Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Technical Field
~ he invention relates to a process for,the lining
of an excavation and the like by means of wall plates, dis-
placeable in vertica] guides, wherein at least two wall plates
are situated vertically one above the other.
Background Art
To prevent an excavation and the like from collapsing,
one often makes use of a lining construction wherein a number
of guiding means are placed opposite -to each other and which,
if,necessary, are kept spaced apart from each other by means
of props. The guiding means themselves are provided with
guiding elements between which wall lining plates are dis-
placeable. ~or a shallow excavation it is sufficient to
insert only one wall lining plate between each set of guide
means but for deeper excavations it is preferable to divide
the lining into a plurality of wall plates positioned one
above the other. These wall plates are inserted from above
so that when deepening the excavation the wall plates will
correspondingly sink or be driven in. When the operations
concerning such an excavation are completed, for example after
laying a sewer pipe, the wall ]ining plates have to be
removed.
' In connection with the great pressure which may be
exerted by the ground on the wall plates it is not easy to
pull up both plates at the same time. When the upper wall
plate is removed first there is a possibility that the upper
part of the excavation will collapse resulting in the lower
plate being more difficult to remove.
It has already been su~gested that deeper excavations
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can be carried out stepwise with each wall having a separate
gu:ide wherein the lowest plate, both when being inserted and
removed, is replaceable behind -the upper plate. In order
to ob-tain an ef:Eec~ive width on -the bottom level of the
excavation more soil has to be removed ak the upper part of
the excavation. Further, the costs of such vertical guide
means are greater than those associated with other prior art
devices.
Disclosure of the Invention
.
. The invention contemplates a simple process for
lining. an excavation of the type discussed, as well as an
apparatus for applying such a process and a wall plate to
be used therewith.
Broadly spea~ing the present invention provides a
method for the lining of an excavation and the like by means
oE vertical guiding supports which are erected at certain
distances alongside the excavation walls and wherein between
each pair of adjacent supports erected alongside the same
wall, are inserted in a common plane at least two superimposed
wall plates, one after the other, guided by common guiding
means forming part of the guiding supports, characterised
in that -Eor removal of the wall plates firstly each lower
wall plate is displaced in a direction away from the
adjacent wall and thereafter removed behind and along the
respective upper wall plate whereafter the upper wall plate
is removed.
The above method may be carried out by way of
excavation lining apparatus comprising vertical guiding
supports to be erected at certain distances alongside the
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excavation walls, and wall plates to be inserted at least
one above the other in a common plane between the guiding
supports and -to be guided by common guiding means forming
part oE the guiding supports, characterised in that -the
guiding means intended for the lower wall plates are mounted
on a separate support section which, at least in its upper
region, is displaceable with respect to the guiding support
carrying the remainder of the guiding means and away from
a wall to be supported.
One may use pivotably lever elements on which either
one or a number of guide elements are arranged in such a
way that when the lining is finished the lever is in operating
position and is directed substantially squarely to the face
of the wall plates elements. However, the lever is dis-
placeable in an upwards and backwards direction to release
the lowest wall plate when removing the lining.
In an advantageous embodiment use is made of one
lever which, through a connecting rod with compression members,
releases the lowest wall plate when it is moved upwards
and backwards.
In this way it suffices to use relatively~ simple
guides, it being only necessary that the guide means within
reach of the lowermost wall plates are movable over a certain
distance. In this way a minimum of ground displacement over
the full height of the excavation will be sufficient for a
certain working distance. Moreover the props may be as short
as possible and consequently be made firm and economically
advantageous.
- ~ In a further embodiment of the invention it has
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appeared that a particularly ef~ective guidance bekween
the guide means and the wall plates can be reached when use
is made of subs-tan-tially barrel-shaped rollers, which are
movable in guicL~ pro~iles with V-shaped or truncated V-shaped
guiding profiles. In such an embodiment, wherein for each
wall plate use is made of at least four rollers tone in each
corner of the wall plate) jammlng is effectively prevented
which might be otherwise caused if there was warping of the
wall plates as they are driven in or removed. With such a
construction, which is particularly applicable for use in the
present invention, the wall plates may be placed and rèmoved
with a minimum of effort, while substantially no maintenance
is required. It has further been found that a very light and
stable wall plate is obtained when it is built up of two
parallel flat elements, which along the four edges are
provided with an end profile and wherein between the two flat
plates spacer elements are provided formed by substantially
hat-shaped parts. Preferably these hat-shaped parts are
alternatively placed in horizontal lines, the parts in two
neighbouring lines being staggered in respect of each other.
Brief Description_of the Drawings
Fig. 1 shows schematically in side view, partially
in section, an excavation provided with a iining construction
according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows on a larger scale in horizontal section
a detail of Fig. 1 along lines II-II.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a wall plate according to
the invention.
~; Fig. ~ shows an edge view of the wall plate according
to Fig. 3.
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Fig. 5 is a top view of the wall plate according
to Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 on the same shee-t as Fig. 2 shows on a
larger scale in horizontal section a detail of the wall of
Fig. 3 according to line VI-VI.
Fig. 7 schematically shows a side view of a wall
plate in operative position according to another embodiment
of the invention;
Fig. 8 shows the situation wherein the lower wall
plàte according to Fig. 7 may be removed from the excayation;
Fig. 9 shows a section of Fig. 7 along the line IX-IX;
Fig. 10 shows a side view of a part of a wall plate
according to another embodiment of the invention;
FigO 11 shows in pla~ view a part of the wall plate
according to the embodiment of the invention of Fig. 10; and
Fig. 12 shows another side view of the embodiment of
Fig. 10~ -
Best Mode of Carring Out the Invention
In ~ig. 1 an excavation lining construction is shown
schematically. This construction may be used in a rectangular
excavation, of which the walls 1,2 are indicated as well as
a bottom floor 3.
On this bottom, in the example, a sewage pipe 4 has
been placed. The walls 1 and 2 of the excavation are
supported by a wall lining construction according to the
invention. This is built up from a number of substantially
vertically placed guiding supports 5,6 spaced apart along
each wall 1,2 respectively, and wall plates 7,8 located
between and supported by adjacent pairs of guiding supports
5,5 and 6,6.
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An upper wall plate is indicated by 7 and a
similar lower pla-te by 8. Although the wall p.lates may in
principle be made iden-tical, it is preferred to construct
the lower plate with a sharp lower edge as at 9, so that it
can easily be driven into the ground, whereafter the ground
between the lined walls can be excavated until -the desired
level for bottom 3 has been reached. The pair of oppositely
placed guiding supports 5,6 are always spaced apart by means
of props 10. This is in itsel well known. -The wall plates
7,8 may be moved downwards along guiding elements, such as
rollers 11 after -the guiding supports 5,6 have been inserted
into the excavation. The lower rollers meant for the lower
wall plates 8 are not directly supported on a guiding support
by bearings as are the upper rollers but, as 1s shown more
clearly in Fig. 2, they are always supported by bearings on
a support section 12. A support section is situated on each
side of a body plate 13 of the guiding support 5 (see Fig. 2).
The body plate 13 is further proviaed along one edge
with a front plate 14 which abuts against the wall of the
excavation, while along the opposite edge it is provided with
a substantially C-shaped guide means 15 for heads 16 of
props 10. .The support sections 12 are arranyed on either side
of the body plate 13 and are connected together by pins, which
extend through elongated openings 20 of the body, by which
the support sections 12 are movable in a horizontal direction.
A pair of compression elements 21 abut against the
back edges of the support sections 12. These compression
elements exte~nd through arcuate slots 22, in body plate 13.
: These compression elements are arranged at the end of an arm 23.
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This arm 23 is firmly connected to a pivot pin 24 r which is
suppor-ted by a bearing in body plate 13~ At -the end of pin 2
a lever 25 is provided to displace the compression members 21.
By moving the lever 25 the compression members may
be displaced from the position in full lines to the position
shown by the dash lines in Fig. 1~ In the position indicated
by full lines the support sections 12 are oriented in such a
way that all rollers 11 thereof are always vertically above
one another in guiding supports 5,6. In the position
indicated by dash lines, the support sections 12 are retracted
so far that the rollers supported thereby withdraw from the
wall 2,1 t in which case also the lower wall plates 8, at
least at the top part thereof, are displaced so far bac~wards
out of the plane of the upper wall plates that they can be
pulled out upwardly alongside the upper wall plates 7.
It is observed that the upper part of the wall plate 8
and the lower part of the wall plate 7 are maae correspondingly
slanting in such a way that the lowe~ wall plate can easily
move backwards.
It is understood that lnstead of pivotable arms 23
with compression members 21, one may also use removable
compression members, such as wedges or keys, for fixing the
support sections 12 in the operative positionO
In another advantageous embodiment as shown in Figs.
7, 8 and 9, a single lever construction is used to fix and
release the lower wall plates. In Fig. 7 the lower wall
plate is shown in its operative position, the plate being
maintained in position by compression members or rollers 27,
which are fixed to a connecting rod 26,26'. During movement
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of the lever system, as shown in Fig. 8, through pivot pin
29, lever arm 28 and connecting rocls 26,26', pivotably
supported by the lever arm, the rollers 27 (which function
as a compression member) move in slits 13' in the body
member 13, by means oE which the compresC~ion members move
away from the support section 120 The lower compression
member need only move slightly upwards to provide the
necessary space for the lower roller 11.
As also appears from Figs. 3-6, each wall plate is
built up of two flat plates, a Eront plate 30 and back~plate
31. A profile piece 32 with a triangular cross section is
present at the bot-tom edge and a correspondingly shaped
profile piece 33 is provided at the top part. As a consequence
of the inclined surface of the triangular profile piece 33
at the top part, a lower wall plate may easily move backwards,
provided the guiding support will allow this. The upper
profile piece 33 does not extend over the full length of the
wall plate but is locally interrupted at 3~. ~t this
interruption a substantially U-shaped drawing eye 35 is
provided. This drawing eye is, by means of its legs, pivotally
connected to the triangular profile piece 33. By means of
the drawing hook or eyes a wall plate may be drawn or lifted
away upwardly. Laterally of the wall plate and also serving
to finish the ends of the parallel plates 30 and 31, an end
profile 37 is provided. In this end profile 37, a profile with
an ~-shaped section or angular section 38 is provided~ These
angular profiles 38 serve for the guidance of the wall plates
and are therefore in contact with the rollers 11. The rollers
11 are not fully cylindrical but bevelled at their edges
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39 so that the shape of a barrel is obtained. By the
cooperation of the rollers 11 with the angular profiles 38
an eEf:icient guiclance of the wall plates is obtained, in
such a way that jamminy of -the wall plates as they are being
pulled upwards in an :Lnclined way will be preventedO In
this way jamming of the wall plates is, in all circumstances,
avoided.
In another embodiment instead of using a drawing eye,
a pivotable plate provided with a slot is arranged whlch,
whèn -the wall plate has to be pulled out, is turned to~a
vertical position, whereafter the wall plate may be removed
by~ for example, a chain with a hook~ which engages in a slotO
In the vicinity of the interruption 44 this p:ivotable
plate in Fig. 10 is indicated as 45, while in Fig. 11 slot 46
and axle 47 are visible. In Fig. 12 is shown (on an enlarged
scale, according to section XII-XII of Fig. 11) plate 45, which
is pivotable around axle 47 in upwards direction. Naturally
more levers of this type may be present.
- An efficient construction of the wall plates includes
parallel plates 30,31 spaced apart by spacer elements having
a hat-like cross section. These spacer elements (in Fig. 6)
generally indicated by 40, comprise a body portion 41,
inclined flanges 42 and edges 43, which are spaced apart
from the body portion 41. In this construction, the hat-like
spacer elements 40 are each arranged in a series with the
body portion 41 connected to the one plate 31. The spacer
elements 40" in an ad~acent series are, however, connected
to this plate 31 by means of the flanges 43". Between each
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series there is always a horizontal baffle 39. The
spacer elements are locally also welded to these ba:Efles 39.
In the cons-truction oE a similar wall plate one
starts Erom one of the flat platesr onto which the edge
profiles are arranged, and -the baffles as well as the spacer
elements welded. This welding can be accomplished partly
by spot welding, and partly by C02 welding~ Subsequently the
other parallel running plate is arranged, which by means of
unilateral spot welding is welded to the relative parts 41',43'
of the spacer elements as well as to the edge profiles and
baffles.
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