Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
-- 1 --
DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to surfactant comblnations
which provide good detergency and, optionally, good fluorescer
eEfectiveness and/or suds control and/or corrosion inhibition
in a laundry context. Such compositions can be either built
or unbuilt, granular or liquid, and can contain the usual
auxiliary ingredients common to such compositions.
Description of the Prior Ar-t
Alkylpolyglycosides whlch are surfactants have
been disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,598~865; 3,721,633; and
3,772,269. These patents also disclose processes for making
alkylpolyglycoside surfactan-ts and built liquid detergent
compositions containing these surfactants. U.S. Patent 3,219,656
discloses alkylmonoglucosides and suggests their utility as foam
stabilizers for other surfactants. Various polyglycoside
surfactant structures and processes for making them are
disclosed in U.S. Pa-ten-ts 3,640,998; 3,839,318; 3,314,936;
3,346,558; 4,011,389, 4,223,129.
Summary of the Invention
. _
This invention relates to the discovery of certain
combinations of surfactants which provide lmusually good
detergency, especially in cool water, for a variety oE fabric
types. Specifically this invention relates to detergent
compositions comprising:
(1) from about 1~ to about 90% of an alkylpolysaccharide
detergent surfactant having the formula
RO(R'O)y(Z)
where R is an alkyl, hydroxy alkyl, alkyl phenyl,
alkyl benzyl, or mixtures thereof, said alkyl groups
containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms;
where each R' contains from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms,
~r~
. . ~
~2~:a5aS3
-- 2 --
preferably an ethoxy, propoxy, or glyceryl ~lroup, ancl
y is from O to about 12; and ~/h~re each ~ is a moiety
derivecl frorn a reclucing saccharide containiny 5 nr 6
carbon atoms, anc3 x is a nur!~ber from abou-t l-~ to abou t
10;
(2) from about 1% to about 90% o~ a nonionic deter~3ent
surfactant; and
~3~ from 0~ to about 90~ of a deterg~ncy build~r, the ratio
of ~I) to [2) bein~ from about 1:10 -to about 10:1, pre-
ferably from about 3:1 to about i 3.
A highly preferred variation also comprises from about 0.ûl
to about 2.0~8 of an anionic fluorescer (optical bri~3htener).
In another highly preferred variation, the nonionic deter~ent
surfactant is selectecl from -th~ ~roup consistin~ of amine oxide
detergent surfactants, amide deter~ent surfactants and mixtures
thereof, and the compos~tion additionally comprises ~ror~ about t~
to about 10% of an unsaturated soap containin~ from abou~ 16 to
t about ~2 carbon aton1s, and, preFera~1y, from ~bout 0~6 to 2bout
lOg~ of a synthetic anionic deter~ent surfactant.
Description of the Preferred_Embodiments
The Alkylpoh~saccharide Surfactant
It has surprisingly been found that the cosurfactants inter--
act with the alkylpolysaccharide surfactant o~ this inYention to
provide good laundry detergency for a ~lide range oF ~abrics.
The alkylpolysaccharides are those having a hydrophobic ~roup
containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from
about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e. 9., a
polyglycoside, hydrophilic ~roup containin~ from about I~F to ahout
10, preferably from about l~ to about 3, most preferably ~rom
about 1.6 to about 2.7 saccharide units. Any reclucing saccharid~
containing 5 or 6 carbon ator,ls can be used, e.~3. gIucose,
galactose and galactosyl moieties c2n substitute for the ~31ucosyl
n~;eties. (Optionally the hydrophobic group is attachecl at the ~,
3, 4 etc. positions thus giving a glucose or ~alactose as opposed
to a glucoside or galactoside. ) The intersaccharide bonds can be,
e.~.~ between the one po,ition of the additional sacch~ride units
r ,,
~1.2(~S3
and the 2-, 3-, 4-, andlor 6 positions on the precedin~3
saccharide units.
Optionally, and less desirably, there can be a polyalkoxid~
chain joining the hydrophobic moiety and -the polysacchar-ide
s moiety. The preferrecl all;oxide is ethylene oxicle. Typi~a~
llydropho~ic groups inclucle alkyl groups, either satura-ted or
unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing ~rom about ~ to
about 18, preferably from about 10 t~ about 16 car~on a~oms.
Preferably, the alkyl group is a straight chain saturated alkyl
group. The alkyl ~roup can contain up to 3 hydroxy ~roups
and/or the po~yalkoxide chain can contain up to about lû, pr~fer-
ably less than 5, most preferably 0, alkoxide rnoieties. S~Jitab~
alkyl polysaccharides are octyl, nonyldecyl, un~ecyldod~cyl,
tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptacl~:yl, and
octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta, and hexaglucos;d~s,
~3alactosides, lactosides~ glucoses, fructosides, fructoses, andJor
galactos~s. Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-,
tetra-, and pentaglucosides and ~allow alkyl tetra-, penta-, ancl
hexa~ lucosides .
The preFerred alkylpoly~lycosides have the formula
Fl~ O(CnH2nO)t(9lycosyllx
wherein F~ is selected from the group consistin~ of alkyl, zlkyl-
phenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures there~f
in whi~h said all;yl ~roups contain from about 10 to about 18,
preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms; n is ~ or 3,
preferably 2; t is from 0 to about 10, preferably û , ~nd x is
from 1~ to about 10, preferabiy from about 1~ to abou t 3, mos~
pre~erably from about 1.6 to about 2.7. The glycos~l is
preferably derived from ~lucose. To prepare cornpouncJs thF~
alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted
~/ith glucose, or a source o~ glucose, to form the ~luco~id~
(attachment a~ the l-position). The addilional glycosyl units are
attached between their l-posi~ion and the precedin~ ~Iycosyl units
2-, 3-, 4- andlor 6- position, preferably preclominate~y th~
2 - posi tion .
Preferably the content of alkylmonoglycoside is low, prefer-
ably less than about 60%, more preferably less -than about 50%.
Surprisingly, anionic fluorescers which are normally rela-
tively ineffective in the presence of conventional ethoxylated
nonionic detergent surfactants at high levels in the absence oE
substantial levels of anionic detergent surfactants, are very
effective when the alkylpolyglycoside surfactants are present.
For brightener effectiveness, -the ra-tio of alkylpolyglycoside
detergent surfactant to nonionic detergent surfactant should be
greater than about 1:4 preferably greater than a~out 1:3, most
preferably greater than about 1:1.
THE NONIONIC DETERGENT SURFACTANT
Nonionic Surfactant
_
Nonionic surfactants, including -those having an HLB of from
about 5 to about 17, are well known in the detergency art. They
are included in the compositions of the pxesent invention
together with the, e.g., alkylpolyglycoside surfactants defined
hereinbefore. They may be used singly or in combination with
one or more of -the preferred alcohol ethoxylate nonionic sur-
factants, described below, to form nonionic surfactant mixturesuseful in combination with the alkylpolyglycosides. Examples
of such surfactants are listed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,717,630,
Booth, issued Feb. 20, 1973, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,880,
Kessler et al, issued July 25, 1967. Nonlimiting examples of
suitable nonionic surfactants which may be used in the present
invention are as follows:
(1) The polye-thylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols.
These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl
phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to 12
carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain con-
figuration with ethylene oxide, said ethylene oxide being
present in an amount equal to 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide
per mole of alkyl phenol. The alkyl substituent in such
compounds can be derived, for example, from polymerized propy-
lene, diisobutylene, and the like. Examples of compounds ofthis type include nonyl
'~
~L2~ ;3
-- 5 --
phenol condensed with about 9.5 moles of ethylene oxide per moie
of nonyi phenoi; doclecylphenol condensed ~vith about 1~ moles of
e-thylene oxide per mole of phenol; dinonyl phenol condensed with
about 19 moles oF eehylene oxicle per mole oF phenol; anci cliiso--
5 oc~yl phenol condensed with al~out 15 moles of ethylene oxide permole of phenol. Commerc:îally available nonionic surfactants oF
this type includ~ Igepa~3CO-630 marketed by the GAF Corpor~
tion and Triton X-45 X-114 X-100 and X--102 all marketed by
the ~ohm ~ Haas Company.
(2) ~he condensation products of aliphatic alcohols wi-th
from about I to about 25 ~noles of ethylene oxide. The a~ky~ chain
of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or l~ranched pri-
mary or secondary and generally contains from about 8 lto about
22 carbon atoms. Examples of such ethoxylated alcohol~ include
the condensation produst of myristyl alcohol condensed with about
10 ~noles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol; and the conden-
sation prodL;ct oF about 9 moles o~ ethyiene ox;de with coconu~
alcohol (a mixture of fatty alcohols with alkyl chains varyin~ in
length from 10 to 14 carbon atoms). Examples o~ commercially
available nonionic sur~actants in this type include ~r~3itol~5-S-3
marketed by Union Carbide Corporation Neodo ~5-9 Neodol
23-~.5 Neodol 45-7 and Neodol 45-4 marketec3 by Shell Chemical
Company and Kyro(~)EOB marketed by The Procter ~ Gamble
Company .
~3) The condensation products of ethylene oxid~ with a
hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylen~ oxid~
with propylene glycol. The hydrophobic portion of these com-
pounds has a molecular~ weight of from about 1500 to 1800 and
exhibits ~Jater insolubility. The addition of polyoxyethylene
moieties to this hydrophobic portion eends to incre~3se the w ater
solubility oF the molecule as a whole and the liquid char~cter of
the product is retained up to the point ~Yhere lhe polyoxyethylene
content is about 50~ of the total weight of the condensa~on
product which corresponds to condensation ~/ith tlp to about ~0
35 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of compo lnds of this type
i
S~ ,
inclucle certain of the commercially availabie Pluronic surfactan~s,
marketed ~y Wyandotte Chemical Corporation~
14) The condensation products of ethylene oxide ~,Yith the
product resulting from the reaction oF propylen~ oxicie and ethyl-
5 enecliamine. The hydrophobic moiety oF these proclucts cons;stsof the reaction product oF ethylenediamine and ~xcess propylene
oxide, said moiety havin~ a molecular ~veight oF ~ror.~ a~out ~500
to about 3000. This hydrophobic moiety is condensed with ethyl-
ene oxide to the ex-tent that the conclensation product contains
10 from about 40~ to about 80~ by weight of polyoxyethylene and has
a molecular ~,veis~ht of from about 5,00Q to abou~ 11,000. ~xamples
of this type of nonionic surfactan~ include certain o~ th~ commer-
cialiy available Tetronic~)compounds, m~rke-~ed by ~I'lyandotte
Chemical Corporation.
15) Semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants include
water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from
about 10 eO 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group
consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl ~roups containin~
from I to about 3 carbon atoms; water-soluble phosphinf~ oxides
~0 containing one alkyl moiety of about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2
moieties selected from the group consistin~ of alkyl ~ro~lps and
hydroxyalkyl ~roups containing from about I to 3 carbon atoms;
and ~vater-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from
about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and a moiety selected frorr the group
25 consistîng of alkyl ancl hydro~yalkyl moieties o~ from about 1 to 3
carbon atoms.
Preferred semi-polar nonionic deter~3ent surfactants are the
amine oxide deter~ent surfactants havin~ the formula
o
R ~OR ~XNR52
v~herein R3 is an alkyl, hydroxy alkyl, or alkyl phenyl yroup or
mixtures thereoF containing from about ~ tn abou~ 22 car~or
atoms, R is an alkylene or hydroxy alkylen~ ~3roup containing
frorn 2 to 3 carbon atoms or mix-tures thereof, x is ~rom 0 to
about 3 and each R is an alkyl or hydroxy alkyl ~Jroup cont~in~
ing from I to about 3 carbon ato~s or a polyethylene oxide group
~2~53
containinci from one to about 3 ethylene oxide groups and said R5
~roups can be attached to each other, e.g., throuyh an oxy~;en
or nitrogen atom to form a ring structure.
Preferred arnine oxide deter~ent surfactants are C10 18 ~alkyl
dime-thyl amille oxide, C8 18 alkyl dihydroxy ethyl arnin~ oxicle,
and C8 12 ~Ikoxy ethyl dihydroxy ethyl amine oxide.
Nonionic detergent surfactan-ts ~ (4) are conventional
ethoxylated nonionic detergent surfactants.
Preferred alcohol ethl~xylate nonionic surfactants for use in
the compositions of the present invention are hiode~raciahle arlc~
have the forrnula
R (Oc2HL~)noi~i~
wherein R is a primary or secondary alkyl chain o~ frcrn about 8
to about 22, preferably from about 10 to about 20, carhon ~toms
and n is an average of ~rom about ~ to ai~out 12, particularly from
about ~ to about 9. The nonionics have an HLB ~hydrophilic--
lipophilic balance) of from about 5 to about 17, preferably fror:~
about 6 to about 15. tiLE3 is defined in de-tail in i~-onion_c
Surfactants, by ~1. J. Schick, Marcel Dekicer, Inc., 1966, p~es
606-6i3, incorporated herein by reference. In preFerred nonionic
surfactants, n is from 3 to 7. Pri~ary linear alcohol ethoxyiates
te.g., alcohol ethoxyla-tcs produced from organic alcohols w hich
contain about 20~ 2-methyl branched isorners, commerci~lly av~
able from Shell Chemical Company under the tradename i~`ieodoi)
are preferred from a performance standpoint.
Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants for us~ in the
compositions of the present invention inciude the condensation
product of C1O alcohol with 3 moles oi ethylene oxide; the concien
sation product of taliow alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxid~:
the condens~tion product of coconut alcohol ~vith 5 moles of ethyl-
ene oxide; the condensation product of coconut alcohol with
moies of ethylene ox;~le; the condensatiorr procJuct of C~2 alcohol
~vith 5 moles of ethylene o~ide; the condensation product c~f C12, 13
alcohol ~vith 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide, anc~ the sarl~ condens~
tion product which is stripped so as to remove subst~ntially all
I
s`~
- s -
lo~ver e.hoxylate and nonethoxylated fractions; the condensation
product of Cl;z 13 alcohol with ~.3 moles of ethylene oxide, ancl
the same conc~ensation product which is stripp~d so as to remove
substantially all lower ethoxylate and nonethoxylated Fractions;
5 the condensation product of C12 13 alcohol ith 9 moles of ethyl-
ene oxide; the condensation product oF C~ 5 alcohol with 7..25
nloles of ethyiene oxide; the cc~nde~sa-tion produc.t o-F C~ i <llco-
hol with 4 moles of ethylene oxide; the cond2nsation product of
C14 15 alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide; and the condens~-
tion product of ~ i4-15 alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide~
The compositions of the present invention may c~ntain mix-
tures of the preferred alcohol ethoxylate nonionic sur~ctant~
together with other types of nonionic surfactant~ On~ of th~
preferred nonionic surfactant mixtures con~ains a-t least one: of thla
15 preferred alcohol ethoxylate nonionics, and has a rat;c~ of the
preferred alcohol ethoxylate surfactant tor surfactants3 ts:~ the
other nonionic surfa~tant ~or surfactants) of ~rom about 1:1 to
about 5 1. Specific exarnp!es of surfactant mixtures usefu~ in the
present invention inclllde a mixture of the condensation product
20 of Cl~ i5 alcohol with 3 r.~oles of ethylene c-xide ( Neodol L~5-3) ~n~
the condensation produce of CIL~ 15 alcohol with 9 moles of ethyJ-
ene oxide (Neodol 45-9), in a ratio of lower ethoxylate nonior~ic to
higher ethoxylate nonionic of from about 1:1 to about 3:1; a rnix-
ture of the conclensation product of C1O alcohol ~,vith 3 moles of
25 ethylene oxide together with the concJensa~ion product of
secondary C15 alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxid~ ~TercJit~l
15-S-9), in a ratio of lower ethoxylate nonionic to high~r
ethoxylate nonionic of from about 1:1 to a~out 4:t; a mixture of
Neodol 45-3 and Tergitol I5-S ~, in a ratio of lower ~thoxyl~t~
30 nonionic ~o higher ethuxylate nonionic of from 2bout 1:1 to abo~lt
3:1; and a mixture of Neodol 45-3 with the condens~tion pr~c~u~t
of myristyl alcohol with IG moles o~ ethylene oxide, in ~ ratic~ c~f
lower ethoxylate -to higher ethox~late of from about 1:1 to ~bc-u~
3:1.
Preferred nonionic surfactant mixtures may also contain
alkyl glyceryl ether compounds together with the preferred
alcohol e-thoxylate surfactants. Particularly preEerred are
glyceryl ethers having the formula
R9-O(CH~CH2O)nCH~CHCH~OH
OH
wherein R9 is an alkyl or alkenyl group oE Erom about 8 -to about
18, preferably about 8 to 12, carbon atoms or an alkaryl group
having from about 5 to 14 carbons in the alkyl chain, and n is
from 0 to about 6, together with the preferred alcohol e-thoxyl-
ates, described above, in a ratio of alcohol ethoxylate -to
glycexyl ether of from abou-t 1:1 to about 4:1, particularl~
about 7:3. Glyceryl ethers of the type useful in the present
invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,098,713, Jones,
issued July 4, 1978.
The ratio of alkylpolyglycoside detergent surfactant to
nonionic detergent surfactant is from about 10:1 to about 1:10,
preferably from about 3:1 to about 1:3.
The Detergency Builder
. .
The detergent compositions herein also con-tain from 0% to
about 90%, preferably from about 5% to about 50%, and more
preferably from about 10% to about 35% of a detergent builder.
Such builders include, by way of example, a crystalline alumino-
silicate ion exchange material of the formula
Na [(AlO2)z-(SiO2)y] xH2O
wherein z and y are at least about 6, the molar ratio of z to y
is from about 1.0 to about 0.5 and x is from about 10 to about
264. Amorphous hydrated aluminosilicate materials useful herein
have the empixical formula
z( 2 Y 2)
wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammo-
nium, z is from about 0.5 to about 2 and y is 1, said material
having a magnesium ion exchange capacity of at leas-t about 50
milligram equivalents of CaCO3 hardness per gram of anhydrous
aluminosilicate.
,
s~
-- 10 --
The aluminosilicate ion exchange builcler materials herein are
in hyclrated form and contain frorn about 1()~ to about 2~ o~ /ater
by l,~Jeight if crys-talline, and potentially even hiyher amounts oF
water if amorphous. Hi~hly preferred crystalline aluminosilicate
5 ion exchange materials contain from about 18~ to about ~2~ water
in their crystal matrix. The preferred crystallin~ aluminosilicate
ion exchanse materials are further characterized hy a particie ~ize
diameter of from about 0.1 micron to about 10 microns. Amor-
phous materials are often smaller, e.g~, clown to less than abo~Jt
10 0 . 01 micron. More preferred ion exchange materials ha~e a parti~
cle size dlame-ter of from about 0.2 micron to abou~ ~I microns,
The term "particle size diameter" herein represents the averag~
particle si~e diam~er of a given ion exchan~e material ~s deter~
mined by conventional analytical techniciues SUC~I as, for exampie,
15 microscopic deterrnination utilizing a scannin~ electrorl microscope.
The crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchancie mater~als herein are
usually further charac~erized by their calcium ion ~xchan~3e
capacity, which is at ieast about 200 mg. equi~alen~ ol CaCO3
water hardnass/g. of aluminosilica~e, calculated on an ~nhycirous
20 basis, and which generally is in the range of from aboui 300 m~.
eq. Ig. to al~out 352 mg. eq./y, The aluminosilicate ion exchanc~e
materials herein are still further characteri~ed by their calcium
ion exchange rate which is at least abou~ 2 gra~ns ~`,a /~allonl~
minute/gram/gailon of a1uminosilicat~ ~anhyclrous basis), and
~5 generally lies within the range o-f from about 2 gr~ins/~3allon/-
minute/ciram/gallon to about 6 grains/cJallon/minute/~ram/~allorl,
based on calcium ion hardness, Optimum a1uminosilicates for
bui Ider purposes exhibit a calcium ion exci~ange rate of ?~t least
about 4 ~rains/~allon/minute/gramJgallon.
~ The amorphous aluminosilicate ion exchan~;e mate~ials usually
have a Prlg exchan~e capacity of at l~ast about ~iO m~3. eq.
CaCO3/9. tl2 m~3. M9 /9. ) and a Mg exchan~e rate ~f at least
about 1 grain/gallon/minutelgramlgalion, ~morphous materials clo
not exhibit an observable di~Fraction pattern ~hen exarnined by
35 Cu radiation ( I . 54 An~strom Uni t5) .
` \
53
- 11
Aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful in the
practice of -this invention are commercially available. The
aluminosilicates use-ful in this invention can be crystalline
or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring
aluminosilicates or syn-thetically derived. A method Eor
producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is discussed
in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel, et al, issued Oc-tober 12,
1976. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosi].icate ion
exchange materials useful herein are available under -the
designations Zeolite A, Zeo].ite P (B), and Zeoli-te X. In an
especially preferred embodiment, the crys-talline aluminosilicate
ion exchange material has the formula
12[(~lo2)12(sio2)12]~xH2o
wherein x is from about 20 to about 30, especially about 27.
Other examples of detergency builders include water-
soluble neutral or alkaline salts.
Other useful water-soluble salts include the compounds
commonly known as detergent builder materials. Builders are
generally selected from th~ various water-soluble, alkali
metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium phosphates, polyphos-
phates, phosphonates, polyphosphonates, carbonates, silicates,
borates, polyhydroxysulfonates, polyacetates, carboxylates,
and polycarboxylates. Preferred are -the alkali metal,
especially sodium, salts of the above.
Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders are
sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate, polymeric
metaphate havi.ng a degree of polymerization of from about 6 to
21, and orthphosphate. Examples of polyphosphonate builders
are the sodium and potassium salts of ethylene-l,l-diphosphonic
acid, the sodium and potassium salts of ethane 1-hydroxy-1,
l-diphosphonic acid and the sodium and potassium salts of
ethane, 1/ll2-triphosphonic acid. Other phosphorus builder
compounds are disclosed in ~.S. Patents 3,159,581; 3,213,030;
3,422,021; 3,422,137; 3,400,176 and 3,400,148.
:
~2~S3
Examples of nonphosphorus, inorganic builders are sodium
and potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbona-te, tetra-
borate decahydrate, and silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2 to
alkali metal oxide of from abou~ 0.5 to about 4.0, preferably
from about 1.0 -to about 2.4.
Water-soluble, nonphosphorus organic builders useful herein
include the various alkali metal, ammonium and substitu-ted
a~nonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates and poly~
hydroxysulfonates. Examples of polyacetate and polycarboxyla-te
builders are the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and sub-
stituted ammonium salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,
nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzene
polycarboxylic acids, and citric acid.
E~ighly preferred polycarboxyla-te builders herein are set
15 forth in U.S. Patent No. 3,308,067, Diehl, issued March 7, 1967.
Such materials include the water-soluble sal-ts of homo- and
copolymers of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid,
itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, fumaric acid, aconitic acid,
citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
Other builders include the carboxylated carbohydrates of
U.S. Patent 3,723,322, Diehl.
Other useful builders herein are sodium and potassium
carboxymethyloxymalonate, carboxymethyloxysuccinate, cis-cyclo-
hexanehexacarboxylate, cis-cyclopentanetetracarboxylate phloro-
glucinol trisulfonate, water~soluble polyacryla-tes (having
molecular weights of from about 2,000 to about 200,000 for
example), and the copolymers of maleic anhydride with vinyl
methyl ether or ethylene.
O-ther suitable polycarboxylates for use herein are the
polyacetal carboxylates described in U.S. Pat. 4,144,226, issued
March 13, 1979 to Crutchfield et al, and U.S. Pat. 4~246,495/
issued March 27, 1979 to Crutchfield et al. These polyacetal
carboxylates can be prepared by bringing together under
polymerization conditions an
53
ester of glyoxylic acid and a polymerization initiator. The re-
sulting polyacetal carboxylate ester is -then attached -to
chemically stable end groups to stabilize -the polyace-tal carb-
oxylate against rapid depolymeriza-tion in alkaline solu-tion,
converted to the corresponding salt, and added -to a surfactan-t.
Other detergency builder materials use-fuL herein are the
"seeded builder" compositions disclosed in Belgian Pa-tent No.
798,856, issued Oct. 29, 1973. SpeciEic examples oE such
seeded builder mixtures are: 3:1 wt. mixtures of sodium carbonate
and calcium carbonate having 5 micron par-ticle diame-ter; 2.7:1
wt. mixtures of sodium sesquicarbonate and calcium carbonate
having a particle diameter of 0.5 microns; 20:1 w-t. mixtures
of sodium sesquicarbonate and calcium hydroxide having a par-ticle
diameter of G.01 micron; and a 3:3:1 wt. rnixture of sodium
carbona-te, sodium aluminate and calcium oxide having a particle
diameter of 5 microns.
Other Ingredients
In addi-tion -to the essential detergent surfactants described
hereinbefore, the detergent compositions herein can contain from
about 1% to about 15~, preferably from about 2~ to about 8%, of
an organic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
anionic, ~witterionic, ampholytic, and cationic surfactants,
and mixtures thereof. Surfactants useful herein are listed in
U.S. Pat. 3,664,961, Norris, issued May 23, 1972, and U.S.
Pat. 3,919,678, Laughlin et al, issued Dec. 30, 1975. Useful
cationic surfactants also include those described in U.S. PatO
4,222,905, Cockrell, issued Sept. 16, 1980, and in U.S. Pat.
4,239,659, Murphy, issued Dec. 16, 1980. The following are
representative examples of surfactants useful in the present
compositions.
Water-soluble salts of the higher fatty acids, i.e.,
"soaps", are useful anionic surfactants in the compositions
herein. This includes alkali metal soaps such as the sodium,
potassium, ammonium, and alkylolammonium salts of higher
fatty acids containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms,
and preferably from about
~2~ 3
- 14 -
12 to about 18 carbon atoms. Soaps can be macle by direc-t
saponification of fa-ts and oils or by the neu~r~l;z~tion o-f free
fatty acicls. Particularly useful are the sodium and potassium sa~ ~s
of the mixtures o-f fatty acicls c!erived from coconut oil anc~ -t~tlow,
5 i.e., sodium or potassium tallo~Y ancl coconut soap. The pre-
ferrecl sOa?, as cliscussed hereinbefore and hereinafter, especi~lly
in combination ~,vi th semipolar or amide nonioni :: deter~en~ sur-
factants, is at least partially unsaturated.
The Unsaturated Soap
The unsaturated fatty acid soap of this invention contains
from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably in ~ str~i~ht
chain configuration. Preferably the number of carbon atorns in
the unsaturated Fatty acid soap is from about 16 to about 18.
The unsaturated soap, in common with other an~onic d~ter-
15 gent znd other anionic mate-rials in th~ deter~en~ com,c~sitions ~
this invention, has a cation which renders the soap ~,vat~r-solu~le
and/or dispersible. Suitable ca~ions include sodi~m, ~otassi~
ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolarnonium, trieth~nol-
.. .
ammonium, tetramethylammonium, etc. cations. Sodium ions are
preferred although in liquid formulatiorls ammonium, and
triethanolammoniurl cations are useful.
A level of at least about 1~ of the unsatur~ted ~atty c~cid
soap is desirable to provide a noticeable recluction in sudsin~ anc~
corrosion. Pre;erred levels o~ unsaturated fatty acid soap ar~
from about 1% to about 15~, preferably from about 1~ -~o about 10~,
rnost preferably frorn about 2% to about 5% The unsat~r~2tecl
fatty acid soap is preferably present at a level tha~ will provicle a
level of from about 15 ppm to about 200 ppm, preferably ~rorn
about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm in the ~vash s~lution ~3t recom~
mended U.S. usage levels and from about 30 ppm to ~ali)out lûtlO
ppm, preferably from about 50 ppm to about 500 pp~ ~r
European usage levels.
l~lono-, di-~ and triunsaturate~ fatty acicis are all ~ ssent~liy
equivalent so it is preferred to use mostly monounsaturated sclaps
35 to minimize the risk of rancidity. Suitable sources of tJnsatur~2ted
53
fa-tty acids are well known. For example, see Bailey's
Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Third Edition, Swern,
published by in-ter-science Publisher (19~4).
Preferably, the level of saturated soaps is kept as low
as possible, preferably less -than about 60%, preEerably less
than about 50% of the to-tal soap is sa-turated soap. However,
low levels of saturated soaps can be used. Tallow and pal.m oil
soaps can be used.
Useful syn-the-tic anionic surfactan-ts also include -the
water-soluble salts, preferably the alkali metal, ammonium and
alkylol-ammonium salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products
having in their molecular structure an alkyl group containing
from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or
sulfuric acid es-ter group.
Such syn-thetic anionic detergent su.rfactants are desirable
additives at a level of from about 1% to about 10% to increase
the overall detergency effect and, if desired, increase the
level of suds. (Included in the term "alkyl" is the a:Lkyl
portion of acyl groups.~ Examples of this group of synthetic
surfactants are ~he sodium and potassium alkyl sulfates,
especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols
(C8-C18 carbon ~toms) such as those produced by reducing the
glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; and the sodium and potassium
alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from
about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, in straigh-t chain or branched
chain configuration, e.g., those of the type described in U.S.
Pats. 2,220,099 and 2,477,383. Especially va].uable are linear
straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the average
number o~ carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 11 to
13, abbreviated as C11_13LAS-
Preferred anionic detergent surfactants are -the alkyl
polyethoxylate sulfates, particularly those in which the alkyl
contains from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably from
about 12 to about 18 and wherei.n the polyethoxylate chain
contains from about 1 to about 15 ethoxylate moieties preferably
from about 1 to about 3 ethoxylate moieties. These anionic
detergent surfactants
~2~S~
16 --
are particularly desirable for formulatin~ hea~y-duty li~uid
laundry deter~ent compositions.
Other anionic surfactants herein are the soclium al~;yl gly-
ceryl ~ther sulfonates, especially those e-thers of hi~h~r alcohols
5 cJerived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acici
nlono~lyceride sulfonates and sulrates; sodiurn or potassium salts
of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulFates containing from
about I to about 10 units o~ ethylene oxicie per molecule and
~/herein the alkyl groups contain from abou~ S to abou~ 12 carbon
10 atoms; and sodium or potassium salts of alky1 ethyiene oxide ether
sulfates containing about I to about lû units o-F ethylene oxide per
molecule and wherein the alky3 ~roup contains From ab~ut tO to
about ~0 carbon atoms.
Other useful anionic surfactants herein inclucle th~ ~vater-
15 solubl~ sal ts o~ esters of atpha-sulfonatecl ~ty acids containin~
from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid ~3roup ~nd from
about I to i0 carbon atoms in the ester ~roup; ~vater-soluble salts
of 2-acyloxy-alliane l-sulfonic acids containin~ frorn al~ou~ ~ to
carbon atoms in the acyi group and ~rom about 9 to a~out 23
20 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety; alkyl ether suhate~ containin~3
from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and frc~m
about I to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; water-solubl2 salts ~F olefin
sulfonates containing from about 12 to 2~1 carbon atoms; and
beta-alkyloxy alkane sul~onates conta;nin~ from about I to 3
25 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from abou-t 8 -to 20 carbon
atoms in the aikane moiety.
Ampholytic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic or
aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secon~ary and tertiary amines
in which the aliphatic moiety can b~ straight chain or branchecl
30 and wherein one of the ~liphatic substituents contains -from a~ou-
~8 to i8 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic subs~i~uen~ cor~
tains an anionic virater-sotubilizing group~
Z~YitteriOniC surfactants inclucle deriva~ives oF aliphati~
quaternary ammoniu~, phosphonium, and sulfonium compoun~s in
:
53
- 17 ~
which one of the aliphatic substituents contains from ~3bou-t 8 to 18
carbon atoms.
Particularly preferred auxiliary surfactants herein include~
linear alkylbenzene sulfoncltes containin~3 from abou~ 11 t~
s car~on atoms in the al',cyl group; tallo~,Yalkyl sul~ates; coconutallcyl
glyceryl ether sulfonates; alkyl ether sulFates wherein the alkyl
moiety contains from about 14 to 18 carbon atoms and wherein th~
avera~e G~egree of ethoxylation is from about I to 4; ole-fin or
paraffin sulfonates containin~ from about 11~ to J6 carbon atoms;
10 and alkyldimethylammonium propane sulfonates and alkylclimethyl-
ammonim hydroxy prop~n@ sulfonates wherein th~ alkyl ~3ro~p
contains from about 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
Specific preferred surfactants for use herein inclwd~:
sodium, potassium, mono-, di-, and tr;ethanolammoniu~ C14 15
15 al~cyl polyethoxylate~ 3 sulfates; sodium linear Cll 13 alkylberlz~ne
sulfonate; triethanolamine Cll 13 alkylberlzene sulfon2te; sodiun3
tallow alkyl sulfate sodiuM coconut alkyl glyceryl eth~r sulfonate;
the sodium salt of a sulfatecl condensation procluct oF a tallow
alcohol with about 4 moles of ethylene oxic!e; 3-~N,N-dimethyl-N-
20 coconutall<ylammonio)-~hydroxypropane-l-sulfonato;
3-( N, N-dimethyl-N-coconutalkylammoniopropan~ sulfonate;
6- ~ N-c!odecylb~nzyl-N, N-dimethylammonio) -hexanoate; and coconut
alkyldir:leehyl amine oxide.
Other adjunct components l,vhich may be includecl in the
25 compositions of the present invention, in their conventional art-
established levels for use ~i.e., from 0 to about 90%), inclucl~
solvents, bleaching agents, bleach activators, soil-susp~ndin~
agents, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, fillers, optical brighten~rs,
~ermicides, pH adjusting ~gents ~mono~thanolamin~r sodium
30 carbonate, sodium hydroxide, etc. ), en~ymes, en~ym~-stabili~i~s
agents, perfurr,es, fabric soFtening components, static con~ro3
agents, and the like.
Fatty acid amide deter~ent surfactants useful herein incluc~
those having ~he formula:
35 O
p~6 -C-NP<7
., .
.:
53
- 18 -
herein R6 jS an alkyl group containing from about 7 to about 21
(preferably from about 9 to about 17) carbon atoms ancl each R
is selected from the group consisting o~ hydro~en, Cl 4 alkyl,
Cl 4 hydroxy alkyl, and -(C2H4O)x~l where x varies from about I
5 to about 3.
Preferred arnides are C8 20 ammonia amicles, monoethanolammon-
ium, diethanolamides, and isopropanol amides.
A special advantage of the combinati~n of detergent ~urfac-
tants herein is their superior compatibility with anionic fluores-
10 cent or optical brighteners. Nonionic surfactants, e~pcciallyethoxylated nonionic detergent surfactants, normally ~lirninish thc
effectiveness of such brighteners. Y~ith the acldition o~ thc
alkylpolyglycoside surfactant, the brightener ~:f~ctiven~ss is
dramatically improvecl, especially on cotton. From about 0. 01 to
about 2%, preferably from about 0.1 to about 19~ optical bri~hten~r
can be used.
Suitable brighteners ;nclude the following:
bis anilino ( R) triazinyl amino stilbene sul fonate havin~ the
formula:
_ _
. I
X ~ r~
R S03~ 2
wherein M is preferably Na, but can be any compatibl~
cation such as potassium, amrr)onium, substituted ammonium,
e.g, mono-, di-, and triethanolarnmoni~lm, etc.; ~ c~rl be
R2~ N H -
~J
~vhere R is selected `from H, pheny1, Cl_~ alkyl, or C
hydroxyalkyl; morpholino-~ hydroxy;
3~
. .
,i ~ ., \
.. .
.
~2~
., . ~.
NaO35~ H-;
~J
C~13O-(~ NH
~I~OCH2C~i2)3C~I2NH O-NH-;
NaO3S-O-NH-O-NH-;
or mixtures thereoF; and R can be H or 5O3M.
ln represented structures, R and X are~
R X
~",,N H
-N ~ CzH4OH)2 ~J
o
-NHCH2CH3 "
-NHCH2CHOHCH3
Nr~o 1
/
~s
NHC2H,~OH
-N ~CH3) CH2CH2OH 11
NHC3~160CH3
-NHC2H40H
-NHC2H~ocH3
-- 20 --
-OH
2 4OH aO3S O-NH-
N O CH3O { ~--NH-
22)3cH2NH- 2 2)3CH2NH{~ -NH-
(HOcH2cH2)2N-o- Na35 0 -NH- C~-NH_
tetrasodium 4,4'-bis[(4"-bis(2' " -hydroxyethyl)amino-6"
- (3'' " -sulphenyl)amino-1",3",5"-triazin-2"-yl)amino]-2,2'-
stilbenedisulfonate;
disodium-4-(6'-sulfonaphtho[1',2',d]triazol-2-yl)-2-stil-
10 benesulfonate;
disodium 4,4'-bis[(4"-(2'''-hydroxyethylamino)-6"-anilino-
1",3",5"-triazin-2"-yl)amino]-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate;
disodium 4,4'-bis E (4"-(2' "-hydroxyethoxy)-6"-anilino-1",
3",5"-triazin-2"-yl)amino]--2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate;
disodium 4,4'-bis(4-phenyl-1,2,3~triazol-2-yl)-2,2'-stil-
benedisulfonate;
sodium 4-(2H-naphtho [1,2-d]triazol-2--yl)stilbene-2-sulfonate;
disodium 4,4'-bis-(2-sulfostyxyl)biphenyl;
disodium 4-(2H-6-sulfonaphtho[1,2-d]triazol-2-yl)stilbene-
20 2-sulfonate; and
disodium 3,7-bis(2,4-dimethoxybenzamido)-2,8-dibenzothio-
phenedisulfonate-5,5-dioxlde.
Other su:itable brighteners are disclosed in U.S. Patents
3,537,993 Coward et al; issued November 3, 1970 and 3,953,380
25 Sundby, issuecl Apxil 27, 1976.
The compositions of the present invention can be manu-
factured and used in a variety of forms such as solids, powders,
granules, pastes, and liquids. :rhe compositions can be used in
- the curren-t U.S. laundering processes by forming aqueous
. . .1
.
s3
-- 21 --
solution containing from about 0.01~0 to about l~, preferably -from
about 0.05~ to abot t 0.5%, and most preferably -from about 0.05
to about 0.2SPo of the composition in water ancl ac~itaRng the soiled
fabrics in that aqueous solution. The fabrics are then rinsed znd
5 dried. ~Yhen used in this manner the preferred composltions of
the present inven-tion yield excep-tionally goocl detergency on a
variety of fabrics.
In a preferred embodimen-t a laundry deter~3ent, pre~erabiy,an aqueous heavy-duty liquid, contains ~a) from about 1% to ai~out
20% tpreferably from about 4~ to about 10~) of the alkylpoiy~
giycosid~ detar~ent surfactant; (b~ from about l~ to abo~st 10~0
lpreFerably from about 2% to about 6%) of an amine oxi~e deter-
gent surfactant (c) from Igo to about l~ ~prefe~ably from a~out 1%
to about ~O) oF a water-soluble soap of an wnsaturated fatty acid
containing from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms; ~d~ from 0~0 to
about 40~0 ~preferably from about 10~6 to about 30~0~ o~ a water-
solubl~ detergency builder, preFerably selected from the ~3roup
consisting of pyrophosphates, nitrilotriacetates, and mixtures
thereoF; (e~ from about 0~0 to about lO~ (preferably from a~ou~ û~
20 to abou t 5%~ of ~/ater-soluole synthetic anionic detergent sur-
factant; and, preferably, and (f~ the ~)alance water.
Such detergent compositions provide excellent cietergency, do
not damage washing machines unacceptably, and can be ~or~ulated
to provide different sudsing patterns by varying -the arnount and
25 types of synthetic anionic detergent surfactant and the amo~nt of
unsatura~ed soap. Preferably such formulas clo not contain more
than about 5~ conventional ethoxylated nonionic sur~actants
Sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkanolammonium cations are
preferred .
All percenta~es, parts, and ratios herein are by we;gh-~
unless otherwise specified.
The following exampies illustrate the compositions and met~oc~
of the present inven~ion.
S3
-- 22 --
EXAl',IPLE I
Unbuilt Combina~ion of
C12_l5 alky! Cl2 13 alkyl ~lunter ~`/hiterless Uni.s ~H'i`!U)
polyglyco- polyethox~/- Clay Removal
sideslate Polye~ter ~
2-3 6.5 Cotton Blend
ppm in ~'lash ~ Cotton (i.e. Poiycotton) Polyester
__
500 -- 9,L~ 15 1~ 2.9
400 lO0 ~ . ~l 1 s, 5 L~, 6
300 200 ~ . 3 1 7 . 1 7 . ~
200 300 4 . 4 17 . 6 7 .1
l 400 ~ .7 16 . 3 7.1
- 500 -0.3 15.6 6.8
Test Conditi~n: 95F wate- having 6 ~rains ~lF mixed hard-
ness and a min;~asher.
~s can be seen from the above results, the alkylpo~y~3Jcn-
side surfactant ha:, an unexpected problam ~/ith cleanin~ poly-
~ster. In general, the alkylpolyglycosides are consiclerec~ non
;onic surfactant replacements, ~ut~ surprisin~ly, they achieve
their best laundry results in combination ~/it'n non;onic sur~c-
20 -tants, especially those that are optimized for cleanin~ rela~ive5y
hyclrophobic surfaces. The all;yl polyglycosides in these exampl~s
were derived from glucose. Similar results are obtained ~/itl~ the
other alkyl ~lycosides describod herein.
EXA~ PLE I I
~Unbuilt hlixtures)
Cl;,_~5 alkyl C12_13 y
polyglyco- polyethoxy-~ Dirty ~lotor Oit P~emov~?l
sides ~ 3 late3from Polyester Fa~rics
300 ppm 0 ppm lO
302~0 ppm 60 ppm ~0
lZ0 ppm 120 ppm 27
O ppm 300 ppm 17
Same conditions as in Example l
f~s can be seen Fro~ the above data, despite the ~3en~rally
35 inferior results obtain~cl in cleaning relatbJety hyc3ropho~îc sur-
;
~2C~
-- 23 --
faces with an alkylpoly~3lycoside surfactant, the mixtures o. an
alkylpolyglycoside and a noslionic surfactan~ provides syner~;stic
resul ts.
EXAMPLE 11 1
~`/hiteness l~/laintenance
t R~deposi tion Test)
C12 13 allcyl Hunter l,'/hiteness Units (H\'JU)
C12_1s alkyl polyethoxy- White
polyglyco- late3 Cotton l,';lhite `,Vhite
side2 3Neodo! 23-3 T-shirt Polycotton Polyester
300 ppm 0 73 68 3f
240 ppm 60 71~ 70 3
15 180 ppm 120 79 73 1~0
ppm 240 73 73 3g
3~0 7~ 73 35'
- The solutions were unbuilt and used the same conclitions ~s
Examples 1 and i I, the ~racles being the average for the t- ~o
20 types of soils.
As can be seen from the above data, there is a synerclistic
improvement in redeposition on cotton for the mixtures of surfac-
EX ~1~,1 PLE I V
C12 15 alkyl C12-13 alkyl
polyglyco- polethoxy- % Menstrual Stain Removal
side2 3 late3 ~rom polycctton
30~0 ppm -- ~ 0~ - 50
2~0 p~m o~ 60
30180 ppm 120 63
60 ppm 240 70
0 ppm 300 63
Same test conditions as in previous example5 with unbuilt
solu eiOns .
,
53
As can be seen from the above, the unexpectedly poor
showing of the alkylpolygiycoside with respect to this stain can
be improvecl and/or syner~istic improvemen~ o~ained by addition
oF the nonionic surFactant, clepending upon -the ratio used.
EXA~lPLE V
__ _
Built Performance
on Clay Soil
Hunter ~'/hiten~ss Un;es ~HWU)
Cotton Polycotton Poly~ster
. . .
Comme rci a I bui I t an i onic
cletergent composition ll.0 i9.9~.5
C~2_~5 aikYIpOIyglyco~ide;~ 3 ~
12 7 2i.226.3
Cl2_l3 alkylpoJyethoxylate~ 5
I; 1 ratio*
*Built with 25% sodium tripolyphosphate ~STPl and 10% sodi-
um carbonate, the total composition being used at 2 lev21 of 1200
ppm .
20Test Conaition: 60~F water having 9 ~rains of mixed hard-
ness and miniwasher.
As can be seen from the above the mixed surfactant system
oF this invention provides eguivalent or superior clay rernoval
across a variety of fabric types as compared to more conventional
25anionic surfactants~
~5
E XA,,1PLE Vl
1~-15 all<yl C12_13 alkyl
polyglyco- poly~t~)c)xy-
sides ~_3 late 6 . S
~ coconut alkyl Coconut alkyi
dimethylamine dim2thylamin~
_oxic~e (1 1) oxide (! 1) -
Clay Removal, H~VU
Cot-ton 14 . 6 J 1.
Polycotton 28 . 5 ~2 .1
Polyester S9 . o r~S, ~!
Removal, %
Dirty motor oil 30 37
Chocolate syrup 93 !)3
Grass 67 73
Bacon g rease 57 53
~ enstrual stain 83 7?~
-~ Spa~hetti sauce 50 67
Body Soil Removal, PSU* vs.
Commercial Unbuilt Heavy-
Duty Liquid (Control) ~1.56 -~1.7
Whiteness, Soler 2A
T-shi rt 78 77
Polycotton 86 ~.S
Polyester 46 3~1
The surfactant mixture was 13% of the formula and the bl~ild-
er ~as sodium nitrilotriacetate at 18%. The tes-t conc3itions ~vere
2100 ppm of the composition, 95F, 6 grains of mixed hardness.
*PSU equals Panel Score Units wh~rein expert ~3raders assiyr)
30 values based on 0 = no differe~ce; I = di~^ference; and ~ -- clear
di fference .
3~
-- 26 --
EXA~IPLE Vl I
Unbuilt Ht)L Perforr~ance
.
The invention vs. unbuilt commercial heavy-duty licluid
deter~3ent composition (HDL).
s Panel Score Units vs. Comm~rcial Procluct
__ ___ _
Cotton Polyester
-
Dirty motor oil to~3 ~0.1~
E~acon gre~se ~1.0 -~0.8
G ravy ~1, 4 ~0, ~
10 Spaghetti sauce ~0.3 *0.9
Grass ~1.7 *1.5
Chocolate syrup -0 . 4 ~0 . 6
TEST C:ONDITION: 450 ppm actives, 95~ water ~aving 6
grains mixed hardness and a mini washer.
Composition of the invention: C12 13 alkylpolyeth~y~a~3/
C12_15 alkylpolyglycoside2_3 at a ratio oF 1:1.
EXAI~/lPLE Vl 11
Formu la Pa rts
C~2_~5 alkYIpOIy~JIycoside2 3 13.3
2C C12_13 alkylpolye~hoxylate6 5 13 3
Sodium tripolyphosphate 12 . 0
Na2C3 13 3
Polyacetaldehyde detergency builder 28.8
Anionic brightener* 1.0
25 *bis~anilino-hydroxyethylmethylamino-triazinylam;no)s.ilbene
disulfonate (sodium salt).
Fluorescer Ef~ctiveness
..
Fi I terecil U n fi I tered
~ _ _
Il~'JU II'~'IU Delta F Soler 2A
._ ~
30Cl;~ 15 alkylpolyglyco~
side2 ~/Neodol 23-6.5 79 111 22 ~7
Commereial built anionic
detergent ~control) 80 106 19 80
.,
.. .... . ... ... ..
953
Significant -technical di~ ferences: H~'IU=2; Soler 2A=2; and
F=l .
E.XA~!PL~ I X
~edeposi-tion and ll`~hi teness/
5Briightness Test
Cotton T-Shirt
The followin~3 results using unbuil~ mix-tures oF surFactanes
clearly demonstrate the eflFect of the all<ylpoly~lycosicle in im-
proving anionic bri~htener effectiveness in the presence of non-
ionic surfactan ts . The ~lata show clearly that ~ t least a~out ~O~i
10 of tha sur~actant system should be alkylpolyglycosicle. Five to
six HWUs are a substantial improvemen~.
C~ 3 alkyl- C12-13 alkyl~ Unfiltered~
polyglycoside2_3 polyethoxylate3 Hunter Whiteness Units
eefore After Dell:a
Washin~ Washin~3 ( loss~
' ~oo 0 120 110 10
- 80 20 ~22 113
6 0 40 1 1 8 1 0 9
2~ 20 80 119 92 27
O IOû 11~ 91 27
*To measure brightener effect
Conditions: Miniwasher, 6 grains mixed hardness, 100F,
one cycle 300 ppm total surFactant, 15 ppm of the brightener of
25 Example Vlll.
EXAI`.lPLE X
The alkylpolyglycosides improve the performance o~ v~ry
water soluble thigh HLB) nonionics.
Ratio Clay Cleanin~P~rformanc
30C12_l3 alkyl-C12_l3 alkyl- I-lullter ~Yhiteness Units .
polyglycoside2-3 polyethoxylatel2 Polyester Polycotton Cotton
l~o 0 25 . 9 2~ 1.2
27. 0 3~3 2.5
3S 60 40 28.~ ~.2 3.6
29. 1 5.0 ~ 2
o loo 28 . 1 2~2 2 1
53
-- 28 --
Conditions: I~/liniwasher, unbuilt, 6 ~3rains at mixecl hard-
ness, 100F, 300 ppm -total active.
As can be seen from the above data, the mixtures are clear-
ly superior. From I to 2 H~`;U are a substa~tial dif~erence in this
5 test.
X~ PLE XI
~Ikyl Poly~lucosides Improve the Performance
of Oil So!uble (Low HLB) Nonionic Detergent Surfactants
(~IWU)(P.S.~.~
10Ratio Clay Remova~ Lipid Faci~i
from Soil Remo~21
Cl alkyl- C alkyl^ Poly- from
poly~l~coside2 3 pol~2etl~oxylate3 ester Cotton Polycotton
loo 0 23.99~8 0v~.
;~L~, 9 --~,; 0~ 5
5 60 ~0 24.~1.9 0.6
8.~-21.0 -0.1~
0 lOO -0. 8-27. 8 .-0 . 9
Conditions: Miniwasher, Unbuilt~ 6 grains mixed hardn~ss,
100F, 300 pprr . ( LSD95 = 1. 2 ~I~YU for clay ~nd LSD95 .
20 P. S. U. for facial soil . )
Clearly, the above results show the improvem~nt from rrtixin~
conventional (ethoxylated) nonionic deter~ent s~rfactants ~ith
alkylpolyglycosides. The mixtures provide a substantial ir~prove-
men t in detergency.
EXAI\,lPLE X 11
Combinadons of alkyl polyglucosides and semi-pol~:r nonionic
and/or amide s:letergant surfactants are compatible ~vith ~Insatur~
atecl soap, but not with saturated soap.
Formula
.
3 l} 5
C~2_~3 alkylpoly~lycoside2_3 -7,3 7O3 -7,3 7.3 7,~;
C12 15 alkyldimethylarnine oxide 3.3 3,3 3.3 3.3 ~s.3
Soclium oleate 2.2 - - - 4.~s
~Z~S3
-- 29 --
SodTum tallowate - 2 . 2 - - -
Sodium stearate - - ~.4 - -
So~ium Cl~ 15 alkyl polye-thoxylate 1.45 1.45 - 2.9 -
2 25 sul fate
Coconut diethanolamide 0 .13 0 .13 0 . 25 0 .13 0 . 25
Sodium nitrilotriacetate 1~.2 1~.2 18.2 18.2 18.2
Sodium carbonate 2 . 8 2 . ~ 2 . 8 2 . 8 2 . 8
Sodium toluene sulfonate 2 2 2 2 2
Ethyl alcohol 3 3 3 3 3
Water - Balancc~
Compositions 1-3 and 5 were lower sudsing than formula 4
and were r~ore compatible with washing machine surfaces ~ less
corrosivc). Composition 3 Formed an unsightly soap scum in the
rinse water despite the presence of materials known to inhibi
formation of such scums. Com,oosition 3 aiso formed a thick gel
rather than a free flowing, clear liquid. It is clear that there
must not be a substantial excess of saturated soap over unsatura-
ted. The soap must be a~ least about 40% unsaturated soap.
It has additionally been discovered that the performance of
these compositions is improved if the total free fatty alcohol
containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms is less than
about 5%, preferably less than about 2%, most preferably less
than about 1~.
