SEALING COMPOSITIONS

COMPOSITIONS DE SCELLEMENT

English Abstract

ABSTRACT
Crush resistant glass being having A pasrticle size of 1 to 200
microns are includes as part or all of the filler in n non-latex sealing
composition suitable for sealing container ends and which may be made by
dispersing or dissolving solid styrene butadiene or other rubbery polymer
and filler, and optionally also containing a tackifying resin, in a liquid
medium.

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A container having a closure sealed to it by a seal that includes
a gasket formed of a composition comprising rubbery polymer (other than a
polymer latex) in which is dispersed filler including an effective amount of
crush resistant glass beads having a particle size of about 1 to about 200
microns.
2. A container according to claim 1 in which the glass beads have an
average particle size of about 10 to about 75 microns and are present in the
composition in an amount of about 5% to about 100% and in which the composition
includes 0 to about 250% tackifier and filler additional to glass beads in an
amount of O to about 150%, all percentages being by volume based on the volume
of rubbery polymer.
3. A container according to claim 1 in which the glass beads have an
average particle size of about 10 to about 50 microns and are present in the
composition in an amount of about 5 to about 50% in which the composition
includes tackifier in an amount of about 15 to about 200% and includes filler
in a total amount of about 20 to about 175%, all percentages being by volume
based on the volume of rubbery polymer, and in which there are about 0.05 to
about 2 parts by volume glass beads per part by volume other filler.
4. A container according to claim 1 in which the glass beads have an
average particle size of about 20 to about 50 microns and are present in the
composition in an amount of about 5 to about 30% by volume based on the volume
of rubbery polymer.
5. A container according to claim 1 in which the rubber polymer has
a Mooney viscosity (<IMG> of from 20 to 200.
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6. A container according to claim 1 in which the rubbery polymer is
selected from styrene butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene block copolymers,
polybutadiene, styrene acrylic copolymers, butadiene acrylonitrile copolymers,
polyvinylidene chloride and butyl rubber.
7. A sealing composition (which is not a polymer latex) suitable for
sealing container closures and which is a liquid medium in which a solid rubbery
polymer has been dissolved or dispersed and in which has been dispersed a fil-
ler including an effective amount of crush resistant glass beads having a
particle size of about 1 to about 200 microns.
8. A composition according to claim 7 in which the glass beads have an
average particle size of about 10 to about 75 microns and are present in the
composition in an amount of about 5 to about 100% and in which the composition
includes 0 to about 250% tackifier and filler additional to glass beads in an
amount of 0 to about 150%, all percentages being by volume based on the volume
of rubbery polymer.
9. A composition according to claim 7 in which the glass beads have an
average particle size of 10 to 50 microns.
10. A composition according to claim 7 in which the amount of glass
beads is from about 5 to about 50% by volume based on the volume of rubbery
polymer.
11. A composition according to claim 7 in which the amount of glass
beads is from 5 to 30% by volume based on the volume of rubbery polymer.
12. A composition according to claim 7 in which the filler consists
substantially only of glass beads.
13. A composition according to claim 7 in which the filler comprises
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0.05 to 2 parts by volume glass beads per 1 part by volume of other inorganic
particulate filler.
14. A composition according to claim 13 in which the total amount of
filler is from about 20 to about 175% based on the volume of the rubbery polymer.
15. A composition according to claim 13 in which the total amount of
filler is from about 50 to about 125% by volume based on the rubbery polymer.
16. A composition according to claim 7 in which the polymer has a Mooney
viscosity <IMG> of from 20 to 200.
17. A composition according to claim 7 in which the rubbery polymer is
selected from styrene butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene block copolymers,
polybutadiene, styrene acrylic copolymers, butadiene acrylonitrile copolymers,
polyvinylidene chloride and butyl rubber.
18. A composition according to claim 7 in which the rubbery copolymer
is a styrene butadiene rubber.
19. A composition according to claim 7 additionally including a tacki-
fier resin in an amount of 15 to 200% by volume based on the volume of rubbery
polymer.
20. A composition according to claim 7 comprising 100 parts by volume
styrene butadiene rubber, 15 to 200 parts by volume tackifier resin, 5 to 50
parts by volume glass beads having an average particle size of 10 to 50 microns
and 10 to 100 parts by volume other inorganic particulate filler.
21. A composition according to claim 7 in which the liquid medium is
an organic liquid and at least part of the rubbery polymer is dissolved in the
organic liquid.
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22. A composition according to claim 7 in which the liquid medium is
an aqueous medium in which the rubbery polymer is dispersed.
23. A method of sealing a container closure to a container comprising
lining the sealing face of the closure with a composition (which is not a
polymer latex) which is a liquid medium in which a solid rubbery polymer has
been dissolved or dispersed and in which has been dispersed a filler including
an effective amount of crush resistant glass beads having a particle size of
about 1 to about 200 microns, drying the composition to form a gasket and
then compressing the sealing face of the closure around the end of the container
and thereby sealing the closure to the container with the gasket within the
seal.
24. A method according to claim 23 in which the container is a can and
the closure is a top or bottom can end.
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Description

i~'74;~9~L
This invention relates to sealing compositions sui~able for seal-
ing container closures such as top or bottom end closures of cans or replace-
able or non-replaceable caps for jars or bottles. The compositions can be used
for other sealing purposes but, for clarity, since they are formulated to meet
the particular requirements of can and o~her container closure seals the
invention is described solely in terms of compositions for sealing container
closures.
Traditional container and sealing compositions have comprised a
liquid medium in which has been dispersed or dissolved solid rubber or other
polymeric material and which includes also fillers, tackifying resin and other
additives. Some or all of these additives may have been milled into the solid
polymer. The solid polymer may previously have been formed by coagulation of,
for instance, rubber latex.
The liquid medium may be aqueous, for instance as in United States
- Patent Specification No. 3,4~9,567, the product then being a dispersion of the
polymer. The liquid medium may be organic, for instance as in British Patent
Specification No. 1,340,730, the product then being a solution, or a mixture of
a solution and a dispersion of the polymer.
The liquid composition is applied to one at least of the mating
surfaces of the closure and the sealing face of the container, generally to the
closure, and is then dried on the surface. The closure is pressed onto the
sealing face of the container so as to grip the container firmly and the
;~ composition provides a seal between the container and the closure. It is
necessary that the composition should have appropriate rheological and other
physical properties. For instance when applied to can ends it should flow
adequately during sealing so as to distribute itself over the mating surfaces,
but preEerably it does not flow to such an extent that significant extrusion

1~7~
of the composition occurs along the walls of the can.
The seal provided by the composition should prevent ingress of
bacteria. Generally it should also prevent loss of liquid, vacuum or gas.
ln recent years there has been increased interest in sealing com-
positions based on a latex of a rubbery polymer and into which has been
dispersed filler and other additives. However there is still a great need to
be able to formulate the traditional types of compositions, that are based on
solid polymers in such a way that they will reliably meet these requirements
using readily available and economically attractive materials.
Typical fillers that have been used in the described dispersion or
solution compositions include kaolin, talc, zinc oxide and calcium carbonate.
Generally the amount of filler must not be too high or else the sealing proper-
ties are impaired.
A wide variety of other fillers have been proposed in the literature,
including the patent specifications identified above. Also glass powder is
included in a long list of fillers in British Patent Specification No. 1,566,924,
which relates solely to latex based compositions. However glass powder is
always obtained by crushing glass and so would inevitably cause very heavy wear
of the nozzles by which the liquid composition is deposited onto the closure
and so has not been adopted commercially.
In United States Patent Specification No. 3,409,567 it is mentioned
that micro-balloons can be included for the purpose of making a porous layer.
It has been our object to modify the content of sealing compositions
for sealing container ends and obtained by dispersing or dissolving solid
polymer in a liquid medium in such a way that either the seal is improved or the
amounts of either the rubber or other polymeric material or the tackifying resin,
or both, can be reduced without reducing the sealing properties. It has also
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been our object to provide methods of sealing containers using such composit-
ions, and to provide sealed containers.
A sealed container according to the invention has a closure sealed
to it by a seal that includes a gasket formed of a rubbery polymer in which is
dispersed filler including crush resistant glass beads having a particle size
of 1 to 200 microns. The sealed container may be fully sealed, for instance
being a jar or a one piece can or a can sealed at both ends, or it may be a
can that has a closure sealed to its one end but which is open at the other.
Such a sealed container can be formed from a container and a con-
tainer closure in conventional manner~ Thus the sealing face of the closure
is lined with a liquid composition comprising rubbery polymer and a dispersion
of the filler, the composition is dried to form a gasket, and the sealing face
of the closure is compressed around the end of the container thereby sealing
the closure to the sealing face with the gasket within the seal.
When the container is a bottle this gasket is trapped between the
sealing face of the rim of the bottle and the overlying closure. Preferably
however the container is a can in which even the gasket is trapped in the
double seam formed in conventional manner by compressing the outer periphery
of the container closure around an outwardly extending flange of the side wall
and then pressing the flange and the closure periphery against the side wall
of the container generally in a single operation.
We have found that the inclusion of glass beads does, as a general-
ity, result in improved sealing properties compared to the same composition in
which an equivalent volume oE other filler (such as kaolin) is used in place of
the glass beads, especially when the liquid medium is an organic solvent in
which part at least oE the rubber polymer is dissolved. A number of sealing
tests are used in the industry and are recognized as being meaningful and by
t Saying
,~
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that the sealing properties are improved we mean that the number of cans ~hat
fail a meaningful sealing test will be reduced. In some instances there may
be no improvement in the results of some sealing tests but improvements in
other tests will show that, despite this, there is a useful practical impr~ve-
ment.
The beads must be crush resistant, that is to say they must have
sufficient strength to resist any risk of crushing during the sealing use to
which the composition is to be subjected. Thus in a can end sealing composition
the beads must have sufficient strength that they will not crush in the seal.
The beads can be hollow, provided the walls are sufficiently strong to resist
crushing but generally are solid. The beads may be ovoid in shape but pre-
ferably are substantially spherical. The particle size range of the beads is
generally about 1 to about 100 microns, most preferably about 10 to 75 microns.
The average particle size is generally about 5 to 100 microns, most preferably
about 50 microns, with best results generally being achieved with an average
size of about 20 to 50 microns.
The glass beads are preferably formed of soda glass, most preferably
of "A" type glass. The beads have preferably been made by solidification of
molten glass droplets and may have been treated by a fire polishing process,
in conventional manner. Their surface may be untreated, i.e. in the form
obtained by fire polishing, or they may have been given a surface coating of
a variety of materials provided the surface coating does not interact with
other components in the composition in such a way as to reduce significantly
the sealing properties of the composition. For instance although many silane
surface coatings can be tolerated in many compositions, it may be undesirable
to incorporate a mercapto silane if the polymer of the composition is capable
of being vulcanised by sulphur, as the mercapto silane may then react so strongly
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with the polymer as to interfere with the desired sealing properties.
Throughout this specification amounts of components of the composi-
tion, including amounts of glass beads and other fillers, are expressed
as amounts by volume based on the volume of rubbery polymer, unless otherwise
specified. For instance 10% glass beads means 10 volumes beads per 100 volumes
rubbery polymer.
The amount of glass beads in the composition should be sufficient
to give an improvement and is usually more than 0.7%. Generally the amount is
below about 1O0%J and normally below about 50%, since greater amounts tend not
to give significant further improvement. Generally the amount is at least
about 3% and preferably at least about 5%. Generally the amount is up to about
30%. Typically the amount may be from about 5 to 50%, most preferably about
5 to 30%. If the amount is too low there will be no advantageous effect from
the incorporation of the glass beads.
The filler may consist substantially only of glass beads, with the
result that the composition may contain no significant amounts of other fillers
although it may include fillers that are present primarily for their pigmentary
purposes, for instance titanium dioxide which may be present in amounts of up
to about 10 or 15%.
Good results are also obtained when the filler does include parti-
culate inorganic material other than glass beads and this is generally preferred.
The material other than glass may be present in an amount of about 0 to 150%
(based on the volume of rubbery polymer), generally about 10 to 100% and prc-
ferably about 50 to 100%. Preferably the composition includes about 0.05 to
2 parts, most preferably about 0.1 to 1 part, by volume glass beads per part
by volume other inorganic particulate filler.
~lthough the total volume of filler, including glass beads, can be
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similar to that conventionally used in commercial sealing compositions, for
instance 25 to 45%, a particular advantage of the invention is that larger
amounts of total filler may be used while still obtaining satisfactory sealing
properties. For instance the total amount of filler, including glass beads,
is usually at least about 20% (by volume based on the volume of rubbery poly-
mer) and can be up to about 175%, for instance about 50 to 125%.
Titanium dioxide or other pigmentary filler (for instance carbon
black) generally has a particle size below 5 microns but other particulate
inorganic fillers that may be used in the invention generally have a particle
size of from 1 to 50 microns. The filler should be substantially non-abrasive,
so that it does not cause wear to the machinery by which the composition is
mixed and lined onto the can or other end, and so materials such as crushed
glass should not be used.
The preferred filler is kaolin or china clay or zinc oxide but
other fillers include colloidal silica and other silicic fillers, synthetic
silicate, calcium carbonate or sulphate, aluminium hydroxide, talc, dolomite,
barium sulphate, or magnesium oxide or carbonate or silicate. Such fillers may
have been surface treated, for instance in conventional manner.
Instead of modifying the colour of the composition by including
particulate pigment some other colouring material, for instance a soluble dye,
may be included.
The composition is formed from a rubbery polymer, that is to say a
polymer that, when dried, forms a gaslcet that is sufficiently flexible and
resistant to be capable of serving as a seal. Preferably the Mooney viscosity
(~L10~0 C) is generally from 20 to 200, preferably 40 to 160. The rubbery
polymer may be a natural polymer, for instance natural rubber, or a modified
natural rubber such as styrene-modified or chlorinated or may be a synthetic
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polymer. Suitable synthetic rubbery polymers include butyl rubber, epichloro-
hydrin rubber, propylene oxide rubber, polychloroprene, butadiene acrylonitrile
copolymers, ethylene propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers,
styrene isoprene olock copolymers, polybutadiene, styrene acrylic copolymers,
polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene chloride copolymers, plasticised
polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride copolymers, plasticised polyvinyl acet-
ate, polyvinyl acet~te copolymers, plasticised polyvinyl propionate, polyvinyl
propionate copolymers, polyacrylic acid copolymers, polymethylacrylic acid
copolymers, acrylic ester copolymers, methacrylic ester copolymers, plasticised
polystyrene, vinyl Qcetate copolymers with for instance ethylene, styrene buta-
diene block copolymers, styrene butadiene rubbers solution polymerised or
emulsion polymerised, carboxylated styrene butadiene copolymers and liquid
cross-linkable elastomers and plastomers. Blends may be used. Compositions
based on vulcanisable polymers may include vulcanising agent. Naturally the
rubbery polymer will be chosen having regard to, for instance, the type of com-
position that is being used for forming the seal. The preferred polymers are
styrene butadiene rubbers having a styrene content of 15 to 60% preferably 18 to
45% by weight. They may have been made by any convenient polymerisation method,
and thus may have been made by hot or cold polymerisation techniques.
Tackifier resins are generally included in can sealing compositions
and they may be included in the compositions used in the invention. Ilowever
because of the improved sealing properties obtained by the use of glass beads
satisfactory results can often be obtained without a tackifier resin in the
invention. Instead of using a tackifier rcsin a liquid plasticiser, such as
white oil or other hydrocarbon boil, that softens the polymer may be used in
amounts of for instance l to 60%, preferably 5 to 40%.
Best results are generally obtained when tackifier resin is included.
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11743~1
Suitable materials are well known and are generally selected from synthetic
hydrocarbon or petroleum resins, polyterpene resins, phenolic resin modified
with natural resins such as rosin or terpene, xylene formaldehyde resin and
modified products thereof, and esterified rosins or other rosin type resins such
as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, or hardened rosin. The amount of tackifier is
generally at least 10% (by volume of rubbery polymer) but less than 250% and
preferably less than 200%. Generally the amount is at least 15%.
The composition may be applied in the form of a melt consisting of
the rubbery polymer and filler (including glass~ and other optional additives.
~or instance the glass beads and filler may be mixed into the polymer while it
is soft and the mass then fully melted before application to the closure.
The composition may be applied in the form of an organosol of the
rubbery polymer, filler (including glass beads), plasticiser, organic solvent
and other optional additives.
Both these compositions may be made from solid polymer. Preferably
however the composition is a liquid medium in which solid rubbery polymer has
been dispersed or dissolved and in which is dispersed the filler including glass
beads. These compositions are novel. The liquid medium may be aqueous or
organic.
Aqueous compositions will contain at least one stabiliser for
stabilising the dispersion of rubber and filler. This stabiliser may be selected
from any of the materials conventionally used for stabilising sealing composi-
tions based on filled polymer latices. Such stabilisers include styrene maleic
anhydride or other styrene copolymers, methyl cellulose, polyacrylamide,
ethoxylate condensates, polyvinyl pyrolidone, ammonium oleate, and casein.
Such stabilisers may be uscd in admixture for instance with other materials.
Organic compositions will contain one or more organic solvents in
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which some or all o~ the r~lbbery polymer will dissolve, any remaining polymer
going into dispersion.
Suitable organic liquids which may be employed in preparing organic
compositions include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example 3-methyl-
heptane, hexane, heptane~ xylene and toluene; chlorinated hydrocarbons, such
as dichloropentane; ketones; ethers, ether-alcohols, and miYtures of these
and other volatile organic liquids which together form media as known in the
art for the selected elastomers.
The amount of organic or aqueous liquid used will depend on the
maximum total solids concentration obtainable in the final composition consis-
tent with solubility of the polymer, ease in preparing the composition, storage
stability of the composition, and application of the composition to the can end
using high speed automatic lining equipmem. In general, the amount of solvent
or water employed i5 such as to yield a composition havin~ a solids content of
from 20% to 85% by weight or more usually 30 to 75% when the liquid medium is
an organic solvent.
The compositions may include minor amounts, e.g. up to 1% or at
most 5% by volume, of other addi*ives that are conventional in sealing composi-
tions, such as viscosity increasing agents (~or instance ammonium alginate,
bentonite or gwn karaya or high molecular weight polyacrylic acid), surfactants,
anti-oxidants (for instance phenolic or amino anti-oxidants), corrosion in-
hibitors, pll adjusters ~for instance alllmonia, primary amines, sodlun~ hydroxide
or sodium carbonate) and bactericides.
Preferred compositions formed ~rom solid rubbcry polymer are basecl
on orgallic solvents. They are generally made by blcllding the solid rubbcr with
fillcr and optional additives such as anti-oxidants in an internal m;xer, for
*
instance a Banbury mixcr. Thc solid rull)er stoc~ thus obtaillcd is con~linutccl
_ 9
* Trade Mark
.

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and dissolved in the chosen solvent or solvent mixture in conventional manner.
If tackifying resin is to be introduced it may be added to the solvent or it
may be blended into the solid rubber stock.
Aqueous dispersions may be made by milling the solid rubber with
filler and other optional additives, including also generally any tackifying
resin, using an internal mixer, for instance a Banbury mixer, so as to form
a rubber stock. This rubber stock is then dispersed in water in conventional
manner, for instance using a Z-blade type of mixer. Additional components,
for instance thickening agent and more water, may be added to the dispersion
to alter its consistency. Instead of including all the major additives in
the rubber stock some may be added to the dispersion. For instance the rubber
may be milled with some of the additives and then dispersed in water and other
major additives introduced at this stage. For instance the glass beads may be
added to the aqueous dispersion obtained by dispersing solid rubber and option-
ally some of the filler.
Instead of using compositions formed from solid polymers, the com-
positions may be made by mixing glass beads, and optionally other filler, into
a latex of a rubbery polymer often in the presence of optional minor additives
such as those described above and known to those skilled in the art. Such
compositions and their preparation are described in detail and are claimed in
our copending application No. 388,080 filed October 16, 1981.
Some non-limiting examples of the invention are now given.
In these sealing properties are identified by two 6ets of quantita-
tive values which are referred to as "biological seal" and "sterili~ation
extrusion". These are recorded as follows:
"Biological seal". The Composition is lined into can closure
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(often termed can ends) and dried in conventional manner, the amount of the
compositions being such as to give the dry film volume generally recommended
for the particular size. Cans having a soldered side seam are then filled with
a hot liquid nutrient, typically at a temperature of 97C., leaving a small
headspace. The test closures are double seamed onto these filled cans whilst
simultaneously injecting steam into the headspace. The closed cans are then
sterilised, typically at 121C for 30 minutes, and after sterilisation are
immediately cooled in water containing gas-producing, non-pathogenic micro-
organisms capable of growth in the aforementioned nutrient. After cooling and
whilst still wet with the cooling water, the cans are subjected to a controlled
deformation at the junction of the side seam and the double seam of the test
closure. After incubation for six days at an elevated temperature optimum for
the growth of the micro-organism, followed by one day at ambient temperature,
the cans are examined visually and the number of swollen cans recorded. The
retained vacuum in the remaining cans is measured. Cans having a low retained
vacuum and the swollen cans are considered to have reached this condition
through failure of the seal in the test closure. The swollen and low vacuum
cans are termed failures and the "biological seal" value is the failure rate
expressed as the number of such cans per thousand tested. Because of the pro-
cedures used the number of failed cans per thousand in this biological seal test
is of course very much greater than that which would occur with commercially
packed cans sealed with these compositions.
; "Sterilisation extrusion". The composition is lined into can
closures and dried, in conventional manner, the amount of the composition being
such as to give a dry film volume approximately 20% greater than that generally
recommended with the particular closure size. Cans are Eilled with water at
typically 70C to leave no headspace and test closures are double seamed onto
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these filled cans. The closed cans are then sterilised typically at 130DC for
one hour and allowed to cool to room temperature before examination. The
number of protrusions of compound from the double seam along the outside wall
of the can body at the test closure are counted, typically on a sample of 10
cans for each composition. Large protrusions are counted as appropriate mul-
tiples of the typical, more commonly occurring, small protrusions. The average
number of protrusions per can is recorded as the value for "extrusion". This
value should be as low as possible, preferably below 10 under the conditions
of the test. Ilo~lever, because of the extrerne conditions of the test, greater
values than this are commercially tolerable.
Since the extrusion and biological seal results will vary according
to, for instance, variable conditions under which the tests are carried out
comparisons should, in general, be made only between results within a single
example. It is desirable that the '`biological seal" and "sterilisation
extrusion" values should be as low as possible. The following examples show
that the inclusion of glass beads generally reduces the values, thus demonstrat-
ing improved sealing, in comparative compositions and that good sealing per-
formance can be obtained even when, for instance, the composition contains
widely ranging proportions of ingredients and widely differing ingredients.
In each of the examples the filler consists of the glass beads (if
present) and the stated inorganic particulate material (if present) which
generally has a particle size of 1 to 50 microns although TiO2 may have a
particle size down to 0.1 u. Unless otherwise stated the glass beads are forrned
Erom molten soda glass and unless otherwise stated the beads have particle sizes
between 1 and 53 microns, with an average particle sizc of about 35 microns.
In each of the examples the rubbery polymer is supplied with minor
amounts of conventional additives known to those skilled in the art and is
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combined with the specified amounts of titanium dioxide, filler~ and tackifier
(when present). In each of the examples the amount of organic solvent or water
is selected so that the composition has a solids content, and therefore a
viscosity, suitable for the apparatus being used for depositing the composition
on the can closure. ~enerally it is from 30 to 75% by weight.
In each example the composition is lined onto the can closure, dried,
and then tested in the described manner.
In each of exarnples 1 to 8 all the stated ingredients, including
solid rubbery polymer, are milled together in conventional manner on a Banbury
mixer to form a filled rubber stock. This is then comminuted and distributed
in an organic solvent in conventional manner with stirring to form a stable
dispersion or solution.
In Ex~mple 9 filled solid rubber stock is formed and then dispersed
in water in conventional manner.
In Examples 10 to 13 the compositions are made by mixing the filler
and tackifier into a latex of the rubbery polymer.
~ All quantities are expressed as parts by volume unless stated other-
wise, except that the content of styrene in styrene butadiene rubbers and the
solids content of latices are expressed as percentages by weight.
Examples 1 to 4
These are formulated from
Commercial grade hexane
Polyterpene tackifier resin (mp 115C)
2 Titanium dioxide
100 Ruhbery polymer
Filler

1~74391
In Examples 1 and 2 the rubbery polymer is
67.5 ~utyl rubber ~isobutylene-isoprene copolymer~
32.5 SBR containing 44 % styrene and having a
Mooney viscosity of 55 - 75
In Example 3 the rubbery polymer is an ethylene propylene rubber
having a Mooney value of 35 - 40. In Example 4 the rubber polymer is a styrene
butadiene block copolymer having a styrene content of 30% and the solvent is
toluene instead of hexane.
The following results are obtained.
Test Filler Tacki- Biological Sterilisation
fier Seal Extrusion
lA 7 Synthetic Silicate
+ 22 Kaolin 50 360 0.0
lB 7 Glass beads
+ 22 Kaolin 50 255 0.1
lC 7 Synthetic Silicate
~ 22 Glass beads 50 125 0.1
lD 29 Glass beads 50 l9Q O.0
2A 7 Synthetic Silicate
+ 22 Kaolin 50 225 11.5
2B 16 Kaolin 11.5 Glass Beads 44.5 145 6.2
2C 34 Kaolin 11.5 Glass Beads 44.5 130 0.8
2D 16 Kaolin 11.5 Glass Beads 67 130 0.8
2E 34 Kaolin 11.5 Glass Beads 67 180 1.9
¦ 3A 15 Kaolin 0 Glass Beads 41 95 59.8
3B 0 Kaolin 15 Glass Beads 41 45 69.8
4A 16.5 Kaolin 0 Glass beads 45 35 0.4
4B ~ 6.5 Glass Beads 45 8.6
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Example 5
Commercial Crade Acetone
100 Butadiene Acrylonitrile rubber
3 Titanium dioxide
2 Zinc Oxide
35.5 Sta~ilised ester of wood rosin
43.5 Filler
Test Filler Biological Sterilisation
_ Seal Extrusion
5A 25.5 Kaolin
18 Calcium Carbonate 370 0.0
.~5B 25.5 Glass ~eads
18 Calcium Carbonate 90 0.2
. 5C 25.5 Kaolin
. 18 Glass Beads 60 0.0
SD 43.5 Glass Beads 25 0.5
Examples 6 to 8
10These are formulated from
Commercial grade hexane
Tackifiers
3 Titanium dioxide
Filler
: 100 Rubbery polymer
In Example 6 the rubbery polymer is 70 parts hot polymerised styrene
- butadiene ruhber having 23~ bound styrene and a Mooney value as defined above
of 50 - 58, and 30 parts hot polymerised styrene butadiene rubber having 43"0
styrene and a Mooney value of 40 - 50.
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In Example 7 the rubbery poly~er is 50 parts cold polymerised sty-
rene butadiene rubber having 23-~ bound styrene and a ~ooney value as defined
above of 50 - 54, and 50 parts hot polymerised styrene butadiene rubber having
43% bound styrene and a Mooney value of 40 - 50.
In Example 8 the rubbery polymer is 63 parts solution polymerised
97% CIS content polybutadiene having a Mooney value as defined above of 45, 37
parts hot polymerised styrene butadiene having a styrene content of ~3% and a
Mooney value of 40 - 50.
The following results are obtained.
10Test Kaolin Glass Pentaery- llydro- Biolo- Sterili-
Beads thritol carbon gical sation
ester of resin seal Extrusion
wood rosi _ tackifier
6A 36 9.5 33.5 35.5 110 8.8
6B 36 9.5 56.0 58.5 205 9.5
6C 22.523.5 33.5 35.5 75 2.2
6D 22.523.5 56.0 58.5 80 2.7
7A 53 0 60.5 63.5 550 17.8
7B 25 28 60.5 63.5 290 12.5
8A 35 0 55.5 58 660 79.8
8s 10 25 55.5 58 170 22.2
~xample 9
Water
100 Styrene butadiene rubber containing
44% styrene and having a Mooney value as
defined of 70 - 90
24 Hydrogenated methyl ester of wood rosin
11 Maleic anhydride adduct of glyercol cster of
of wood rosin mp 120C
11.5 Clycerol ester of wood rosin mp 90C
12 Casein
Filler
- 16 -

:~'7~
Test Filler I Biological Sterilization
__ _ _ _ I Seal Ext~usion
9A 14.4 zinc Oxide 105 55
9B 13.7 zinc Oxide
0.7 Glass Beads 35 52
9C 13.0 Zinc Oxide
1.4 Glass Beads 70 51.5
9D 10.8 zinc Oxide
3.5 Glass Beads 35 45.4
9E 7.2 Zinc Oxide
7.2 Glass Beads 45 40.6
9F 14.3 Glass Beads 5 51
9G 14.4 Zinc Oxide
¦ 5.9 Glass Beads* 1 35 56.7
-
*In test 9G the glass beads were mixed into the dispersion formed by dispers-
ing in water the rubber-zinc-oxide stock.
~3