Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~l~Z~7~
PATEI~T OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to fit-in block~
for the building of walls and to the method of cons-
truction utilising such blocks.
Blocks provided with holes for the rapid carry-
ing out of buildings are already kno~m. With the blocks
according to the present invention it is intended to
supply a type of block permitting greater speed and
simplicity in building, principally with the aim of
facilitating the self-building of dwellings, permittlng,
furthermore, with substantial saving~ of labour and
time, the building of inter-structural filling walls
in large buildings, with reinforced concrete or
concrete-covered steel structures,
The blocks in accordance with the present inven-
tion are intended for the building of external, interior
or partitioning walls ln any buildings, these blocks
being principally designed for the complete carrying
out of walls of one-storied or two-storied residential
buildings, or of ships of any kind, lncluding the
structural elements which may be necessary to blnd
or consolidate them.
Particular mention should be made, as being an
essential aim of the invention, of the possibility of
building the walls of a dwelling or of a simple
construction without involving skilled labour, or
.
building workers, it being sufficient for the purpose
to have two ordinary persons, of either sex, from the
family unit for whom the dwelling is intended, and the
materials and techniques compatible with the artisan
nature of the building operation.
For the purpose, the fit-in block in accordance
with the present invention, and its alternatives deri-
ved from the principal type of block, for the purposes
~of the adaptation of the block to the position it will
occupy within the construction of which it forms part,
are intended to cover all the possibilities of applica-
tion which occur in the erection of simple buildings,
in particular of the economic type, with the granting
to the blocks of a module nature suitable for the aim
intended and a range of shapes derived from the prin-
cipal block, allowing for foreseen or foreseeaOle
possibilities~
Accordingly, the aim sought wi~h the blocks
according to the invention is:-
a) to reduce the weight of the blocks to the mini-
mum, to permit handling by anyone not used or physically
prepared to handle substantial weights;
b) to supply fitting-in parts on the four faces
of the joint, but in such a manner that, on the juxta-
position of the blocks the latter fit in together with
the greatest of ease and do not involve recourse t;o
special techniques or movements.
2'~73
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c) to provlde a form of fitting-in and binding
such as to eliminate laying with mortar, and to make
it possible to use a system of fixing by means of
inexpensive glues, with a resin base, this possessing
valuable qualities from the point of view of both
mechanical resistance and, should this be necessary,
waterproofing, with the advantage of permitting ~itting-
in withou~ jeopardizing the accuracy of juxtaposition
of two contacting joint surfaces, ensuring dimensional
accuracy and perfect execution of the wall; further-
more, the precision of the system of fitting-in on
four sides permits, whenever appropriate (and this
constitutes a valuable feature of the present invention),
laying in the dry state without appreciable prejudice
to the stability and strength of the assembly, with
its economic consequences, and e~-en greater facility
and speed of assembly;
d) to make possible the creation of any supportinz
structures required, constituted by pillars and beam~
actually integrated in the wall itself, b~ means of
the placing of reinforcements in recesses present in
all the blocks, or in special blocks, subsequently
concreted, always with small amounts of concrete,
easily obtained by artisan methods;
e) to make it possible for ducting (water, drainage,
electricity) to be incorporated, vertically, in the
holes of the blocks and, horizontally, in special
1~27~
-- 4 --
trough or H-shaped blocks, or passing through normal
blocks in perforations easily made in them by means of
special drills available on the market.
The preferred form of embodiment of the block
according to the invention has the following basic
dimensions:-
length: 250 mm or 500 mm
width: 125 mm or 250 mm
height: 200 mm
The thickness of the walls of the block is generally
40 mm.
Although the present invention covers various types
of blocks which are-geometrically different and which are
represented on the attached drawings, the truth is that
such blocks are the outcome of modifications and func-
tional adjustments of a basic type of typical block
described in detail hereinunder.
~he above aim of the present invention is achieved,
from a broad aspect, by the provision of a fit-in block
for the construction of buildings characterized in that
it is formed by two vertical rectangular rims constitut-
ing respectively the front and rear faces of the block,
which are joined at the bottom by a transversal strip
situated at an adequate distance from the bottom edges
of the faces, so that a female fitting may be obtained
which is adaptable to the upper male fittings of the blocks.
The transversal strip has openings in a position coinciding
with cavities going through the blocks. The blocks are
~i ,
Z~73
- 4a -
intended to constitute formwork for beams or lintels with
pillars going through, or to form grooves or channels for
laying ducts or cables thereinto.
The present invention will be better understood on
the basis of the detailed description which follows with
reference to the attached drawings in which the Figures
may be specified as follows:-
Figure-l is a perspective of the typical block
according to the present invention having on one side a
male fitting part and on the opposite side a female
fitting part;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the block of Fig. 1
i
- 5 -
?i~ure j is 2 view from belo~ of the block in
Fig. l;
Figure 4 is a right-hanà side elevation of the
block;
Figure 5 is a left-hand side elevation of the
block;
Figure 6 is a perspective of an alternative of
the type of block according to the invention, having on
each side of the block female-type fittirgs;
Figure 6' is a plan view of the block sho~m in
Fig. 6;
Figure 7 is a perspective of an alternative block
according to the invention with male fittings on both
sides of the block;
Figure 7' is a plan view of the block shown in
Fi~ 7;
Figure 8 is a perspective of an alternative b:ock
with a female fitting on one side and a flat surface on
the opposite side, without any recess, said block being
thus intended to function as the end block of the first
cour~e when it is desired to define the side piece of
a willdow or door frame;
Figure 8' is a plan view o~ the blo^k shown in
Fig. 8;
Figure 9 is a perspective of a block identical with
that of Fig. 8, but having the outermost face flat,
constituting the face of a window or door frame side
piece, ending in recessed manner for fitting with the
7~3
-- 6 --
projecting end strip of the bo~tom block intended to
be used in the courses following the first one in the
side piece of a window or door fra~e;
~ igure 9' is a plan view of the block shown in
Fig. 9;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative
block sho~m in Fig. 8 but fitted with a male fitting
instead of the female fitting as in Fig. 8;
Figure 10' is a plan view of the block shown in
Fig. 10;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of an alternative
block shown in Fig. 9, having on one of the sides a
male fitting instead of a female one as in Fig. 9;
Figure 11' is a plan view of the block shown in
Fig. 11;
Figures 12 to 16 are perspective views of blocks with
fitting systems identical with those shown in the pre-
ceding figures but having only two outermost strips,
defining a si~gle hole;
Figures 12' to 16' are plan views of the correspond-
ing blocks shown in Figs. 12 to 16;
Figures 17 to 19 are perspective views of blocks
constituting alternatives of the blocks shown in Figs.
1, 10 and 11 respectively, in that a recess has been
made on the inner face of the block to supply a fitting
for a block mounted perpendicularly, said blocks being
thus intended to permit the intersection of walls with
dividing partitions;
2773
-- 7 --
Figures 17' to 19' are plan views of the ~locks
shown in Figs. 17 to 19 res?ectively;
Figures 20 and 20' are pe~spective and plan views
respectively to an alternative of the ty?es of block
shown in Figs. 18 and 19 but having recesses to provide
fittings on both sides of the block, the block being
intended to ensure the fitting of blocks ~r a parti~
tion with the blocks of a wall that is perpendicular to
it;
Figure 21 is a perspective view of a block for use
in the method of construction according to the present
invention in combination with the blocks shown in the
preceding figures intended to form a trough with holes
for passing tubing and electrical ducting through them,
called a H block;
Figure 22 is a perspective view of a block of the
same type as represented in Fig. 21, but without holes;
Figure 23 is a perspective view of a block of the
same type as shown in Figs. 21 or 22 but with the rear
face interrupted to provide a fitting permitting using
the block as a corner block a~ the level of the final
top course of the surrounding beam;
Figures 24 to 26 are perspective views of alterna-
tives of the blocks shown in Figs. 21 to 23~ the rear
face being of lesser height than the front face to
permit laying structural elements and p-e-fabricated
covering filling elements on the block;
773
~ igures ~7 and 27' are pers~ective and plan views
of a corner block to be used on all courses except the
last one;
Figure 28 is a plan view of the crDssing of blocks
of a dividing wall with a marginal wall;
Figures 29 and 29' are a perspective and an elevation
respectively of blocks intended to be used on the course
immediately above that of the blocks which make up the
lintels of window or door openings and only in the space
delimited by the lintel of the opening;
~ igure 30 is a diagra~matic plan view of a first
course of blocks mounted for the erection of a building;
Figure 31 is a diagrammatic plan view of a course at
the level of the lintels for an appreciation of the
manner in which the problem of o?enings is overcome;
Figure 32 is a diagrammatic plan view at the cover
level representing the reinfo~cement of the surrounding
beams;
Figure 33 is a diagram~atic perspective view showing
the laying of the first and second courses of blocks in
a construction;
~ igure 34 is a cross-section along line A-B of Fig.
30;
Figure 35 is a perspective view showing the method
of assembly of a prefabricated covering or flooring;
Figure 36 is a diagrammatic plan view showing the
manner of execution of various types of pillars;
~ ~Z~'73
g
Figure 37 is a sectional view of a T~ethod of e}ecution
of a beam or lintel;
Figure 38 shows a pers?ective view of a construction
representing how a lintel shoul~ be made to deal with a
window opening and the application of a block of the
type shown in Figs. 29 and 29';
Figure 39 shows a diagram~atic perspective view of
the mounting of water distributiO~ ducts;
Figure 40 is a diagram~atic view of the setting up
of an electric lighting installation.
In Figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings 2 representation is
given, in various views, of the typical block according
to the present invention, and it may be considered that
all the others are alternat-ves derived ~rom this typi-
cal block intended t~ meet the various constructional
demands felt during the stages of construction of the
various p~rts of a building.
As may be seen in these ~rawings, and to facilitate
the description, the block ~.ay be regarded as being
formed of a visible rectan~ular face or fascia 1 and
of a rear face 1~ which is also rectangular, said faces
being joined together by strips 2 ~hich define, to-
gether with faces ~, 1', through rectangular
cavities 2'.
In this method of embodi~ent of the block according
to the invention, the stri?s 2 are three in nu~ber,
thus defining two throug~ cavities or holes 2'.
l~ ~Z7~3
-- 10 --
The three strips 2 which connect faces 1, 1' together
protrude jointly with the portions of wall which join
them, on the upper part of the block so as to form an
upper male fitting, being obviously drawn back by an
equal distance in relation to the bottom ridges of
faces 1, 1~ to provide them at the bottom with the
corresponding female fitting and thus permit the
mounting of the block upon an identical block below it.
It is therefore obvious that the height of each
`strip 2 and of the walls that join them will be exactly
equal to the height of each face 1, 1'. ~ith this
arrangement there is provided for each block according
to the invention a bottom female fitting and a top male
fitting, ~o facilitate the entry of these fittings,
the p3rtions of the side surface~ 3 of the skri~s ~
ioh pro~ect f~o~ th~ visible an~ rear faces 1, 1' Pre
inwsrdly incline~, the inner surfaces 4 of the vlslble or
fascia and rear faces 1, 1~ being adapted to the pro
jecting parts of the strips of the un~erneath block, for
which purpose they have a corresponding slant, as will
be ~een better in ~igures 4 and 5.
With this arrangement there is obtained at the top
and bottom a perfect simultaneous fitting of the block~
to a high degree of precision and with great ease of
assembly, making this immediately accessible to
unskilled persons without specialist knowledge.
Still according to the invention and along a
~Z7~3
-- 11 --
hori ontll di~e~tion the in~erl~ di~ i? ~ ~Jill be
t~ener~ positioncd a~ an l~u l di ~ c from the
si~e en~s Or the faces 1, 1', but with -tne aim o~ pro-
viding fittin,,s, along a horizontal direction, with
the laterally adjacent blocks, one of ~he strips 2, gener-
ally on the left-hand side of the block, facing the
latter by means of face 1, or visible face, will pro-
ject from the vertical left side edges of these faces
by means of inGline~ surfaces 3' to provide a male
fit~ing ~ith the female one of the blocl of the course
~hich is being followed along the left-hand side.
Correspondingly, the outermost strip on ~he right-hand
side of the block is placed in a drawn back position
relative to the strai~ht ver~;icc~ ;i3 ;? edges of faces
1, 1` to supply on this side of the block a female
fit~ing, provision bein~ made for correspondingly lnclined
surfaces 4' on the inner sides of faces 1, 1' which
pro3ect beyond said outermost strip to provide suitable
entry and adjustment ~rith the m~le fitting o~ the conti-
guous block on the right-hand side of the course. With
this arrangement there i9 also achieved~ in a ho~izontal
direction, a fitting on both sides o~ the block ~ith
the contiguous blocks of the course, with the greate~t
accuracy, supplying to the inclined surfaces 3' and 4'
easy fittings of high precision. On the upper parts
of the strips ch~nnels 6 are provided ~hich permit,
when a hori~ontal course of blocks has been laid, the
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housin~ or ducts or electric cables which are perfectly
positioned without affecting or jeopardizing the laying
of the blocks of the upper horizontal course, or
interfering with their fi-tting~
On the visible or fascia side 1, on two contiguous
sides of the face, a recess 5 is provided which permits
constituting after assembly a ~rille of pleasant appear-
ance on the visible face and which will,provide better
keying for a subsequent coating on this facing, should
ït be desired.
~ ith the block described and according to the
present invention there is therefore obtained a perfect
fitting on the fo~r faces of the block, that is to say,
upper fitting and bottom fitting in a vertical direction,
and fitting on both sides in a hori~ontal direction;
this, in addition to imparting exceptional rigidity to
the construction carried out, permits accuracy and ease
of assembly whioh places it ~ompletely within the reach
of non-specialists In addition to this, it should b~
noted furthermore that with the arrangements described
a block is obtained, the considerable lightness of
which is obtained without jeopardix.ing strength and
rigidity, this making its handling quite easy for
persons not used to physical wo~k
~ he through holes 2' will generally ha~ their
inner walls slightly divergent towards the lower part
of the block as may be seen in Fig. 3, with a view to
73
_ 13 --
facilita-tin~ the withdrawing of the block from the mould
on coming out of the block-making machine.
In ~igs. 6 to 11 of the attached drawings in which
similar parts are represented by the same reference
figures, a representation is given of alternatives
according to the invention of the basic block represented
in Figs. 1 to 5 which contain modifications intended to
adapt the blocks to the various situations arising
during the erection of a building, particularly for
living in, identical parts being denoted by the same
reference numbers.
Thus, Figs. 6 and 6' show a block which, instead
of having a male fitting and a female one, both laterally
provided, contains two lateral female fittings.
Figures 7 and 7' show another alternative in which
the block, contrary to the representation in Figures 6
and 6', has two male fittings laterally.
Figures 8 and 8~ show another alternati~e of t~e
block in which the block has on one side a female
fitting and on the other, not ~isible in Fig. 8, a
flat face without bottom recess, this block being
intended to act as an end block for a door or window
opening on the first horiæontal course o~ blocks.
Figures 9 and 9~ show an alternative block intended
to start courses above the first one, acting as an end
block for a window or door opening. For this purpose,
the block has on one side a female fitting as described
~1~27'73
-- 14 --
herei~-l\-ove or, alternatlvely, as shown in ~igs. 11 and
11', ~ inale fitting identical with the foregoing and,
on the opposite side, a flat face 7 ~hich has at the
bottom ~ recess 7' for engagement in the projecting
strips of the bottom blocks. ~he flat face will
const-lute the lintel of a window or door opening of
which the block is the end block.
Figure~ 10 and 10' also show a lintel block being
an alternative of the block of Fig. 8 having on one
side ~ male fitting instead of a female one, and
intended therefore also to start an opening on the
first course of blocks, the flat face 7 being for this
purpose without a recess.
~ igures 11 and 11' further represent a lintel
bloc~ constituting further another alternative of the
block represented in Fig. 8, intended also to start
an oper.ing, but on the following cources, for which
purpose it is provided at the bottom with a female
fitting 7' to permit the superimposition Qn the upper
male fi+tings of the blocks situated below, but still
having laterally a male fitting instead of a female one
as i~ ~igs. 9, 9'. In this way, the creation of a
door or w~ndow opening is extremely easyt the first
cour~se ~elng started with a block such as represented
in ~ig9~ 8 and 8' tor 10 and 10') which will rest
directl~ on the mortar bed of the wall foundation
and, a~ove, along the vertical course o~ this block,
blocks ~ill follow which already possess the bottom
1~2773
-- 15 --
f;~l~le fitting 7~ of tile types represented in Figs.
9, 3' (~ith side female fitting) or in ~igs. 11, 11'
(wi~h side Male Iitting).
To permit the necessary size adjustments to
the dimensions on the plan of the building to be
erected and to permit of greater flexibility, that is
to say, so that it shall not be imperative that the
lengths of wall to be constructed should compulsorily
be substantially multiples of the working length of
the types of blocks describe~ so far, provision is
made, according to the present invention, for types
of blocks with one hole only, which differ basically
fro~ those described hereinbefore in having approxi~
~ately half the length and one hole only, yet re-
taining the same types of fittings and the respectlve
combinations on the four non-visible and fitting
sides of the block.
'~hus, in Figures 12 and 12' a block according
to the invention is sho~n with a single hole having
on one side a male fitting and on the other side a
female fitting. This block constitutes the general
stc~ldard block with a single hole and may be regarded
as being derived from the block shown in Fig. 1 and
des ribed hereina~ove, in the reduction of its
le~gth to half and thus having a single hole 2'.
The block shown in Figs. 13, 13' constitute~
2~773
I t,
the e~l hlock ~hic~ wJi~ e lln~c! of a windot~
or do~ i!eI~ 011 t~le I`ir~t ~ourse laid on -the wall
Joun(t~tLen, but ~JaViIlg a si!;gle hole and therefore
e~i~e(l ~'rom -the block reprcsent~d in Figs. 8 and 8',
th o~ h the reduction to h~llf the length of same.
'l`he blocks shown in ~'igs. 14, 14'; 15, 15' and
16, 1~' in accordance with the invention derive, as is
obv-iolls, from the blocks represented respectively in
~ s 9, 9'; 10, 10' and 11, 11~, for which reason
a detalled description is considered to be unnecessary.
i. description having been given of the types of
bl~cls w}lich permit the construction of the walls in
tileir decorative parts, there remain to be considered
t~ pes of blocks which, accordilig to the present
inv ntion, permit joining walls at right angles, or
in-le~secting or crossing walls (in the case of
d~ iclng walls). ~he various types of blocks intended
b2~-eic~lly for this purpose according to the invention
~e represented in ~ig5. 17 to 20 and 28.
'l`nus, in ~'igs. 17, 1~ C~ represeiltation iS
~i~en of a block which may be re~arded as derived from
the basic block of the present invention, shown in
Fi~. 1 .~ld in which provision is made on the inner
f~ce sf the block 1', in line with one of the holes Z',
fo- ~-l recess 8 which ends laterally in two lnclined
f~ce~ 4' intended to engage onto faces 3' of the
.L~ ''ltting of the block mounted perpendicularly to
. .
~1~2~73
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it, to start the perpendicular dividirlg wall.
Fi~ting 8 is thus completely i~cntical with the
lateral female fittings already described constituted
laterally by the inclined surfaces 4'. In the same way
as the block represented in ~ig. 1 it has fittings on
its four sides as is evident frorn the figures.
In ~igures 18, 18' the block shown differs from
the foregoing in that it has the flat face 7 and does
not have a bottom fitting. This block will therefore be
intended to permit the insertion of a dividing wall
ne.;t to the lintel of a window or door opening and
has no bottom female fitting to be inserted on the
first course resting on the foundation of the wall.
The following blocks mounted on the vertical course
on blocks of this type are represented in Figures
19, 19' and for this purpose they are provided at the
bottom with a female fitting 7'~ Obviously these
types of block may be left-hande~ or rigilt-hande~ depending
on the side of the bottom face 1~ on which there are
found the recess 8 and the surface 4' which form the
female fitting.
~ lhen it is desired to continue with the construction
of the dividing wall on the opposite side of the wall
towards which it converges (crossing of walls) use is
made, according to the invention, of the block repre-
sented in ~igures 20, 20', a detalled description of
which is dispensed with in the light of that which has
Z~73
_ 13 -
previously been described in ccmlt-ction with these
figures, or as is represented in ~ig. '3 when it is
desired to effect the joining of the dividing wall with
an outer wall.
Figures 21 and 22 show, according to the present
invention, channel or H type blocks ~ith and without
holes, respectively. ~hese blocks, as will be seen
on tlle figures, have at the bottom a female fitting
which is entirely identical with those of the blocks
previously described and intended in principle to
constitute the top end course of a wall, being thus
mounted on the male fittings of the blocks of the
adjacent bottom course.
~ ecause of their shape they allow the formation of
channels to act as formwork for the concreting of
lintels or beams, the reinforcements being obviously
placed inside the channel as may be seen in Figure 37.
In the event of provision being made for the intersec-
tion or the passing through of a pillar it is possible,
according to the inventionl to use an H block with holes
(Fig. 21), or for the construction of a lintel or
binding beam, the block without holes of Fig. 22.
Figures 2~ and 24 show corner blocks according to
the inverltion intended to be applied on the last upper
course following the H-type blocks described above,
~ hese types of blocks may be regarded as derived
from the H-type blocks referred to, in which part of
Z~^~73
-- 19 --
the inner face 1' ~about half) is absent, thus per-
mitting the insertion as desired of a corner pillar.
The block will obviously have two visible faces 1 and
1 ", perpendicular to and on the side of face 1'
(inner side) starting from the cavity created by the
interruption of the face 1' there will begin the course
of perpendicular blocks which will form part of the
perpendicular wall.
The blocks of Figures 24, 25 and 26 derive9 in
accordance with the invention, from those represented
in Figures 21, 22 and 23 and possess the feature that
the inner face 1' is recessed relative to the visible
face 1 so as to permit the laying of small beams of a
prefabricated covering, for example, as is evident
from Fig. 35.
All the remaining features of these blocks from
Figures 21 to 26 ~rill be obvious in the light of the
foregoing descriptions and the figures, all of them
having, even at the bottom, the female fitting identical
with that of the blocks described hereinabove~
Figures 27 and 27' show a perspective and plan
view, respectively, of the type of block to be used
according to the invention in the corners of the cons-
truction on all the courses, excluding the last upper
course which, generally, as already stated, will con-
tain the surrowlding beam further ~o -the utilisation
of the H~blocks of Figures 21 to 26. This block
Z~73
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differs from the block sho~m in l~igs. 18 and 18' in
that, instead of a male fitting, it has a smooth face
next to the female fitting $t, 8, 4' for the block
which will start the perpendicular course. On the
opposite side, provision is made, on the type shown
in ~igs. 27, 27', for a female fitting. It is obvious
that it will be possible to provide a male fitting
instead of a female one, and provide also for the
position of the side fitting 4', 8, 4' for the blocks
starting the perpendicular courses to be on the side
opposite that shown on the figure for application in
the corners of the opposite side of the construction.
Thus, in this case as in the other types
of blocks already described, it will be possible to
speak of "left-handed" and "right-han e_ blocks, possibi-
lities which are obviously considered to be covered by
the scope of the present invention, but which were not
described so as not to len~then the ~scription un-
necessarily, as they are obvious to the specialist.
4~ sl~ow a cros~ groove.
Figure 28 shows an~ther type of block in
accordance with the present invention which constitutes
an alternative construction of a dividing wall. ~hi~
block may be regarded as derived from the one which
W2S described above with reference to I'igs. 20, 20'
through the substitution of the male fitting on one of
the sides by a smooth face.
Finally, in Figures 29, 29' a type of block
1~ 773
is represen~e~ which is identic.-ll with the block of
general type sho~m in ~`ig.l but l/hicrlllas, as an alter-
native, a male fitting on the bottom face, instead of a
female fitting as provided in Fig. 1. r~his type of
block is intended to be mounted on the H-blocks shown
in ~igs.21 and 22, provided these are used in the cons-
truction of beams or lintels for door or window opening~
as is shown in detail in Fig. 38.
As may be seen in this figure the lintel which
caters for the window opening is formed, according to the
invention, of four H-shaped blocks which constitute the
formwork for placing reinforcements and concreting. To
effect fitting and accuracy of assembly in suitable manner,
as the H-blocks obviously lack the up?er male fitting
which the blocks according to the invention generally
have, provision is therefore made for the assembly of
the blocks of ~igures 29, 29' with the respective bottom
male fitting. As may be seen in ~ig. 38, to carry out the
lintel, use was made of four H-blocks, with four blocks
of the type of ~igs. 29, 29' being laid at the top.
~ he remaining blocks of this course will be of the
types already described and suited to the respective
?Sition,
On the basis of the description hereinabove of the
various types of blocks according to the present inven-
tion it will be easy to deduce immediately the manner
in which they are applied, implementing the method of
~Z773
` - 22 -
construction according to the invention.
In Fig. 30 of the attached drawings a diagram is
sho~m of the first course of blocks of a simple rectan-
gular construction with some partitions.
Fig. 31 shows a diagram of æ course at the level of
the lintels, with the representation of the bar reinfor-
cements which will form part of the lintels. For the
construction of these lintels use may be made of the
type of H-block represented in Figs. 21 or 22, placing
in the channel thus formed the prefabricated reinforcements
of the bodies of the lintels.
Fig. 32 shows in plan view the course of blocks at
the level of the covering, the course being made up of
blocks of the types represented in ~igq. 21 to 26, to
correspond to the alternati~es imposed by the type of
construction. In any event, the chief ob~ectivo in any
alternative is, in this course, to for~ a channel for
plP^ing the reinforoements and concreting of the
surrounding beam.
For example, an interesting alternative is that re-
presented in detail in Fig. 35 in ~Jhich, for the last
cou~se, use was made of blocks of the types represented
in Figures 24, 25 or 26, i.e. blocks in which the lnner
face 1l is of smaller height than the visible face 1.
This arrangement, according to -the present inventi~n,
permits not only forming the channel for concreting the
surrounding beam, but also, as a consequence of tha
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lesser height of the inner face, supplying a support for
the small beams of a prefabricated cover, for example, as
represented in detail in said Fi~ure 35.
In Figure 33 a detail is shown in perspective of
the first two courses at a corner of a building, with a
diagrammatic representation of the method of assembly of
the blocks. As may be seen in the figure, advantage is
taken of the cavity supplied by the corner blocks re-
presented in Figs. 27, 27' to mount the reinforcements
of a corner pillar.
~ igure 34 represents a cross-section along line A-B
of Fig. 33, showing how the blocks of the first and
second course are laid, and how a building i5 started
according to the method of the invention.
Generally, it will be necessary to start by le~elling
the building ground, open up and fill in trenches and
ensure in them a strictly level surface so that the
laying of the blocks may be made with the greatest
precision and conformity to the ~ertical, by 8imple
fitting together.
If the earth paving has already been carried out,
the pattern of the walls to be raised, or at least their
axis, will have to be drawn on it.
Along this outline the mortar is placed as the
blocks of the first course are laid, as this mortar is
the binder of the first course to its foundation, being
contained inside the block. ~his first course of blockq
~l~Z7~3
-- 24 -
will furthermore be embedded in the floor when the concrete
surfacing (0.05 m) is laid, as may be seen in Fig. 34.
If it is necessary to create vertical supports or
pillars of reinforced concrete, the reinforcements must
be from the start integrated in the footings, though
there is no need to lay them at once all over the area
so as not to make the placing of the blocks difficult.
~ he reinforcing rods may thus be mounted subsequent-
ly with the superimposition of the ~ars re~uired.
The compacting of the concrete poured into the
holes of the blocks to construct pillars may be carried
out, for example, by vibration of the reinforcements.
~ igs. 36 and 37 show some forms, without a limita-
tive character, of provision of formwork for beamq and
pillars to carry out the relevant concreting. The ver-
satility permitted by the design of the building block~
according to th~ invention, makes lt possible to find
innumerable combinations within the reach of the person
who carries out the building, without baing a tachnlcian~
in the easy achievement of this type of resistant ele-
ments, for which reason the solutions sho~l in ~igs.
36 and 37 are merely examples.
Fig. 39 shows a diagrammatic view in perspecti~e
view of the possibilities and facilities which the blocks
according to the invention afford for the mounting of
internal water distribution networks. The alternative
shown has no limitative character of any kind, as
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,
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innumerable alternatives are possible, and suggest them-
selves to the specialists.
In the case represented in ~ig. 39 use is made of
the H-blocks, constituting the surrounding beam, as
described hereinbefore, for the embedding of the hori-
zontal branches of the supply and distribution ductR to
and from a store of drinking water, for example in a
dwelling. The coinciding vertical holes of the mounted
blocks may be used, as represented, for the laying of
the vertical branches of the ducting, and in the
room provided for the installation, for example, of a
meter, it may be provided to fit an H-type block repres-
ented in Figs. 21 and 22 which will supply the box
required to house it. It is possible to draw the same
conclusions with regard to Fig. 40 which represents a
manner of mounting an electrical installation making
use of the channels 6 provided on the upper faces ~f
the strips 2 of the blocks as described hereinbefore.
The blocks in accordance with the invention will
be generally made of concrete or cement mortar and sand,
though it is possible to use other mouldable materials
permitting easy machine-production.
Indeed, and as was already indicated earlier, the
blocks according to the present invention exhibit
noteworthy finishing features which, considered in
association with the system of fittings on the four
faces of assembly of the block, supply very considerable
~142773
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ease of assembly and rapidity of laying which further
permit solving the problem of rapid and perfect execu-
tion of filling walls of reduced strength in cantilever
structures.
With the blocks and constructional methods accord-
ing to the invention there is therefore ensured speed
and ease of construction which makes building access-
ible to the non-specialist (build it yourself), with
savings of labour not achieved hitherto, and it must
be stressed that the system of fitting and the accuracy
of finish which the design of the blocks ensure, permit,
as already mentioned herei.nbefore, both the laying in
the dry state without jeopardizing the accuracy of
assembly, and the use of glues instead of mortar, all
of which leads to substantial savings and obvious
ease of application.
The blocks according to the invention may be
moulded in the most diverse materials generally used
in civil engineering for this type of element~. .
A preferred material will be concrete with a
grain si7e for the inert materials and cement content
suitable for moulding this type of building elements
with machines.
