Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~1554~3
The present invention relates to methods ror controlling the
radiant energies in the entire spectral range, such energics irradiating,
for instance, a room through a window or being generated in this room
where they are to be spread as needed. The present invention also relates
to means to implement such method, such means enabling the control, as
desired, of all the radiation energies.
In conventional construction and air conditioning technology,
the attempt is made, by resorting to insulation techniques, to keep natural
energies external to the room, in particular thermal radiations, out of
the room in order to achieve room conditions which are as constant as
possible by means of heating and cooling equipment. These insulating
techniques in the vicinity of the windows essentially amount to the use
of curtains, reflecting or absorbing glass, projecting roofs and awnings,
where the elements ensure also that substantial amounts of the light
present outside the window shall not reach the inside of the building at
all and thereby must be replaced by electrical luminous bodies. It is
further impossible in practice when using the known techniques to absorb
the thermal radiation passing through the windows especially in the hot
season except by energy-consuming air conditioning equipment. On ecologi-
cal and ever-increasing economic gro~mds, it is absolutely necessary to
reduce to a minimum the auxiliary energy required for air conditionin~.
Furthermore, it is desirable substantially to improve conditions of discom-
fort frequently encountered in air conditioned rooms in order to increase
both the well being and also the performance of the people in the room.
The pertinent starting point is that personal comfort in rooms
is largely affected by the radiant energies of light, heat and sound, and
that the control of these energies must be carried out as much as possible
without resorting to auxiliary energy, particularly in the form of
electricity.
It is therefore the object of one aspect of the present invention
1~55433
to develop a means so that, by optiman control of all the radiant energies
present in a room and at least in the entire spectral range, both com-
fortable conditions will be created in the room and the need to use
auxiliary energy will be kept at a minimum.
It is an object of another aspect of this invention to create
advantageous conditions throughout the entire room, in particular regard-
ing light, head and sound, withou~ using auxiliary energy.
The means of an aspect of this invention should be so designed
that they can be employed without problems and should be able to adhere
to the pertinent regulations and building standards.
Finally, if at all possible, the gain in comfortable conditions
regarding light, heat and sound should not be at the cost of draw-backs in
other areas.
By one broad aspect of this invention, an energy-spreading
installation is provided for controlling, in the entire spectral range,
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1~55433
radiant energy amounts irradiating a room having a plurality of confining
walls comprising a bottom floor, a side wall zone and a ceiling zone, which
room the energy amounts are to fill, the radiant energies stemming from at
least one radiation source located outside or inside the room, comprising
surface means adapted for a predetermined spreading, in the room, of radi-
ant energy in order to attain a state ranging from diffusion to total re-
flection, in the entire spectral range, the means being mountable on a con-
fining wall of the room; wherein the surface means comprise those of a
double-glazed window, the window comprising a plurality of reflection ele-
ments arranged one above the other and located between the two glass panes
of the window; and wherein the reflection elements comprise shell-shaped
reflectors and support elements for the reflection, the support elements
being specular on one side; and the support elements being of transparent
plastics material and their side holding the reflectors comprising a Ispecu-
lar surface with diffusing structures.
By a variant thereof, the surface means comprise a double-glazed
window, the window comprising a plurality of reflection elements arranged
in several rows mounted one above the other and located in a middle zone be-
tween the two glass panes of the window.
By another aspect of this invention, an energy-spreading installa-
tion is provided for controlling, in the energy spectral range, radiant
energy amounts irradiating a room having a plurality of confining walls
comprising a bottom floor, a side wall zone and a ceiling zone, which room
the energy amounts are to fill, the radiant energ.ies stemming from at least
one radiation source located outside or inside the room, comprising surface
means adapted for a predetermined spreading, in the room, of radiant energy
in order to attain a state ranging from diffusion to total reflection, in
the entire spectral range, the means being mountable on a confining wall of
1~55a,33
the room; wherein the surface means comprise those of a double-glazed win-
dow, the window comprising a plurality of reflec~ion elements arranged one
above the other and located between the two glass panes of the window; and
wherein the reflection elements comprise shell-shaped reflectors and support
elements for the reflectors, the support elements being specular on one side;
and wherein the support elements are provided with an internal duct and are
designed as combined reflecting and absorbing elements and are adapted for
being cooled by a coolant flowing through the duct.
By yet another aspect of this invention, an energy-spreading in-
stallation is provided for controlling, in the entire spectral range, radi-
ant energy amounts irradiating a room having a plurality of confining walls
comprising a bottom floor, a side wall zone and a ceiling zone, which room
the energy amounts are to fill, the radiant energies stemming from at least
one radiation source, the installation comprising surface means adapted for
a predetermined spreading, in the room, of radiant energy in order to attain
a state ranging from `diffusion to total reflection, in the entire spectral
range, the surface means comprising, at least one ceiling element, adapted
to be installed in the ceiling zone, which ceiling element has a surface
structure in the form of pyramids having triangular bases and arranged in at
~n least one row, each pyramid base having at least two of its edges in common
with two adjacent pyramids, and in each pair of the pyramids, a first pyra-
mid projecting downwardly with its apex pointing toward the interior of the
room and the other pyramid being raised with its apex pointing away from the
room to the outside above the ceiling.
By a variant thereof, radiation source comprises a fluorescent tube
lamp having at least one fluorescent tube vertically offset from a room
ceiling zone, the tube being surrounded by a light-diffusing cover.
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~155~33
By still another variant, the reflection elements comprise shell-
shaped reflectors and support elements for the reflection, the support
elements being specular on a concave side thereof facing inwardly.
By yet another variant, the surface means comprise a double-glazed
window, the window comprising a plurality of reflection elements arranged
one above the other and located in a middle zone between the two glass panes
of the window, the reflection elements comprising shell shaped reflectors
and support elements for the reflection, the support elements being specular
on a side thereof facing upwardly, and being designed as combined reflecting
and absorbing elements, each of the support elements being provided with an
- internal duct and adapted for being cooled by a coolant flowing through
the duct.
By another variant thereof, the support elements are of metal and
the reflectors are stamped into them.
By a further variant, the surface means comprises surfaces of a
roof dome in the shape of a truncated pyramid from an obliquely cut-off tip
such that the inclined top face of the frustum is thombic with one corner
of the rhomb at the highest and the opposite corner at the lowest point of
the cut-off face.
~O By a further variant, the reflectors are recesses in one of the
surfaces of the double-glazed window.
By other variants, the recesses are shaped as cupolas.
By another variant, the ceiling element comprises several rows of
the adjacent triangular pyramids in an arrangement wherein the particular
rear triangular faces of the raised pyramids join the rear triangular faces
of the downwardly projecting pyramids.
By a further variant thereof, the triangular pyramids have two
identical triangular side faces symmetrically joined to the rearward tri-
~1S54~3
angular faces.
By another variant, the ceiling elements are made of plaster ofParis.
By yet another variant, the ceiling elements are made of sheét
metal.
By yet another variant, the ceiling elements are made of sheet
metal and further comprise baffles stamped from the rear triangular faces
and baffle connecting means for connecting adjacent ones of the baffles in
an axis of rotation both with one another and to the triangular faces, the
baffles being pivotable about the axis of rotation for the purpose of
achieving individually adjustable openings.
Thus as described above, the present invention is based on the in-
sight that each electromagnetic radiation, and therefore every light and
heat radiation, and also each directed acoustic beam, which also rep're-
sents a radiation (as used in the sense of this invention) can be con-
trolled by reflection. Accordingly, it is possible to achieve a spreading
of such radiation or radiations in the room and in particular at the ceil-
ing of the room, whereby radiation concentration can be averted in the
area of the window. It will be feasible in this manner both favourably
~0 to affect the lighting conditions in the room by approaching an ideal
state for the light intensity and by the absolute values of illumination
being kept high over as long a period of the day as possible. mis is to
be combined with making use of the major part of the irradiated heat, re-
sorting to room boundary surfaces as large as possible, e.g., ceilings,
walls and floors, so that their heating per unit area shall be minimal and
hence the heating of the air particles and thus of the room climate shall
be negligibly small.
The practical implementation of such concept within the scope of
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" aspects of this invention advantageously requires the combined and
mutually adjusted application of several engineering means; however, the
application of a single of these means in a room permits an improvement
in the comfort in this room and a saving in energy.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 schematically illustrates the method of an aspect of the
invention along with its corresponding means with a lengthwise section
through a room;
Figure 2 illustrates the situation in a room where neither the
method of an aspect of the invention nor the corresponding means are em-
ployed;
Figure 3 is a cross-section of a window into which are integrated
reflectors of an aspect of the invention;
Figure 4 is a first variation of an embodiment of such reflectors,
shown in perspective;
Figure 5 is a perspective of a second variation of an embodiment
of such reflectors;
Figure 6 is a perspective of a first embodiment of a ceiling plate;
Figure 7 is a perspective of a second embodiment of a ceiling
plate;
Figure ~ is a longitudinal section through part of such a ceiling
plate;
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~S433
Figure 9 is a perspective of a prism single combination in a
ceiling plate;
Figure 10 is a perspective of a first embodiment of a truncated
light dome as a further means of an aspect of the invention;
Figure 11 is a cross-section of a second embodiment of a trun-
cated light dome combined with two artificial light sources; and
Figure 12 is a light source representing a further means of an
aspect of the invention.
By and large, both the method of an aspect of the invention and
the means of an aspect of the invention for implementing the method can
be explained in principle using Figure 1. Each radiation in room 1 is
controlled as widely as possible and in the entire spectral range, the
essential matter being diffusely to reflect these radiations and to
scatter them as uniformly as possible across the entire room 1~ In the
example shown, this is illustrated by means of the light rays present in
room 1. Room 1 is shown in cross-section and on one hand receives solar
radiation 3 through a window 2. This radiation, as explained further
below in relation to Figures 3 through 5, is deflected in the window 2
itself in a controlled manner by reflectors 4, whereby the room ceiling 5
is diffusely irradiated. 3irect irradiation of the solar rays 3 into the
room 1 is widely prevented by reflectors 4.
The indirect diffuse solar radiation 3a from the reflectors 4 of
window 2 is again deflected in controlled manner by the ceiling elements
6 described in detail in relation to Figures 6 through 9, and in such
manner that it irradiates the room floor 7. This floor is uniformly
illuminated by diffuse sunlight. Places with excessive brightness do not
arise.
The solar radiation 9 entering the room 1 through the truncated
room dome 8 is partly radiated through the sloping window 10 directly into
the room 1, but it is also partly deflected from the dome wall 11 and
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~ ~5~3
reradiated indirectly into room 1.
Lamps or luminous bodies can furthermore be used in room l as
sources of radiation. Their design and operation within the SCOp2 of the
common basic idea of aspects of the invention, namely the concept of the
invention or system, will be described herein in relation to a fluores-
cent light 12, details of which being explained in relation to Figure 12.
The light generated by the fluorescent tubes 13 is spre~d in room 1 in
diffuse manner as determined by the covering 14, a significant amount of
luminous radiation being projected on the ceiling elements 6 from where
it is diffusely reradiated onto a large room surface, as indicated by
arrows 15. To exploit this effect as much as possible, it is essential
that the light source, here the fluorescent tubes 13, be offset from the
ceiling elements 6.
The drawing clearly shows that all radiations present in room 1
are controlled in purposeful manner by means of the elements of aspects
of the invention in that room, namely the window 2 with reflectors 4,
ceiling elements 6, truncated light dome 8 and light source 12 and that
they are spread as optimally as possible in room 1, this spreading taking
place advantageously in a wholly diffuse manner. Zones with excessive
brightness can be averted by applying the method of aspects of the inven-
tion and the means of aspects of the invention for implementing it, in~
room 1. At the same time,^~oom 1 is provided with daylight in a substan-
tially better manner, especially in its areas away from window 2, even
when the truncated room dome 8 is not used, than is the case in the
absence of the method and means of aspects of the invention.
This is at once obvious when considering Figure 2, which shows a
room 16 in cross-section and which lacks the means of aspects of the inven-
tion. The solar radiation 18 enters through the window 17 into the room
16 in a practically uninterrupted manner and projects the window aperture
as an excessively bright spot on the room floor 19. As the room ceiling 20
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11554~3
is not specifically designed as a reflector means and as the conventional
fluorescent lamp 21 is mounted with its fluorescent tubes 22 very close
underneath the room ceiling 20, their light practically is radiated only
directly on the region below them. Again the solar radiation 24 incident
through the roof dome 23 is radiated directly and indirectly into room 1
where it brightens a specific area.
Such a situation results in the adequately known fact that a
conventionally equipped room 16 comprises three regions which, with res-
pect to the remaining space of the room, much differ in their brightness,
and each of which is located in the direct area of irradiation of the
described radication sources: window 17, lamp 21 and dome 23. Uniform
room illumination can be achieved with conventional means only by screen-
ing the excessively irradiating sunlight and suspending a number of light
sources from the room ceiling.
As furthermore the radiations in the entire spectral range from
the thermal rays in the infra-red to the ultra-violet and even sound ~aves
exhibit similar or identical spreading characteristics as visible light,
the above discussion also applies to the thermal radiation from the sun
and entering room l. This also applies to the sound generated in room 1
~0 which, as shall later be shown in relation to Figures 6 through 9, will
be radiated back diffusely from the ceiling elements 6. -
Therefore equipping a room with the means of aspects of theinvention not only shall }esult in an improved spreading of the light, but
also a decreased heating of individual room segments due to incident sun,
and a reduction in the noise level in the room on account of the diffuse
reradiation of the sound waves from the ceillng elements.
Therefore the invention in its various aspects permits a reduc-
tion in illuminating bodies at constant room brightness, a reduction in
the required energy of cooling needed to stabilize the room temperature,
and a reduction in the overall noise level in the ~oom for constant local
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11554~3
sound generation.
The advantages of aspects of the invention shall be discussed
even more comprehensively below in relation to the description of indivi-
dual illustrative embodiments of the various means of aspects of the
invention for carrying out the method of aspects of the invention.
A cut-out can be noted in Figure 3 as a possible design for a
window of an aspect of the invention. This window essentially consists of
a conventional window frame 25 without double glazing, namely two glass
panes 27 held in putty grooves 26 with reflector elements 28 Inounted in-
between. These always comprise a support element 29, a spacer 30, andthe reflectors proper 31.
The light incident on reflectors 31 is deflected diffusely in
controlled manner into the depth of the room, as illustrated by the beams
32, 33 and 34 and three reflectors 31, each reflector 31 being impinged by
the beams 32, 33 and 34 shown in relation to three reflectors 30, whereby
a very pronounced, controllable spreading of the intense incident light is
obtained.
Advantageously the reflectors 31 are specular recesses embedded
in rod-shaped support elements 29, the surfaces of these recesses compris-
ing a multitude of diffusing structures~ The recesses, or reflectors 31,may be in a variety of shapes, as indicated by Figure 4, where in part A`
they are dome-shaped, almond shaped in part B, and banana-shaped in part C.
The surfaces 35 of the support elements 29 surrounding the reflectors 31
advantageously shall have the same structure as the surfaces of reflectors
31, and also are specular. Each reflector shape exhibits specific light
reflecting characteristics, as indicated in the lowe~r half of Figure 4.
The support elements 29 are mounted one above the other in the
window between the glass panes 27 and rest on the spacers 30, that is they
are connected to them, these spacers advantageously consisting of fully
transparent, light-fast material. On both sides at the ends of the support
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1 155433
elements 29 advantageously extending transversely through the entire
window, they are connected by fastening means 36 to glide rails 37 joined
to a frame passing around the inside of tl~e window frame 25.
The vertical distance a between the support elements 29, or the
rows of refletors, and the angle of incline ~ of the axis of the reflec-
tors 31 with respect to the horizontal are selected as a function of the
latitude-determined mean position of the sun and the desired effective
control, i.e., the portion of the total collimated solar radiation incident
on the window which is to be converted into diffuse radiation. Further-
more, the optimal width b of the support elements 29 is to be determinea asa function of the maximum admissible blocking angle ~ which, together with
the distance a determines how much visual contact a person inside the room
may have with the world outside.
It was found in practice that the following values lead to good
results for central European conditions:
a = 25 mm; _ = 3S mm; ~ = 6~ 27.
The expert will notice that the described window controls the
light, or the total radiation, not only in the vertical plane, but also
horizontally, the apparent motion of the sun, however, being partly
corrected in such manner that a partial deflection takes place in the
direction opposite to the motion of the sun. This correction of the ~
irradiation therefore takes place in the third dimension. Also, an auto-
matic quantitative control takes place, as for increasing elevation of the
sun, there takes place a reduction of the irradiated surface of reflection
in a reciprocal manner, and thereby a quantitative decrease of the incoming
irradiation. The effectiveness of deflection is inversely proportional to
the angular solar elevation. Even for an overcast, cloudy sky, there will
be an improvement of the conditions within the roo~. This obtains
especially by combining the window of an aspect of the invention with the
ceiling elements of another aspect of the invention per Figures 6 through 9.
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~15~433
Figure 5 shows schematically another embodiment of a s~lpport
element 29' with reflectors 31', the support element 29' being deslgned
below the reflectors 31' as a hollow body in the shape of a channel 38
and acting as an absorber Eor part of the thermal irradiation. The accumu-
lated heat in this embodiment can be transferred by a liquid or gaseous
medium, for instance air, and be used for other purposes, for instance
- cooling.
As indicated by the description relating to Figure 1, an optimal
result when using the window of an aspect of the invention will be obtained
only in conjunction with the ceiling elements of another aspect of the
invention. Such a ceiling element 6 is shown in Figure 6 as seen from
below. It comprises a surface with a triangular pyramidal structure, with
raised and lowered triangular prismatic structures 39 and 40 respectively
arranged in such rows that raised and lowered prisms 39 and 40 alternate
on each side and again alternatingly in each direction. Each triangular
pyramid 39 and 40 comprises two lateral triangular faces 41 and a rear
triangular face 42. The ceiling element 6 must be mounted in such manner
in the room that the lateral triangular faces 41 in the raised triangular
pyramids 39 point in the direction of the window, while the rear triangular
surfaces 42 of the raised pyramids 39 point into the room. ~dvantageously
the raised and lowered triangular pyramids 39 and 40 are identical. The
edges where the various triangular faces 41 and 42 meet should be as sharp
as possible.
The dimensions of the triangular pyramids 39 and 40 should be so
selected as a function of the room conditions as to obtain optimal spread-
ing or scattering of the light falling on the ceiling elements 6, wllether
this be achieved only by means of the reflectors 31 of the window 2 or by
luminous means 21. Furthermore, a careful selection of the dimensions of
the triangular pyramids 39 and 40 of the ceiling elements can provide a
desired diffusion of sound waves in such a psychologically tolerable
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~ 15Sa~33
acoustic level will obtain in the room.
It was found in practice that standard ceiling elements 6 which
are 62.5 x 62.5 cm in si~e and each comprising 36 full and half triangular
pyramids 39 and 40 are very appropriate. The triangular pyramids 39 and
40 advantageously will have the follo~ing di~ensions: altitude from base
to tip = 2.8 cm; width = 10.4 cm; and length = 10.4 cm. Such ceiling
elements may be properly formed from plastic, plaster or sheet metal and
advantageously will have a rough surface.
Ceiling elements made of sheet metal advantageously are provided
at the rear triangular faces 42 of the triangular pyramids 39 and 40 with
pivoting triangular ~affles 43, as shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9, which are
made by stamping and which can rotate about the uncut connections 45 re-
maining as axis of rotation 44 in such a manner that the ceiling element
surface can be provided with openings amounting up to 24~ of the total
surface, without, however, the total surface required for diffusion
thereby being reduced.
In this manner the acoustic damping efficiency of the ceiling
element of Figure 6 may again be substantially increased and especially
it can be adjusted subsequently to the installation of the ceiling in a
room and even be adapted to local noise conditions, something ~hich was
previously impossible with conventional acoustic damping ceiling plates,
Furthermore the openings obtained by pivoting the baffles 43 permit
optimal ventilation and venting.
On the basis of the above discussion, it is clear to the expert
that the ceiling element of an aspect of the invention assumes a very
significant function in solving the problem basic to the invention in its
various aspects. This applies not only to optimal illumination of the
room by the reflection of the light incident on it and to acoustic damping,
but also especially to stabili~ing the room temperature even in the pres-
ence of intense sunshine, as the thermal radiation, similar to the luminous
11554~3
one, is reflected by the reflectors 31 of the window onto a relativelylarge surface, i.e., proJected on it, such surface consisting of ceiling
elements and by its structure comprising an additional area, and easily
able to absorb and transEer even large amounts of heat passing through the
window into the room. Thereby sunshine-determined heating of the room
is extensively averted and the use of air conditioning and cooling equip-
ment in offices, manufacturing spaces and residential rooms made super-
fluous, without paying the price of screening the window against the sun
and hence darkening the room.
As regards the topmost rooms in flat-roof buildings, especially
in single-storey manufacturing and sales rooms with flat-roofs, where
ordinarily adequate room lighting without artificial light sources is
impossible on account of the large built-up floor space, the truncated
room dome 8 forming the means of another aspect of the invention as shown
in Figures 10 and 11, advantageously in combination with the window of
another aspect of the invention and the ceiling element of yet another
aspect of the invention and possibly also together with the fluorescent
light described in relation to Figure 12 provides the possibility of
ensuring enough illumination by daylight in the entire room.
This roof dome 8 is in the shape of a truncated pyramid with
obliquely cut-off tip, and advantageously is covered by a glass pane 46.
To be optimally effective; such a dome is advantageously arranged in sets,
its glass pane 46 being mounted at easterly, southerly and westerly
orientations. Similarly to the surfaces of the ceiling elements 6, the
wall insides 49 must be matte-white and preferably slightly roughened to
provide good properties of reflection and diffusion.
Figure 11 schematically shows the beam of light incident on
glass pane 46 within the dome 8. This Figure simultaneously also illus-
trates the beam path from two light sources 50 of Figure 10 mounted inside
the truncated roof dome 8. The expert easily will see that this truncated
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~JL55a. ~3
roof dome 8, contrary to the case for conventional roof domes and shed
roofs, deflects light incident at a very shallow angle into the room, as
such light is reElected into the room from the wall insides 49.
The angle of incline of the glass pane is independent of the
geographic latitude where the dome is to be used, because the lesser this
angle, the more light at shallow incidence will be captured. As regards
central European conditions, an incline of 45~ for a mean sun elevation
of 30 was found optimal. A square 1.2 to 1.8 m on each side is very
well suited as the base surface of the pyramidal frustrum.
Figure 12 shows a further significant means for solving the
problem basic to aspects of the present invention. ~lis is an artificial
light source in the form of a fluorescent lamp 21 mounted below or between
the ceiling elements 6 and permitting a substantially improved and more
effective illumination of the room with respect to conventional installa-
tions. The known fluorescent lamps are so designed that the light they
generate is radiated predominantly or exclusively downwards and sideways,
so that essentially that part of the room directly underneath the lamp
will be brightened. Especially where double-tube lamps are involved, a
zone is often created in the room which suffers from excessive point
illumination. To avert excessive differences in brightness, a plurality
of fluorescent lamps are hung in one room on one hand, and on the other-
these lamps are covered with -strongly light-absorbing plastic grids.
Accordingly the average room brightness is not rationally related to the
energy required and to the effective illuminating efficiency-of the fluores-
cent tubes.
This drawback is eliminated by the fluorescent lamp 21 of an
aspect of this invention in connection with the ceiling elements 6 of
other aspects of the invention, which requires substantially less energy
and provides an appreciably improved illumination in a comparable room.
The fluorescent lamp 21 of an aspect of the invention contrary to the
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~55~33
conventional fluorescent lamp comprises advantageously rluorescent tubes
22 mounted one below the other which are as much below the ceiling
elements 6 as possible. roese fluorescent tubes 22 are surrounded by a
light-diffusing housing 51, for instance made of synthetic frosted glass,
in such a manner that the collimated light rays from the fluorescent
tubes 22 are diffusely reradiated into the room. Because the fluorescent
tubes 22 are at some distance from the ceiling elements 6, these elements
receive light radiation over a relatively large area and in turn diffusely
reflect the light generated by the fluorescent tubes 22 into a large part
of the room. This substantially prevents excessively illuminating a small
room segment; on the contrary, a room illumination generally pleasant to
the eye is achieved. Fewer, e.g., 20¢ fewer, fluorescent lamps 21 are
required to illuminate thoroughly a defined room at a predetermined lux
level than for conventional neon lamps and ceiling elements. Thus a sub-
stantial saving in electric power is possible.
It was found in practice that with 40-watt fluorescent tubes 22,
with the upper one 15 cm and the lower one 25 cm from the ceiling elmeents
6, very good results are obtained.
The expert will easily see from the above description that all
the means of various aspects of the invention, that is, the window 2, the
ceiling elements 6, the fluorescent lamp 21 and the roof dome 8 are based
on one common concept of aspects of the invention and that, for an optimal
solution to the problem which is the basis of aspects of the invention,
they must all be used jointly, the truncated roof dome ~ being mostly
applicable only when a room is located uppermost in a building and is
covered by a flat roof. While each of the means of aspects of the invention
when used without the others will offer advantages with respect to conven-
tional means of similar functions, it is inappropriate to some extent to
make use of the window and the light source without the ceiling elements,
and vice-versa.
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1~5~3
The expert will further understand that the method of an aspect
of the invention for the first time makes it possible to control all
natural energies of radiation within the spectral range in a room for the
purpose of generating optimal comfort in the room, without screening
them partly from the room or eliminating them and creating in return
comparable conditions by radiations from auxiliary and additional energy.
It is clear therefore at once that the invention in its various aspects
serves not merely to create the most optimal possible conditions of com-
fort, but also additionally allows saving very substantial amounts of
auxiliary energy by rendering superfluous, for instance, air conditioning
equipment, without loss in comfort.
Obviously the dimensions and vlaues indicated in the above
description for the particular means of the invention are solely illus-
trative in nature and that the invention in its various aspects is not
restricted to the shown embodiments of these means.
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