Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
POLYCARBONATE-SILICATE COMPOSITIONS
Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to polycarbonate
compositions and~ more particularly, ~o aromatic poly- ``
carbonate-silicate blends.
Brief Description of the Invention
A polycarbonate composition comprising an aromatic
thermoplastic polycarbonate resin and .025 to 5 phr of a
silicate particulate having an average particle size of
about .05 to about 20 microns and selected from the group
consisting of hydrous alumino silicates, anhydrous alumino
silicates, sillimanite minerals and wollastonite was found
to be especially suitable for the preparation of films of
low coefficient of static friction, high light transmission
and virtual freedom from haze.
Description of the Pr~or Art
Polycarbonates derived from reaction involving
organic dihydroxy compounds and carbonic acid derivatives
have found extensive commercial application because of
their excellent mechanical and physical properties. These
thermoplastic polymers are particu:Larly suited for the
manufacture of molded articles for which impact strength,
rigidity, toughness, thermal and d:Lmensional stability as
well as excellent electrical properties are required.
Furthermore, polycarbonates are eminently suited for
casting or extrusion into films which are
characteristically of high clarity, color and oxidative
sta~ility as well as flame resistance.
One deficiency of polycarbonate-based films has
been the high coefficient of static friction, a factor
effecting their handling and somewhat restricting their
usefulness. It has been the experience of
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
3~
- 2 -
those skilled in the art that the surfaces of films
tend to stick when they are made to slide over similar
surfaces, a tendency sometimes referred to as "block-
iness", due largely to their high coefficient of static
friction.
In this connection, see "Slip and Antiblock
Agents - A Guide to Their Use", by H. W. Mock et al,
Plastics Technology, August 1974, page 41; "Slip and
Antiblocking Agents - Attaining that Delicate ~alance",
by A. M. Birks, Plastics Technology, July 1977, page
131; and "Does the slip of your web help or hurt its
performance?", by R. L. Mueller, Package Engineering,
April 1973, page 61.
Attempts to lower that friction by chemical
modifiers are not entirely satisfactory in that such
modifications adversely affec~ other, desirable prop-
erties of the films. U.S. 3,424,703 teaches lowering
the coefficient of friction of polycarbonate films by
adding small amounts of either silica or talc. One
notable disadvantage entailed in the use of silica
relates to the limit of about 1 phr that may be incorp-
orated in polycarbonates be~ore processin~ difficulties
are encountered. It is thus an obJect of the present
invention to provide a polycarbonate-silicate composi-
tion of improved processability suitable for the ~re-~-
aration of films of low static coeflicient of fric-
tion. It is a further object to provide a
polycarbonate-silicate concentrate composition compris-
ing up to about 5 phr silicate.
DETAILE~ DESCRIPTION_OF T~E INVENTION
The polycarbonate resins useful in the prac-
tice of the invention are homopolycarbonates, copoly-
~lo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
~7~37
--3--
carbonates and terpolycarbonates or mixtures thereof.
The polycarbonates generally have molecular weights of
10,000-200,000 (weight average molecular weight) pre-
ferably 20,000-80,000, and are additionally character-
ized by their melt flow of 1-24 gm/10 min. at 300C per
ASTM D-1238. These polycarbonates may be prepared, for
example, by the known diphasic interface process from
phosgene and bisphenols by polycondensation (see German
OS 2,063,050; 2,063,052; 1,570,703; 2,211,956; 2,211,957
and 2,248,817 and French Patent 1,561,518, and the mono-
graph, "H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycar-
bonates", Interscience Publishers, New York, 1964).
The aromatic polycarbonates may be based on
the ollowing bisphenols: hydro~uinone, resorcinol,
dihydroxy diphenyls, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-alkanes,
bis~(hydroxyphenyl)-cycloalkanes, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-
sulphides, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-ethers, bis-(hydroxy-
phenyl)-ketones, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulphoxides,
bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulphones and ~ bis-(hydroxy-
phenyl)-diisopropyl benzenes, as well as the correspond~
ing compounds substituted in the nucleus. These and
other suitable aromatic dihydroxy compounds have been
described in U.S. Patents 3,028,3S5; 2,999,835;
3,148,172; 3,271,368; 2,991,273; 3,271,367; 3,780,078;
2S 3,014,891 and 2,999,84Z and in German OS 1,570,703;
2,063,050 and 2,063,052 and in French Patent 1,561,518.
Preferred aromatic polycarbonates are those
in ~hich 5-100 mol ~ of the structural units corres-
pond to formula (1):
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
~. . ,~,
~9~
-- 4
t ~ ~ R X - C ~ O-C ~ (l)
wherein Rl, R2, R3 and R4 Cl C10 Y ~
Cl, Br, phenyl and ~, X = a single bond, -O-, -CO-, S,
SO, -S02, -Cl-C10 alkylene, Cl-C10
alkylidene, C5-C15 cycloalkylene, C5-C15
cycloalkylidene, C7 C20 cycloalkyl alkylene,
C6-C20 cycloalkyl alkylidene or
CH3
lS CH3 ~ CH3
CH3
and/or formula (2)
o ~ ~ ~ O-C ~ (2)
wherein 7, = C5-C20 alkylene, C5-C20 al y
C5-C15 cycloalkylene, C5-C15 cycloalkylidene,
C7~C20 cycloalkyl alkylene or C6-C20 cycloalkyl
alkylidene.
Aromatic polycarbonates containing 5-30 mol %
of structural units of formula (1) and/or (2) as well
as those containing 50-100 mol % of these structural
units are ~articularly preferred.
PreÇerred structural units of formula (1) are
those of formula ~3):
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
119793~
--r --~ x ~--o-c I - (3)
C CH3
wherein X is as defined above.
The structural units of Eormula (3) may be
based on the following bisphenols, for example:
bis:(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl); bis-t3,5-dimethyl-
4-hydroxyphenyl)-ether; bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
phenyl)-carbonyl; bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy~henyl)-
sulphone; bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane;
1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane; l,l-bis-
(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane; 2,2-bis-(3,5-
dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-butane; 2,4-bis-(3,5-di-
methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl butane; 2,4-bis-(3,5-
dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-butane; 3,3-bis-(3,5-di-
methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-pentane; 3,3-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-
4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexane; 4,4-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)-heptane; 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)~octane; 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
phenyl)-nonane; 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
phenyl)-decane; l,l-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
phenyl)-cyclohexane; 1,4-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
phenyl)-cyclohexane; ~ bis-~3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
phenyl)-p-diisopropyl benzene; and ~,~'-bis-(3,5-
dimethyl-4-hydroxy2henyl~-m-diisopropyl benzen~.
Those structural units of formulae (1) and (2)
which are based on the followin~ bisphenols are
particularly preferred: bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
phenyl)-methane; 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
phenyl)-propane; 2,4-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
~9~7937
- 6 -
phenyl)-2-methyl butane; 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl~-cyclohexane; ~, a I -bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropyl benzene; 2,2-bis-(3,5-di-
chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, 2,2-bis-(3,5-dibromo-
4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane; 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
cyclohexar-e; ~a, a ' -bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-m-diisopropyl
benzene; a, a I -bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropyl
benzene; 2,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl butane;
2,2-bis-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane; and
2,2-bis-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane.
In addition to containing structural units of
formulae (1) and (2), the preferred polycarbona-tes
preferably contain structural units of formula (4):
~ o ~ c ~ \ O-c ~ (4)
Polycarbonates based solely on the above-
mentioned o,o,ol,o'-tetramethyl-substituted bisphenols
are particularly important; in particular, the ho~nopoly-
car~onate based on 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-
4 hydroxyphenyl)-propane.
Also suitable ~or the preparation of the poly-
carbonates of the invention are dihydroxybenzenes ofthe structural formula:
HO~ X --~ OH
(R )m (R )m
Mo-2225-CIP
PC- 104/1 06-CIP
793~
--7~
wherein Rt and Rs independ~ntly denote C1-C10 alkyls,
m is an integer of from 0 to 2, X is S, C, O, or S
.. .. ..
O O S
and n is either 0 or 1.
Among the resins suitable in the practice of
the invention are included phenolphthalic-based poly-
carbonate, copolycarbonates and terpolycarbonates such
as are described in U.S. Patents 3,036,036 and 4,2I0,741.
In order to obtain special properties, mixtures
of various di-~monohydroxyaryl)-alkanes can also be
used; thus mixed polycarbonate resins are obtained. By
far the most useful polycarbonate resins are those'based
on 4,4'-dihydroxydiaryl methanes and more particularly
bisphenol A [2,2-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane].
Thus, when flame re~ardant characteristics are'to be
imparted to the basic polycarbonate resin, a mixture'
of bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A ~2,2-(3,5,3',5'-
tetrabromo-4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane~ is utilized
when reacting with phosgene or a like carbonic acid
derivative. Other halogenated phenolic diols are any
suitable his-hydroxyaryl such as the halogenated con-
taining bisphenols such as 2 J 2'-(3,5,3',5'-tetra-chloro-
4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane; 2,2-(3,5,3',5'-tetra-
bromo-4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane; 2,2-(3,5-dichloro-
4~4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane; 2,2-(3,31-dichloro-
5,5'-dimethyl-4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane; 2,2-(3,3'-
dibromo-4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane and the like.
Thbs'e halogenated diols are incorporated into the
polycarbonates at levels sufficient to impart flame
retardant characteristics. For example, a halogen con-
3~ tent of about 3 to 10% hy weight is normally sufficient.
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
,~,. ..
'7~3~
--8--
The polycarbonates of the invention may also
be branched by incorporating small quantities o~ poly-
hydroxyl compounds in them by condensation, e.g., 0.05-
2.0 mol % (based on the quantity o~ bisphenols used).
Polycarbonates o~ this type have been described, for
example, in German OS 1,570,533,' 2,116,974 and
2,113,347, British Patents 885,442 and 1,079,821 and
U.S~ Patents 3,'544,514 and 4,185,009. The following
are some examples of polyhydroxyl compounds which'may
be used for this purpose: phIoroglucinol; 4,6-dimethyl-
2,4,6-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl~-heptane-2; 4,6-dimethyl-
2,4,6~tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)~heptane; 1,3,5-tri-(4-
hydroxyphenyl)-benzene; l,l,l-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)
ethane; tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenyl-methane; 2,2-bis-
[4, 4 (4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-cyclohexyl]-propane;
2,4-bis-~4-hydroxyphenyl-4-isopropyl)-phenol; 2,6-bis-
(2'-dihydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,4-
dihydroxy-benzoic acid; 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-
dihydroxy-phenyl)-propane; l,4-bis-t4',4"-dihydrox~-
triphenylmethyl)-benzene and 3,3-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
oxindole.
In addition to the polycondensation process
mentioned above and which essentials are described
below, other processes for the preparation o~ the poly-
carbonates o~the invention are polycondensation in ahomogeneous phase and transesteri~ication. The suit-
able processes are disclosed in ~.S. Patents 3,02Z,365i
2,999,~46; 3,248,414; 3,153,008; 3,215,668, 3,'187,065;
2,064,974; 2,070,137; 2,991,273 and 2,000,835.
~o-2225-CIP
RC-10~/106-CIP
,.
~v ,
~ ~ ~'79 3 ~
The preferred process is the interfacial poly-
condensation process.
According to the interfacial polycondensa~ion
process, copolycarbonate resins are obtained by
reacting the aromatic dihydroxy compounds with an
alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal oxide or
hydroxide to form the salt of the hydroxy compounds.
The salt mixture is yresent in an aqueous solution or
suspension and is reacted with phosgene, carbonyl bro-
mide or bis-chloroformic esters of the aromatic dihy-
droxy compounds. An organic solvent is provided in the
reaction admixture wllich is a solvent for the polylner
but not or the aromatic dihydroxy salts. Thus,
chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons or chlorinated aro-
matic hydrocarbons are used as the organic solventwhich dissolves the condensation product. In order to
limit the molecular weight one may use monofunctional
reactants such as monophenols, for example the propyl-,
isoprop~l- and butyl-phenols, especially p-tert-butyl-
~o phenol and phenol itself. In order to accelerate the
reaction, catalysts such as tertiary amines, quaternary
ammonium, phosphonium or arsonium salts and the like
may be used. The reaction temperature should be about
~20 to ~150C, pre~erably 0 to about 100C.
2S According to the polycondensation process in a
homogeneous phase, the dissolved reaction components
are ~olycondensed in an inert solvent in the presence
of an equivalent amount of a tertiary amine base
required for absorption of t~e generated ~Cl, such as,
e.g. 9 I~ dimethyl-aniline, I~,W-dimethyl-cyclohexyl-
amine or, preferably, pyridine and the like. In still
another process, a diaryl carbonate can be transesteri-
Mo-2225-ClP
PC-10~/106-CIP
~9~937
- 10 -
fied with the aromatic dihydroxy compounds to form the
polycarbonate resin.
It is to be understood that it is possible to
combine in the processes described above in a chem-
ically meaningful way both the aromatic dihydroxy com-
pounds and the monohydroxy compounds in the form of the
alkali metal salts and/or bis-haloformic acid esters
and the amount of phosgene or carbonyl bromide then
still required in order to obtain high molecular pro-
ducts. Other methods of synthesis in forming the poly-
carbonates of the invention such as disclosed in U.S.
Patent 3,912,688, incorporated herein by reference, may
be used.
In the context of the present invention sili-
cates are aluminosilicates either hydrous (clays) oranhydrous (Feldspars) as well as the sillimanite group
of minerals (conforming to A12SiO5) and
Wollastonite (conforming to CaSiO3).
Silicates useful in the practice of the inven-
tion may be surface treated, such as by the applicationof coupling agents thereon to render improved compati-
bility with the polycarbonate matrix.
Clays are aluminum silicate minerals charac-
terized by their crystal structure and chemical makeup
and are widely known and used in a variety of appli-
cations.
In the practice of the in~ention, clays,
preferably calcined clays, may be used provided théir
moisture content does not exceed 2.0%, preferably 0.5%.
Among the clays suitable in the context of the
present invention are bentonite, such as is available
from Whittaker, Clark & Daniels, Inc. of South Plain-
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
7937
field, New Jersey, under the tradename 660 Bentonite,
and calcined kaolin, such as is available from Engel
'nard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation of Edison, ,~ew
Jersey, under the tradename Satintone, as well as from
other commercial sources some of which are referred to
in the working examples of this disclosure. Typically,
calcined kaolin suitable in the practice of the inven-
tion is characterized by the properties listed below:
Average particle size, microns 0.8
lO Residue 325 mesh, max. % 0.01
Oil absorption (ASTM DZ 81-31) 85-95
Oil absorption (Gardner Coleman) 100-120
Color (G.E. brightness~ 90-92
Refractive index 1.62
15 Specific gravity 2.63
pH 4.5-5.5
Bulking value: lbs./gal. 21.9
Bulk density, lbs./~t.3: loose 10-15
fi.rm 15-20
20 Free moisture, max. % 0.5
Other silicates suitable in the context of the
present i.nvention are synthetlc sodium aluminum sili-
cates such as are available in commerce from Degussa
Corporation of Teterboro, New Jersey under the trade-
name Sipernat~ 44. Conforming approximately to the
formula Na20-A1203-2SiO2-4H20, Sipernat~ 44
is characterized by the properties listed below.
l~lo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
~793~7
- 12 -
_o~erty Test Method
Medium size of aggregates DI~ 51 033 3-4 ~m
(Andreasen)
Sieve residue DIN 53 580 <0.1 %
(Mocker, 45 ~m)
Tamped density DIN 53 194 approx. 450 g/l
Drying loss DIN 55 921 **
(2 hrs. at 105C~
Ignition loss *** DIN 55 ~21 approx. 20 %
(1 hr. at 800C)
pH-value DII~l 53 200 approx. 11.8
(in 5% aqueous dispersion)
20 Sio2 * ap~)rox. 42 %
A1203 * approx. 36 %
Na2O approx. 22 %
Fe203 * approx. 0.02%
* referre~ to the substance ignited for 1 hr. at
800C
** measured values are not consistent
*** total ignition loss, re-ferred to the original
substance
Generally, the silicates suitable in the prac-
tice of the invention may range in their average par-
ticle size from about 0.05 to about 20 microns, pre-
ferably from 0.075 to about 15 microns and most prefer-
ably from 0.075 to about 5 microns.
The polycarbonate com~ositions of the inven-
tion may incorporate from 0.025 to 5 phr silicates and
be thus particularly suitable as concentrates to be
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
~7~3~
diluted by admixing with polycarbonate resin to a prede-
~ermined loading.
Further, the polycarbonate compositions of the
invention may incorporate 0.025 phr to about 1.0 phr,
preferably 0.025 to about 0.1 phr, of silicates and be
thus particularly suitable for the preparation of films
which are characterized by their low static coef~icient
of friction.
Although the results tabulated below, wherein
summarized are test results indicative of the inventive
concept, are believed clear, the following notes are
offered by way of further elucidation:
The results reported in the tableswere ob-
tained upon testing of the solution cast films and as
is ~ell known in the art, these results are indicative
of trends to be expected upon ~he evaluation of ex-
truded films. It should further be noted that the
values o the coefficient of friction thus obtained are
significantly higher than the values obtainable upon
testing the corresponding extruded films. Accordingly,
~s and ~k are respectively the static and kinetic
coefficients of friction as measured per ASTM D-1894-
78. The symbols O-0, 0-I and I-I are significant in
identifying the surface of the sample tested. The
films whose properties are reported below were all cast
from solution onto glass and the "air side" of the fil
is designa~ed as 0 while the glass side is designated
I. The "torture test" is conduc-ted on a 3 oz. injec-
tion molding machine at a temperature of 725F and mold-
ing cycles of one minute and is designe~ to test thethermal stabili~y of a resinous composition. A skilled
operator may determine, by evaluating the par~s molded
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
7 9
-14-
under the processing parameters above, whether the
composition suffers thermal degradation, for instance, upon
the incorporation of additives thereto. A subjective
evaluation indicative of the sufficiency of thermal
stability is reported in the table below.
Measurements of melt flow were carried out as an
added criteria indicating structural or chemical changes
that may occur upon the incorporation of the silicate
additive. An abnormal change in flow, which may indicate
depolymerization or cross-linking may point ~o processing
difficulties which can be expected upon the extruding of
the compound into films. Surprisingly, the silicates used
in the present invention appears to bring about a degree of
improved thermal stability to the silicate-polycarbonate
system.
The compositions of polycarbonate silicates of the
invention are prepared by blending a polycarbonate resin
with a predetermined amount of sui.table sillcate to provide
a homogeneous dispersion thereof in the resin. Such
blending may be carried out in any of suitable blenders or
mixers commonly used in the art. The preparation of films
by the solu~ion casting method~ extrusion and by blow
molding techniques are described in the monograph,
"Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates", H. Schnell,
Interscience Publishers, 1~64, and in "Polycarbonates", by
Christopher and Fox, Rheinhold Publishing Corporation,
1962. The compositions of the instant invention are
suitable for the preparation oF thin films (less than 10
mils) o excellent clarity and low static coefficient of
friction.
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
3793~
- 15 -
The polycarbonate resin used in the course of
the experiments is HMS 3119, a branched poIycarbonate
resin of 1.29-1.30 relative viscosity (measured on 0.5%
solution in methylene chloride) and having a melt flow
rate of 1.5-2.5 g/10 min., per ASTM-D 1238 and is a
product of Mobay Chemical Corporation. The coefficient
of static friction (0-O) of llMS 3119 is about 10Ø
The haze and light transmission values of HMS 3119 are
0.4% and 91.9% respectively. The thickness of the
films which properties are tabulated below was l mil.
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-~IP
9 r7 9~ ;3 7
--16--
_ ~1 , . ~ . ~ . U~ . Ln ,~
~ o ~ Ul . ~ . ~, ~,
-
Q) C~
In ~ o o a
n ~ ~
~` ~D ~ ~ r- ~ ~ co
~ o ~ o o ~ U~ ~ ~ .
O 1~ ~ In ~
,_1 ~ ~/ CO 11~ N N t-- ~r
H ~I d' r l ~D t") ~ O~
o ~ U
X
_ ~ ~r ~ ~u~ ~ CO
~ ~ ~ r~ r~) O ~ ,1 ~ ~n .
O ~ ~~ ~ ~.7 ~ 00 ~ CO ~1 ~1
~:: o ~`J ,-1.-l ~ .. . a)
.,
. o u) r~
. o
(~ tO
I:Ll ~ O (~)
(U O
~1
U~ ~ ~I Ln C~) CO O r-
~_. . n ~ o a~ ~ o ~r ~9 .
N 1~1 ~ D n In ~ ~
~ ~_ . O N ,~
I` tl) ~ OD O a~
O O 1~ r~ ~ O L
:~ . ~ ~ Ln ~ Ln Ln ~ r~ r~
~ ~ ' ~ CO ~ ~ C~ r~ ~D r~
E~ ~ I ,1 ~ ~ Ln ~n ~n'~9 Ln ,~ ;
. ON r-1
Ln
O Ln O ~ r~
Q~ Ln ~r ~ ~ a) o ,~ Ln
E4 ~ D Ln Ln r~
~o . o ~
.,1 . O ~ ~ ~ co ~ r~ ~1
.~ O ~ Ln Ln ~D CO 0~ 0
' ~S. I ~ r Ln Ln c~
u~ .,~
O
',~, ~P
O
a) -r1 ~
O
LS~ ~r1
~ ~ O ~
-1 0
OO r~
L~ O H H ~
~1 h a) ~ O H ~ ~1
EO~
Mo-2225 -CIP
PC- 1 0 4/ l 0 6-CI P
~g7~37
--17--
~ ., .. ..
C~ . ~ N O ~1 ~1
o
CO~
O In
~o E~ o u~ o ~ o o ,~
O~
c o æ c~ o ~
. .. .
~ ~n ~ o ~ ~
_ P~ . . ~ . ~
Ln O ~ U~ . In ~ .
o~ ~r ~ ~D ~ )
u~ ~ I~ o a~ ~ .
a~ o O~
o a~ a~ U, ~ ~ ~r r~ o
P. . .
. . ~ . . .
o ~ o co u~
~ O ~
O co u~
. u~
. ~; . ~, ~ ~ I~ ~ In 1`
~ ~ , o ~ . ~ . . a)
s~ ~i ~ ~ t~
O ~ O .N ~ ~) 1~ O ~ ~)
t) ~ X c~
~ ~ . ,( ~ .. .. ~ a~
~;
-
a~ ~
_.
r~ O~o
a) v
la
0 3 ~ a~ u1 V u) ~ ul X (d
O aJ ~ o
o ~ ~ ~' b
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-104/106-CIP
37
8 -
Notes to table:
(1) The clay additives were blended in a poly-
carbonate resin HMS 3119, Mobay Chemical
Corporation. (2) Calcined kaolin, from Engelhard Minerals &
Chemicals Corporation, Edison, New Jersey
(3) Silane treated Satintone
(4) Hydrous kaolin from Burgess Pigment Company,
Sandersville, Geor~ia
(5) Ground calcined kaolin from ~nittaker, Clark &
Daniels, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
(6) Per ASTM D-1238
(7) See explanatory note in the specification;
F - fair; & - good; E - excellent
(8) Per ASTM D-1894-78
(9) Per ASTM D-1003-61
(]0) ~entonite frorn Whittaker, Clark & Daniels, Inc.,
South Plainfield, New Jersey.
Fil~s according to the invention comprising
aluminum silicate (synthetic) Table 2 and Wollastonite
Table 3 were prepared and tested as presented below.
Mo-2225-CIP
PC-10~/106-CIP
~L~97937
--19--
TABLE 2
PROPERTIES OY CAST FILMS MADE OF
POLYCA~30~ATE~SILICATE COMPOSITIONS
1 2 3 4
Polycarbonate resin(pbw) loo~l) lOOt ) 100( ) 100( )
10Silicate(3) (pbw) 1.0 1.0 - _
Compositions melt flow( ),
gm/10 min. 3.1 3.4 2.0
15Pellet r.v. 1.291 1.302 1.29
Film properties
Haze, 96 4.4 5.1 0.4 0.2
20Light transmission, ~ 91.6 91.6 91~9 91.8
Coefficient of Friction
25~ ~s 0.716 5.94 10.0 10.36
~K 0.761 ~528
0-I lls 1.52 0. 564 8. 53
~ 0.888 0.508 0.812
30 k
I-I ~s 10.15 0.787 6.35
~k - 1.19 0.508
.*
35 (1) Merlon HMS 3119
(2) Merlon ~50
(3) Sip~rnat~44
(4) P~r ASTM D-1238
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