Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~1~56,~2~
1--
This invention relates to roofin~ s~stems and more particu-
larly to roofing and flashing s~stems for use in buildings
having gene.rally a hor~zontal surface which meets a vertica:l
surface, ~or example a wall, eaves, expansion joint or curb
extending above the horizonta~ surface,
~arious roofing weatherproofin~ systems have been in use
heretofore~ It i~s common ~or the roofing system to extend
in two plane.s r namely the horizontal and vertical plane, The
horizontal pl~ne may be insulated and weatherproofed using
various kinds of materials. Buildings having a vertical plane
which extends upward beyond the horizontal plane are normally
~eatherproofed by flashings of various types, The flashing
is normally an extension of th.e roofing weatiherproofing
member extending along the vertical plane to envelop the
structure to protect it from moisture~
- The roofing systems in common use comprise weatherproof`ing
members of one or more layers of roofing membrane, Systems
of this type are subject to degradation or deterioration due
to the effects of ultra-violet radiation, temperature varia-.
tions, exposure to air and moisture and physical damage.
Over time the membranes tend to develop faults and thus allow`
moisture to seep into the ~ui~ding, Such problems are more
pronounced at the vertical surfaces protected by flashings,
particularly when flashings comprise bituminous membranes.
In accordance with one aspect of the inventicn, there is
provided a roofing system for use on a building defining a
generally vertical surface and a generally horizontal surface
extending from such generally vertical surface below the upper
edge thereof, and a junction therebetween, said roofing
system comprising a roofing weatherproofing member super-
posed upon said yenerally horizontal surface and extending
to said junction; a flashing weatherproof.ing member providing
a first portion extending upright to cover said generally
5~
2~
vertical surface, and a second porti`on extending generally
horizontally oyer part of the roo~ing weatherproofing member,
thereby to provide a weatherproofing seal a~out said junction;
a roofi-ng insulation member $uperposed upon said roofing
weatherproofing mem~er and extending over the second portion
of the flashing weatherp.roof;ng member substantially to the
junction; a flashing ;nsulat~on member superposed in an
upright position upon t~e fi`rst porti~on of the flashing
weatherproofing member and means for retaining the f].ashing
weatherproo~ing and flashing insulation members in an upright
position.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there i5
pro~ided a method of applying a roofing system to a building
defining a generally vertical surface and a generally hori-
zontal surface extending from said generally vertical surfacebelow the upper edge thereof and a junction therebetween, the
method comprising superposing a roofing weatherproofing mem-
ber upon said generally horizontal surface; superposing a
flashing weatherproofing member having first and second
portions at the junction, the first and second portions
to extend over the generally vertical and horizontal surfaces
respectively; superposing a roofing insulation member upon
the roofing weatherproofing member and upon the second portion
of the flashing member; superposing a flashing insulation mem
ber in an upright position adjacent the first portion to cover
substantially all of the first portion; and providing means
for retaining the flashing weatherproofing and insulation
members in an upright position.
In the drawings which accompany the following specification
and claims,
Figure 1 is a cut-away side elevational view of a roofing
system in accordance with the invention~
~ ~756~1~
~3,
Figure 2 is an alternate embodiment o:E the roofin~ system
of Fiyure lr and
Figure 3 is another alternate em~odiment o-f the roofing
system of Figure l,
Referring to ~igure 1, a vert~cal ~uilding wall 10 supports
a roof deck 12 belo~ the upper ed~e 14 of -the wall lO.
Vertical ~all l~ and roof deck 12 define generally vertical
and horlzontal surfaces 16 and 18.respectively,.which
conver~e at a junction 20. In the case of an irregular roof
deck,~e.g, a deck of steel trusses 21, a base layer 22 of
prefa~ricated cementitious ply material or other rigid
material~may be laid directly upon the deck. However, where
an existing roof deck has a flat surface, such a base layer
is generally unnecessaryr
A canted strip 24 of wood, concrete, fibrous or metal
material may be positioned at the junction 2q,~ the canted
surface 26 providing a surface of intermediate gradation
relatiye to the vertical and horizontal surfaces for roofing
and flashing membranes to be laid thereon, in order to avoid
excessîve strain due to bending of membranes.
, . --
A roofing weatherproofing member 28 comprising for example,
a plurality of layers of roofing felt alternating with layers
of bituminous waterproofing material is laid upon the base
layer 22, or flat roof deck (not shown~ as the case may be,
so that an edge of the member 28 extends at least partly,
and preferably fully up the canted surface 26 and terminates
at the vertlcal surface. In the case of built-up bituminous
roofing systems~ it is common to lay successive roofing felt
layers upon the roof deck and to coat each layer of felt with
hot liyuid bitumen, thus building up the desired number of
layers.
~s~
-4~
Subsequently~ a flashing weatherpr~ofing member 30~ compris
ing for exampler one or more l~yexs of roofing felt alterna-
ting with layers of hituminous weatherproofing material, is
applied to the junction, that is, to the canted surface,
preferably in sheets sufficiently wide to partially overlay
a horizontally extending portion of the roofing member 28
and to overla~ the vertical wall surface as well, The laid-
up flashing member 30 t~us has a portion extending over the
part of the roofing member 28 superposed on the canted sur-
face 26 and ~as a vertical part 31 and a horizontal part 32
overlapping a horizontal part of mem~er 28. In the case of
a ~ituminous flashing, the above application procedure may be
used to apply the flashing weatherproofing member 30.
A first securement strip or nailer strip 46, preferably of
wood blocking material, but which may also be of concrete,metal or other suitable material, is provided in a width
corresponding to the width of the wall 10, and is positioned
upon the wall. The upper portion 49 of the sheet of flashing
weatherproofing material which extends ~eyond the upper edge
of the wall is then superposed upon the first securement
strip and folded again at its outer end so as to extend down
ward along the outer edge thereof. The end may then be
nailed or otherwise secured to the first securemen~ strip.
One advantage of the present arra~gement is that there can
be used for the vertical flashing 30 a liquid ~itumen such
as that used in conventional roofing systems and the same as
that normally used for ma~ing up the roofing weatherproofing
mem~er 28, i.e. ~itumen with a relatively low softening
temperature of between about 129 and 225F Other types
of materials may also be used in eit~er the roofing membrane,
the flashing membrane or in both. For example, flexible
flashing sheeting material may be used alone or in combina-
tion with bituminous coated felt material~ To provide
sufficient weatherproo~ing protection, preferably a minimum
7S6~
~5~
of four layers of bituminous coated felt material should be
used.
In order to protect the roofing mem~er 28 from damage due
to solar radiation, air~ moisture from thermal pressure
differentials and physical damage, a roo~ing ;nsulation
member 34 is superposed upon the roofing mer~er. Insulation
member 34 may suitably comprise one or more sheets of rigid
foamed plastic sheeting material which is superposed flat
upon the roof to cover virtually the entire surface area
thereof, The roofing insulation material preferably extends
just to the edge of the vertical surface, thereby covering
the horizontally extending portion 32 of the flashing member
3Q and is cut to provide an inclined edge 36 which fits
against the portion of the roofing member superposed upon
the canted surface, thereby enabling the upper surface 38
of the roofing insulation to extend at least part way to the
vertical surface.
A flashing insulation member 40, for example a rigid member
of foamed plastic sheeting material is positioned in an up-
right position adjacent the vertical portion 31 of theflashing member 30, in order to protect said vertical
portion from the deteriorating effects of solar radiation,
heat, moisture and physical damage. The flashing insulation
mem~er, and~or the roofing insulation member may suitably
comprise rigid or semi-rigid sheeting material having the
desired insulation characteristics. Thus, it is possible
to use a variety of types of materials, e.g. wood fiber
board, glass fiber reinforced plastic sheeting, urethane
plastic sheeting, P~C, expanded or extruded polystyrene
foam sheeting, cork sheeting, phenolic foam sheeting,
compressed perlite sheeting, polyethelene foam sheeting
and cellular glass sheeting.
To provide protection for the flashing insulation member 40,
and in order to secure said member ~0 and the flashing
--6
weatherproofing member in a vertical position, a counter-
flashing member 42~ preferabl~ a rigid metal sheeting
material is superposed vertically over the flashing insula-
tion member 40~ -thereby covering su~stantially all of the
outer surface of said member with a protective membrane.
The counterflas~ing member ~2 may have at its lower end
a horizontal base porti`on ~4 which extends outward upon
the roofing insulation member 34.
~ ~ .
The upper end of the counterflashing member is secured to
lQ a second nailer strip 47 which is positioned upon the
flashing insulation member and adjacent the edge of the
first nailer strip~ The counterflashing and upper end
portion 49 are held in place by means of a metallic cover
4~ which is secured to the first and second nailer strips
respectively by means of nails 50 and 52. If it is desired,
a metal wall cladding material (not shown) may be applied
to the exterior portion of the wall 10 to extend downward
along the wall.
A layer of ballast 45, which may be loose gravel or other
2a particulate material or alternatively one or more slabs of
cementitious materials such as paving stones or poured
concrete is superposed upon the roofing insulation member
34 and upon the horizontal base portion 44 of the counter- ~
flashing, thereby securing the counterflashing at its lower
end by virtue of the weight of the particulate material
bearing thereon. In some cases it may be preferable to
provide a counterflashing without the ~ase portion 44, and
in such cases the lower end of the counterflashing may
extend just to the top of the ballast layer.
If it is desired, a ballast separation member 54, for
example a relatively thin, porous, non-hydroscopic sheeting
material may be interposed between the roof insulation
member ~4 and the ballast 45 and extends upwardly between
~L~75~
~7--
the counterflas~ing and thç flashing insulation, The
purpose of this separ~tion member is to prevent particulate
material from entering the joints between individual sheets
of insulationr as well ~s to alleviate the degrading effects
of ultra~violet rad1ation in the event that -the ballast
is dislodged, The separation member also serves to dis-
tribute the we;ght of ballast loading upon t~e insulation
to prevent flotation of insulation should ponding of water
upon the roof surface occur, In the case of flashing in-
sulation~ the separation member serves to protect the flash-
ing insulation from weathering~
With reference to Figure 2/ there is shown an alternate
embodiment of the invention which differs from the embodi~
ment described above in the following ways;
Vertical flashing and insulation members are attached to a
vertical wall ~hich extends upwardly beyond the limit of the
flashing. For attaching the flashing member insulation 40
and counterflashing 42, there may be provided a wedge-
shaped reglet joint 56 in the wall near the upper limit
2G of the flashing and the flashing insulation. A nailer strip
57 and counterflashing 42 are covered hy means of a metallic
cover 59 which has a downturned edge 60 extending over the
counterflashing 42 and providing an insert portion 62 which
is inserted into the joint 5~ and locked therein hy self-
lock~ng action of an upturned end 64 in the insert portion.
In Figure 3 there is illustrated yet another embodiment ofthe invention, w~erein the flashing insulation member 70 and
metal counterflashing 72 are secured to a vertical curb 74
by means of a metallic cover 76 which has a downturned edge
extending over the counterflashing and an opposing upper end
portion 78 which extends upwardly along the vertical curb.
A second cover, or equipment flange 80 has a downturned edge
which extends over the upper end 78 to provide an additional
waterproofing for the counterflashing,
