Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Lo Z
The present invention relates to a compression member
for transmitting compressive forces in a heat-insulating
construction element for projecting building structures,
with said construction element comprising an elongated
insulation body of thermally insulating material and
including reinforcing elements which extend substantially
transversely of the insulating body and protrude laterally
from the latter, which insulation body has integrated
therein the compression member or a plurality of
compression members formed of a compression-resistant
material.
In buildings having projecting wall structures, such
as, for example, balconies, Lagos, external landings
or stages, house entrance panels or the like, in addition
to undesirable heat dissipation due to the production
of cold bridges, there arises the further problem that
the projecting building parts or structures which, in
part, have their front ends supported on columns or
pillars erected outside the building, and the directly
joining wall structures of the building are subject to
different longitudinal expansion motions in response
to temperature differentials. This may have a detrimental
Z5 effect particularly in the case of multi-story buildings,
and may result in cracks and other damage to the building.
German Patent 30 05 571 shows to be known a construction
element for thermal insulation in buildings, which
element, for the solution to these problems, is
integrated in the insulation body as a connecting or
joining core element, and which has dimensions conformed
to the cross-sectional area of the insulating body.
In this compression element, the risk exists that the
opposite sides of this member adhere through a rough
surface to the concrete of the wall structure within
the building, such as the intermediate ceiling (panel)
I 2
on the one hand, end to the concrete of -the projecting
building structure on the other hand, thereby preventing
relative movement from taking place. When the projecting
building parts or structures move relative to the building
wall in vertical or even horizontal direction due to then-
met longitudinal expansion, such motion might result in
high additional strains to the joined construction eye-
mounts, which can cause permanent damage.
In order to avoid such additional stress, a compression
member formed of a rubber-elastic material could be em-
plowed. Actually, a compression member of this kind is
capable of absorbing relative movements of the projecting
building structure with respect to the building proper, as
well as the resulting tensile and compressive stresses, by
the elastically deforming compression plate. On the other
hand, however, such compression plates are of lower come
pressive strength, and their useful Lowe is therefore rota-
lively restricted under high compressive strains or loads.
Furthermore, the rubber-like supports yield under the
stress such -that the projecting or cantilever panels de-
float greatly.
It is therefore the object of the present invention -to
provide a compression member which, irrespective of its
high compressive strength and long useful life, is capable
of absorbing the mechanical stresses or loads resulting
from a movement of the projecting building structure rota-
live to the building, without giving rise to s-trains liable
to cause damage to the building, the projecting building
structure or the compression member.
In the compression member as outlined a-t -the beginning,
according to the invention this object is solved in that
the compression member comprises at least one rod-shaped
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member which, owing to its slender shape, is capable of
elastically or resiliently following temperature-induced
longitudinal movements of the projecting building strikeout-
no relative to the building.
The present compression member provides the following
important advantages:
It has a high compressive strength and a desirably
low thermal conductivity owing to its relatively small
cross sectional area). Its relatively high elasticity
permits the compression member to follow horizontal disk
placements of the projecting building structure without
producing substantial mechanical strains. This feature
also provides for a long useful life of the compression members.
Below, the invention is described in greater detail
by referring to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the
drawing, wherein:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of an insulation body
including an integrated compression member according to
26 a first embodiment of the invention;
Figure pa is a cross-sectional view of a compression
member according to a second embodiment;
Figure 2b is a cross-sectional view of a compression
member according to a third embodiment;
Figure 2c is a sectional view of an insulation body,
as seen in the longitudinal direction of the compression
member according to the embodiment of Figure 2b;
Figure pa is a longitudinal sectional view of an
insulation body including integrated compression members
according to a fourth embodiment;
~Z~6~22
Figure 3b is a transverse sectional view of an ins-
Latin body including a compression member according to
a fifth embodiment;
Figures pa to go are cross-sectional views of an in-
solution body including integrated compression members
according to a sixth, seventh and eighth embodiment;
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an insulation
body including a compression member according to a ninth
embodiment; and
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an insulation
body including a compression member according to a tenth
embodiment.
Figure l illustrates a part or structure of the butt-
ding, such as, for example, a concrete ceiling (panel)
l, and a concrete portion of the projecting building
structure, such as a balcony panel 2. A heat-insulating
prefabricated construction element including an ins-
lotion body 3 is positioned between these structures
in known per so manner. The longitudinal direction of
this insulation body 3 extends perpendicular to the
plane of the section. The insulation body 3 has passing
there through not illustrated reinforcing rods which
extend through the insulation body in part in horizontal
direction so as to absorb tensile stress, and in part
with an inclination so as to absorb also vertical forces.
Normally provided in the lower part of the insulation
body are compression members functioning to transmit
compressive forces from the projecting building structure
to the building proper. In the arrangement according to
Figure l, a compression element of this kind is formed
by a compression rod 4. The latter may have a circular,
rectangular or other cross-section. Owing to its small
cross-section, the compression rod may easily follow
displacements of the balcony panel 2 in a direction
issue
perpendicular to the plane of the section, without inducing
substantial mechanical strains.
The compression member, shown in cross-sectional view
in Figure pa, comprises a plurality of compression rods
5 of a round or circular cross-section, with one rod
being disposed in the center and the other rods sun-
rounding the central rod. This rod bundle is enclosed
by a sheath or cover 6 acting to prevent buckling of
the rods which transmit the compressive forces.
Figure 2b illustrates an embodiment of a compression
member in the form of a bundle of round compression
rods of which the central compression rod 7 has a cross-
sectional area larger than that of the surrounding
compression rods 8. In this embodiment, the central
compression rod 7 serves primarily to prevent buckling
of the surrounding thinner compression rods 8. This
buckling preventing function is provided in cooperation
with the sheath or cover 6. The ends of the central
compression rod 7 are tapered with a frustoconical
shape. This configuration of this central) rod is
advantageous when the latter is utilized for pressure
or compressive force transmission in combination with
the compression rods 8. Owing to such configuration,
this (central) rod can more easily follow longitudinal
displacements of the balcony panel 2 caused by tempera-
lure variations.
It is also possible to combine rods of a rectangular or other cross-section into a bundle of any desired
cross-section. For example, a plurality of rectangular
rods may be arranged in tandem (one behind the other)
in a single plane in the longitudinal direction of the
insulation body 3.
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The arrangement shown in Figure pa illustrates the
insulation body 3 in longitudinal sectional view. As
compression members, rectangular rods 9 are provided
which may be formed of, for example, wood or steel.
Furthermore, reinforcing rods 10 passing through the
insulation body 3 are shown.
Figure 3b illustrates the insulation body 3 of
Figure pa in cross-sectional view The rectangular rod 9
extends in its longitudinal direction beyond the in-
solution body 3, and it is anchored in the concrete
ceiling (panel) 1 and in the balcony panel 2. The
ends of the rectangular rod 9 may be connected to tie
plates 11 or tie irons 12 extending perpendicular to
the longitudinal direction of the rod. This arrangement
permits to transmit through the rectangular rod 9 not
only compressive forces, but also transverse forces,
such that the reinforcing rods extending obliquely
through the insulation body 3 may be dispensed with.
In the assemblies shown in Figures pa and 3b,
installation of the compression rods may be effected,
for example, by pushing in or inserting the rods into
associated slots formed in the insulation body 3 from
the lower side thereof. In the embodiments according to
Figure 1 and Figures pa to 2c, the compression members
may be inserted, for example, by slipping them into
associated holes in the insulation body from the side
thereof. When the respective compression member has
been placed to lie flush within the insulation body,
the adjoining concrete layers are formed by applying
in situ concrete. The compression member is held in
position by its bond to the concrete and by the
compressive forces which are thereafter exerted on the
compression member.
lo
Figures pa to 4c illustrate three embodiments of
compression members in the form of rectangular rods 9.
In Figure pa, the length of the rectangular rod 9 is
equal to the width of the insulation body 3. In the
embodiment of Figure 4b, the length of the rectangular
rod 9 is smaller than the average width of the insulation
body 3. Accordingly, the insulation body 3 must be
formed with a correspondingly smaller width in the
positions where it embraces the rectangular rods 9. In
Figure 4c, the length of the rectangular rod 9 is larger
than the average width of the insulation body 3. This
configuration may be chosen particularly when long-
itudinal displacements of the projecting building structure
necessitate a given minimum length of the rectangular
rods 9. In such case, the insulation body 3 must be eon-
despondingly enlarged in the vicinity of the rectangular
rods 9.
Figure 5 shows pressure or compression plates 14
facing the ends of a compression rod 14, which plates
are embedded in the concrete ceiling panel) 1 and
in the balcony panel 2, respectively. Compression plates
of this type may be provided in such instances where
the compression rods terminate at the concrete surfaces.
This applies, for example, to the embodiments according
to Figures 1, 2c and pa to 4c. The compression plates
14 provide for improved pressure distribution. In these
respects, the compression plates function in the same
way as the tie plate 11 of Figure 3b, which is anchored
in the concrete. Also, the tie plates 11 or the
compression plates 14 may be profiled; for example, they
may be formed with a U-shaped configuration.
The compression rod 13 according to Figure 5 has
a relatively large cross-sectional area. Accordingly,
its ends are tapered toward the compression plates.
12~
By this tapered configuration, a relatively high
movability or flexibility of the compression rod is
obtained; on the other hand, this compression rod is
capable of transmitting relatively high compressive
forces, and further, its thermal conductivity is reduced
by the tapered configuration of its end portions. The
compression plates may be formed so as to include means
for centering the compression rod 13.
When the bundled compression rods are extended into
the adjoining concrete panels beyond the width of the
insulation body, it is advantageous if the end portions
of the rods diverge within the concrete mass so as to
provide for improved anchoring of the compression rods.
A configuration of this kind is shown e.g. in Figure 6
for the compression member illustrated in cross-sectional
view in Figure pa.
Preferably, the compression members are positioned
in the insulation body in such a manner that they may
be replaced at a later time, if necessary. To this end,
it may be necessary to slightly lift the balcony panel
2 in order to remove the compression member and install
a new one.
Every compression-resistant material, such as steel,
wood, compression-resistant and aging-resistant plastics
materials, glass, ceramics, plastic concrete, synthetic
resins and the like, may be used for forming the rod-
shaped compression members. The rods may be solid; how-
ever, they may also be formed to be hollow. If hollow
rods are used, preferably such rods include internal
stiffeners or reinforcements in the form of webs or
intermediate walls.
