~rein to cool the ~apour~ d-g~s suspsnsion in or-
der to obtain the resulti~g product i~ the îorm o~ a pu~p~
and also with a me~s and a separator to dischargs the resu~
ta~ pulp arld gas mi:~ture~ respectiv~ly thereIrom.
It is posæi~le to put in communication said separator9 as
well as a mea~s for dischaI~gi~g the pulp, with a pulp aonveyi~g
pi~eline~ '~'his allows for dischargin~; from the separator water
a~d ~olid particles which m~y ~e caug~t therei~ arLd for con-
Yeying the pulp directl~ to the consumer.
It is advisable to pro~ide said pipeli~e with'conrl~ction
pipe~ for adding solid ma~ter or wat~r th0r0throu~h in order
to change the pulp conce~tra~ionO
~ `he :Eor~goiIlg and other object~ o~ the inventiv~ will
becom~ more apparent from the con~i~eration OI a detailed
descrip-tion OI the eml~odimellts oî the i~ve~io~ taken in
con~unc~ion with the ac~ompan~i~g drawing which sho~s a di- : :
agrammatic view o~ an apparatu~ Ior haat processing o~ pulve- :
riz~d so~id îuel~,
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~ he proposed method OI heat processing o~ pulverized solid
fuel is practiaed in the followin~; ma~narO
Pulverized solid ~uel ha~ g th~ particlo si~e l~ss th~
1 mm i~ preheatQd to a temperature o:E '110C for the purpose of
d~ying~
~ he pulvsriz~d so~id fuel so prepared i~ heated by a ga~
seous h~at ~arrier clear oî ~rea o:gygen i~ less than one se~
cor~d to a t~mp~rature of 300-500C at which thermal decomposi-
tion OI the ~uel begi~s. Th~ used heat carxier is s~parated
~rom the fuel alr~ady heated to a temperatur0 o~ 300-500~a,
and then the ~uol is subjected to fu~ther heating b~r the gase
ous heat car~ier in less tha~ one second ~o a temperature o~
500-800C at which inten~ thermal decompos:ition o~ the ~uel
takes place to ~orm a vapour~ gas suspension consisting of
solid particles~ gas, tar vapours and wa~er ~pours. Aecording
to the i~Ye~tio~ the re~ulta~t vapour-and gas suspension is
~ubJected to forced cooling by a direct co~tact thereo~ with
a coolant to a tempera~ure o~ 360 140C at which pulve~ized
particle~ o~ th~ so~id m~tter adsorb h~avg tar~ Water or pyro-
g~ni¢ w~ter whi~h i~ to b~ puri~ied prior to disposal is us~d
~or coolin~ the vapour-a~d-gas suspe~sion.
When it lS desirab~e to obtain the resulti~g product i~
the ~orm of solid fuel, ~he pu~v~rized particles which ha~e
ad~orbed heavy t~r~ are sQparated from ~he vapour-and-gas
mixture and deliv~re~ to the oonsumer~ ~he resulta~t ~apour~
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_ g .
-and-ga~ mixture is in turn directed to be purified and conden-
sed in order to obtain useful liquid producta and to separate
pyro~enic water therefrom.
Thus, the adsorbtion of heavy ~ar by pulveri~ed particles
increase~ the combustion heat o~ the eolid matter, enables
it to be conveyed by water channels and pr~vent~ pulverization.
It æhould be noticed that when cooling the ~apoux-and-gas
su~pension to a temperature of above 360C, the amount of heavy
tar ad~orbed by pul~eriæed p~rticle~ of the fuel is practically
negligi~le, that i~ the advantages of the proposed method are
lost On the other hand, when cooling the resultan-t vapour-and-
-gas su~peneion to a temperature below 140C, the abount of tar
adsorbed by pulverized particle~ grows to high value3 due to
conden~ation of intermed~ate re~in. A con~iderable adsorption
o-~ tar by pulverized particle~ i~ xespon~ible for an exces~ivè ~;
agglutination of soIid matter~ which in turn causes the ~tick-
ing o* ~olid matter to the walls o~ faciiitie~ intended for
discharging the re~ulting product.
~ o obtain the re~ulting product in the form of a pulp,
the vapour-and-ga~ suspen3ion cooled to a temperature of
360~140C i~ sub~ected to a ~eco~d forced cooling by water
to a temperature of 80-20C. On cooling, intermediate and part ;`
of light tar are condensed9 which together with ~olid particles
~nd the coolant form a pulp ~uitable to be delivered directly
to the consumer. ~n thi~ case 9 the copling o* the ~vapour-and-~as~
suspension to a temperature of above 8~C excludes the complete ;~
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condensation of pyrogenic water and o~ light tar unadsorbed
by solid matter. The cooling below 20C require~ a~ a rule,
additional equipment Qnd, consequently, additional capital and
operational production cost~.
Due to condensation o~ fractures of intermediate and part
o~ light tar the re~ul~ing product in the form o-~ a pulp i8
characterized by an increased eombu~tion heat and may be de-
livered through a pipeline direct,ly to the con~umer, Moreover,
.
when pyrogenic water is used as coolant, there i9 no need ~or it
to be purified prior to di~posal, becau~e organic combustible
~ub~tance~ dis301ved therein, e,g,, phenylic acids~ are utilized,
The apparatus for heat processing of pulveri~ed solid ~uel
comprises a ~irst cyclone chamber 1 formed a~ a cylindrical
~hell with an abutting tapered bottom (not Yhown), The fir~t
chamber 1 i8 provided with a mean~ 2 for $eedin~ thereto pul-
verized ~olid ~uel to be proce~ed, This mean~ 2 incorporates
a hopper 3 for a charge fuel, which hopper i8 connected by a
conduit 4 to the ~ir~t chamber 1, A turn~tile-type ~eeder 5 i~ -
built into the c~nduit 4, Abutting the upper portion o~ the
~:ir~t chamber 1 i~ mean~ 6 for delivering a ga~eous heat
carrier the~eto to heat, the ~uel to a temperature at which
khermal decompo~ition thereof begin~ to ~orm a vapour-and-ga~
su~pen~ion containing ~olid particleB~ g6~, tar vapours and
water vapour~r The mean~ 6 for delivering the heat carrier ~,
i~ pro~ided with a connection pipe 7 which tangentially
adjoin~ the shell of thc~ ~ir8t chamber l, A burner communicat-
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in~ with a gas fu~l source (both not shown~ is coaxLall;y
mou~ted within the connection pipe 7. Th~ burn~r serve~ for
bur~ing a gas fuel to produce a heat carrier in the ~orm o~ :
a stack gas practicall~ free oî oxygen. ~ connection pipe 8
is coa~ially moun~ed wi~hin the first chamber ~ d con~ects
the latter to a mea~s 9 for di~charging the usad-up heat
carrier~ ~ tur:~lstile-type ga~e 10 is provided ~or discharging
unutiliz~d fuel taken. awa~y by thc heat carrier while a conduit
II connected to the fu~nac~ o~ a boiler 12 is in~ended to
discharge the hea~ ¢arrior. .
~ ~econd cyclons chamber 15 is successively co~n6cted
to the first chambex 1 b~ a conduit ~3 with a turnstile feeder
14. '~o d~livor the gaseous hoat carrier i~to t~o second
cyclo~e chambor ~5 a~d to heat the fuel to a tsmperature o~
its intense th~rmal deco~positio~, the above chamb~r 15 is
provlded with a means 16 incorporati~g a connection pipe 17
which tan~;Q~tia~ly adjoin~ tha second chamber 15 ~d illcludes
a burner (not shown) coa:sdally mount~d therein for burning
the ~uel to produce a gaseou~ heat carri0r in th~ ~orm oï
o:cygen-fro~ ~tack ~;as.
third cyalo~e-b~rpe chamber 19 successive~y co~ected
~o t;hs second chamber 15 b~ a conduît 18~ Abutt~Lg the upper
po:rtion of -~,h0 third chamb~r 19 i~ a mean~ 20 ~or spra;ying
~ coola:~t to cool the vapour~ d-gas suspensio~ to a temper~
ture at whioh heavy tar i~ adsorb2d b~ pulveriz~d particles
of ~olid mattorO Said me~s 20 oompri~es a plurali~;y of spr~y
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~ ~3 ~3~ 3
er~ 21 tange~tially mou~tqd wi~hin tho third chamb~r 19~ The
spra~ers 21 are connect~d to a conduit 22 which commu~icates
through co~duits 23 and 24 with ~ouxc~ 25 and 26 o~ ordinary
a~d pyroge~ic wator9 respectively. ~he third cham~er 19 com-
prise~ mean~ 27 for d~scharging ~olid matter in th~ form o~
pulYerized par~ic~e~ which have adsorbed heavy tar, the mean~
27 being ~ormed as a co~ectio~ pipe 28 provided with a tur~--
stil~-typ~ me~ring device 29~ Be~ldes~ a con~ctio~ pipe 30
i~ co~iall~ mou~tod within the thi~d cham~er 19 which connec-
tio~ pipe connects the ~atter to a cyclo~e separator 31 ~or
discharging the vapour-and-gas mi~ture and delivering it ~or
oondensatio~ to obtai~ ga~ a~d use~ul liquid products.
~ additional c~clone chamber 32 is succsssively connected
to the thixd chamber 19. Mounted in the upper por~ion o~ th~
additional chamber 32 ii3 a mea~s 33 ~or ~praying wa~r in th~
chamber 32 to cool the vapour~a~d-gai3 ~uspension in ordex to
obtain tho xesulting product i~ th~ form o~ a pu~p. Th9 above
mca~s ~omprises by a plurality of spr~rs ~4 tangentia~ly
mounted within the third chamb~r 19. ~he sprayers ~4 are co~-
n~¢t~d by co~duit~ 35 a~ 2~ to the trade ~luent source 25
a~d to the pyrogenic wat~r ~ource 26, respectively. ~ :
Abutting the lower portion o~ the additional chilmber
~2 is a meani3 36 ~or dischargi~g the pulp, said me~n~ 36 bei~g
a ve~ti~ally positio~d pip~ pro~ided at the end with a tur~-
stile~t~pe meteri~g device 37 ~or relaasi~g the pulp.
A connection pipe 38 i~ coaxial~y positioned within the
additiona~ chamber ~2, th~ be~t end o~ the CQnneCtion pipe ~8 :-~
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connecting the chamber 32 to a separator 39 ~ormed as a wet
cyclone and partially light tar ~apour~g ~he upper portion
o~ the ~eparato.r 39 i~ provided with a conduit 40 ~or dis-
charging gas~ The lower portion o~ the ~eparator 38 is
provided with a turnstile-type metering device 4l ~or di~-
charging solid particles settled in the separator 38. The
means 36 ~or di~charging the pulp and the separator 39 are
connected through condui~ 42 and 43 to a pulp pipeline 44. ~:
The pipeline 44 is provided with connection pipe~ 45 and 46 fo~3
adding therethrough eolid matter and water in order to change
the pulp concentration~ :
The conduits 22 and 35 are pro~ided with control members
47 and 48 for controlling coolant supply.
q'he description of operation of the apparatus will also
F.lid in understanding the propose~ method for heat processing o~
pulverized solld fuel, brown coal being selected as a ~tarting
fuel to illu~trate the operation.
~ he appara~us for heat proce~sing pul~erized'~olid ~uel
operates in the following manner,
The pulverized bro~Yn coal having the particle ~ize below
l ~n i~ preheated to a temperature o~ about 110C for the
purpose of drying and thereafter fed by the feeder 5 from the
hopper 3 into -the fir~t chamber l. Simultaneou~ly an oxygen- :
~ree heat carrier in the *orm o~ a ~tack gas ha~ing a tempe-.
rature o~ not less than 500C is delivered into the chamber~l
th~ough the connection pipe 7~
The heat carrier tangentially enter~ the chamber l in
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the ratio of 200 kg per 1 torl of fuel and entrains ~he partic~
les of pulv~rized brown coal. Under the action of` centri~uga~
a~d gravity forces ths coal particl~ axe thrown towards the
ahamb~ wall and d~sc~nd ill the vort~ Th~ pulve~ized ooal
~a heated by th~ heat carrier to a temperature oî about 500~C.
~he u~ilizod gaseou~ heat carrier coo~ed down to 350C is
di~charg~d through the coD~ec~io~ pipe 8 i~to the cyc~one 9.
A portioll of th~ pulveriz2d fue~ caxried awa;s~ by the
heat carrier i~ ~eparated ther~from in a conve~tional manner.
Sub~sque~t~;y, the uti~ized heat carrier i~ directed for secon-
dary uti~izatiorl ~o ar~r heat con~umerp ~g., i~to th~ fur~ace
oï tha boiler 1~o .
Th~ ~eeder 1~ f~ed~ the coal bein~; processed from the
~ir~t chamber ~ o the ~cond chamber ~5. Concu~re~tly with
tho ~u~, the h~at carrier in th~ form of a ~tack gas heated
to a temperatura o~ above 900C is ~d into this chamber through
th~ co~ec~io~ pipe ~7. q~he heat car~ier i~ ~ed i~ the ratio
o~ 310 k~s per 1 ton o~ coal. In the second chambe.r 15 i~ ~ome
.Pra¢tion~ of a s~cond the coal is heated to a t~mperature o~
50~-800C at which ther~al d~composition o~ th~ coal ta}~es
pla¢e to ;~orm a vapour-and-gas suspension co~taini~g so~id
pa~ic~es a~d a ~apour;;a~d-gas mi~ture. ~;
~ hrou~h the conduit ~8 the resu~tant vapour-and-ga~ su~pen ;:-
~io~ ontors th~ third chamber 19. Simu~ar~eous~y a coola~t~
e-g~ p~rog~ water resultlng :er~ the coal processing? i~
i~txoduced irlto the chamb~r 19 through ~he spra;sr~rs 21 ~rom
th~ ~ourc0 26.
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~ he amou~t of th~ coolant delivered into the chamber 19
i~ sufficient fo~ cooling ~he vapour-and-gas su~pen~io~ to a
tempera~ur~ o~ ~60-140~a , namal~ 700 ~g pe~ 1 ton o~ ~uel
being p~ocs~Q0d. Und~r the~e co~ditio~s pulverized coal par-
ticla~ acti~ely adsorb heavy tar vapour~ i.e., pulverized
coal p~rticlfl~ are gattin~ gummed. '~hen i-t is desire~ to
obtain the result~ng ~olid matter i~ the ~orm of pulverized
~ummed particl~s9 it is to be di~charged from the chamb~ 19.
by th~ tur~ti~e-t~pe meteri~g devics 29. I~ this ca~e the
r~6U~tarLt v~pour-and~gas mixture i~ delivered through the
aonnaction pipe 30 into the separa~or 31, freed ther~in ~ro~
so~id particles and directod for condensation ~o obtain ga~
and usaful liquid products. Pyrogenic watex rosulting from
condensation i~ d~livered into the source 26 to b~ used as
c oo l~nt ~ . . `
Solid matte~ x~sulti~ xom thermal decompositio~ is a
high-energy ~uel calorific power o~ which has ris~n fxom 6400-
6700 large.calories per ki~ogram to about 6600-7200 largo
calori~s per kilogram due to the adsorptioxL of heavy tar by
pul~s:~zed particles. ~hi~ being th~ cas~9 the hy~roscopicity
o~ th0 ~o~d product b,a~ great~ decreased.
l?rom the third cham~sr 19 the vapour-and-gas su~pe~sion
co~taining so~id matter,. vapour-and-gas mixture arLd wat~r is
d~ red il:~o th~ additio:~al cooLi~g chamber ~2. Simu~ta:~eously
trad~ eî~uer~t is tangen~iall~ I ~d in~o -the additio~a~ chamber
32 throu~;h s~Pra;yers 34 to cool the vapour-a~d-gas suspe~sio~ to
:
,,.. . ~ ,.,, ., . ; , .. . . . .
~.~L3~l~3~3
a t~mp~ratur~ o~ from 80 to ~0C. ~hi~ causes cond~nsation
o~ vapours o~ heavy9 i~t~rmediate and ligh~ tar fraction~ as
w~l a~ o~ water, a~d toget;her with ~;ummed p~i¢le~; o:~ solid
matter they form a susp~nsion which ~ows i~o the mearLs ~
~or di~chargillg t:he pulp. ~on-co~de~od ~a~our-and-gas mi~ure
i ~ delivered throu~h the connection pipe 38 i~to the w~t cyclo-
399 wher~in it a~ freed from solid and liquid admixture~. ;
~h~ pu~ified vapour-a~d-gas miætU:lCQ il3 de~ivered ~or further
~roce8si~;, wh~re use~ul products are sep~rated ~rom this :;
mi:~rture in ~he regu~ar wasr, while th~ remaining gas ia sup- :
plied to the ~urnace of t~e boi~ex 120 `:
~ rom the means 36 ~or dischar~;irLg the pulp a~d ~rom the ~ .
separa~or 39 the pulp i~ d~live:rad by *he meteri~3 deYices
37 and 41 to the pip~ Le 44 which ~ommu~icates with the
pulp co~umer. W~e~ it i~ desi~ed. to challge th~ pulp conce~
trat~o~9 wat~r or solid product i~ the form oî pulveriged
particle~ which hav~ adsorbed heavy tar are added to the
pc~lp through the co~ectio~ pipe~ 46 arld.~5.
:13xample 1
Brown coa:L ha~Ti.n~ th~ ;ash corL-t~nt o~ 9,6% was pulverized
urlt~l the particle ~ize was less than 1 mm ~d prehaated to :
the temperature o~ 1'iOa ~or the purpose o~ dryi~g. ~ubsequ~
e~ly, the coa~ was fed into the cyclone chamber 1 and heated
by a gas heat carriex in the ~orm of stack ga~ cilear oî free
oxyge~. ~d having a temperatur3 310t low~r than 500C. The
stack ga~ wa~ dslivsred in~o the cyclone chamber 1 in the
.~
- 17_
~3~3~!3
ratio of 200 kg per 1 to:D of coa~ fractio~ of a second
(about 0.3 sec.) the charge coal was heated to a temperature
o~ 300-500C~ i.e~, to the temperature at which thermal de~om-
position o~ the char~e coal begins~ ~uch fast he~ting prac- -:
ticall~ did not change the ~o~nposition oî ths coal sincs
o~l~ 20 kg o~ stuf~ was removed thera:Ers}n consisti~g o~ ;~
pyrogenic waterp gas and ~ntrained coal~
~ I~ated to the ~emperature o~ the beginning of thermal
decompositio~, ths coa~ was del~Yered into the second cyclone
chambar 15 where ~t was en~rained by a vorte~ of hot stack
gas~ ~80 cle~r o~ ~ree oYygen, the ra~io being 310 ~g o~
stack ga~ per 1 ton of the ~ue~ b~ process~d. ~he sta~k
gas temperature was not lowsr than 900C. Mixed with the
~taclc gas, tho ~oal was heated in about 0.,3 second to a
temperature Q:f 500-800VC, i.,e~, to the tsmperature of thermal
decompositio~ o~ the ~ual to form a vapour-and-gas ~uspensio~ :
contai~ g per 1 ton o~ ~rgarlic coal: 530 kg o:E so~id matter~
260 ~s:g o~ pyro~y~is ga~, 120 kg o~ tar havin~ the hoili~g
t~mperatUre oî 240C and of natural ~;asoline ar~d 70 l~g of
py~o~nlc water whi¢h containi~lg 495~0 o~ ~ater ~olubl0 phe~
liC a¢i~ and oth~r ~rga~ic compou~d~. :
Aacordix:g to the inve~io~ the resulta~t vapour-and-gas
~uspen~ion was delivered i~o th~ third cyc~on~ chambar 'l9
~d coo~ea by a direct co~tact thereoî with water which was
tallgentially Ied into the chamb~r 19. :~
,
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18! ~3~3,f~3
~ o ~limi~at0 th~ x~ecessiby of purifying pyrogenic water
resulti~; from the coa~ processing, thi~ water was used as
coo~ant., To cool the vapou~-and-gaæ suspe~sion to a t~mpera- ~:
tura o~ 360~G an~ o~ 140~C, there were ~upplied 710 and 1~30kg
of water, respectively, per ton o~ the charge coal. 0~ cooling;
the vapour-a~d;gas suspen~ion to a tem~rature of about ~60C ~:
a~d 140C the solid matter w~ighing 530 kg adsorb~d i~ tur~
72 a~d 110 k~ of tarS ro~pec~iv~ly.
~`
~ I:he~ it was de~ired to obtain a solid resu~ting product~
solid matter was partially or completel~r separated îrom the
Yapour-and-gas suspexlsiorl. .
Whe~ solid matter was completely separated from the vapo-
ur arld-gas suspen3ion9 the latter was delivqrad for purifica~
bion with sub~equen~ tr~atment, usual~ by condensi~, to pro-
duce use:Eu~ liquid and @;a~ products.
Solid matter re~uLti~g from thqrma de~ompo~ition o~ the -
~coal was a high;e~ergy ~ue~ the ca~ori~ic power o~ which, as
compared with that of th~ charge coa~j had risen ~cm 6400~
6700 to 6600-7200 larg~ ca~ories pex kilog~am due to the ad-
~orptio~ o~ heavy tars by pulverlzed particles. As the pul-
verized particl3~ of solid matter w~r~ covered with a thin
layer o~ ti~r, the hygro~copicit~ of ~olid mattar ha~ miarked~
~y decreasad. Be~ides, ~o~id màtter wa~ ameniable to briquet- ~:
..
klng,
Si~ce hygro~copicity o~ the 601id mat~r ha~ ~ppreciably
decreased, conveying thereo~ through water channel~ becama
; :
~L~34~3
po~sibl~. Seco~d coo~ g resultad ~n condensation o~ the ~;
previously unad~orbed fractlons of iIl~ermediate and light
tar1 as well a~ o~ pyrog0~ic wa~flr ~a?ours which in combina-
tio~ with ~o~id partic~a~3 and water p.roduced a mixture in the
form o~ ~ pulp. The re~u~ting product in the form oî a pulp
wa:s de~i~ered through a wa~ar cha~el to the co~sumer. ~he
pyrogenio ga~ re~ulting from tho cooling of -the vapour~ d-gaq
~uspension wa~ also purified, ~nd de~1~rered to the consumer9
e.gc~ into the funlace o~ tha boi~er of the apparatus ~or
p~actising the mQthod aGCording to th~ inve~tio~
~ he combustion heat o~ th0. pulp produced i~ h~e forego~
ing ma~aer i8 two three times th~t of the ~oal~ d water
pulp based o~ natura~ coal.
.
Mi~ed peat (de~ompo~itio~ leve~ 45-60%~ ash co~tent
5.7%~ wa~ crushed to abo~t 0 to 60 ~cxo~s a~d d:ried u~til
residual ~o~tur~ co~tent wa~ about 9~0. ~h~ peat thu~ prepar~d
was ~ed into the cyolo~e ~hamber ~ d hea~ed ther~i~ b~
~taal~ ga~ having a t~mperaturo ~lOt less than 350a~ Stack
gases wer~ 8uppli~d i~ the ra~lo o~ 160-230 k~ per ton o~
thc char~;e peat. I~ 0.3 seco~d the pea~ ~a~ heated to
te~npera~ure oî 250-3û0C at which tharmal ~ecompositior
o~ p~at begiIIso With such ~ast heating the peat compositio~
rem~ined practically u~changed. ~eated ~o a temp~r~ure o~
the beg~ g of thermal decoanposition the pe~ wa~ de~ivered ~ ~
.~: ., , ' ' ,:
~39!C3~3
to the second c~c~one chamber 15 and again heated in a stream
of ~tack gase~ having a temp~rature not les~ than 600C.
S-tack gases wera supp~ied iIl the ratio of 180-270 kg per ton
of the p~atO In ~ractions o~ a se~ond (about 0.~3 sec. ) the
peat ~vas hes~ted to a temperatura o~ 500-550C at which a~
inte:~se ther~al d~compo~ition oî peat takes place to îo~
a vapour-and-ga~ suspensiorl. ~he r~ultarlt ~apour-and-gas
~u~pension co~tained pex to~: 5û~o of tar, 34Y0 o~ so~id matt6r"
11% of wa~er so~ubl~ phenol~ a~d other orga~lc compour~d~ and
5% o~ p;srrogenic ga~
Ac~ording to th~ inve~tior~. the resu~tant vapour-and-gas
su~pen~ion v~s deliversd into the third cyclone chamber 19
and subjected to ~orced cooling ~r a direct co~tact of the
~hamber with water which ~as t~gentia~l~ fed into the cham~
berO ~o avoid p~lrificatio:ll of the p~ro~a~ic water resulting
from th~ pea~ proce~sing, tha f`o,rmar wa~ used as coo~nt.
~ o cool the vapour-a~d-gas ~uspension to a temperature
of about 360-140a, 605 ~d 930 ~ of water, respe~-tively,
wer~ supp~ied per 1 ton o~ the ¢h~rge pea~. On cooling the
~taam-a~d-ga~ ~u~pension to a temperature of about ~60 a~d
140C, solid m~tter weighing 500 kg adso~bed 45 and 82 k~ ~;
of tar~ r0spective~y~
~ o obt~ the resulting product i~ thQ :~orm of so7id
matter the latter wa~ partial~y or completely separated from
the ~apour~a~d-gas mixture. W:he~ solid matter was completaly
separated fxom the vapour-~d-gas mi~kure, the latter wa~
~.
~..
., .. ,. . ...... ., ....... .. .. . ~ . ... .. . .
- .
- 2~
3~3
d~ivered f'or purifica~io~ with su~sequent treatme~ for
obtaining useful liquid and gaseou~ products~
So~id matter resul~i~g from thermal decompo~ition of the
pea~ i~ a high~e~rgy fuel the calori~c power o~ which, a~
comparsd with ~he charge peat~ ha~ rise~ ~rom 6000 to 630Q
larga c~lorie~ per kilogram due to the adsoxption o~ hea~y
tar by pulv~rized pa~tic~9s. ~ygrosGopicit~ of the resu~-
ta~t ~uel ha~ appreciabl~ decr~ased, a~d become amenable to
briquetti~g.
B~caus~ o~ it~ low h~gro~copicity the resultant ~olid
matter may be water-coz:lveyed to the consumer. ~o reduce tho
~uel h;ygroscopicity,accord~ng to the i~vention tha vapour-
a~d-gas su~pension coo~ed to a temperatur0 of 360-140C was
deliv~red i~to anothex cyclo~e chamber and subjected to a
~scond he~:ting to a temperatuxe o~ 80-20Co It resulted
in the oondensation o~ vapour~ o~ fractures of ~termediate
and light tars, wlad30rbed by sQ~id matter and o~ pyrogenic
water ~hich i~ ¢ombi~a~io~ produced a mixture in the form o~
~ pulp. ~h~ r~u~tant pulp was deliv~red to the consumer,
whil~ the~oooled pyrogenic gas wa~ ~ed i~to the wet c.yclo~e
399 wherain it was ~xeed ~rom ~olid partic~es and liquid
admixtur~s and deliYered to the co~sumar.
The resulta~t solid matter i~ ~h~ form of pulverized
part~c~es which had adsorbed he~vy tar was separated ~rom : ;
the vapour-and-gas s~spe~lon~ a~d the ~atter wa~ directed ;~
::
` 2~ ~3~3~3
- ~,
to be purified and cond~ sed to produce gas a~d u~ieful li~
quid product~. Pyro~:Dic wa~er resulti~ig fro~ the co~de~-
satio~ o~ the vapour-and-gas su~psllsio~ was ~r~0d o~ tar
a~d utiliz~d a~ coola~tl,
~ lle there ha~7~ been herein disclosed but the preferred:
o~bodim0n~ oî th~ m~thod and appara~u~ according to the
i~YeD~io~, other ambodime~ts a~d modi~icatiorl thereof within
the ~cope o:E the ~ppe~ded cl~ will be obYiou~ to those
olcill~d i~ the art.
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