Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~ ~7 ~
CONNECTOR FOR A BATTERY TER~INAL
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BACKGROUND OF THE I~VENTION
1 While the fclbrication of electrical connectors
from sheet material, say ductile copper or the like, is
well known, there have not been provided satisfactory con-
nectors of sheet material for use with battery terminal
posts, say of the automotive type. Heretofore it was
necessary to employ die cast terminals for connection
to battery posts, which suffered certain difficulties, such
as reduced current trans~er efficiency, fracture ~rom lack
of ductilitv, and others.
10 As examples of the prior art of which applicant
is aware, there are the below listed patents:
U.S. PATENT NO. NAME
. .,
1,789,951 TERRELL ET AL
1,920,608 THOr~SON
15 2,058,787 GREGER
3,000,998 WIORA
3,181,110 WATERS
3,706,955 BUNNELL
~7'1'~
. . .
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1 SU~MARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an important object of the present invention
to provide a connector for battery terminal posts which
may be essentially entirely fabricated o~ hiqhly
conductive materia~, such as copper or the like, to
achieve imProved electrical results, and which mav be
mass procluced by eyelet forminq and stampina techniques
to e~fect substantial savinqs in manufacturinq costs.
It is another object o~ the present invention to
provide a battery terminal post connector of the type
described which includes a tubular extension solderable
or crimpable, or both, with respect to a battery cable.
It is a ~urther object of the present invention to
provide a batterv terminal post connector havinq the
advantaqeous characteristics mentioned in the precedinq
paraaraphs, which may be ~abricated as a one-piece
integral product for maximum electrical eficiency,
durabilitv and simplicity- or which mav be ~abricated
o~ separate, attached components, for conveniently
adaptable connection for posts and cables of di~ferent
sizes.
It is a more particular object of the present
invention to provide a battery terminal post connector
which may be selectively fabricated of flat, sheet
material, or of tubular material, as desired, and which
in one embodiment maY enqage snugly over a terminal post
to e~fect qood electrical connection and a sealinq
enqaqement therewith to prolonq the effectiveness of
electrical connection.
other objects of the present invention will become
apparent upon readinq the followinq speci~ication and
referrinq to the accompanying drawinqs, which form a
material Part o~ this disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ~RAr~INGS
Fiqure 1 is a perspective view showinq a connector
for a battery post in accordance with the teachinas o~
~7~s3~3
1 the present invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken
generally along the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a top perspective view showing a slightly
modified battery post of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken
thxough a symmetrical center line of a slightly modified
battery post connector in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention.
E'igure 5 is a top perspective view showing still
another modification of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view taken
through a symmetrical center line showing another slightly
modified battery post connector of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a top perspective view showing a further
embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view taken
generally along the line 8-8 of Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a transversely sectional view taken
generally along the line 9-9 of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a top perspective view showing a battery
post terminal of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 3, but showing
the components exploded for clarity of understanding.
Figure 1~ is a sectional elevational view taken
generally along the line 12-12 of Figure 10.
Figure 13 is a side elevational view showing a
slgihtly modified embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to
Figure 12, but showing a further variant of the present
invention.
Figure 15 is a top perspective view showing a battery
terminal construction for connection to a terminal post,
which illustrates features of the instant invention.
Figure 16 is a longitudinal sectional view taken
generally along the line 16-16 of Figure 15, and adding in
1 phantom a battery terminal post.
Figure 17 and 18 are sectional views similar to
Figure 16, but illustrating commercially varying
tolerances of battery posts in operative relation to the
connector cap oE the instant invention.
Figure 19 is a longitudinal sectional view similar
to Figure 16, showing another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 20 is a longitudinal sectional view showing
still a further embodiment of the instant invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, and
specifically to Figure 1 thereof, a connector is there
generally designated 10, particularly adapted for a battery
terminal post of an automotive type battery (not shown).
The connector may be integrally fabricated of a single
sheet of electrically conductive material, such as ETP
copper or equivalent, for its well known advantageous
characteristics the connector 10 may include a receiver
11 for a battery terminal post, and outstanding from the
receiver a terminal extension, tube or barrel 12 for
connection to a battery cable, or the like, as by crimping,
soldering, or both.
More specifically, the connector 10 is formed of an
elongate strip having its medial portion arcuately
bent into a bight region 16 having an arcuate extent of
more than 180 and less than 360, say roughly approximate-
ly 300. From the ends of the arcuate or bight portion
16 may extend integral tabs or end portions 17 in parallel
spaced facing relation with respect to each other. The
tabs or end portions 17 are each formed with a through
opening or hole 18, which holes may be in substantial
alignment with each other.
Extending along the longitudinal, upper and lower
edges of the strip 15 are upper and lower flanges 19.
The flanges 19 are each coextensive with the strip 15~
including arcuate flange portions 20 extending along upper
1 and lower edges of the arcuate intermediate bight region
16; and generally straight upper and lower flange portions
21 extending along the upper and lower edges of extension
or legs 17. The arcuate flange portions 20 extend radially
outwardly from the bight region 16 to leave the interior
of the bight region generally cylindrical and the flange
portions 21 extend outwardly from respective legs 17,
to leave the legs generally flat on their inner or facing
sides.
The arcuate strip portion or bight 16 is formed
integrally therewith, generally opposite to the legs
or tabs 17 with the tubular extension or barrel 12. As
best seen in Figure 2, the barrel or tube 12 projects
from the arcuate strip portion 16, radially outwardly,
diametrically oppositely with respect to the legs 17.
The barrel or tube 12 may be of generally cylindrical
configuration, formed from the material of the strip 12
to define an open ended tube, and may have its radially
outer end flared, as at 25. More specifically, the tube
or barrel 12 may be spaced vertically between the lower
and upper arcuate flange portions 20, and project
generally radially outwardly normal to the axis of the
cylindrical formation of the bight region 16.
In use, a battery cable, conductor or wire may extend
inwardly through the outer barrel end 25 into the barrel
12 and be conductively secured therein, as by solder,
crimping, or both. The connector 10 may then be arranged
with its receiver 11 receiving a battery terminal post,
the strip bight 16 embracing the battery terminal post,
and suitable fastener means such as a bolt and nut may
engage through openings 18 of legs 17 to urge the
latter together. In this manner, the receiver 11 will
bind in good electrical connection with a battery
terminal post; and, the flange portions 21 of one leg 17
may nonrotatably retain a nut for easy tightening and
loosening of a fastener through the holes 18.
1 Referring now to Figure 3, an embodiment of connector
in accordance with the teachings of the present invention
is there generally designated 10a, and may be fabricated
of a single integral length of tube stock, such as tubing
of electrolytic tough pitch copper, or equivalent. The
tubing 15a is, of course, conductive sheet material. One
end portion of the tubing 15a remains tubular, as at 12a,
to define a barrel opening outwardly, as through a flared
end 25a, to receive a battery cable 30.
The other end reglon of the tube 15a is shaped to
define a transversely openlng receiver lla, for reception
of an electrical connection to a battery terminal post
31
More specifically, the material of tube 15a, except
that employed in the barrel 12a, has opposite wall portions
32 and 33 flattened or deformed into facing engagement
with each other. The distal end portion of the facing,
engaging walls 32, 33 is deformed or drawn into a cup-
shaped receptacle defining receiver lla. The cup-shaped
receiver lla is defined of a generally frusto-conical
side wall 35 tapering toward and terminating at its
smaller end in an end wall 36. Extending from the open
end or mouth of the cup-shaped receiver lla, generally
coplanar therewith is a two-ply intermediate portion or
section 37 connecting the receiver to the barrel 12a.
As is well known, battery terminal posts conven-
tionally taper upwardly or outwardly to their free ends.
The internal taper of receiver or cup lla is of narrower
angle than that of the terminal posts, so that the
mouth region 38 of the cup lla is adapted for snug,
frictional circumposition about and good electrical
connection with the battery terminal posts. Also, this
peripheral receiver-post engagement provides an effective
seal to the interior of the receiver, to minimize the
effects of corrosive atmosphere. In addition, fastener
means, such as a set screw 40 may engage threadedly through
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1 the side wall 35 of receiver lla into holding engagement
with the terminal post 31.
obviously, the one-piece connector lOa is capable
of economic mass production to achieve highly satisfactory
operational characteristics and substantial economy in
cost
Another modified embodiment of the present invention
is shown in Figure 5, wherein a connector is generally
designated lOb, for use in connecting a battery cable 30
to a battery terminal post 31 The connector lOb may
include a barrel 12b for crimped and/or soldered connection
to the cable 30, and connected to the barrel 12b a receiver
llb for embracing engagement with and electrical connection
to the terminal post 31.
The barrel 12b may be fabricated from a length of
copper tubing 15b, having one end open, as at 25b, and its
other end portion closed, as by flattening of opposite wall
regions into facing engagement with each other, as at 37b
The receiver llb may be separate from the barrel 12b
in the embodiment of Figure 5, being formed of a single
thickness of suitable copper sheet material into a cup-
shaped configuration having a closed end wall 36b and a
peripheral side wall 35b of frusto-conical configuration
and flaring outwardly or downwardly to an open end 38b.
Generally flush with the open receiver end 28b, there may
extend radially therefrom a flange or wall portion 42
into overlying relation with the flattened wall portion
37b extending from the barrel 12b. The flange or mouth
extension 42 of the receiver llb and the underlying wall
portion 37b of the barrel 12b are suitably secured
together, as by a rivet 43 to maintain the receiver llb
and barrel 12b in electrically connected relation, w~iile
permitting of relative swinging movement or articulation
therebetween. Further, the receiver or cup llb is
advantageously selected of a suitable gauge for optimum
mechanical and electrical connection to the received
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r~
1 terminal post 31, while the tube stock of barrel 12b is
selected for its optimum electrical and mechanical
connection to a particular cable size or range of cable
sizes. As in the embodiment of Figure 3, the receiver
llb of Figure 5 flares toward its open end or mouth 38b
having an angle of taper less than that of the terminal
post 31, for effectlve sealing mechanical and electrical
connection o the receiver mouth 38b circumferentially
about the battery terminal post 31. Of course, in both
the embodiments of Figures 3 and 5, the depth or height
of the receivers or cups lla and llb is sufficient to per-
mit of the tight engagement about the post, without limit-
ing engagement of the cup end wall with the post.
Referring now to Figures 7-9, a further embodiment
of the present invention is there generally designated lOc,
wherein a barrel or tube 12c may be separate and secured
to a cup-shaped receiver llc, extending radially there-
from.
The barrel or tube 12c may have its radially inner
end closed, as at 50, and its outer end open, as at 25c, for
receiving a conductor 30,in electrical and mechanical
connection therewith.
I'he receiver llc may be formed of a single thickness
of suitable copper sheet material into a cup-shaped
configuration havinq a closed small-end wall 36c and a
peripheral side wall 35c of frusto-conical configuration
and flaring outwardly or downwardly to the open end 3$c.
Generally flush with the open receiver end 38c, there may
extend radially therefrom a flange or wall portion 51
having upstanding sides or lips 52 defining an upwardly
facing channel. The channel 51 extends generally
radially outwardly from the lower, wider open end of the
receiver llc, and receives the lower inner region of the
tube or barrel 12c. Further, the tube or barrel 21c is
fixedly secured in the channel 51 by suitable means, such
as welding or brazing 53.
4 ~
1 In addition to the efective frictional taper fit of
receiver llc over terminal posts 31c, the receiver may be
further fastened to the post by a screw fastener 40c
extending downwardly through the upper receiver wall 36c
and threadedly into a bore or hole 54 opening upwardly from
the terminal post.
In the embodiments of Figures 3-9, as the internal
taper of the cups is o~ an angle less than the external
taper of the battery posts, the contact between each cup
and post assumes an angular, circumferential area defining
a circular seal closing the lower end of each cup. If
desired, an angular, compressible washer or seal may be
circumposed about the lower or base region of each
battery post, being there compressed between the battery
top wall and larger end of the cup, to further protect
the cup-to-post contact area from adverse environmental
effects.
Referring now more particularly to Figures 10-12, a
battery post terminal is there generally designated 110,
and may be advantageously fabricated of ductile conductive
material, such as copper or the like. The terminal 110
includes a shell, cover or inverted cup 111 which may
be drawn or otherwise suitably formed of sheet copper
having an internal configuration tapered for snug
frcitional engagement with a battery post.
In addition, an apertured lug or eye 112 may be
circumposed about the cap or cup 111 and provided with a
radial extension 113 terminating at its outer end in a
cable connector or barrel 114.
More particularly, the cap or cup 111 may include a
generally circular end wall or closure 116, about which
extends a circumferential side wall 117 which flares in
the direction away from end wall 116. That is, the
circumferential or side wall 117 is configured as the
frustum of a cone, and terminates at an open,larger end
118. Extending circumferentially about the open, larger
--10--
1 end of:cup side wall 117 is a radially outstanding
circumferential rim, brim or flange 119. As relatively
little stress is applied to the cup 111, relatively
light gauge material may be employed at a substantial
savings in cost, without sacrifice in quality of per-
formance.
The lug 112, radial extension 113 and cable connector
114 are advantageously integrally fabri.cated and of
greater thickness than the cup 111 for withstanding the
stresses imposed by a cable and any relative movement
between the cable and battery post. As in the illustrat~d
embodiment, the integral lug, extension and barrel 112,
113 and 114 may be fabricated of a length of tube stock,
but such fabrication is not essential to the invention.
In the illustrated embodiment, the integral tube
stock is flattened in the region of lug 112 and extension
113 to define a pair of superposed sheets or layers 120
and 121 for effectively resisting torsional, tensional
and other stresses imparted in use. The overlying layers
120 and 121 are apertured or punched, as by a hole 123
to define of the lug 112 an eye. The size of hole 123
is such as to snugly receive and engage about .the lower
region or cup 111.
From the outer end of the flattened radial extension
113 as a continuation thereof, extends the generally
cylindrical or tubular barrel 114 which may have its
outer end open at 124 and there provided with a radially
outstanding flange or lip 125.
While frictional circumposition of the eye 112 about
the cup 111 will service admirably well in many applications,
if it is desired to more firmly secure the eye and cup,
this may be accomplished by spot welding, or otherwise, if
desired. The inverted cup 11 may be manually frictionally
engaged over a battery terminal post, the like tapers
affording a firm retention, or if desired, a tool may be
employed to more forciby engage the cup over a battery
1 post. A desired cable may be secured in the connector
or barrel 114, as by crimping, soldering, or the like.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 13, there generally
designated llOa, an inverted cup or cap llla is provided
which may be subst~ntially identical to the cap 111,
including an internal taper slightly smaller than the
external taper of a battery post, and a flange or brim
118a about the lower, open end of the cup llla. An
apertured lug or eye 112a is snugly circumposed about the
cup llla, preferably seated on the brim 118a and additional-
ly secured thereto if desired. From the eye 112a there
extends a radial extension 113a which is substantially
greater in radial extent than the radial extension 113
of the previously described embodiment. From the outer
end of the radial extension 113a there continues a
cable connector or barrel 114a which may be essentially
the same as the connector or barrel 114 of the previously
described embodiment.
In addition, in the embodiment of Figure 13, there is
an auxiliary connector 130, which includes a barrel 131,
from which extends a lug 132 secured to the elongate
radial extension 113a. That is, the lug 132 of the
connector 130 may seat in contacting engagement on the
extension 113a, and be suitably secured thereto, as by
spot welding, or otherwise.
In this embodiment it will be appreciated that a
pair of cable connectors or tap-offs 114a and 130 may
be associated in electrically conductive relation with
a single battery post cover or cup llla, as when plural
conductor connection is re~uired.
A further embodiment is shown in Figure 14, the battery
post terminal there being generally designated llOb, and
including a cup or cover lllb, eye 112b, extension 113b
and barrel 114b, all of which may be essentially identical
to the cup 111, eye 112, extension 113 and barrel 114 of
Figures 10-12.
"
-12-
1 However, there is provided an additional eye 112c,
radial extension 113c and barrel 114c, which may be
essentially identical to the eye 112b, extension 113b
and barrel 114b. However, the eye 112c is circumposed
about the cup lllb and superposed on the eye 112b, and
the radial extension 113c extends at an angle with respect
to the radial extension 113b, being an angle of 180
in the drawing. Of course, additional eyes may be super-
posed or stacked on the eyes 112b and 112c; and in this
case it is preferred that the eyes be spot welded to each
other and the brim 118b. Thus, a plurality of cables
by plural tap-offs may be connected to a single battery
post by the embodiment of Figure 14 as well as that of
Figure 13. In the latter Fi~ure, the radial extension
113a may be further elongated to provide for additional
connector parts similar to part 130; and additional lugs
similar to lug 132 may be superposed and welded together,
if desired. To assure a desired press fit and intimate
contact between the lowermost eye and the cap or cover,
as in Figures 10-12, the internal diameter of opening
123 is advantageously slightly less than the maximum
external diameter of the side wall 117 at the brim or
flange 118.
Referring now more particularly to Figure 15, a
battery terminal construction is illustrated therein and
generally designated 210. The terminal may be
substantially completely fabricated of ductile conductive
material, such as copper or the like, and may include a
connector cap 211 and cable connector or barrel 212
extending from the cap.
More specifically, the cap 211 may be an inverted
cup, cover or shell, say drawn or otherwise suitably
formed of sheet copper and having a brim, lip or flange 215,
provided with a radial extension or tab. The cable
connector barrel 212 may include a tubular portion 217
receiving and suitably secured, as by crimping, to a
"` 1~'7~
1 cable 218, which extends into one end of the tube 217.
The other end oE the tube 217 is flattened, as at 200,
or otherwise formed into a tab or extension for facing
engagement with the cup tab or extension 216. The
superposed tabs 216 and 200 may be suitably connected
. together, as by a rivet 221, to assure electrical
continuity, and the rivet may be formed to define a
pivotal connection between the cap and cable connector.
Conside.ring the cap 211 now more in detail, it may
be drawn from flat material to include an outer end wall
or closure 225, say of generally circular configuration,
from which extends a peripheral side wall or sleeve 226,
generally normal to the end wall 225. The sleeve 226 may
include an outer sleeve end portion 227 extending directly
from and integrally connected to the end wall 225, and
being oE generally cylindrical configuration. Stated
otherwise, the outer end portion 227 of sleeve 226 may
have zero taper.
The sleeve 226 further includes an inner end portion
228 which extends longitudinally :Erom the inner end of
the outer end sleeve portion 227, integrally therewith,
and diverges or flares in the inward direction, away from
the cylindrical outer sleeve end portion 227. Thus, the
inner sleeve end portion 228 defines the frustum of a
cone, being generally coaxial with the cylindrical
outer cap end portion 227. From the larger, inner
end of the conical or flaring inner s:leeve portion 228,
radially thereabout, extends the flange or lip 215,
lying generally in a plane normal to the axis of the
sleeve.
As best seen in Figure 16, the flared inner end
portion 228 of the sleeve 226 is in firm, snug frictional
engagement with a received battery terminal post 230,
This engagement may be effected by manually placing the
cap 211 over the post 230 and twisting, as by grasping
the barrel 212 and/or lip 215 and bearing downwardly while
'73~
-14-
1 turning.
In Figures 17 and 18 are shown, in phantom, battery
terminal posts 230a and 230b, respectively which are of
slightly different taper, which may be within commercial
tolerances In particular, battery terminal post 230a
is of a greater taper and battery terminal post 230b is
of a lesser taper. In applying cap 211a to post 230a,
there is illustrated contact of the inner sleeve end
portion 228a at the lip or flange 215a with the battery
terminal post.
In the embodiment of Figure 18, the cap 211b makes
contact with the battery terminal post 230b at the inner
end of the outer sleeve end region 226b, where it joins
with the outer end of the inner sleeve end region 228b.
There is firm mechanical connection and intimate area
engagement for electrical contact in both the extreme
conditions of Figures 17 and 18, as well as all inter-
mediate post taper conditions.
It is advantageous that the overall length oE cap 211
approximate the height cf a battery terminal post; and
that the length of cylindrical or pilot, outer end region
226 be approximately 2/3 overall length, while the length
of the inner sleeve or flare end region 228 approximate
1/3 the overall length. With a flared or inner end region
228 approximately 1/3 the overall length, the outer end
region 11 is of sufficiently small diameter to provide
a convenient pilot for assembly through -the eyes of tap-
off lugs, as will appear presently. Also, with the flared
inner end sleeve portion 228 sufficiently short, as noted
above, a plurality of stacked tap-off lug eyes may be
circumposed about the flared sleeve portion without
excessive gap for effective securement, also appearing
presently.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 19, a cap is
generally designated 211c and may be substantially
similar to the cap 211 of Figures 15 and 16. That is,
3~
1 the cap llc includes a generally circular end wall or
closure 225c, and outer sleeve end portion 226c extend-
ing integrally Erom the periphery of end wall 225c, and
generally normal to the end wall in the confi~uration of
a cylinder or tube having a taper of zero or less than
the taper of a battery terminal post. Extendinq from
the inner end of the outer sleeve end portion 226c is
an inner sleeve end portion 28c which flares in the
direction away from the outer sleeve end portion 26c,
having a taper approximating that of a battery terminal
post. Extending circumferentially about the larger end
of the flared sleeve portion 228c is a peripheral lip,
rim or flange 215c, which may be generally annular and
without a tab or extension corresponding to the tab or
extension of Figures 15 and 16.
The cable connector 212c of Figure 19 may include a
tubular barrel 217c having one end region flattened, as
at 220c, and centrally apertured, as at 235 to define an
open lug or eye 236. As seen in Figure 5, the open luq
or eye 236 is of two superposed layers and seated firmly
On the annular flange 215c. Further, the internal
diameter of the circular aperture 235 of lug 236 may be
such as to form a snug or force fit circumposed about the
inner sleeve end portion 228c when the lug is seated on
the flange 215c.
In addition to the snug frictional fit of lug 236
about sleeve portion 228c, or as an alternative thereto,
the apertured lug may be otherwise suitably secured to the
rim or flange 215c, say by spot welding, as at 237.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 20, there is a
connector cap 211d essentially similar to the connector
cap 211c, including an outer sleeve end portion 226d which
may be generally cylindrical or of a taper less than that
of a battery terminal post 230d. A flaring inner end
sleeve portion 228d extends longitudinally inwardly from
the inner end of a sleeve portion 226d and is provided on
~L~7~
-16-
1 its inner end with a generally annular circumferential
flange 215d, all of which may be the same as the cap 211c
of Figure 19.
However, the cap 211d may include an outer end wall
or closure 225d haying a central opening, as at 240 for
passing a fastener 241, such as a screw, or other suitable
fastener into securing engagement with the post 230d.
More specifically, the headed and threaded fastener 241
may engage through the outer end wall opening 240 with
itsthreaded shank 242 entering into threaded engagement
in a suitable hole 243 formed in the outer end of the
terminal post 230d. With the shank 242 secured in the
post 230d, the head 241 may engage the outer surface of
the end wall 225d, to secure the cap 211d in a firm
electrical contacting circumposition about the post 230d.
Also shown in Figure 20 are a plurality of cable connectors
having apertured end lugs 220d superposed in aligned
relation with each other on the circumferential flange
215d and in snug frictional or forced engagement about
the flaring inner end sleeve portion 228d. While a pair
of a~ertured lugs 220d are shown in Figure 20 as frictional-
ly circumposed about the inner sleeve end portion 228d,
it is understood that three or more such cable connector
lugs may also be frictionally engaged or force fit about
the flaring inner sleeve end portion 228d.
If desired, the upper or outer face of the outermost
lug 200d may be deformed inwardly into forced retaining
engagement with the sleeve portion 228d. For example,
by ring staking, a bead 245 may be formed on the inner
margin of the aperture of the uppermost lug 220d, the
bead engaging the sleeve portion 228 to retain the
uppermost lug on the sleeve portion, and to retain any
other lugs firmly clamped in position about the sleeve
portion 228d between the outermost lug and the flange 215d.
From the foregoing, it is seen that the present
invention provides a uniquely improved battery post
-17-
l te:rminal connector which is extremely simple in construc-
tion, economic in manufacturing steps and materials,
durable and reliable throughout a long useful li~e, and
which otherwise fully accomplishes its intended objects.
S Although the present invention has been described in
some detail by way of illustration and example for
purposes of clarity of understanding, it is understood
that certain changes and modifications may be made within
the spirit of the invention.
