Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
S
Hlgh molecular weicJht alkenyl succinic deriva-tives are
effective dispersants inlubrica-ting oils. For example,
alkenyl succinimides of various amines are described in
U.S. Patent Specifications 3,219,666 and 3,172,892. Alkerlyl
succinic es-ters are described in U.S. Patent SpeciEications
3,381,022 and 3,331,776. Dispersan-ts containing both ester
and amide groups are disclosed in U.S. Patent Specifications
3,184,474 and 3,804,763.
Many of these dispersants provide ade~uate dispersancy
but tend to produce piston lacquer when used in internal
combustion engines.
~ccording to the present invention, ashless dispersants
are provided which have reduced pis-ton lacquer deposition
characteristics when used in internal combustion engines.
These additives are the reaction products of (a) high
molecular weight hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids,
anhydrides or esters (b) alcohols, (c) hydroxy-substituted
amines, (d) hydrocarbyl succinimides or succinamides and
(e) polyox~alkylene amines.
More particularly, the invention provides an ashless
dispersant for use in lubricating oil, said dispersant
being the product made by the process comprising reacting
(a) 0.9-1 moles oE a hydrocarbon-substituted
succinic acid or anhvdride wherein said hvdro-
carbon substltuent has an average molecular wei~ht
of at least 700,e.g. 700 to 5000.
(b) 0.1-1. 0 moles of an alcohol contalning
1-6 hydro~y groups,
(c) 0.01-0.5 moles of a primary or secondarv
_. L _ ~,
~rc:~f~
hydroxy-~ubstitut~d amine conta.ini.ncJ 1-3 h~droxy
groups,
(d) 0.01-2.5 moles of a hydrocarbyl succiniTnide,
or succinamide, and
(e) 0.005-0.5 moles of a polyo~yalkyl.ene amine
having the structure
H 2N- R~O- R~ NH 2
~ or
Rl[ (O-R) n -NH2]p
where R is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon
group containing 2-4 carbon atoms, Rl is a poly-
valent saturated hydrocarbon radical having the
valence p and containing 2-10 carbon atoms, m is
an integer from 1 to 50, n is an integer from 1 to
40 such that the-sum of all n's is from about 3 to
40 and p is an integer from 3 to 6,
wherein said hydrocarbyl succinimide or succinamide in (d) .s
the product made by reacting ahydrocarbyl succinic anhydride,
acid, or ester with an amine containing 2-6 amino nitrogen
atoms, at least one of which is primarv, and 1-30 carbon atoms,
at least part of said hydrocarbyl succinimide or succinamide
containing at least one reactive primary or secondary aminegroup.
When a hydrocarbyl succinic ester is used in (d) the
lower esters are preferred such as the methyl, ethvl,
isopropyl or isobutyl esters so that the displaced alcohol
will distil-off during the reaction~
The hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids or
anhydrides are known compounds, They can be readilv made b~
.f - 2 -
jrc:!~
re~ctin~ an oleE:in o~ appropriatc~ molecular weight with
amaleic anhyclr:id~ at elevated ternperatures. ~E desired, a
cat~lys-t such as chlorine (U.S. Pa-tent Specifica-tion
3,912,76~) or peroxide (S~AEo Patent Specification 73-07245)
can be included. The product ~ormed is a hydrocarbon-
substitu-ted succinic anhydride. If desired, this can be
hydrolyr~ed to the acid or reacted with lower alcohols (e.g.
methanol, ethanol, isobutanol, isopropanol, and the like)
to provide es-ters.
The preferred hydrocarbon substituent is a polyo~efin
substituent such as polypropenyl, polyisobutenyl, and the
likeO Succinic derivatives having such substituents are
made by heating a polyolefin of proper molecular weight
with maleic anhydride as described above.
The average molecular weight of the hydrocarbon sub-
stituen-t may sui-tably be from 700 to 30,000. The use of
higher molecular wei~ht e.g. 10,000-30,000, for the hydro-
carbon substituents does provide VI improving properties.
Good detergent properties however can be obtained in the
range of 700 to 5000. Most pre~erably, the hyarocarbon
substituent is a polyisobutenyl group having a molecu].ar
weigh-t of 700 to 2000.
A broad range of alcohols can be used such as methanol,
isobutanol, dodecanol, eicosanol, -triacontanol, hentria-
contanol, oc-tatriacontanol, ethylene glycol r diethyléne
glycol, triethylene glycol, propYlene glycol, glycerol,
sorbitol, mannitol, sorbitan, mannitan, octadecanol, penta-
erythritol, dipentaerythritol, and the like. It can be seen
that these include monohydroxy and polyhydroxy alcohols
jrc:~
lS
containincJ up -to six hydrox~ ~roups, ~rhe p~eferred alcohols
contain 1 to 4 hydroxy groups and 1 to 40 carbon atoms~
The more preEerred alcohols are the hindered polyols.
Useful hindered polyols are those which contain 5-10
carbon atoms and 3-4 hydrox~ ~roups. ~epresenta-tive examples
are trimethylolethane, trime-thylolpropane, trimethylolbutane,
and pentaerythritol. Although no-t preferred, e-thers of these
polyols can be used such as dipentaerythritol.
Primary and secondary hydroxy-substituted amines include
amines which contain an amino nitrogen atom having at least
one reactive hvdrogen atom bonded to it. The amines also
contain 1-3 hydroxy substituents and preferably 2-20 carbon
atoms. Examples of such amines are ethanol amine, diethanol
amine, propanol amine, N-ethanol dodecyl-amine, N-ethanol,
oleylamine, N-ethanol ethylenediamine, ethylene oxide treated
polyeth~lene amines such as oxyalkylated diethylene triamine,
triethylene tetramine, tetrae-thylene-pentamine, pentaeth~lene
hexamine and the like. The most preferred hydro~y-suhstituted
amines are tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane designated herein
as "T~AM" and diethanol amine.
Suitable hydrocarbyl succinimides and succinamides
used in Step ~d) include those in which the hydrocarb~l group
contains at least 12 up to 200 carbon a-toms. Examples of such
h~drocarbyl groups are dodecvl, dodecenyll tetradecyl, eicosyl,
triacontvl, pentaacontyl, octaacontvl, and still higher alkyl
and alkenyl substitutents. Processes for making such compounds
are well known; see for instance U.S. Patent Specifications
3,219,666; 3~172,892; 2,182,178; and 2,490,744~ Thev are made
by reacting a hydrocarbyl succinic anhydride, acid or ester with
-- 4
jrc;~
an amine~.
Preferably, the hvdrocarhyl group is derived from a
polyoleEin such as polypropylene or polyisobu-tylene containing
12 to 200 carbon atoms. The most preferred hydrocarbyls are
derived from polyisobu-tylene containing 50-200 carhon atoms
(mol. w-t. 700-2800).
The imide or amide yroup of the succinimide or
succimamide in Step (d) is derived -Erom primary or seconaary
amines con-taining 2-6 amino nitrogen atoms, at least one of
which is primarv and 1-30 carbon atoms. Imide formation
requires that the amine contain at least one primarv amino
group. Representative examples of useful amide or imide
forminq nitrogen compounds are N, N-dime-thvl-propanediamine,
N-octadecenyl propanediamine, N-(octadecenylaminoprop~l)
propanediamine, piperazine, plperidine, N-aminoethYlpiperazine,
N-aminoethylmorpholine, 1, 6-hexane-diamine, and the like.
Preferably the amide or imide group is derived by
reacting a hvdrocarbyl succinic acid or anhydride with a
polyethylenepolyamine. These amines are someti~es named
polyethyleneamines or ethvlenepolyamine. These amines for
the mos-t part consist of compounds having the Eormula
H2N--~--CH2C112NH -) q -H
wherein ~ is aninteger from 1 to about 10. Such amines
are commercial products, represerltative examples include
ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethvlenetetramine,
tetraethylenepen-tamine, and the like, includin~3 mixtures
thereof. Thus, the hydrocarbyl succinimide is most pre-Eer-
ably a polyisobutylene succinimide of a polye-thvleneamine in
which the polvisobutylene ~roup contains 50-200 carbon atoms.
-- 5
,....
~ jrc~
~ S3~
The amount of primary or secondary ~mine used is such
that at least a part (e.g. at least 10 mole percent) of the
resultant hydrocarbyl succinimide or succ:inamide contains
at least one reactive primary or secondary amine group.
Preferabl~ 10-100 mole percent of the resultant succimimide
or succinamide molecules con-tain a primarv amine group. An
amount of 0.5 moles up to 2.0 moles of amine per mole o-E
hydrocarbyl succinic anhydride, acid or ester can be used.
The polyoxalkylene amines have the formulae
H2N~ ~O-R--~m------NH2
Rl ~ 0 R ~ n NH2]
wherein R, ~1~ m, n, and p are previously stated. Typical
R groups are
-CH2CH2-, CIH2~CH~ and -CH2-fH-
3 CH2-C~13
The compounds can be more specifically represented by the
formulae
_CH2fH~O~CH2CH~ NH2
C~3 C~3
~ CH2----~0-CH2CH2-~ n ~H2
CH3-CH2-C--CH2~----~0-CH2CH2) n ~H2
CH2~ -CH2CH2~--n~ NH2
The above polvoxyethylene amines and polyox~lpropylene
amines having a molecular weight of 200-2000 are commerciallv
available from Jefferson Chemical Companv unaer the Trade Mark
Jeffamines. Useful Jeffamines include those designated
*trade mark
jrc:~
~ t~
D 230 , D ~00 , D 1000 , D 200 , T ~03 , E~ 600 , ED 900
and ED 2001 .
The additives are readil~ made by reacting (a) 0.9-1.1
moles of the hydrocarbon-subs-titu-ted succlnic acid or
anhydride, (b) 0.1-1.0, more ~)referably 0.5-1.0 and most
preferablv 0.7-1.0 moles of the alcohol, (c~ 0.01-0.5, more
preferably 0.05-0.2 and most preferablY 0.07--0.1 moles of the
hydroxy substituted ~rimarv or secondary amine r (d) 0.01-2.5,
more preferably 0.01-0.5 and most preferablv 0.1~0.4 moles
of the hydrocarbyl succinimide or succinamide, and (e~ 0.005-
0.5, more preferably 0.000-0.15 and most preferably 0.01-0 1
moles of the polyoxyalkylene amine.
In one embodiment the reactants are all mixea together
and heated to reaction temperatures. A useful temperature
range is 100-350 C., more preferably 175-300 C. Alternatively,
the reactants may be mixed with each o-ther in any combination
and pre-reacted to form intermediate and finally the inter-
mediates mixed and reacted to form the final product.
In a most preferred embodiment, the products are made
in a two stage process by reacting in a first stage
(a~ 0.9-1.1 moles of a hydrocarbon-substi-tuted
succinic acid or anhydride wherein said hvdro-
carbon substituent has a molecular weight of at
least 700, e~g. 700-5000,
(b) 0.1~1.0 moles of an alcohol containing 1-~
hydroxy groups, and
(c) 0~01-0.5 moles of a primary or secondarv hvdrox~-
substituted amine containing 1-3 hydroxy groups,
to form an intermediate and in a second
*Trade mark _ 7 _
jrc~
''95
stage reclctiny said intermediate ~7ith
(d) 0.01-2.5 moles of a hydrocarhyl succinimide
or succ:inamide, and
(e) 0.005-0.5 moles of a polvoxyalkylene amine
havinq a structure
~ N-R--~~ m NH2
or ~ O~R-~--n--r-~H2]
wherein ~ is a divalent aliphatic hvdrocarbon
group containing 2-4 carbon atoms, Rl is a
polyvalent saturated hvdrocarbon radical having
the valence p and containing 2-lQ carbon atoms,
m is an integer from 1 to 50, n is an integer
from 1 to 40 such that the sum of all n's is ~rom
3 to 40 and p is an integer from 3 to 6,
wherein said hydrocarbvl succinimide or succinamide in (d~
is the product made by reacting a hydrocarbyl succinic
anhvdride, acid or ester with an amine containing 2~6 amino
nitrogen atoms, at least one of ~hich is ~rimary, and
1-30 carbon atoms, at least part of said hvdrocarbvl
succinimide or succinamide containing at least one reactive
primarv or secondary amine group.
The reaction temperature range in the multi-stage
process is about the same as in the single-stage procedure.
The invention includes a method of preparing ashless
dispersants comprising reacting
(a) 0.9 to 1.1 moles of a hydrocarhc~n-substituted
succinic acid or anhvdride ~herein said hvdrocarbon-
substituent has an average molecular wei~ht of at
least 700 e.g. 700 to 5000,
_ 8 -
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(b) 0.1 to 1.0 moles of an alcohol containing
1-6 hydroxy groups,
(c) 0.01 to 0.5 moles of a prim~r~ or secondary
hvdroxy-substituted amine containing 1 to 3
hydroxy qroups,
(d) 0.01 to 2.5 moles of a hvdrocarbvl
succinimide or succinamide, and
(e) 0.005 to 0.5 moles of a polvoxalkYlene
amine having the structure
H2N-R~ -R)`~ NH2
or Rl[(O-~)n-NH2]
P
- wherein R is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon
group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, Rl is a
polvvalent saturated hydrocarbon radical having
the valence p and containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms,
m is an integer from 1 to 50, n is an integer from
1 to 40 such that the sum of all n~s is from about
. 3 t~ 40 and p is an integer from 3 to 6,
wherein said h~7drocarbyl succinimide or succin~mide in (d)
is the product made by reacting a hvdrocarb~.71 succinic
anhvdride, acid, or ester with an amine containing 2 to 6
amino ni~rogen atoms r at least one of which is primar~l and
1 to 30 carbon atoms, at l~ast part of said hvdrocarbyl
succinimide or succinamide containing at least one reactive
primary or secondary amine group.
The invention also provides ashless dispersants which
are the product of such a method.
The invention also provides an additive package for
use in formulating a lubricating oil containing ashless
g _ ~
,., , ~, .
jrc:~
dispersant oE the invention and luhricat;na o:il, and
op-tionaLlv, other lubricating oil additives. Tvpicallv such
an addit:ive packaqe will contain the dispersant and an~
o-ther addi-tive at a concentration substantially above that
requlred in a lubrica-tinq oil com~osltion so that -the
packaae may be added to lubricating oil optionally with
further additive materials, to form a fullv formulated
lubricating oil composition.
The followinq example illustrates the preparation of
the dispersants.
E ample 1
In a reaction vessel under nitrogen was placed 200
grams (0.158 moles) of polvisobutenylsuccinic anhydride,
1.53 grams (0~013 moles) of THAM , 19.8 grams ~0.145 moles)
of pentaervthritol and 0.22 grams of p-toluene sulfonic acid.
The mixture was stirred a-t 190C. for three hours. Then 4.42
grams (0.011 moles~ of polyoxyproPvleneamine (Jeffamine D 400)
and 73.7 grams (0.031 moles) of a polvisobutenyl succinimide
of a polethyleneamine mixture having an average analysis of
-tetraeth~lene pentamine were added. The reaction was
continued at 190C. for 2.5 hours while water was removed
using a nitrogen stream. Then 165.3 grams of process oil
was added and the solution cooled to 130C. ,A 20 gram portion
of fil-ter aid was added and the mixture was filtered. The
filtrate was an oil solution of the additive dispersan-t.
Example 2
This procedure was conducted in the same manner as
Example 1 except using 5.7 grams (0.003 moles) of polvoxv-
propvlene amine, (Jeffamine D 2000) in place oE Jefamine D ~00
- 10 -
- *trade mark
~- ~ .
jrc:~-
rj
and the amount oE polyiso~Itenyl succinirnicle was ad~usted -to
97 grams ~0.041 moles) and 171.9 grams oE process oil was used.
The product was an active ashless dispersant.
Example 3
~ This procedure was conducted in the same manner as
Example 1 except using 18.7 grams (0.137 moles) of
pentaerythritol and 3.0 ~rams (0.0074 moles) of oxypropY-
lated trimethylolpropane triamine ~JefEamine T 403).
Example 4
This procedure was conducted in the same manner as
Example 1 except using 1.33 grams (0.012 moles~ of diethanol-
amine in place of THAM . The product was an active ashless
dispersantu
Example 5
This procedure was conducted in the same manner as
Example 1 except using 1.33 grams ~0.012 moles) of diethanol-
*
amine in place of T~AM and 5.7 grams (0.003 moles) of poly-
oxypropylene amine (Jeffamine D 2000) in place of Jeffamine
n 400 and the amount of polyisobutenvl succinimide was
adjusted to 97 grams (0.041 moles) and 171.5 grams of process
oil was used. The product was an active ashless dispersant.
Example_
This procedure was conducted in the same manner as
Example 1 except using 1.33 grams (0.12 moles) of diethanol-
*
amine in place of THAM and 4u8 grams (0.008 moles) of poly-
oxyalk~lene amine (Jeffamine ED 600) in place of Jef~amine
D 400 and the amount of polvisobutenyl succinimide was
adjusted to 83.3 grams (0.035 moles) andl68.4 grams o process oil
was used. The product was an active ashless dispersant.
-- 11 --
*trademark
j rc :GQ
s
Ex~mp:Le 7
In a reaction vessel was placecl l3n0 grams (1.03 moles)
of ~olvisobutenvlsuccinic anh~dri,de, 9.95 gxams (0.08 moles)
TH~M , 128.5 grams (0.94 moles) pentaerythritol and 1.43 grams
of p-toluene sulfonic acid. The mixture was s-tirred and
hea-ted under ni-trogen for three hours at 190C. Ni-troqen
was passed through the mixture to remove water formed in the
reac-tion. Then 37 grams (0~019 moles) of a polyoxypropylene
amine (Jefamine D 2000) and 630.5 grams (0.26 moles) of a
polyisobutenyl succinimide of a tetraethylenepentamine mixture
were added. This mixture was stirred for an additional 2.5
hours at 190C. while sweeping with nitrogen to remove water.
It w~s -then diluted with 1017 grams of process oil and cooled
to 130C. Then 80 grams filter aid was added and the product
was filtered, giving a useEul ashless dispersant.
Other similar products can be made bv substitu-ting the
other useful reactants described herein for those used in the
above examples.
- The additives are added to lubricating oil in an
amount which provide the desired amount of dispersancy. A use-
ful concentration is about 0.1-10 weight percent. A more pre-
ferred range is about 3.5 weight percent.
The present invention provides an improved crankcase
lubricating oil. Accordingly, an er~odiment of the invention
is an improved motor oil composition formulated for use as a
crankcase lubricant in an internal combustion engine wherein
the improvement comprises including in the crankcase oil an
amoun-t of the present additives sufficient to ~rovide
dispersancy.
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~*~rade mark
jrc~
s
The aclditi~s can be used in mineral oll or in
synthetic oils of viscositY suitable Eor use in th~ crank-
case of an internal combustion en~ine.
Mineral oils include those oE suitable viscosity
refined from crude oil Erom a:Ll ~ources including ~;ulfcoast,
midcontinen-t, Pennsylvania, California, Alaska, mid-east,
Africa, North Sea, Asian, and the like. Various standard
refinery operations can be used in processing ~he mineral
oil such as catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, hydrotreating
and the like.
Synthetic oil includes both hydrocarbon synthetic oil
and synthetic esters. Useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils
include liquid polymers of ~-olefins havin~ the proper
viscosity. Rspecial1v useful are the hydrogenated liquid
oligomers of C6~12 ~-olefins such as ~-decene tri~er.
Likewise, alkylbenzenes of proper viscosity can be used,
such as didodecylbenzene.
Useful synthetic esters include the esters of both
monocarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acia as well as
monohydroxy al~anols and polyols. Typical examples are
didodecyl adipate, trimethylolpropane, tripelargonate,
pentaerythritol tetracaproate, di-(2-ethylhex~l)adipate,
dilauryl sebacate and the like. Complex esters p~epared
from mixtures of mono- and dicarboxylic acid and mono- and
polyhydroxyl alkanols can also be used.
Blends of mineral oil with sYnthetic oil are
particularly useful. For example, blends of 10-25 weight
percent hydrogenated ~-decene trimer with 75-90 weight
percent 0.0000321 m /sec. (100F) mineral oil results in an
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~ A'l ~f~
excel:Lent lubrieank. Likewlse,blendS of about :L0-25 ~/eiyht
percent di-(ethylhexy:l.)cldipate with mineral oil of proper
viscosity results in a superior lubricating oil. Also blends
of synthetie hydrocarbon oil with synthetie oil are especially
useful when preparin~ low viscositv oil (e.c; S~E 5r~l 20)
sinee they permit these low viscosities without eontributing
e~eessive volatility
The more preferred lubricating oil eomposition ineludes
zine dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) in eombination with
the presen-t additives. Both zinc dialkyldithiophosphates
and zinc dialkaryldithiophosphates as well as mixed alkyl-
aryl ZDDP are useful. A typical alkyl-type ZDDP contains a
mixture of isobutyl and isoamyl groups~ Zine di-(nonyl-
phenyl)-dithiophosphate is a typical aryl-type ZDDP. Good
results are aehieved using sufficient ~DDP to provide 0.01-0.5
weight pereent zine. A preferred eoncentration supplies
0.05-0.3 weight percent zinc.
Another additive used in the oil compositions is the
alkaline earth metal petroleum sulEonates or alkaline
earth metal alkaryl sulfonates. Examples of these are
calcium petroleum sulfonates, magnesium petroleum sulfonates,
barium alkaryl sulfonates, ealcium alkaryl sulfonates or
magnesium alkaryl sulfonates. Both the neutral ana the over-
based sulfonates having base numbers up to 400 can be
benefieially used. These are used in an amount to provide
0.05-1~5 weight pereent alkaline earth metal ana more pre-
ferably 0.1-1.0 weight pereent. In a most preferred e~mbodiment
the lubricating oil eomposition eontains a ealeium petroleum
sulfona-te or alkarly (e.g. alkylbenzene) sulonate.
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~ jre:~
:'
f~ 5
Viscosity lnde~ improvers can be :inc:Luded such as the
polyalkylmethacrvlate tvpe or the ethylene-propylene copolymer
-type. Likewlse, styrene-diene VI improvers or st~rene-acr~late
copolymers can be used. Alk~line earth rnetal salts of
phosphosulfurized poly:isobut~lene are use~ul.
The present additives can be used in combination
with other ashless dispersan-ts such as the polvolefin-
substituted succinamides and succinimides of polvethvlene
polyamines such as tetraethylenepentamine. The p~lyolefin
succinic substituent is preferablv a polyisobutene group
having a molecular weight of from about 800 to 5000. Such
ashless dispersents are more fully described in U.S.
3,172,892 and U.S. 3,219,666.
Another useful class of ashless dispersants are the
polyolefin succinic es-ters of mono- and polyhydroxy alcohols
containing 1 to 40 carbon atoms
The succinic amide, imide and or ester tvpe ashless
dispersants may be boronated bv reaction with a boron
compound such as boric acid. Likewise, the succinic amide,
imide, and or ester may be oxyalkvlated by reaction with an
alkylene.oxide such as e-thylene oxide or propylene oxide.
Other useful ashless dispersants include the Mannich
condensa-tion products of polyolefin-substitu-ted phenols,
formaldehyde and pole-thylene polyamine. Preferably, the
polyolefin phenol is a polyisobutylene-substituted phenol
in which the polyisobutylene group has a molecular weight
of from 800 to 5000. The preferred polyethylene polyamine is
tetraethylene pentamine. Such Mannich ashless dispersants are more
fully described in the following United States Patent Spec-
ifications U.S. 3,368,972; U.S. 3,413,347; U.S. 3~442/808;
- 15 -
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æ~3s
U.S. 3,~,0~7; U.S. 3,53~,633; ~J.S. 3,591,~98; IJ.S. 3,600,37~;
U.S. 3,63~,5~5; ~.S. 3,697,57~; IJ.S. 3,703,536; U.S. 3,70~,3~8;
U.S. 3,725,480; U.S. 3,726,~82; U.S. 3,736,357; ~.S. 3,751,365;
U.S. 3,756,953; U.S. 3,792,202; U.S. 3,798,165; U.S. 3,798,247
and U.S. 3,8n3,039.
The above Mannich dispersan-ts can be reacted with
boria acid to Eorm boronated dispersants having improved
corrosion properties.
Tests have been carried out whichdemonstrate the
effectiveness of the present additives. The base oil in
all cases was ~ormulated to contain a phosphonate phenate,
a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, a low base and high base
calcium sulfonate, an anti-foam agent and 4 weight percent
of the test additive.
The additives were tested in the CAT lH2 240 hour
engine test. This is an industrv standard diesel engine
test. The results were as follows: 3
-1 2 Lacquer
Additive TGC TW~ Demerits
Commercian succinimide O, 174 282, 1954 28~, 1334
dispersant
Example 7 27 69 10
. 1TOP groove carbon
Total weighted demerits
3Lacquer demerit is that portions of the TWD due to lacquer
deposit.
4replicate runs
These results clearly show -the superiority oE the
present additives compared to a commercial succini~ide ashless
dispersant in reducing engine lacquer.
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