Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
The present invention relates to wear and abrasion
resistant wall s-tructures which in use are subjected to ab
rasion by lump or particulate material comprising magnetic
particles. Such walls may have the form of wall surfaces in
chutes, ducts, conveyor belt unloading stations etc., but
above all in mills. In the mining industry use is thus made
of mills for grinding ore, in which the walls are subjected
to heavy wear and are therefore constituted by or coated with
a wear and abrasion resistant wall material. Such mills may
1~ comprise ball or rod mills for grinding ore containing a giv-
en amount of magnetic material. The mills may be of the type
for primary and secondary grinding in which the material to
be ground consists of magnetic material, for example magnet-
ite, and in which the coarse material of the charge constitu-
tes grinding balls or pebbles, so-called autogenous grinding.
As already mentioned, the mills for such purposes
must have a wear and abrasion resistant inner side. There-
fore, the mills are often provided with a lining of abrasion
resistant material, such as elastomeric or plastic material,
ceramic material or sometimes steel material. The lining of
abrasion resistant material i5 usually fastened by mechanical
means such as fastening bolts, clamping ribs or like means.
However, in U.S. Patent 3,913,851 (October 21, 1975, Sven E.
And~rsson) the inventor suggests that a wear resistant rubber
~5 lining for mills and chutes be magnetically retained to the
inner side of the mill barrel or chute in that the side of
the wear resistant rubber layer facing the barrel or chute
has been laminated with a layer of permanent-magnetic ma-ter-
ial.
Mill linings mainly have two tasks. One is to prov-
ide a protection for the mill barrel and the end walls there-
of against mechanical and corrosive abrasion, and the other
is to transmit energy from the mill to the charge. This im-
X ~
8~
plies that the appearance of the inner side of the mill, the
so-called profile, is of great importance to the grinding
capacity, particularly in secondary grinding (fine grinding).
It has also been tried to improve the function and
durability of the mill lining in various ways and use has
been made of sundry materials having different profiles on
the inner side of the lining. Especially in handling hard
minerals, such as sulphide and the like ores, steel material
has had a relatively short life because a not negligible loss
of material has arisen by corrosion in wet grinding apart
from the factual and virtual mechanical abrasion. Therefore
attempts have been made to use rubber as a substitute for
steel linings. In addition to its good wear resistant proper-
ties, compared to steel, rubber has a better resistance to
corrosion and also a sound reducing effect on the grinding
operation. Further, the rubber lining is considerably more
lightweight than steel linings. However, an inherent disad-
vantage of rubber is its lesser ability to withstand sliding
abrasion, as compared to steel. In conventional mill linings
having longitudinal shell plates and so-called lifters, it is
important that said lifters be replaced when they have been
subjected to so heavy an abrasion that the charge begins to
slide along the lining. When the lifters are exposed to slid-
ing abrasion, they are thus subjected to accelerated wear,
and as a consequence the interjacent shell plates will also
commence to wear rapidly. To realize a good lining economy
the lifters therefore have to be replaced in due time;
usually three to four sets of lifters are worn out for each
set of shell plates. Change of lifters is effected at a time
when the lining profile is better than that of a new lining,
as for capacity and fine-grinding properties. After a change
of lifters the grinding capacity may often by lowered by
10-20~.
7~
Rubber lifters thus suffer from the drawbacks that
the grindiny capacity will vary considerably during their
life of use and that the lifters will have to be changed when
the lining profile is at its best; in other words, one must
allow for a running-in period of lower capacity and undesir-
able coarse rests in the discharged material ground. This
particularly applies to fine grinding operations in mills
running at a speed of over 75% of the so-called critical
speed.
Exchange of lifters and barrel plates involves
quite some costs in terms of dismounting and mounting as well
as standstill costs.
It would be highly desirable if a mill lining could
be worn to the same extent all over the lining and if the
life thereof could be extended to periods of one year or more
so that the necessary exchanges could be performed during
normal standstill periods, that is the holiday period.
To eliminate the need for lifters in ball mills,
Norwegian Patent 22,213 suggest the use of electromagnets for
lifting, during the rotation of the mill, the grinding balls
of magnetic material to the requisite height level and then
letting them fall onto the material being ground. According
to said Norwegian Patent the electromagnets are arranged
close to the outer side of a mill barrel consisting of lamel-
lae of magnetizable material, the arrangement being such that
the grinding balls are retained against the mill barrel sole-
ly as they are lifted to a suitable level.
In mills for grinding non~magnetical material, el-
ectromagnets have also been used for magnetic separation of
undesirable magnetic substances in the material being ground.
Such a magnetic separating apparatus
7~
is disclosed by German Patent 482,598. In this case the elec-
tromagnets thus do not serve as a substitute for lifters but
to separate the undesirable ma'ter and safeguard that said
matter is discharged through the respective outlet of the
separating apparatus.
One object of the present invention therefore is to
improve the linings of prior art mills and to permit extend-
ing their life.
Another object of the invention is to provide a wear
protection for walls automatically regenerating itself.
A further object of the invention is to provide a
mill barrel with means producing an automatically regener-
ating wear protection on the inner side of the mill barrel.
It is often desirable to have the possibility of in-
creasing the speed of rotation of the mill since the grinding
capacity rapidly increases, as the speed increases up to and
over the so-called critical speed. At a speed of 80-85% and
more of the critical speed the lining profile cannot comprise
lifters but the lining must present a smooth inner side. Dur-
ing grinding the lining will thereby be exposed to sliding
abrasion, from which an accelerated wear results. Comprehen-
sive grinding experiments with secondary grinding (fine
grinding) at so-called supercritical speed have proved to
yield very good grinding results. However, this type of
grinding could not be made economically profitable because
the current lining materials would entail too high lining
costs. To improve the life of the lining the wear due to
sliding abrasion of the lining must be reduced. Still another
object of the invention therefore is to reduce the wear due
to said sliding abrasion also in this type of mills.
In one aspect the present invention provides a shell
plate for the interior of the barrel wall of a mill, com-
prising an elastomeric shell plate body including means for
attaching said shell plate to a barrel, and magnet means em-
bedded in said shell plate body for establishing a magneticfield substantially normal to said shell plate body as said
field emanates from said shell plate.
In another aspect, the invention provides a lining
for a mill having a magnetic metallic barrel wall comprising
a substantially flat elastomeric pad having first and second
sides and having embedded therein a plurality of magnets,
said magnets establishing magnetic fields on each of said
sides of said paid, the magnetic field on said first side
being substantially normal to said first side as said field
emanates from said pad, said magnets being arranged in said
pad in rows with intermediate rows of elastomeric material,
whereby by flexing said rows of elastomeric material said pad
can be caused to assume a curved profile for insertion into a
barrel, the magnetic field emanating from said second side
being usable for attaching said pad to said barrel, and the
magnetic field emanating from said first side being usable
for attracting a plurality of magnetic particles to said pad
to form an automatically regenerating abrasion protective
layer.
The magnet means may be placed so as to attract mag-
netic particles in the charge and retain said particles in
the form of an automatically regenerating abrasion protective
layer, within at least such zones as are normally exposed to
a heavier abrasion than the other zones.
When the invention is utilized for mills driven at
high speed and having a smooth inner side, the harmful slid-
ing abrasion can be restricted by furnishing the smooth lin-
ing, in conformity with the present invention, with magnets
in a system that provides an all-covering bed of magnetic
particles, a "fluidized bed", which is magnetical]y retained
in such a profile that the charge is raised to a suitable
level for maximum grinding capacity. Abnormal shearing forces
between the charge and the mill barrel are taken up in said
Sa
fluidized bed, thereby preventing an exaggerated sliding dir-
ectly against the inner side of the lining.
When the invention is to be utilized for the grind-
ing on non-magnetic material, such as sulphide ores, one must
add magnetic material, for example magnetite, to the charge
to obtain the automatically regenerating abrasion protective
layer on the lining. The magnetic material should be rela-
tively fine-grained (up to about 5mm). As the finer material
will come to lie at the mill barrel the magnetic material
will place itself at the zones on the lining to be coated
with the automatically abrasion protective layer. Magnetic
residues, if any accompanying the ground material out of the
mill can be collected by causing the ground material to pass
~2~
magnetic separating drum of conventional construction at the
outlet of -the mill. These residues can then again be intro-
duced into the grinding cycle or be otherwise collec-ted.
A sreat advantage which is inherent in the present
invention is that the magnetic circuit when permanent magnets
are used will be constantly closed, on the one hand, by metal
inserts or the mill barrel or drum made from a magnetic metal
material and, on the other hand~ by the fine-grained layer of
magnetic particles attracted by the magnets. This will auto~
matically provide a good safety against demagnetization.
As mentioned in the foregoing, it has already been
suggested to use magnetism in conjunction with mill barrelsO
In the mill disclosed by U.S. Patent 3,913,851 the abrasion
and wear resistant elastomer lining of the mill is kept in
position against the inner side of the mill barrel by magnet-
ism. In this case, the elastomer lining proper ls thus kept
in position by magnetic forces replacing the normal mechanic-
al anchorage of the lining. With the exception of the embodi-
ment shown in Fig. 3 of that patent, there is not closed mag-
netic circuit on the side of the magnets remote from the mill
barrel, and, thus, there is a great risk of successive demag-
netization.
The present invention however is based on the real~
ization that magnetism might be used to provide an automatic~
a]ly regenerating wear protection layer for the inner side of
the mill barrel, which may in itself have been formed from an
abrasion and wear resistan-t material, for example elastomeric
material. The invention is thus based on a technical idea
different from that of the U.S. Patent 3,913,851.
In the mill disclosed by the above-mentioned
Norwegian Patent 22,213 the grinding balls of iron shall be
lifted in relation to, and then be allowed to fall down onto,
the material which is to be ground and which therefore shall
not partake in the lifting operation in which the magnetic
grinding balls of iron are attracted against the inner side
of the mill barrel by the stationary electromagnets arranged
outside the mill barrel. In said prior art mill the object of
S the electromagnets is a different one from that of the mag-
nets in the wall structure exposed to wear according to the
present invention and besides the magnetization is supposed
to be temporarily interrupted for release of the grinding
balls such that said balls can fall onto the material being
ground, which stays by gravity in the lower region of the
mill by sliding along the mill barrel, thereby exposing it to
abrasion and necessitating a lining of abrasion resistan-t
material even though the wear caused by the grinding balls
proper has been reduced. The present invention has another
object namely that of providing a wear protection which prot~
ects the wall structure, particularly the mill wall, against
abrasion and which automatically regenerates itself.
These and further objects of the inven-tion as well
as the advantages gained thereby will appear in the course of
the following description of some preferred embodiments
illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
Figs. 1-3 illustrate three embodiments of a mill
having a wall structure in accordance with the present inven~
tion and show sections through part of the mill barrel and
the lining fixed thereto;
Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate a further embodiment of a
mill having a wall structure in accordance with the present
invention, Fig. S showing a section o~ line V-V in Fig. 4;
Figs. 6-9 show sections of further embodiments of
3n mills having wall structures in accordance with the inven-
tion;
Figs. lO and ll illustrate an embodiment of a
standardized wall element exploiting the principles of the
invention, Fig. 10 showing a cross-section on line X-X in
Fig. ll, and Fig. ll showing a longitudinal section on line
XI-XI in Fig. lO;
7~
Fig. 12 shows a section corresponding to Fig. 10
when the standard element is mounted in a mill barrel; and
Fig. 13 illustrates how the principles of the in-
vention may be applied to protect other wall structures than
those in mill barrels.
The mill shown in Fig. 1 has a mill barrel 10 with
a lining clamped to the inner side thereof. Said lining com~
prises shell plates 11 of wear resistant rubber and has pro~
truding fastening flanges 12. The lining also comprises lift-
ers 13 which include an elastomer or rubber portion 14 with
an undercut groove 15 therein for accommodating a metal bar
16 with bolts 17 welded thereto which project through holes
in the mill barrel and cooperate with washers 18 and nuts 19.
T-bolts may be substituted for said bolts and said barsO The
mill lining 11, 13 is thus kept in position in that the pro-
truding fastening flanges 12 of the barrel plates 11 are
clamped to the mill barxel 10 by means of the metal bar 16
located in the undercut groove 15 of the lifters 14. Other
methods for fastening the lining also fall within the scope
of the invention.
According to the invention, the lifters 13 have
been provided with inserts 20, to which a number of permanen-t
magnets 21 are secured. The permanent magnets project slight~
ly from the surfaces of the lifters 13 at their leading sides
~5 when the mill rotates in the direction of the arrow 22. It
may sometimes be advantageous however to have the permanen-t
magnets terminate immediately below the surfaces of the lift-
ers. The south and north poles of the permanent magnets 21
are alternately facing outwards and the permanent magnets
will thus attract magnetic particles in the charge of the
mill such that said particles are retained in the form of a
layer 23. This layer serves as an automatically regenerating
wear protectio~ means for the lifters 13 since the charge im-
7~
pinges upon said layer and is prevented from exerting an
equally heavy abrading effect on the lifters as if no layer
23 existed. The magnetic particles in the layer 23 may cert-
ainly come loose when the charge impinges upon the layer 23
but new magnetic particles in the charge will be attracted so
that the protective layer 23 i5 maintained intac-t also during
the continued rotation of the mill barrel.
In Fig. 1 the automatically regenerating wear pro-
tecting means of magnetic particles has been illustrated only
on the left-hand lifter to make a comparison with convention-
al lifters appear more clearly. At the right-hand lifter it
is shown by dash and dot lines 100, 101, 102 and 103 how a
conventional lifter entirely of rubber material changed its
profile during the course of a lengthy test in a mill where
the inventive principle was tested simultaneously with the
use of conventional lifters. The portions 14 of the lifters
13, the shell plates and the conventional lifters consisted
of the same wear resistant rubber material. The mill had a
diameter of 5.9 m and was continuously driven for secondary
grinding with the aid of lumps of magnetite and of quartz in
mixture (particle size maximum 60 mm), so-called pebbles. The
conventional lifters originally had the profile represented
by line 100, while lines 101, 102 and 103 represent the pro~
files of the remaining lifter rests after continuous opera~
tion for 7 months, 14 months and 21 months, respectively~
When profile 103 had been reached, i.e. after 21 months, the
time had come to insert new conventional lifters. After the
same time the rubber portion 14 of the lifters 13 equipped
with permanent magnets 21 had been subjected to wear in a
minor degree only, as has been shown by the dotted line 14
on the right-hand lifter in Fig. 1.
It could be established during the testing period
that the automatically regenerating wear protection layer 23
:~2~
was not entirely homogeneous but comprised an inner per se
homogeneous layer 23' of very fine-grained magnetic material
and an outer inhomogeneous layer 23" of coarser magnetic min-
eral particles and heavily worn down magnetite grinding
bodies or pebbles.
The tests made thus show that the invention results
in an extraordinarily essential improvement of the life of
the mill lining by the provision of the automatically regen-
erating wear protec-tion layer 23 of magnetic fine-grained
material contained in the charge.
Fig. 2 shows another example of how it has been
found possible to utilize the invention for the protection of
a mill barrel against wear. In this case -the mill had been
designed as a primary mill, i.e. a mill for grinding of
coarse starting material. The mill lining had been given a
wave shape in that the shell plates 24 had been formed as
steps having a low portion 25 and a high portion 26 which is
however lower than the upper side of the lifters 27. The fix~
ation of the lifters and the shell plates had been realized
in substantially the same manner as in Fig. 1. In the embodi-
ment according to Fig. 2, however, not only the lifters 27
but also the shell plates 24 had been provided with metal
inserts 20 and permanent magnets 21 secured thereto. As a
result, the permanent magnets placed on successively higher
levels will provide a slightly inclined surface profile with
a protective layer 23 of magnetic particles which were
attracted by the permanent magnets in the same way as in Fig.
1. Also in this case it could be established that the pro-
tective layer 23 had a laminar composition including an inner
fine-grained part layer 23' and outer, coarser part layers
23". The layer 23, when tested in a mill having a diameter of
2,9 m, had a thickness of about 5 cm and contained some worn
down grinding balls. The layer 23 formed a continuous fluid
~231 ~
11
ized bed which offered an efficient protection against the
abrasion of the lining.
Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment in which lifters
28 produced from a rubber or elastomeric material are vulcan-
ized to a metal sheet 29 which protrudes in either direction.
These lifters are kept in position with the aid of rubber or
elastomer elements 30 having a metal profile member 31 vul-
canized thereinto and co-operating with T-bolts 32, washers
33 and nuts 34, said elements 30 clamping the metal sheet 2~
to the mill barrel 10. Same as in the earlier described em-
bodiments, the lifter 28 has permanent magne-ts 21 vulcanized
thereinto. Said magnets 21 are mounted on a metal insert 20
and retain a regenerative, protective layer 23 which is
formed by magnetic particles in the charge of the mill being
attracted and retained by the permanent magnets 21. In this
case the permanent magnets have been placed in such a manner
that the protective layer 23 also extends a distance beyond
the lifter proper, thus protecting also the low portion in
front of the lifter where normally high abrasion occurs.
Figs. 4 and 5 show still another embodiment of the
invention in which the lifters are otherwise designed and
provided with a protective shield. The mill barrel 10 is thus
lined with shell plates 35 which are united with metal shee-ts
36 projecting in either direction. Between successive shell
plates 35 there are arranged lifters 37 having an outer pro~
tective sheath 38 of non-magnetic, wear resistant metallic
material. Inwardly of the metal protective shield 38 there
are provided permanent magnets 21 which are secured to an
insert 20 of magnetic metallic material. The permanent mag-
nets and the insert are kept in position with the aid of a
polyurethane rubber layer 39. Other plastic or elastomeric
materials are conceivable. The lifters are kept in position
with the aid of a profile bar 40 inserted therein, which is
~ ~ ~ 12
held clamped against the undercut groove formed in the lift-
ers by means of bolts 41 and nuts 42 which penetrate the mill
barrel 10. The permanent magnets 21 are arranged with their
south and north poles as indicated on the drawings such that
a protective layer 23 of magnetic particles from the charge
will be formed on the outer side of the protective shield 380
The lifters 37 can be given a relatively short
length, for example of 100 mm. The requisite total lifter
length is obtained by placing several lifters one after the
other and retaining them with the aid of a common fastening
bar 40 or with the aid of several such fastening bars follow-
ing upon each other. This embodiment is especially intended
for use in rod grinding, i.e. grinding in mills where use is
made of rod-shaped grinding bodies and in which there is the
risk that worn spear-like rod ends will penetrate into the
lifters and damage them. The magnet system is symmetrically
designed, which means that the rotation of the mill can be
reversed.
Fig. 6 shows a similar embodiment in which the
permanent magnets are placed in a symmetrical arrangementO In
this case the lifter 43 of rubber or other elastomeric mater~
ial has a metal profile member 44 vulcanized thereto, in
which an undercut groove 45 is provided for co-operation with
T-bolts 46 and nuts 47. The lifter clamps shell plates 35 in
position with the aid of the metal sheets 36 vulcanized to
said shell plates.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 6 the permanent
magnets 21 are secured to an insert 20 and have their active
pole surfaces at the bottom of conical recesses 98. As a re-
sult, particulate magnetic material in the charge will fill
out said conical recesses and thus serve as a regenerative,
protective layer outside the permanent magnets and also out-
side the rubber or elastomer portions of the lifters 43.
13
In this case, too, the lifter is symmetrical, for which
reason the direction of rotation of the mill can be reversed.
In the embodiments earlier described, permanent
magnets have been utilized to form the regenerative, pro-
tective layer of magnetic particles. In Fig. 7 is shown a
further embodiment in which electromagnets are employed for
the same purpose. Said embodiment resembles that of Figs. 4
and 5, but instead of a protective shield of non-magnetic
material, use is made of embedded magnetic steel plates 49
which serve as pole plates on electromagnets 50 secured to a
magnetic steel insert 20. The magnets 50, the insert 20 and
the pole plates 49 are secured by casting in a polyurethane
rubber layer 39 which protrudes from between the pole plates
49. With the aid of the electromagnets 50 which are connected
by leads (not shown) to a power source (not shown), there is
formed a regenerative, protective layer 23 of magnetic part~
icles comprised in the charge. In this case also the lifter
is symmetrical so that the direction of rotation of the mill
can be reversed.
The embodiments illustrated, in which the magnets
are secured to an insert vulcanized into elastomeric, plastic
or rubber material, provide the great advantage that the
magnets will be resiliently retained and as a consequence are
capable of better withstanding heavy shocks from large pieces
2S of material in the charge.
Figs. 8 and 9 show a still further embodiment of a
wall structure according to the present invention, utilized
in a ball mill. The lining comprises two types of standard
elements, one type corresponding to the shell plates while
the other type corresponds to the "lifters", even though this
mill has no lifting means projecting into the interior of the
mill. The elements 51 corresponding to the shell plates have
metal sheets 52 vulcanized thereinto on their sides facing
~2~ 97~
14
the mill barrel 10, and the rubber part 53 of the element
extends with a layer 54 over said metal sheets. Permanen-t
magnets 21 and metal inserts 20 connected to them and serving
as magnet cores are vulcanized into the elements 51. Protect-
ive plates 55 of non-magnetic metal material are secured to
the outer sides of the permanent magnets 21 for their pro-
tection. The parts 53 of the shell elements 51, which parts
are formed from elastomeric material, have rib-shaped elevat-
ed portions 56 between the rows of permanent magnets to cause
the layer of particles forming the protective layer 23 to
curve arcuately upwards between adjacent magnets and to
reduce the risks of the protective layer 23 being caused,
during the initial formation thereof, to slide along the
lining because of shearing forces.
The wall elements 57 corresponding to the lifters
similarly have permanent magnets 21, metal inserts 20 and
protective plates 55 which together with a metal profile bar
58 having an undercut groove 59 are vulcanized or embedded in
the elastomer portion 60 of the wall elements 57. The elasto-
mer portion which may consist of polyurethane rubber, extends
with a layer 61 beneath a part of the metal profile bar 58
and has a rib-shaped elevated portion 62. The wall elements
57 are secured to the mill barrel 10 by means of T-bolts ~6
and nuts ~7, thereby clamping the barrel plates 51 in
position.
In the embodiment illustrated, each of the elements
51 and 57 comprises four permanent magnets and two metal in-
serts 20 such that the elements are relatively small and
readily handled at the mounting thereof. They may of course
be manufactured in optional lengths.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 8 and 9, a contin-
uous protective layer 23 of reasonably uniform thickness made
up of magnetic particles in the material being ground will be
retained against the lining. In the embodiment illustrated,
the shell plates 51 have but two rows of permanent magnets
21, but with ~roader barrel plates still more rows of magnets
can of course be placed beside each other.
Figs. 10-12 show a lining which is used in a mill
and is formed from standard elements. The standard elements
63 which are manufactured with the shape illustrated in Figs~
10 and 11, comprise permanent magnets 21 embedded in elasto-
meric material 64, preferably polyurethane rubber or some
suitable plastic material, so that the elastomeric material
will constitute elevated portions 65 with longitudinal V-
shaped recesses 66 formed therein. The elastomeric material
leaves one longitudinal side of the permanent magnets free
such that the magnets slightly protrude from the elastomeric
material. However, the magnets can be allowed -to protrude
from the elastomeric material also on the opposite longitud-
inal side. It will be realized that in this embodiment no
metal insert of magnetic material is embedded in the elasto-
meric material. Instead, the magnetic circuit between the
permanent magnets is closed by means of the metal wall, in
the present instance a mill barrel, to be equipped with a
wear protection means. This will appear from Fig. 12. In the
said embodiment, magnetism is thus utilized not only to pro~
duce the protective layer 23 of magnetic particles but also
to retain the lining against its support. The adaptation of
the elements 63 to the arcuate shape of the mill barrel is
~acilitated by the recesses 66 and the bridges 67 of elasto-
meric material remaining beneath them, which serve as elasto-
mer springs. The standard elements 63 are of unsymmetrical
shape to facilitate a correct orientation of the elements and
their permanent magnets in relation to the adjacent elements~
The invention has been described in the foregoing
with reference to rotary mill barrels, but it is realized
~2~7~
16
that the invention is also useful for vibratory mills and
also for the protection of wall surfaces other than mill
barrels.
The invention is thus useful for many different
types of wall structures which are subjected to abrasion by
material containing magnetic particles which can form the
contemplated, automatically regenerating protective layer. By
way of example, reference is made to Fig. 13 which shows an
unloading station 69 for a conveyor belt 70 which conveys
particulate material containing magnetic particles, for ex-
ample magnetic concentrates. Fig. 13 is only schematical, and
the wall elements 68 can to advantage be formed in conformity
with Figs. 10 and 11, although elevated portions 65 are not
necessarily required. Alternatively, the wall elements can be
formed as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. As will appear from Fig.
13, the principles of the invention have been applied only to
the most exposed parts of the unloading station 69 and the
chute 71 beneath it, which may open above a further conveyor
72, a carriage, a bind of material, a screen or like means.
This is a divisional of Canadian Patent Application
Serial No. 355,357, filed July 3, 1980.
