Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
ii43Z40
~G~
ABRASIVE--CONTAINING LIQUID l~ETERGENT COMPOSITION
Sharon Janosik Mitchell
Jonathan Spinner
Background
The invention relates to liquid detergent compositions
containing specified amounts and types of insoluble
abrasives which are especially useful in the washing of
dishes. The compositions also contain high-sudsing
surfactants and detergency builders which complement
the action of the abrasive.
The use of abxasives in pQwdexed scouring cleansers
is well known. Scouring cleansers generally contain a
relatively high level of abrasive. When used in the
dishwashing process such products provide abrading
power to make the removal of coo];cd, burnt or dried-on
foods on kitchenware easier and more convenient. More
recently, liquid scouring cleansers containing water-
insoluble abrasives have become available~ Such liquid
compositions are disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,149,078;
20 3,210,285; 3,210,286; 3,214,380; 3,579,456; 3,623,990;
3,677,954; 3,813,349 and 3,966,432. The use of scouring
Cleansers, however, is normally in addition to a specific
A dishwashing product~one product being required for
removal of non-sticking soils, especially fats and
oils, and a second product being required for scouring
purposes.
It is an object of the present invention to provide
liquid dish~ash~ng compositions containing a high-
sudsing surfactant, a detergenc;y builder and an abrasive~,
the combination being highly effective in removing food
soils from kitchenware when used undiluted or in the
form of a relatively concentrated water solution, but
which is acceptable for hand dishwashing in the dilute
water solutions typically used with liquid dish~ashing
products.
'
1143240
Summary of the Invention
me present invention pr~vides a dishwashing liquid detergent
composition containing by weight
a) from about 15% to about 50% of a high sudsing
surfactant selected from the group consistinq
of anionic and nonionic
surfactants and mixtures thereof
b) from about 3~ to about 20% of a detergency
b~ilder selected from the group consisting of
water-soluble polyphosphates, water-soluble -
organic carboxylates; water-soluble phosphonates;
alkali metal silicates; alkali metal carbonates;
water-insoluble.crystalline aluminosilicate
ion exchange material of the formula:
Naz[(Alo2)z-~sio2)y~-xH2o
wherein z and y are at least 6, the molar
ratio of z to.y is from 1.0 to 0.5 and Y i5 - -
from 10 to 264, said material having a particle
size diameter of from about 0.1 micron to
about 10 microns, a calcium ion exchange . ..
capacity of at least about 200 my. CaCO3
eq./gram and a calcium ion exchange rate o~
at least about 2 grains Ca~ /gallon/minute/
gram; water-insoluble amorphous hydrated
aluminosilicate material of the empirical
formula: -
2 ( 2.ySiO2)
wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium, or
substituted ammonium, z is from about 0.5 to
about 2, y is 1 and said material having a
particle size diameter of less than 100
microns, a magnesium ion exchange capacity of
at least about 50 milligrams equivalent of
CaCO3 hardness per gram of anhydrous aluminosili-
~ 35 cate and a Mg exchange rate of at least
about 1 grain/gallon/minute/gram/gallon; and
mixtures thereof.
~43241~
-- 3 --
c) from about 3~ to about 20~ of a water-in-
soluble abrasive having a particle diameter
of from about 1 to about 150 microns and a
hardness on the Mohs scale of from about 2 to
about 7; and
d) the balance water;
' said compo'si.tions pro~iding an initial suds cover to adishwashing solution and a suds cover àfter the washing
f 8 plates when used at a concentration of 0.07~ in 2
gallons of 115P. water containing 7 grains/gallon
water hardness measurea.as CaC03, each plate carrying
4 0 ml of a'triglyceride containing soil.
Det'a'il'ed''Des'crip'tion of.the Invention
The detergent compositions of the present invention
contain four essential components
a) a high sudsing surfactant
b) a detergency builder
c) a water-insoluble abrasive
d) water.
Optional ingredients can be added to provide various
performance and aesthetic characteristics.
Surfactant
The compositions of this invention contain from
about 15~ to about 50% of a surfactant selected from
the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, ampholytic,
zwitterionic surface active agents and mixtures thereof.
Preferred compositions contain from about 25~ to about
35% of surfactant by weight of the composition.
Especially preferred are anionic surfactants and
i 30 mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants.
~lany anionic detergents can be broadly described
: as the water-soluble salts, particularly tne alkali
metal, ammonium and amine salts, of organic sulfuric
reaction products having in their molecular structure
an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon
atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of
,
~:14324(:~
-- 4 --
sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals. Included
in the term alkyl is the alkyl portion of high acyl
radicals. Examples of the anionic synthetic detergents
which can form the surfactant component of the compositions
of the present invention are the sodium or potassium
alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating
the higher alcohols (C8-C18 carbon atoms) produced by
reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil;
sodium or potassium alkyl benzene or toluene suifonates,
in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about-
15 carbon atoms, (the alkyl radical can be a straight
or branched aliphatic chain); sodium or potassium
paraffin sulfonates and olefin sulfonates in which the
alkyl or alkenyl group contains from about lO to about
- 15 20 carbon atoms; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, -
especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived
from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty
acid mono~lyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium or
potas~ium salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether
sulfates with about 1 to about 30 units of ethylene
oxide per molecule and in which the alkyl radicals
contain from 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; the reaction
products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid
and neutralized with sodium hydroxide where, for example,
the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil; sodium or
potassium salts of fatty acid amides of a methyl tauride
in which the fatty acids, for example, are derived from
coconut oil and sodium or potassium ~-acetoxy- or ~-
acetamido-alkanesulfonates where the alkane has from 8
to 22 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of alkyl sulfate salts which can
be employed in the instant detergent compositions
include sodium lauryl alkyl sulfate, sodium stearyl
alkyl sulfate, sodium palmityl alkyl sulfate, sodium
decyl sulfate, sodium myristyl alkyl sulfate, potassium
lauryl alkyl sulfate, potassium stearyl alkyl sulfate,
pOtassium decyl sulfate, potassium palmityl alkyl
~143Z40
- - sulfate, potassium myristyl alkyl sulfate, sodium
~odecyl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate, potassium
tallow alkyl sulfate, sodium tallow alkyl sulfate,
sodium coconut alkyl sulfate,~potassium coconut alkyl
sulfate and mixtures of these surfactants. Highly
~referred alXyl sulfates are sodium coconut alkyl
sulfate, potassium coconut alkyl sulfate, potassium
lauryl alkyl sulfate and sodium lauryl alkyl sulfate.
Suitable alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonates
include the alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium)
and alkanolamine salts of straight-or branched-chain
alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonic acids. Alkyl-
benzene sulfonic acids useful as precursors for these
surfactants include decyl benzene sulfonic acid, undecyl
benzene sulfonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid,
tridecyl benzene sulfonic acid, tetrapropylene benzène
sulfonic acid. Preferred sulfonic acids as precursors
of the alkyl-benzene sulfonates useful for
compositions herein are those in which the alkyl chain
is linear and averages about 12 carbon atoms in length.
Examples of commercially available alkyl benzene
sulfonic acids useful in the present invention include
"Cbnoco SA 515"* and "Conooo SA 597"** marketed by the Continental Oil
Cbmpany and " ~ soft LAS 99"*** marketed b~ the Pilot Chemical
Company.
Particularly preferred anionic surfactants useful
herein are alkyl ether sulfates having the formula
RO(C2H4O)xSO3M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about
10 to about 20 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 30, and M is a
water-soluble cation. The alkyl ether sulfates useful
in the present invention are condensation products of
ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols having about 10
to about 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, R has 12 to 18
carton atoms. The alcohols can be derived from natural
fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic.
Such alcohols are reacted with 1 to 30, and especially
* Trademark
** Trademæk
*** Trademark
.. .. ... . .
~ . ~ . .
1143%4~
1 to 12, molar proportions of'ethyIene oxide and'the re- '
sul~ing mixture of molecular species is sulfated and neutralized.
Specific examples of alkyl ether sulfates of the
present invention are sodium coconut alkyl triethylene
glycol ether sulfate, lithium tallow alkyl triethylene
glycol ether sulate, and sodium tallow alkyl hexaoxy-
ethylene sulfate. Preferred alkyl ether sulfates are
those comprising a mixture of individual compounds,
said mixture having an average alkyl chain length of
from about 12 to 16 carbon atoms and an average degree -
of ethoxylation oi from about 1 to 12 moles of ethylene
oxide.
Additional examples of anionic surfactants useful
herein are the compounds which contain two anionic
functional groups. These are referred to as di-anionic
surfactants. Suitable dianionic surfactants are the
disulfonates, disulfates, or mixtures thereof which may
be represented by the following formula:
3 2 2'R(So4)2M2rR(so3)(so4)M
where ~ is an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbyl group
having 15 to ~0 carbon atoms and M is a water-solubilizing
cation, for example, the C15 to C20 disodium 1,2-
alkyldisulfates, C15 to C20 dipotassium-1,2-alkyl-
disulfonates or disulfates, disodium 1,9-hexadecyl
25 disulfates, C15 to C20 disodium 1,2-alkyldisulfonates,
disodium l,9-stearyldisulfates and 6,10-octadecyldisulfates.
Nonionic surface active agents operable in the
instant compositions can be any of three basic types --
the alkylene oxide condensates, the amides and the
semi-polar nonionics.
I'he alkylene oxide condensates are broadly defined
as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene
oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic
hYdrPhbic compound, which can be aliphatic or alk~l
aromatic in nature. The length oE the hydrophilic or
polyoxyalkylene radical which is condensed with any
. .
1143;:4~
particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to
yield a water-soluble compound having the desired
- degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic
elements.
- Examples of such alkylene oxide condensates include:
(1) The condensation products of aliphatic alcohols
with ethylene oxide. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic
alcohol can either be straight or branched and generally
contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. Examples
of such ethoxylated alcohols include the condensation
product of about 6 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole
of tridecanol, myristyl alcohol condensed with about
10 moles of ethylene oxide peX mole o~ myristyl alcohol,
the condensation product of ethylene oxide with coconut
fatty alcohol wherein the coconut alcohol is a mixture
of fatty alcohols with alkyl chains varying from 10 to 14
carbon atoms a~d wherein the -onden~ate contains about
6 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and the
condensation product of about 9 moles of ethylene oxide
with the above-described coconut alcohol. An example
of a commercially available nonionic surfactant of this
type includes"Neodol 23-6.5"marketed by the Shell
Chemical Company.
(2) The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl
phenols. These compounds include the condensation products
of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from
about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or
branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the
~aid ethylene oxide being present in amounts equal to 5
to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
The alkyl substituent in such compounds can be derived,
for example, from polymerized propylene, diisobutylene,
octene, or nonene. Examples of compounds of this type
include nonyl phenol condensed with about 9.5 moles of
ethylene oxide per ~ole of nonyl phenol, dodecyl phenol
condensed with about 12 moles of ethylene oxide per
* Tra~ark
11432~0
-- mole of phenol, dinonyl phenol condensed with about 15
moles of ethylene oxide per mole of phenol, di-isooctyl-
phenol condensed with about 15 moles of ethylene oxide
per mole of phenol. Commercially available nonionic
surfactants of this type inclùda Igepal C0-610 ~arketed
; by the GAF Corporation; and"Trito~'~-45, X-114, X-100
and X-102, all marketed by the Rohm and Haas Company.
(3) The condensation products of ethylene oxide
with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of
propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The hydrophobic
port~on of these compounds has a molecular weight of
from about 1500 to 1800 and of course exhibits water
insolubility. The addition of polyoxyethylene moieties
to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the
water-solubility of the molecule as a whole, and the
liquid character of the produc~ is retained up to the
point where the polyoxyethylene content is about 50~ of
the total weight of the condensation product. Examples
of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially
available"Pluronic"3surfactants marketed by the Wyandotte
Chemicals Corporation.
(4) The condensation products of ethylene oxide
with the product resulting form the reaction of propylene
oxide and ethylene diamine. The hydrophobic base of these
products consists of the reaction product of ethylene di-
amine and excess propylene oxide, said base having a
molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 3000. This
base is condensed with ethylene oxide to the extent that
the condensation product contains fro~ about 40% to
about 80~ by weight of polyoxyethylene and has a molecular
weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000. Examples
of this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of
the commercially available"Tetronic"~ompounds marketed
by the Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation.
Examples of the amide type of nonionic surface
active agent include the ammonia, monoethanol and
diethanol amides of fatty acids having an acyl moiety
of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms. These acyl
1 Trademark
2 Trademark
3 Trademark
4 Trademark
11~3;244;~
moieties are normally derived from naturally occurring
glycerides, e.g., coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil
and tallow, but can be derived synthetically, e~g., by
the oxidation of petroleum, or by hydrogenation of
carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process.
Examples of the semi-polar type of nonionic surface
active agents are the amine oxides, phosphine oxides
and sulfoxides. These materials are described more
fully in Berry, U.S. Patent 3,819,528, issued June 25,
1974, - Particularly
preferred are amine oxides of the ~ormula:
R2
1..
Rl - N--~O
R3
wherein Rl is a C10 18 alkyl and ~2 and R3 are methyl
or ethyl.
Ampholytic synthetic detergents can be broadly
described as derivatives of aliphatic amines which
contain a long chain of about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and
an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. carboxy,
sulfo or sulfato. Examples of compounds falling within
this definition are sodium 3-dodecylamino-propionate,
sodium-3-dodecylamino propane sulfonate, and dodecyl
dimethylammonium hexanoate.
Zwitterionic surface active agents operable in the
instant composition are broadly described as internally-
neutralized derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammoniumand phosphonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds in
which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or
branched, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents
contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains
an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy,
sulfo, sulfato, phosphato, or phosphono.
The level and type of surfactant used in the
compositions of this invention provide an initial suds
cover to a dishwashing solution and a suds cover after
_ ... . . ... .. . . . .. ... . .. .. ... . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . .
1~43Z4V
,,
--: 10 --
, ,
-_ the washing of 8 plates when used at a concentration of
~-~ 0.07~ in 2 gallons of 115F. watex containing 7 grains/
~ gallon water hardness measured as CaCO3, each plate carrying~ 4.0 ml of a triglyceride containing soil. Suds are genera-
~ - 5 ted by mechanical agitation and the suds cover and height
~-` measured. A-dinner plate carrying the soil is washed
- successively with the introduction of 4.0 ml of soil eac~
time. An essentially complete suds cover of the washing -
- solution is more important than suds height, but, prefera-
5~` 10 bly, the suds cover after the washing of 8 plates is at
-; least about 1/2 inch in height.
The required sudsing characteristic of the compositions
''~5 of the invention is that necessary to provide the user of
-~ the product with an indication of cleaning potential in a
dishwashing solution.- Soils encountered in dishwashing act
as suds depressants and the presence or absence of suds from
the surface of a~dishwashing solution is a convenient guide
to product usage. Mixtures of anionic surfactants and
nonionic surfactants, especially amides and amine oxide
nonionic surfactants, are particularly preferred in the
~A compositions of the inventi~on because of their high sudsing
~ characteristics, their suds stability in the presence of
~ food soils and their ability to indicate accurately an ade-
-- quate level of product usage in the presence of soil. A
preferred ratio of anionic surfactants to nonionic sur-
factants is from about 2:1 to about 10:1 by weight.
Cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium
compounds can find optional use in the practice of the
invention, particularly in compositions containing nonionic
surfactants.
ABRASIVE
The abrasive agent can be any of the water-insoluble
abrasive materials known in the art which have a particle
_ diameter of from about 1 to about 150, preferably from
,_ .
.... . .
114324~
.
-- 1 1 --
. . .
about 20 to about 100, microns and a hardness on the
Mohs scale of from about 2 to about 7. Included are
Y materials such as agate, mica, calcite, garnet, quartz,
-- kieselguhr, silica, marble, tripoli, flint, feldspar,
- 5- emery, pumice, alumina, perlite, expanded perlite,
volcanic ash, diatomaceous earth, bentonite,amorphous
_ silica from dehydrated silica gels, precipitated silica,
; plastics such as polystyrene and polyacrylates, and
natural and synthetic alumlnosilicates and mixtures
-
- 10 thereof. -
The amount of abxasive included in the compositions
is in the range of from about 3~ to about 20% of the
- total composition b~ weight. Pxeferred compositions
contain from about 5~ to about 10~ by weight of abrasive.
DETERGENCY BUILDER
The compositions of this invention contain from
`~ about 3% to about 20~, preferahly from about 5~ to
: about 15%, by weight of detergency builders either of
''?. the organic or inorganic types. Examples of water-
s 20 soluble inorganic builders which can be used, alone or
in admixture with themselves and organic alkaline
sequestrant builder salts, are alkali metal carbonates,
polyphosphates, and silicates. Specific examples of
~ such salts are sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate,
25 potassium carbonate, sodium pyrophosphate, potassium
pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, and sodium
hexametaphosphate. Examples of organic builder salts
which can be used alone, or in admixture with each
other or with the preceding inorganic alkaline builder
30 salts, are alkali metal polycarboxylates, e.g., water-
soluble citrates such as sodium and potassium citrate,
-- sodium and potassium tartrate, sodium and potassium
= ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium and potassium ~-(2-
hydroxyethyl)-ethylene diamine triacetates, sodium and
35 potassium nitrilo triacetates (NTA) and sodium and
potassium ~-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nitrilo diaceta~es. Other
organic builder salts include the alkali metal salts of
..~
- . _ _= _ ... . _ . . ..
11~324C)
phytic acid, e.g., sodium phytate (see U.S. Patent
2,739,942). Water-soluble salts of ethane-l-hydroxy-
- l,l-diphosphonate (EHDP~ are also suitable. Mixtures
- of any of the preceding water-soluble organic or
inorganic builder salts can bè used.
The compositions of this invention can contain
insoluble builder salts selected from certain zeolites
or aluminosilicates. One such aluminosilicate which is
useful in the compositions of the invention is water-
insoluble crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchangematerial of the formula:
Naz~AlO2)z (Sio2~y] XH2
wherein Z ~nd y are at least 6, the molar ratio of Z to
y is from 1.0 to 0.5 and x is from 10 to 264, said
material having a particle size diameter of from about
0.1 micron to about 10 microns, a calcium ion exchange
capacity of at least about 200 mg. CaCO3eq./gram and a
calcium ion exchange rate of at least about 2 grains
Ca /gallon/ minute/gram. This ion exchange builder is
more fully described in Gedge et al's French patent
2,237,839 published February 14, 1975,
A preferred aluminosilicate of this type
is Zeolite A.
A second water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion
exchange material useful herein is water-insoluble
amorphous hydrated aluminosilicate material of the
e~pirical formula:
Z(z 2 ySiO2)
wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium, or substituted
ammoniumi Z is from about 0.5 to about 2, y is 1 and said
material having a particle si7e diameter of less than 100
microns, a magnesium ion exchange capacity of at least about
50 milligrams equivalent of CaCO3 hardness per gram of
11432g~
anhydrous aluminosilicate and a Mg exchange rate of
at least about 1 grain/gallon/minute/gram/gallon; and ,
mixtures thereof. This ion exchange builder is more fully
described in Belgian patent 814,874 issued on November
12, 1974 to Corkill et al,
~ Water
The compositions of this invention contain
water, preferably in an amount of from about 40%
to about 79% by weight.
Optional Ingredients
Alcohols, such as ethyl alcohol, and hydrotropes,
such as sodium and potassium toluene sulfonate, sodium
and potassium xylene sulfonate, trisodium sl~lfosuccinate
and related compounds (as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,915,903,
of Rodney M. Wise, granted October 28, 1975 and urea, can be
utilized in the interests of achieving a desired
product phase stability and viscosity. Also useful
in the compositions of this invention are suspending
or thickening agents such as those disclosed in U.S.
Patent 3,393,153, of R. E. Zimmerer et al, issued July 16, 1968,
including colloidal silica having a mean particle
diameter ranging from about 0.01 micron to about 0.05
micron and particulate polymers such as polystyrene,
oxidized polystyrene having an acid number of from 20
to about 40, sulfonate polystyrene h~ving an acid
number of from about 10 to about 40, polyethylene having an
acid number of from about 5 to about 25; polypropylene,
oxidized polypropylene having an acid number of fro,m
about 10 to about 30 and sulfonated polypropylene
having an acid number of from about 5 to about 25, all
of said particulate polymers having mean particle
diameters ranging from about 0.01 micron to about 30
microns. Other examples of suspending and thickening
agents include copolymers of styrene with monomers such
as maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid
and lower alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, copolymers
.,
-`` 11~3~
- - 14 -
, ~ .
~ of styrene with methyl or ethyl acrylate, methyl or
-3
ethyl maleate, vinyl acetate, acrylic, maleic or fumaric
acids and mixtures thereof. The mole ratio of ester
and/or acid to styrene is preferably in the range from
- 5 about 4 to about 40 styrene units per ester and/or acid -
unit. Such materials preferably have a mean particle
diameter range of from about 0.05 micron to about 1
micron and molecular weights ranging from about 500,000
to about 2,~00~000~ CellulosiC polymers such as carboxy-
methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose and gums
such as guar gum and gum tragacanth are also suitable
;~ - suspending and thickening agents.
The detergent compositions of this invention can
contain, if desixed, any of the usual adjuvants, diluents
and additives, for example, perfumes, enzymes, dyes,
antitarnishing agents, antimicrobial agents, and the
,_
like, without detracting from the advantageous properties
of the compositions. Alkalinity sources and pH buffering
.. . .
~ agents such as alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates,
_ 20 monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, alkali metal hydroxides,
~ etc., can also be utilized. A preferred p~ range for a
- 1% solution in water is from about 6 to about 11.
-.3
The following examples are given to illustrate the
-~ invention. All amounts and percentages in the speci-
- 25 fication and claims are by weight unless otherwise
indicated.
EX~PLE I
Liquid detergent compositions were prepared containing
the ingredients listed below:
A B C D
Sodium Cl la(coconut)
alkyl su~fa~e 12.5%
Sodium C (coconut)
~ etho~y(~a~kyl sulfate 13.5 - >
C12~11 alkyl dimethyl
amin~ o~ide 4.0
Quartz (75-150 microns) - 10~ ~ 10-
Sodium Aluminosilicate
(Zeolite A/l-lOmicrons) - 7.5 7.5
.i ,
. .
1~43240
., .
~ .
- 15 -
Sodium Citrate (anhydrous
~` basis) - 7 5 7.5
~~ Sodium Xylene Sulfonate 2.5 >
:~ Potassium Chloride0.8 >
~- 5 Ethanol 6.3 ~
^ Water and Misc. Balance--------------~ -
,
Composition B within the scope of the invention
containing both an abrasive and a detergency builder
was compared to comparable compositions containing
neither an abrasive nor a detergency builder (A), only
detergency builders (C) and only an abrasive (D).
,- Aluminum strips were treated with oatmeal and egg
food soils and baked to create typical, hard-to-remove
soils.
The relative effort required to remove the soils
- after direct application or direct application plus a
~; soak (0.2% product in water) using the compositions of
~ the example was obtained by using a "Gardner Abrasion
:~ Machine" using a series of progressively heavier weights.
-- 20 The first ten strokes by the machine were made with a
~ one-pound weight mounted over a holder with a sponge
-: saturated with 0.2% product in water. The next ten
- strokes were made with a three-pound weight over the
sponge and the final ten strokes were made with a six-
-- 25 pound weight. The percentage of soil removed after
each ten stroke cycle was recorded.
; Cleaning (% removed at 10/20/30 strokes)
Oatmeal Soil A B CD
Direct Application
to Soil 3/27/83 20/80/98 15/50/92 ll/58/97
Direct Application
Plus 15 minute soak
at 115F 18/55/95 100 at 8 100 at 100 at 26
~ strokes 26 strokes strokes
35 Egg Soil
Direct Application
to Soil o/o/o 2/8/26 2/3/7 0/5/10
- : )
3;~
- 16 -
The data demonstrates a substantial advantage for
Com~osition B within the scope of the invention which
contains both a detergency builder and an abrasive.
EX~MPLE II
The following composition was prepared:
Sodium Cl2-l4(coconut) alkyl sulfate11.5
Sodium C12 14 (coconut) alkyl ethoxy(3) 12.5
sulfate
C12_l4 alkyl dimethyl 4 0
10 Sodium aluminosilicate (Zeolite A/ 5.0
1-10 microns)
Sodium citrate 2.0
Silica abrasive (synthetic amorphous/ 5.0
45-105 microns)
15 Sodium sulfosuccinate 2.0
KH CO3 1.14
K2CO 1.86
Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil M-5) 1.5
Ethanol 4.3
Water & miscellaneous
Cleaning results comparable to Composition B of
Example I are obtained.
Sodium C12 13 alkylbenzene sulfonate is substituted
for the sodium C12-14 (coconut) alkyl sulfate. Comparable
cleaning results are obtained.
C12 monoethanol amide is substituted for the
C14 16 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide. Comparable cleaning
results are obtained.
Feldspar, high density perlite, calcite and pumice
respectively are substituted for the silica abrasive.
Comparable cleaning results are obtained.
Potassium pyrophosphate is substituted for the
sodium aluminosilicate. Comparable cleaning results
are obtained.
1 ~
* Trad~Erk
.. . ~.. ~ , _
