Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
3L~ 3~i~
The present invention relates to insecticidal
compositions containing a series o~ new carbamo~loxy isoxazole
derivatives and conventional organic phosphate or carbamate
insecticides which exhibit a synergistic increase in activity.
This application is a divisional application of co-
pending application No. 389,795 filed November 10, 1981.
Insects cause considerable damage to plants and can
represent a serious danger to health; ab best, they are a
major nuisance. Accordingly, large sums are spent on their
destruction. Although many insecticides are available, a
large number of these have to be used with considerable care,
because they endanger the health of humans or other animals
or because of their phytotoxicity. ~oreover, because of their
short life cycles, insects can develop immunity to many of
the commonly used insecticides and, accordingly, there is
always a continuing need for new compounds exhibiting in-
secticidal properties.
A number of compounds containing the isoxazole
system are known to exhibit insecticidal activity. For
example, ~apanese Patent Publication No. 10145/70 discloses
carbamoyloxyisoxazole derivatives of formula:
R / Ra
- O-CO-N
.: : I 1- ' Rb
R '' \ O ~
~in which Ra, Rh and Rd each represents a lower alkyl group
and R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group)-and
discloses that these compounds are useful as insecticides.
3S However, these compounds are potentially toxic to warm-blooded
animals, which means that such severe restrictions would have
'~'
- 1 -
3~D
to be placed upon their use.that, in practice, they are un-
likely ever to be actually used.
We have now discovered a series of carbamoyloxy-
isoxazole derivatives which, whilst chemically similar to
the known compounds of the aforementioned Japanese Patent
Application, surprisingly have very much reduced toxicity to
~arm-blooded animals, but at the same time, equally good or
eve.n better.insecticidal activity.
The invention, as claimed in copending application
No. 389,795, accordingly, provides compounds of formula (I):
Rl CH3
\ ,,''
- -r O-CO-N (I)
R -A-CH2 ~ N
O
1 1 7~35~
in which: Rl represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom;
R represents a Cl-C6 alkyl group; and A represents an oxy~en
atom, a sulphur atom, a sulphinyl group or a sulphonyl group.
The invention of the copending application No. 389,
795 also provides a process for preparing these compounds
in which a compound of formula (III):
R CH3
~ O-CO N /
XCH2 N
O
`: 3Q
'
~ 3 -
4 ~ 3~ ~
(wherein R1 is as defined above and X represents a halogen
atom) is reacted with an alkoxide or mercaptide of formula
(IY):
R2 _ A' - M (IV)
(in which R2 jS as defined above, A' represents an oxygen
atom or a sulphur atom and M represents an alkali metal
atom) to give a compound of formula (II):
1--I --CO--N~CH3
(in which R1, R2 and A' are as defined above) and, if
; 10 necessary~ said compound of formula (II7 in which A'
~: :represents a sulphur atom is oxidized to give a compound
of formula (Y):
~CH3
lrl O-CO-N
R -~(O~n-CH2
~ 3
5.
(wherein R and R2 are as defined above and n is 1 or
2~.
The invention sti11 further provides an insecti-
cidal composition comprising an insecticide and a carrier
or diluent, characterized in that the insecticide comprises
one or more of the compounds of formula (I) defined
above.
In the compounds of formula (I), where R1 represents
a halogen atom, it may be a chlorine, bromine, iodine
or fluorine atom and is preferably a chlorine, bromine
or iodine atom, rnore preferably a chlorine or bromine
atom. It is, however, preferred that R1 should represent
a hydrogen atom.
.
R2 represents a straight or branched chain Cl-C6
alkyl group, for example a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,
butyl, t-butyl or pentyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl
group and most preferably a methyl or ethyl group.
: .
~;~ A preferably represents a sulphur atom.
.
Representative examples of compounds of the
invention are listed below; the numbers appended to
the compounds in the following list are used to identify
~ 3
6.
those compounds hereinafter:
1. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylthiomethylisoxa-
zole
2. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethylthiomethylisoxa-
zole
3. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-propylthiomethylisoxa-
: zole
4. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-isopropylthiomethylisoxa-
zole
5. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylsulphinylmethyl-
isoxazole
:
6. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethylsulphinylmethyl-
: isoxazole
:~ 7. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylsulphonylmethyl-
: 15 isoxazole
8. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethylsulphonylmethyl-
isoxazole
: 9. 4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylthio-
methylisoxazole
~ 3
7.
10. 4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethylthio-
methylisoxazole
11. 4-Ch7oro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylsulphinyl-
methylisoxazole
12. 4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylsulphonyl-
methylisoxazole
13. 4-Bromo-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylthiomethyl-
isoxazole
14. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-4-iodo-5-methylthiomethyl-
~ lO isoxazole
: 15. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methoxymethylisoxazole
16. 3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethoxymethylisoxazole
; 17. 4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methoxymethyl-
isoxazole
~ .
18. 4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethoxymethyl-
isoxazole.
0~ the compounds listed above, particularly
preferred compounds are Compounds No. 1, 2, 9 and 13.
Compounds of formula (II):
~--lro--CD--N~ (~
(in which Rl and R2 are as defined above and A' represents
an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom), that is to say compounds
of ~ormula (1) in which A is an oxygen or sulphur atom,
may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (III):
Rl ,~3
)~0 CO N~CH (11
XCH2 o ~ N
(in which Rl and X are as defined above~ with an alkoxide
or mercaptide of formula (IV):
:10 : R2 _ A' - M (IY)
; ~ (in wh.ich R2, A' and M are as defined above)~ The
: alkoxide or mercaptide may have been prepared in advance;
alternatively, it may be prepared ln situ in a suitable
reaction solvent,by methods well-known in the art.
- ~ ~ '7~3~
9.
The reaction between the compounds of formulae
(III) and (IY) is preferably effected in the presence
of a solvent, Suitable solvents include: alcohols,
such as methanol or ethanol; ethers, such as tetrahydro-
furan, dioxan or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether;
dimethylformamide; dimethyl sulphoxide; hexamethyl-
phosphoric triamidei and mixtures of any two or more
of these solvents. Of these solvents, ethers are parti-
cularly preferred. Where the compound of formula (IV~
is a mercaptide, additional suitable solvents include:
water; ketones, such as acetone or methyl isobutyl
ketone; and mixtures of any two or more of the solvents.
In the case of a mercaptide, methanol is the preferred
solvent.
'
The reaction is preferably effected at a temperature
greater than 0C but below the reflux temperature of
the solvent used; preferably the temperature may range
from above O~C to ambient temperature.
:
A~ter completion of the reaction, the desired
product of formula (II) may be separated and purified
by techniques well-known in the art. For example,
the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure;
the residue is diluted with a solvent such as methylene
chloride; the organic solution is washed and dried;
and then the solvent is distilled off. The product
~ 7~;35~
10.
may then be further purified3 if desired, by recrystalli-
zation or by various chromatography techniques.
.
Compounds of formula (V3:
Rl C~3
~T O-cO-N <
R2-S(O1n-CH2 Ct~3 (Y )
~wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above and n is 1 or
2), that is to say compounds of formula (I) in which
A represents a sulphinyl or sulphonyl group, may be
; prepared by oxidizing the corresponding compound of
formula (VI):
.
~: Rl ,CH3
, O-~O-N
o ~ ~ 3 (
~ ~ R2-S-~H~ ~ o ,N
(in which R1 and R2 are as defined above); the compound
of formula (YI) may itself have been prepared as described
above.~
The oxidizing agent is preferably a peroxide,
for example hydrogen peroxide or an organic peroxide
(such as benzoyl peroxide or m-chloroperbenzoic acid,
3~
11 .
preferably m-chloroperbenzoic acid).
Where hydrogen peroxide is employed as the oxidizing
agent, the reaction is preferably effected in the presence
of a solvent, for example an aliphatic carbo~ylic acid,
particularly acetic acid9 and the amount of hydrogen
peroxide employed is preferably an approximately equimolar
amount with respect to the compound of formula (YI).
Where hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizing agent, the
reaction is preferably effected at a temperature of
from 5C to 25C.
On the other hand, where an organic peroxide,
particularly m-chloroperbenzoic acid, is used as the
oxidizing agent, the reac~ion is also preferably effected
in the presence of a solvent9 the nature of which is
not critical~ provided that it has no adverse effect
on the reaction; preferred solvents are halogenated
hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride~ carbon tetra-
chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene.
In this case, the organic peroxide is preferably employed
in an amount greater than equimolar. The reaction
will go to completion at a relatively low temperature,
which may be below ambient temperature and as low as
0C, within a few hours. However, the reaction can
also be performed at the reflux temperature of the solvent
employed. In the case where an organic peroxide is used,
7~;3
2.
insolubles, if any, should be filtered off before the
desired product is separa~ed from the reaction mixture
and purified.
After completion of the reaction, the solvent
is preferably distilled off under reduced pressure,
after which the residue is diluted with a solvent such
as methylene chloride, the organic solution is washed
and dried and then the solvent is distilled off. The
resulting product may~ if desired, be further purified
by recrystallization or chromatography.
Compounds of formula (III) are novel and also
form part of the present invention. They may be prepared
by reacting a 3-hydroxyisoxazole derivative of formula
(VII):
- Rl ,OH
X~H~D'~
(in which R1 and X are as defined above) with a carbamoyl
halide of formula (VIII):
~ 7
3.
~H3
Y CO N<CH (~m1
(in which Y represents a halogen atom).
The reaction is preferably effected in the presence
of a solvent, the nature of which is not critical, provided
that it has no adverse effect upon the reaction. Suitable
solvents include: aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons,
such as hexane, petroleum ether, benzene, toluene or
xylene; chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as methylene
chloride, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride; ethers,
such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, d;oxan, tetra-
hydrofuran or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones,
such dS acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl
ketone; and amides, such as d;methylformamide, diethyl-
acetamide and hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
~ ~ The temperature of the reaction may vary over
a wide range and the reaction may, for example~ be effected
wi~th ice-cooling or at temperatures up to ambient.
The reagents are preferably emp~oyed in an equimolar
or approximately equimolar ratio and the reaction is
.
~'7~3~;~
14 .
Preferably effected in the presence of an acid-bind;ng
agent, which may be organic (e.g. an organic amine,
such as dicyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, picoline
or lutidine) or inorganic (e.g. an alkali metal hydroxide,
carbonate or bicarbonate, e.g. the hydroxide, carbonate
or bicarbonate of sodium or potassium).
The compounds of formula (YII~ which are used
as starting materials in this process may be prepared,
where R1 represents a hydrogen atom, by the method described
in Tetrahedron Letters 25, 2077 (1965). Compounds
in which R1 represents a halogen atom may be prepared
by reacting the corresponding compound in which R1 represents
a hydrogen atom with a halogenating agent, for example
chlorine, bromine~ a sulphuryl halide or an N-halosuccinimideO
For examplé, compounds of formula (VII) in which
R1 represents a chlorine atom may be obtained by treating
the corresponding compound in which R1 represents a
hydrogen atom with sulphuryl chloride, under reflux,
in the presence or absence of an inert solYent, or with
a calculated amount of gaseous chlorine~ at ambient
temperature, in dimethylformamide.
Compounds of formula (VII) in which R1 represents
a bromine or iodine atom may be obtained by treating
the corresponding compound in which R1 represents a
~ 3
15.
hydrogen atom with N-bromosuccinimide or N-iodosuccinimide
in dimethylformamide, with heating to about 60~C.
We have found that the compounds of formula
(I) exhibit insecticidal activity against a ~ide variety
of insect pests, including many of importance to agriculture,
for example the green peach aphid, the green rlce leaf-
hopper and the brown planthopper; such activity is
comparable with or even higher than that of known compounds
but is accompanied by remarkably lo~ toxicity to warm-
blooded animals.
~ n order to control effectively harmful insects9the compounds of formula (I) may be formulated with
carriers and diluents well-known in this art~ particularly
with agriculturally acceptable carriers and diluents,
by conventional techniques. The resulting compositions
may be in various forms, both solid and liquid and may
be used for spraying or soil application to control
; lnsects on leaves and stems of various plants, including
rice plants, fruit trees~ vegetables and flowers. The
compounds of the invention have the significant advantage
of possessing systemic insecticidal activity.
The co~pounds o~ for~ula I in accordance with the present
~nyentio,n may be ~sed in c~ination with y,ariou~.or,~nic ~hos,phate or
carbamate insecticides in order to broaden the insecticidal
, . .
i3S~
16.
spectrum and the compounds most suprisingly show syner-
gistic activity in such combinations. Examples of
insecticides which may be used in combination with the
compounds of formula (I~ inolude, for example:
0,0-Diethyl 0-(5-phenyl-3-isoxazolyl)phosphoro-
thioate (Isoxathion);
S-Methyl N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)thioacetimidate
(Methomyl);
0,0-D;methyl 0-~3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)thiophos-
phate (Fenitrothion);
0,0-Dimethyl 0-[2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-
vinyl]phosphate (Dimethylvinphos);
: 0,0-Dimethyl S-(~-ethoxycarbonylbenzyl)phosphoro-
dithioate (Cidial);
Q,0-Dipropyl 0-4-methylthiophenylphosphate
(Propaphos);
1-Naphthyl N-methylcarbamate (Carbaryl);
2-Isopropylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (Isoprocarb);
and
~ 3~ ~
3-Tolyl N~methylcarbamate (MTMC).
The synergistic effect obtained by combining
one or more of the compounds of formula ~) with one
or more organic phospha~e or carbamate insecticides~
such as those mentioned above, will be observed over
a very wide range of ratios between the active ingredients.
In general, however, we prefer to employ from o.l to
10 parts by weight of the organic phosphate or carbamate
insecticide per one part by weight of the compound of
formula (I)o
The compounds of the invention may be employed
in various types of preparation as is well-known for
other insecticides; for example, they may be in the
form of dusts, coarse dusts, micro granules, fine granules,
wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous
solutions or suspensions, water-soluble powders or oil
suspensions. The carrier employed may be natural or
synthetic and organic or inorganic; it is mixed with
the active ingredient to a sist that ingredient to reach
the material to be treated~ and to make it easier to
store, transport or handle the active ingredient.
Suitable solid carriers include: inorganic
substances, such as clays (examples of which are kaolinite,
montmorillonite and attapulgite), talc, mica, pyrophyllite,
18.
pumice, vermiculite, gypsum, calcium carbonateJ dolo-
mite, diatomaceous earth, magnesium carbonate, apatite,
zeolite, silicic anhydride and synthetic calcium sillcate;
organic substances derived from vegetables, such as
soybean meal, tobacco powder, walnut powder, wheat flour,
wood meal, starch and crystalline cellulose; synthetic
or natural high molecular weight polymersS such as cumarone
resins, petroleum resins, alkyd resins, polyvinyl chloride,
polyalkylene glycols, ketone resins, ester gums9 copal
gum and dammar gum; waxes, such as carnauba wax and
beeswax; or urea.
Examples of suitable liquid carriers include:
paraffinic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, such as kerosine,
mineral oil, spindle oil and white oil; aromatic hydro-
carbons, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene,.
cumene and methylnaphthalene; chlorinated hydrocarbons,
such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, trichloro-
ethylene, chlorobenzene and o-chlorotoluene; ethers,
such as dioxan and tetrahydrofuran; ketones, such as
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclo
hexanone, acetophenone and isophorone; esters, such as
ethyl acetate, pentyl acetate, ethylene glycol acetate~
diethylene glycol acetate, dibutyl maleate and diethyl
succinate; alcohols, such as methanol, hexanol, ethylene
glycol, diethylene glycol, cyclohexanol and benzyl
~S35~
1~.
alcohol; ether alcohols, such as ethylene glycol mono~
ethyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, diethylene
glycol monoethyl ether and diethylene glycol monobutyl
ether; other polar organic solvents, such as dimethyl-
formamide or dimethyl sulphoxide; and water.
The insecticidal compositions of the present
invention may contain surface active agents in order
to emulsify, disperse, wet, spread, bind, control disinte-
gration of~ improve fluidity of or rust-proof the insecti-
cidal composition or to stabilize thè active ingredient;although any of the conventional classes of surface
active agent, be they non-ionic, anionic, cationic or
amphoteric, may be emp7oyed, we prefer to employ non- .
ionic and/or anionic surface active agents. Examples
of suitable non-ionic surface active agents include:
. the polymerization adducts of ethylene oxide with higher
alcohols~ sush as lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or
oleyl alcohol; the polymerization adducts of ethylene
oxide with alkylphenols, such as isooctylphenol or nonyl-
phenol; the-polymerization adducts of ethylene oxide
with alkylnaphthols, such as butylnaphthol or octylnaphthol;
the polymerization adducts of ethylene oxide with higher fatty
acids, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid or oleic
acid; the polymerization adducts of ethylene oxide with mono-
or di- alkylphosphoric acids, such as stearylphosphoric acid
535i~
or d~laurylphosphoric acid; the polymerization adducts
of ethylene oxide with amines, such as dodecylamine;
the polymerization adducts of ethylene oxide with higher
fatty acid amides, such as stearamide~ the polymerization
adducts of ethylene oxide with higher fatty acid esters
of polyhydric alcohols, such as sorbitan, and the fatty
acid esters themselves, and the polymerization adducts
of ethylene oxide with propylene oxide. Examples of
suitable anionic surface active agents include: alkyl
sulphate salts, such as sodium lauryl sulphate or oleyl
sulphate amine salt; alkyl sulphonate salts, such as
sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate or sodium 2-ethylhexene
sulphonate; and aryl sulphonate salts, such as sodium
isopropylnaphthalene sulphonate, sodi um methylenebis-
naphthalene sulphonate, sodium ligninsulphonate or sodi um
dodecylbenzene sulphonate~
: Moreover, the insecticidal compositions of the
present invention may be used in combination with high
: ~ molecular weight compounds or other auxiliary agents,
such as casein, gelatin., albumin, glue, sodium alginate,
carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl-
cellulose or polyYinyl alcohol, in order to improve
the properties and/or to increase the biological effect
of the composition.
~S 3
21.
The above-mentioned carriers and various auxiliary
agents may be used alone or in any desired combination,
depending upon the type of preparation, the application
and other factors.
The concentration of the active ingredient,
the compound or compounds of formula (I~, in the composition
may vary over a wide range, although it will normally
be ~rom 0.1 to 95~ by weight and more preferably from
1 to 90X by weight of the composition, depending upon the
type of preparation.
For example, dusts may conveniently contain
from 1 to 25% by weight of the active compound, the
remainder being a solid carrier.
Wettable powders may conveniently contain, for
example, from 25 to 90X by weight of the active compound,
the remainder being a solid carrier and a dispersing
and wetting agent, if required, together with a protective
:
colloidal agent, a thixotropic agent and an anti-foaming
agent.
'
Granules may conveniently contain from 1 to
35X by weight of the active compound, a major portion
of the remainder being a solid carrier. The active
compound is preferably homogeneously admixed with the
solid carrier or is adhered to or adsorbed onto the
7~3
22 .
çarrier surface; the diameter of each granule is prefer-
ably from 0.2 to 1.5 mm.
Emulsifiable concentrates may conveniently contain,
for example, from 5 to 50% hy weight of the active compound
and from 5 to 20% by weight of an emulsifying agent,
the remainder being a liquid carrier, together with, if
required, a corrosion inhibitor.
The invention is further illustrated by the
following Examples, of which Examples 1 to 3 illustrate
the preparation of certain starting materials for preparing
the compounds of the invention~ Examples 4 to 18 illustrate
the preparation of compounds of the invention, Examples
19 to 22 illustrate insecticidal compositions containing
the compounds of the invention and Examples 23 to 27
lS~ illustrate the use of the compounds and compositions
of the invention in the contral of insects.
~ '
~53~;;Q
23 .
EXAMPLE
4-Chloro-5-chloromethyl-3-hy(lroxyisoxazole
To a solution of 8.01 9 of 5-chloromethyl-3-
hydroxyisoxazole in 50 ml of benzene were added 10 9
of sulphuryl chloride, and then the mixture was refluxed
for 10 hours. At the end of this time9 the solvent
and the excess sulphuryl chloride were distilled off
from the reaction mixture, and the residue was dissolved
in S0 ml of diethyl ether and washed five times, each
time with 20 ml of water. The washed diethyl ether
solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, the
solvent was removed by distillation, and the residue
was extracted three times, each time with 30 ml of hot
hexane. The hexane was distilled off from the extract
and the residue was recrystalli2ed from carbon tetra-
chloride, to give 4-chloro-5-chloromethyl-3-hydroxyisoxa
zole in the form of colourless crystals melting at 116
- 118C.
EXAMPLE 2
~:
4~Bromo-5-chloromethyl-3-hydrox~i_soxazole
To a solution of 1.33 9 of 5-chloromethyl~3-hydroxy-
isoxazole in 2 ml of dimethylformamide were added 2.0 9
of ~-bromosuccinimide, and then the mixture was heated
at 61C for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was then
- 25 poured into 100 ml of ice-water and extracted with diethyl
24~
ether, after which the ethereal extract was dried over
anhydrous sodium sulphate. The solvent was dist~11ed
off, leaving crystals, which were recrystallized from
a mixture of diisopropyl ether and hexane, giving 4-bromo-
5-chloromethyl-3-hydroxyisoxazole, in the form of white
crystals melting at 136.5 - 138C (with decomposition)O
Following the same method, 5-chloromethyl-3-hydroxy-
4-iodoisoxazole, melting at 147 - 150C (with decomposition),
was also prepared.
EXAMPLE 3
5-Chloromethyl-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxyisoxazole
To a solution of 2.0 9 of 5-chloromethyl-3-hydroxy-
isoxazole in 60 ml of benzene were added 1.7 9 of dimethyl-
carbamoyl chloride and 108 9 of triethylenediamine (as
acid-binding agent), and the mixture was stirred for
1 hour at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture
was then washed twice, each time with 20 ml of water,
after which the benzene solution was dried over anhydrous
sodium sulphateu The solvent was then distilled off
and the remaining oil was purified by column chromatography
through silica gel eluted w;th a 10 : 1 by volume mixture
of hexane and acetone, to give 5-chloromethyl-3-dimethyl-
carbamoyloxyisoxazole in the form of a faintly yellow
oil n24 5 = 1 4977
Following the same procedure as described above,
25.
the following compounds were also prepared:
5-Chloromethyl-4-chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-
isoxazole, n23 = 1.5024;
4-Bromo-5-chloromethyl-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-
isoxazole, nD5 = 1.5166;
5-Chloromethyl-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-4-iodo-
isoxazole, melting at 69 - 71~C;
5-Bromomethyl-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxyisoxazole,
n23-5 = 1.5062;
.
5-Bromomethyl-4-chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-
: isoxazole, n22 = 1.5179;
and
4-Bromo-5-bromomethyl-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-
i~soxazole, melting at 153 - 154C.
'
EXAMPLE 4
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylthiomethylisoxazole
To 6 9 of a 15% w/v aqueous solution of sodium
methanethiolate, diluted with 20 ml of ethanol, was
added, with stirring at room temperature, a solution
~ 6.
of 3.07 9 of 5-chloromëthyl 3-dimethylcarbamoyloxyisoxazole
in 5 ml of ethanol; stlrring was continued for a further
30 minutes at room temperature.
The ethanol was then distilled from the reaction
S mixture and 20 ml of water were added to the residue.
The mixture was extracted with 40 ml of methylene chloride,
and the extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate.
The solvent was distilled off, leaving a brown oil,
which was caused to crystalli~e by the addition of diiso-
propyl ether. The crystals were then recrystallizedfrom dii sopropyl ether, giving 2.62 9 (yield 80.9%)
of 3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylthiomethylisoxazole,
in the form of colourless crystals melting at 40-41C.
EXAMPLES 5 to 11
.
Following the procedures described in Example 4,
the following compounds were prepared:
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethylthiomethylisoxazole,
melting at 49 - 50C;
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-propylthiomethylisoxazole,
~0 n23 = 1.5078;
D
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-isopropylthiomethyl-
isoxazole, nD3 = 1.5077;
270
4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylthiomethyl-
isoxazole, nD1 = 1.5221;
4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethylthiomethyl-
isoxazole. nD = 1.5162;
4-Bromo-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylthiomethyl-
isoxazole, nD4-5 = 1 5352;
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-4-iodo-5-methylthiomethyl
isoxazole, n21 = 1.5563.
EXAMPLE 12
The procedure described in Example 4 W2S repeated,
except that sodium methoxide was used in place of the
sodiu~ methanethiolate, to give 3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-
methoxymethylisoxazole, n2455 = 1.4720.
:::
EXAMPLE 13
;; 15 3-Di~ethylcarbamoyloxy-5-meth~lsulPhin~_methylisoxazole
A solution of 757 mg of 3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-
methylthiomethylisoxazole In 5 ml of methylene chloride
was 3dded dropwise over a period of 30 m;nutes, with
stirring~ to an ice-cooled solution of 711 mg of m-chlnro-
perbenzoic acid in 15 ml of methylene chloride. The
.
. ~ ~7~
2~.
mixture was ~hen stirred for a further 30 minutes, after
which it was filtered and the preeipitate was washed
with 2 ml of methylene chloride~ The filtrate and
the washings were combined, and then the solvent was
removed by distillation~ leaving a colourless, crystalline
residue, which was recrystallized from diethyl ether,
to give 700 mg (yield 86.1X) of 3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-
methylsulphinylmethylisoxazole, in the form of colourless
needles melting at 84-85C.
EXAMPLES 14 and 15
The procedure described in Example 4 was repeated,
to prepare the following compounds:
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy;5-ethylsulphinylmethyl-
isoxazole, melting at 85-86C;
4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylsulphinyl-
methylisoxazole, melting at 7g-81C.
.
:: EXAMPLES 16 - 18
The procedure described in Example 4 was repeated,
except that the m-chloroperbenzoic acid was used in
an amount of 2 moles per mole of starting isoxazole
compound, to prepare the following compounds:
29 .
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylsulphonylmethyl-
isoxazole, melting at 145 146C,
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-ethylsulphonylmethyl-
isoxazole, melting at 106 - 107C;
4-Chloro-3-dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5-methylsulphonyl-
methylisoxazole, melting at 104 - 105C.
EXAMPLE 19
Dust
5 parts by weight of Compound No. 1, 50 parts
by weight of talc and 45 parts by weight of kaolin were
thoroughly blended to give a dust.
EXAMPLE 20
: Wettable powder
: 50 parts by weight of Compound No. 2, 29 parts
~by wei~ght of c~lay, 10 parts by weight of diatomaceous
earth, 5 parts by weight of white carbon, 3 parts by
weight of sodlum ligninsulphonate, 2 parts by weight
of Newcol 1106 ("Newcol" is a trade mark) and ~ part
by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were thoroughly blended
: 20 in a mixer and then pulverized three times with a hammer
mill to give a wettable powder.
:
~ 7~;35
30 .
EXAMPLE 21
Granules
70 parts by weight of Compound No. 1 were finely
pulverized, mixed with 30 parts by weight of clay and
then blended in a mixer to make a premix. 10 parts
by weight of the premix, 60 parts by weight of rlay
and 30 parts by weight of bentonite were thoroughly
blended in a mixer and then a small amount of water
was added to the mixture. The mixture was then compounded
in a kneader, extruded through a screen whose apertures
were of diameter 0.8 mm and then dried at 50C in a
forced air oven. The dried compound was granulated
with a sifter to give granules.
EXAMPLE 22
Emulsifiable concentrate
~ . _
20 parts by weight of isoxathion, 5 parts by
weight of Compound No. 1, 60 parts by weight of xylene
and 15 parts by weight of Paracol PS ("Paracol" is a
trade mark) were uniformly blended to give a emulsifiable
concentrate.
S35~
EXAMPLE 23
Tox1city Test
Each of the compounds listed in Table 1 was
administered in the form of a suspension, ~o.which 0.5
w/v gum tragacanth had been added, to a group of 5 week
old ddY-SLC series mice. Each test group consisted
of 10 male and 10 female mice. The LD50 value was
calculated, by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon
[J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 96, 99 (1949)], from ~the mortality
rate after 7 days. The results are shown in Table
1 .
Table
Compound No. LD50 (mg~kg)
. 1 . male 110.2
. . female 109.1
: .
: ~ . 2 male 124.7
. female 103.5
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5- male/female 31.2
methylisoxazole (Con~rol)
.
32.
Similar tests were conducted with each of Compounds
No. 3 - 15 and in each case9 the LD50 value was greater
than lO0 mg/kg~ These results demonstrate the low
toxicity of the compounds of the invention to warm-blooded
animals.
EXAMPLE 24
Control_of qreen peach aphid
~ontact activity
A wettable powder was prepared by homogeneously
mixing and pulverizing three times in a hammer mill
10 parts by weight of one of the test compounds ind;cated
in Tables 2 and 3, 4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl-
benzene sulphonate, 2 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol
and 84 parts by weight of clay. The wettable powder
thus prepared was then diluted with water to the concentration
indicated in Table 1, and then 0.01% w/v of Gramin (a
spreader) was added.
The resulting diluted solution was then sprayed
onto the lea~es of a cabbage bearing green peach aphids
(Myzus persicae) in an amount of 10 ml per leaf. The
leaf stalk of each leaf was then placed in a 30 ml bottle
containing water and the mouth of the bottle was plugged
with cotton wool. The bottles were then left in a
~:~'7~3~i~
33 .
room ~aintained at 25C. After 72 hours, the percentage
mortality of the aphids was assessed and the results
are shown in Tables 7 and 3.
Systemic activit.v
Test suspensions were prepared as described
above and then diluted to the concentrations indicated
in Tables 2 and 3. The suspensions were then poured
into 30 ml bottles. Leaves of the Chinese mustard
"Komatsuna" bearing green peach aphids were then placed
in the bottles and the mouths of the bottles were plugged
with cotton wool. The bottles were placed in a room
maintained at 25C for 72 hours, after which the percentage
mortality of the aphids was assessed. The results
are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
.
3~.
Table 2
Percentage mortality
of green peach aphid.
Compound No. Contact Systemic
. 50 ppm 6.. 25 ppm
:
1 100 100
- 2 . 100 100
: 3 86 100
. ~1 96
. 5 86 100
6 88 100
7 82 B5
8 80 85
', 9 100 100
~ ,10 97 100
~ 1l loo lao
12 82 90
13 100 100
14 86 100
15 . 84 100
:: _ :
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5- 84 89
methylisoxazole ~Control)
. . .
~ 3
35.
Table 3
. ~ . .
. . Percentage mort~lity
.. . . of -green peach aphid
Compound No. Contact Systemic
. . 12.5 ppm 1.56 ppm
, _ _
. . 1 ..83 10~
. 9 , go 1~0 l
. 13 g9 100
~ _ - . - . .
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5 -
methylisoxazole (Control~ ~34 74
._ `
~10 ~ EXAMPLE 25
ActiYity against the green rice leafhopper and the
brown planthopper
~ ~ .
~ A lU~ dust was prepared by homogeneously mixing
:~ : and pulverizing twice wi~h a pulverizer 2 parts by weight
15~ of each in turn of the test compounds indicated in Table
4 and 98 parts by weight sf clay. The dusts were then
; sprayed onto rice seedlings planted in plastic pots
and covered~with a plastic cylinder, in amounts
sufficient to provide 10 mg of the 10~ dust per pot
(corresponding to 1.4 kg of dust per 10 ares)~ 10-
:15 of the final instar larvae of the green rice leafhopper
(Naphote$tix cincticeps) or of the brown planthopper
(Nilaparvata lugens) of strains known to be resistant
36 .
both to conventional organic phosphorus and carbamate
insecticides were released into each pot. After main-
tal ni ng the pots at 25C for 72 hours, the percentage
mortal ~ty of the 1 arvae was assessed. Each test was
carried out twice and the results averaged. The results
are shown i n Tabl e 4.
Table 4
:
Percentage mortality
Compound No. Green rice Brown
: leafhopper planthopper
. .
. 1 - 65 100
; 2 67 95
. 3 68 68
9 - 100
3-Dimethylcarbamoyloxy-5- 9 22
.. ........... ~ ...... ~.... .
methylisoxazole (Gontrol)
~53
37 .
EXAMPLE ?6
Activity a~ainst the brown planthopper ~mixed formulation)
Soll and water were p1aced into plastic pots
having inside diameters and heights each of about 10 cm
to prepare th~ pots for submerged cultivation, with
water to a depth of about 2 cm. Rice seedlings were
then planted in the pots and maintained in a greenhouse
until they had grown to a height of about 15 cm.
. Dusts were prepared, each containing 0~1% w/w
of Compound No. 1 or of the known organic phosphate
or carbamate insectic;des listed in Table 5, and these
were homogeneously applied, in the amounts specified
in the Table, to each pot. 10 - 15 of the final instar
larvae of the brown planthopper were then released onto
each pot. The pots were then covered and maintained
at 25C for 72 hours, after which the percentage mortality
of the larvae was assessed. The results are shown
in Table 5.
.
The experiments were conducted using the known
organic phosphate and carbamate insecticides either
alon~ or together with Compound No. 1 (50 mg). The
percentage mortality achieved using Compound No~ 1 alone
: in an amount of 50 mg was also assessed and found to
be OS. The expected percentage mortality of the combination
of C~mpound No. 1 with the known organic phosphate and
-
53
38 .
~arbamate insecticides was c21culated by the method
of C.I. Bliss [Ann. Appl. Biol. 26" 585 (1939)] and
i s shown i n p~rentheses i n the Tabl e.
Tabl e 5
Speciës and Amount of Compound 1 0.1~ dust
organic phosphate or
carbamate insecticide 0 mg 50 mg
Dimethylvinphos o.i% dust . _. .._... . (14.7)
100 mg 14.7 54.1
MEP 0.1% dust (37.1
. 100 mg . 37.1 75.8
_
NAC 0.1~ dust (29.2) .
50 mg 29.2 65.4
MIPC 0.1 ~ dust (25.0)
: ~ 50 mg 25.Q sa.3
MTMC 0.1% dust ~20.B)
50 mg 20.8 77.8 .
7~3S( i
EXAMPLE 27
Activity against green peach aphids (mixed formulation)
Emulsffiable concentrates containing a total
of 25X by weight of active ingredient or ingredients
were prepared as described in Example 22 and diluted
with water to the concentrations given in the following
Table 6. Each emulsion contained as act~ve ingredient
Compound No. 1, Compound No. 9 or the known insecticide
isoxathion alone or contained a mixture of isoxathion
and Compound No. 1 or No. 9. The diluted emulsions
were sprayed, in an amount of 10 ml per leaf, onto the
leaYes of the Chinese mustard "Komatsuna" bearing green
peach aphids of a strain known to be resistant to organic
phosphate insecticides. The leaf stalks of the leaves
1~ were placed into 30 ml bottles and the mouths of the
bottles were pluqged with cotton wool. After ma;ntaining
the leaves at 25C for 7~ hours, the percentage mortality
was assessed and the results are shown in Table 6.
: The expected percen,tage mortalities in the case of the
~ 20 mixed formulations are shown in parentheses in the Table.
,
~535~
Tabl e 6
. . . . __ . __
Concentration (ppm) .of active ingredient Percentage
_ ._ ._ _ . .
Compound 1 Compound 9 Isoxathion mortality
.. .. __ . , ._ .. _ _
0 . 0 25 0
0 0 50 4O4
0 0 25.8
0 0 59.8 '
0 - 2.5 0 20.1
: 0 ~ 5 0 38.4
0 25 98.9(25.8)
0 S0100 (61.6
0 2.5 12.5gs,~(~2U.l~
_ 5 25100 (~.4)
__
: ~
~ ~ ;
:. :
..
.
..~ .,
~753
41 .
The results of the experiments carried out in
Examples 26 and 27 illustrate the s~gnificant and
unexpected synergy achi eved when the compounds of the
invention are used in combination with known organic
phosphate and carbamate insecticides.
