Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~Z3'~
Background of the Invention
Lucy invention relates to a preparation for topical
applications and a process of using the same. In particular,
the subject invention relates to compositions of matter
containing certain golfing constituents in which specific
oily and emulsifying fractions are incorporated and for their
direct percutaneous application to selected areas to serve
with associated devices as an interracial chemical
composition therewith.
admittedly/ various formulations have been used for
topical applications having numerous active ingredients, said
formulations taking the form of an ointment, liniment, or
tincture for percutaneous application. As for most
ointments, they can form sticky and unpleasant residues when
applied and often may soil accompanying fabrics as well as
leather goods. moreover the active ingredients in the
ointment are not always fully available at the site of
application and therefore useful and, when necessary,
absorbable through cellular tissue. This is particularly
noticeable at warmer temperatures where ointments are often
susceptible to becoming somewhat unstable With liniments
and tinctures, on the other hand, active ingredients can
often be percutaneously applied more effectively than in
ointments; but the volatile active ingredients are often
volatilized by the body temperature and thus fail to give any
sustained medicinal efficacy or to play a role as an intimate
constituent on the area where applied.
It is known that certain polymeric materials used
in cosmetics and veterinary preparations, such as methyl
cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose may be applied to the
Jo
2--
so
tissues of an animal or human whereby a resinous-like
layer is formed. however, usually an application of such
material, especially in aqueous alcohol solutions, requires
Substantial quantities of such polymeric materials in order
to impart the desired coating action to the resulting
preparation. Additionally, when applied to the skin, the
preparation requires a long time for the formation of a
resinous layer sway be sticky to the touch, and may often be
unstable.
It is in these percutaneous applications that
proper formulation and topical application are to be sought,
especially for the veterinary compositions that will adhere
well, be stable, and form a suitable coating on the epidermis
of an animal so as to form an insulating barrier layer
there over.
It has been discovered that certain compositions of
matter seemingly aid, when applied to selected areas, in
retaining caloric values or body heat. The composition acts
as a barrier layer and, in conjunction with other devices,
actually brings about weight reduction or a change in
dimensional characteristics. It is not understood how this
is actually accomplished One theory is that the composition
probably increases the state of hydration of the lower layer
of the epidermis by altering the rate of diffusion of water
from the yet lower epidermal and dermal layers whereby the
rate of evaporation of water from the surface of the skin
layer is greatly increased. The compositions herein disclosed
and claimed have been found to substantially aid in retaining
body heat in order to remove moisture and fatty tissues from
the areas of the epidermis so treated, especially in
I
conjunction with wrappings of the plastic or rubberized type.
Summary of the Invention
The subject invention relates to an aqueous
emulsion composition which utilizes a combination of
ingredients that acts, when applied externally to tissues,
as an interracial barrier layer in conjunction with a
covering or wrapping device. In particular, the compositions
herein have been found useful for percutaneous application to
selected areas of an animal's epidermis to aid in retaining
their caloric values or body heat in order to reduce moisture
and/or fatty tissues of the areas of the animals so treated.
Broadly, the compositions of matter of the present invention
are aqueous compositions comprising about 0.1 to 1 weight
percent of a golfing agent such as acrylic acid polymers,
about 0.1 to 1 weight percent of a polyhedra alcohol, an
emulsifying fraction of about 0.1 to 6 weight percent of an
if) ethoxylated ether of oilily alcohol and (2) esters of
phosphoric acid and an ethoxylated ether of oilily alcohol, an
oily or lubricating fraction of about 0.1 to 5 weight percent
of lanolin derivatives such as acetylated esters of the
ethoxylated ether ox lanolin alcohols, about 0.1 to 3 weight
percent of a dialkylpolysiloxane, said lubricating fraction
further including about 0.5 to 2 weight percent of an alkyd
ester of a saturated fatty acid such as isopropyl palpitate,
a neutralizing agent, said agent being present in about 0.1
to 10 weight percent, and the remainder water.
The method of the subject invention is addressed to
applying, to an area of an animal for which one desires to
eliminate moisture (e.g., the neck area of a horse), a thin
uniform coating of the aforementioned composition and
75~3
thereafter covering the coated portion with a plastic or
rubberized wrap for a predetermined period of time and
thereafter removing the wrap and rinsing or sponging the
treated area.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention can be broadly defined as a
composition of matter comprising about 0.1 to 1 weight
percent of a golfing fraction of acrylic acid polymer, about
0 1 to 1 weight percent of a polyhydric alcohol, about 0.1 to
6 weight percent of an ethoxylated oilily alcohol and oilily
ether phosphate, about 0.5 to weight percent of a alkyd
ester of a saturated fatty acid, about 0.1 to 5 weight
percent of a lanolin derivative, about 0.1 to 3 weight
percent of a dialkylpolysiloxane, about 0.1 to 10 weight
percent of a basic component and the remainder water.
In a preferred embodiment, the golfing fraction is a
2 percent acrylic acid polymer solution which makes up above
90 to 98 percent of the total composition, while an
emulsifying fraction, containing ethoxylated oilily alcohol
and oilily ether phosphate, comprises about 0.5 to 10 percent
of the total composition, and a lubricating or oily fraction
which comprises about 0.5 to 5 percent of the total.
The golfing agents found suitable for the subject
composition of the invention are those that may be generally
described as inter polymers of a monomeric monoolefinic
acrylic acid of the structure:
R
SHEA = C-COOH
where R is a substituent selected from the class consisting
of hydrogen and lower alkyd groups, and from about 0.1 to
7~3
about 10 percent by weight based on the total monomeric of a
monomeric polyether or an oligosaccharide in which the
hydroxyl groups which are modified are etherified with ally
groups said polyether containing at least two ally groups
per oligosaccharide molecule.
The inter polymer can be formed varying greatly in
molecular size, which may conveniently be evaluated in terms
of viscosity of an aqueous solution, a 2 percent solution
being generally suitable. The aforementioned inter polymers
are commercially available and are marketed under the trade
name Carbopol. These are described as being polymers of
acrylic acid cross-linked with about 1 percent of a polyallyl
ether of sucrose having an average of about 5.8 ally groups
for each sucrose molecule. These polymers have molecular
weight in the order of magnitude of 1,000,000. Such polymers
are available from the B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company and
are sold under the trademark "Carbopol 934". Similarly,
constituted products are designated "Carbopol 940: and
"Carbopol 941".
The various Carbopols are distinguished from each
other by the manufacturer on the basis of their viscosity.
This is given in the following table:
Brook field RVF or VET Viscosity, cup
(20 rum at 25_ C., Neutralized Sons)
% Sol. Min. Max. Spindle
Carbopol 9340.2 2,050 5,450 4
- 0.5 30,500 3~,400 6
Carbopol 9400.2 15,000 35,000 6
0 5 40,000 60,000 7
lo 50,000 85,000 7
Carbopol 9410.05 700 3,000 3
0.2 1,900 7,000 4
; 0.5 4,000 11,000 5
The polyhydric alcohol suitable for use in the
compositions of the present invention, especially in forming
7~B
.
the golfing fraction thereof, includes propylene glycol,
ethylene glycol and glycerol and the like.
In a preferred method of making, say about 400
pounds of the golfing fraction of the subject composition, a
two percent solution of the acrylic acid polymer is prepared
by just placing in a suitable tank about 38~ lobs., of
deionized water followed by about 5 lobs., 80z. of propylene
glycol and 8 lobs., of the acrylic acid copolymer (Carbopol
940). It has been found best to incorporate small amounts of
germicides into this solution in order to preserve it
against bacterial attack and the like. Satisfactory for this
purpose has been found a combination of about 182 grams of
methyl para-hydroxybenzoate and I grams of propel
para-hydroxybenzoate. In the preparation of the golfing
solution, it has been found best to just place the water-in a
container and thereafter to weigh out the propylene glycol in
a separate container adding measured amounts of the
hydroxybenzoates and heating to complete solution thereof.
Thus solution is added to the water and thereafter with
constant stirring the acrylic acid polymer is sprinkled into
the solution and continually stirred until complete solution
is obtained. The resulting solution is substantially a
viscous, homogeneous gel ox clear-milky appearance.
The second fraction of the subject composition is
essentially a combination, in a broad sense, of a lubricating
and emulsifying portion. As for the emulsifying portion, it
comprises an ethoxylated oilily alcohol as well as an oilily
ether phosphate. In particular, the alcohol component is the
ethoxylated ether of oilily alcohol and conforms generally to
the formula:
I
/1~35-~
OH (OH ) OH = CH(CH2)7CH2(CH2CH2)n
an average value of 3. The alcohol has a specific gravity
of about 0.86 to 0.90. A commercially available ethoxylated
oilily alcohol is Volpo*3 (Coda, Inc., New York, New York).
As for the other constituent of the emulsifying portion
found suitable for the subject invention, the esters formed
generally rendering a couples mixture of esters, by the
reaction of phosphoric acid and an ethoxylated ether of
oilily alcohol conforming to the formula:
I 2)7C CH(CH2)7CH2(OCH2CH2) OH
where n has an average volume of 10. Again, a commercially
available product is Crodophos* N-10 neutral produced by
Coda, Inc., New York, New York. In general, the ester has
an iodine value of about 22 to about 32 and pi value of
about 5.5 to 7Ø
The emulsifying portion may vary over a wide range,
but preferably between about 0.1 and 6 weight percent of
the total composition. In general, about 1 to about 2
weight percent of each has been found satisfactory.
The compositions of the subject invention are to
include at least one alkyd ester of a saturated fatty acid
in which the alkyd radical has from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms
and the saturated fatty acid has from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
The role played by such alkyd ester is not fully understood
but their presence seemingly enhances the subject composition.
In general, the compositions of the subject invention should
contain about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent of such alkyd
esters The preferred one is isopropyl palpitate. Other
suitable esters may be used and include ethyl laureate, ethyl
palpitate, ethyl Stewart, isopropyl
*Trade mark
--8
.
I
merriest, isopropyl Stewart, bottle palpitate, bottle
Stewart, ponytail laureate, Huxley palpitate, octal palpitate,
dodecyl surety, hexadecyl Stewart, octodecyl myristate
and the like.
The preferred ally ester is the isopropyl
palpitate, the ester produced by the reaction of isopropyl
alcohol and palmitic acid.
In the oily or lubricating portion of the subject
composition, certain lanolin derivatives are preferred. In
this regard, the acetylated esters of the ethoxylated ether
of lanolin alcohol have been found to be most satisfactory.
Such derivatives have an average ethoxylation level of 10
moles ethylene oxide. In general, the lanolin alcohol is a
mixture of organic alcohols derived from the hydrolysis of
lanolin. A commercially available product, Solulan 98,
produced by Amerchol, Edison, New Jersey has been found to
be most satisfactory, said product having a saponification
value of between about 65 and 75, a specific gravity (25 C.)
of about 1.035 and 1.055, and a pi of a 10 percent aqueous
solution of about 5.0 to 7.5.
The polyalkylsiloxanes acceptable for use in the
compositions of the present invention have the general formula:
--~R2Si~
wherein R is Of - C4 alkyd or phenol and has a viscosity at
25 C., of from about 2,000 centistokes. A preferred
polyalkylsiloxane is Silicone 200 Fluid supplied by the Dow
Corning Corporation, having a viscosity at 25 C., of about
350 centistokes. In general, this fluid is a mixture of
fully methylated linear selection polymer and blocked with
trimethylsiloxy units. It conforms generally to the formula:
rr~Je awry
go
75~3
SHEA SHEA 1 SHEA
SHEA- -- So O L Six O So c~3
SHEA SHEA - SUE
In general, the mixture of ingredients
above-disclosed forms an aqueous solution in accordance with
this invention having a Semite acidic emulsion and should
be somewhat neutralized with a basic component. Examples of
components useful in this invention for neutralizing the
combination of ingredients herein disclosed are the organic
amine, including alkylamines such as methyl amine ethyl amine
and propylamine; dialkylamines such as dimethylamine,
diethylamine and dipropylamine; trialkylamines such as
trimethylamine, triethylamine and tripropylamine,
alkanolamines such as methanol amine, ethanol amine and
propanolamine; dialkanolamines such as dimethanolamine,
diethanolamine and dipropanolamine and dibutanolamine;
trialkanolamine such as trimethanolamine, trlethanolamine,
tripropanolamine and tributanolamine; and
trimethylolaminomethane. Although the organic basic
components are found most useful in composition of the
subject invention, inorganic basic components are also useful
and include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium
hydroxide and the like.
The neutralization of the ingredients herein with
the water-soluble basic component is generally so adjusted
that the resulting preparation in the form of a gel has a pi
proximate to neutrality; isle of 6.0 to 7.5.
The compositions may advantageously be prepared by
just mixing the two percent polyacryIic acid (golfing
fraction) first and thereafter adding the ethoxylated oilily
.
--10--
it I 347S~3
`:
alcohol and oilily ester phosphate, followed by the alkyd
ester (isopropyl palpitate) and the lanolin derivative along
with the dimethylpolysiloxane, the composition being finally
neutralized by the water-sol~ble base.
A specific example embodying this invention follows
and is not meant to be limiting. All percentages used herein
in the specification and the claims are by weight unless
otherwise specified.
Example
the interracial composition of this example can
; give a highly effective emulsion thaw, when applied to the
neck of a horse in a thin coating and thereafter covered by a
plastic or rubberized neck wrap, results in substantially
reducing the size of the horse's neck without any need to
exercise the horse as described in more detail hereinafter.
It is believed that the subject composition physically aids
in sealing off the plastic or rubberized wrapping by forming
some sort of a barrier which greatly helps during the
sweating process by retaining body heat necessary for the
reduction of moisture and/or fatty tissue.
The following interracial composition was made:
A. A two percent polyacrylic acid homogeneous gel was I'
prepared by mixing in the order given the following
ingredients:
1. Water deionized 386 lobs.
2. Propylene glycol 5 lobs., 8 oz.
3. loath p-hydroxybenzoate182 gyms.
4. Propel p-hydroxybenzote 45 gyms.
5. Polyacrylic acid (Carbopol 940) 8 lobs.
About 40 pounds of the two percent polyacrylic acid
-Rudy marry
~3'~5~
. ,
gel and 198 lobs. of water were added and mixed.
B. In a separate container the following ingredients were
added in the order set forth:
tho~ylated Oilily Alcohol (Volpoi3) 3 lobs.
2. Oilily other Phosphate (Crodophos N-10 Neutral) 3 lobs.
3. Isopropyl Palpitate (merest 2316) 2 lobs.
4. Lanolin Derivative (Solulan 98) 1 lb.
Jo
5. Dimethylpolysiloxane (Dow 200 Fluid
100 as) 1 lb.
The above composition (B) was added to the gel (A)
with constant stirring and was thereafter neutralized with
about 1 lb., 8 oz. of triethanolamine.
The method of application for the above-identified
interracial composition shall now be described. Each horse
was first shampooed, rinsed, and wiped down prior to
treatment. Each application of the composition was evenly
applier while the hair was still wet, to both sides of the
neck from the mane down to the neck underline and from the
jaw line to the slope of the shoulder. In general, between
three to four ounces of the interracial composition were
applied to each horse.
After the composition was evenly applied to the
area of the neck, a neck wrap was placed about the neck. The
neck wrap used covered the neck completely from the jaw line
and ears in front of the throat-latch back past the withers
and down over the shoulders. When the neck wrap had been
fitted over the neck, each horse was cross tied in its stall
for one hour. At the end of the one-hour-treatment period,
the neck wrap was removed and the treated area rinsed.
- Control horses in this study received the same
Dow lo K
-12-
~23~7~
preparation and treatment as described above except that no
interracial composition was applied.
measurements were taken or the neck circumference
for each horse using a measuring tape at two locations on the
neck; viz., the throat latch and the base of the nick. the
base of the neck is that point immediately anterior to 'rye
apex of the wither down along the slope of the shoulder to
the chest then up along the opposite shoulder slope back Jo
the wither. An additional measurement was taken using Zoo
calipers to measure the thickness of the neck, one side to
the other. These measurements were taken at the throat
latch, the base of the neck, and midway between the throat
latch and the base of the neck.
measurements were taken prior to treatment, at the
end of the one-hour-treatment period (immediately after the
nucleic wraps were removed) and again at one week after
treatment. Measurements were repeated three times for neck
circumference at each time interval for each horse and the
average used to represent the required measurement for that
point in time. The neck thickness measurements were taken
once at each time interval. Each treatment was replicated a
total of three times and involved a total of nine horses for
the test. Note Table 1. Replicates one and two were
comprised of stalled horses while replicate three for etch
treatment involved a reasonably fat brood mar
- Tables 2 and 3, summarized in Table 4 an indexed
in Table 5, show that the interracial composition in
conjunction with the full-neck wrap affords rapid reduction
of the neck circumference in the horses treated. It should
be pointed out that this effect was more pronounced at the
75~
throat latch than at the base of the neck. From Table 6,
these data show that the use of the composition was four
times more effective after one hour in reducing the neck size
in horses at the throat latch when compared to using only the
neck wrap without said composition and under the same test
regimen, in place for one hour. Although measurements taken
at the base of the neck indicate similar effects in reducing
neck circumference, these measurements were not as great in
terms of reduced inches as those measurements taken in the
throat latch area.
It may be added that the data further shows that by
the end of one week post treatment, most of the inches
removed from the neck had been, for the most part, regained.
This observation was more noticeable in the control group
than in the treated group.
The horses treated with the interracial composition
appeared to have tighter skins and somewhat smoother hair in
the treated area immediately after the neck wraps were
removed when compared to untreated control horses.
In conclusion, it is observed that when the
interracial composition is applied in conjunction with a full
neck wrap, it is highly effective in reducing the neck
circumference in horses after one hour of treatment.
Specifically, the throat latch area of the horses treated
with the subject composition was reduced four times more than
the throat latch on horses treated only with the neck wrap.
It will be appreciated that in displaying or showing horses,
the animals are normally viewed standing and when viewed from
the side the throat latch area is noticeable and significant
in judging and evaluating horses. Thus any reduction in
~34 7s~3
this normally thickened portion is favorably considered by
those skilled in judging such animals.
-
Table 1. Description of horses used to study the effectiveness of the interracial composition in
reducing neck size in horses.
Identification Maintenance
Number _ Age equity Sex_ System
INTERRACIAL COMPOSITION
. 1422 8 ye 1000 Stallion Stall
0060 2 ye 950 Mare Stall
0111 16 ye 1100 Mare Pasture
CONTROL
0059 15 ye 1000 Gelding Stall
1429 4 ye 1100 Mare Stall
0110 13 ye 1000 Mare Pasture
. -15-
!
~3~-~7~3
:
.
Table 2. Neck circumference at both the throat latch and the
base of the neck of horses before and following
treatment with the interracial composition. 1/ 2/
Identify- Measure-
cation mint Throat Latch _ Base of Neck
umber Number 0 1 ho 1 wok 0 1 ho 1 k
--- . ._ Jo
1422 1 33.00 32.75 32.75 51.00 51.00 51.25
2 33.25 32.00 32.50 52.25 51.75 51.75
` 3 32.?5 31.75 32.75 51.50 51.25 - 51.75
Total 99.00 95.50 98.00 155.25 153.50 154.75
Total Reduction -3.50 -1.00 -1.75 -0.50
- Average Reduction -1.17 -0.33 -0.58 -0.17
0060 1 31. by 30.00 30.75 51.0050.50 51000
2 31.00 30.25 31.25 50.75 50.5051.00
3 31.00 30.00 3~.25 50.75 SWEDE
Total 93.00 90.25 93.75 152.50 151.25 152.50
Total Reduction -2.75 +0.75 -1.25 0.0
Average Reduction ~0.92 +0.25 -0.42 0.0
0111 1 33.50 32.25 32.25 52.75 52.2552.50
2 33.25 32.00 33.00 53.00 52.5052.50
3 OWE 32.25 33.00 52.75 52.0052.75
Total 100.25 96.50 99.25 158.50 156.75 157.75
Total Reduction -3.75 -1.00 -1.75 -0.75
Average Reduction -1.25 -0.33 -0.58 -0.25
. .
1/ All measurements were reported in inches.
Each treatment required that the neck be covered with a
; full neck wrap during the one-hour-treatment phase.
:-. .
I.',''. '
-16-
.
~23475B
able 3. Neck circumference at both the throat latch and the
base of the neck of horses/ 2/ at indicated time
intervals during the study.
dentify- pleasure-
gallon mint 0 _ 1 ho_
0059 ' 1 32.25 31.5031.75 49.0049.00 aye
2 31.50 31.7532.00 48.5049.00 4g.0~
3 32.00 31.5031.50 49.00 OWE
:~- Total 95.75 94.7595.25 146.50146.5Q 147.00
Total Reduction -1.0-0.50 0.0 ~0.50
Average Reduction -0.33-0.17 0.0 +0.~7
1429 1 33.25 32.7533.25 49.7549.7~ 4g.75
2 32.75 33.0033.25 50.0049.75 50.~9
3 33.25 32.7533.00 50.0050.00 49.75
Total 99.25 98.50 99.50 149.75 149.50 149.5
Total Reduction. -0.75~0~25 -0.25 -0.25
Average Reduction -0.25~0.08 -0.08 -0.08
0110 1 34.25 34.0034~00 51.2551.00 OWE
2 34.50 34.0034.75 51.0051.00 51.25
3 34.25 34.2534.25 51.2551.25 OWE
Total 103.00 102.25 103.00 153.50 153.25 ~53.25
royal Reduction -0.75 0.0 -0.25-C.~5
Average Reduction -0.25 0.0 -0.08 -Q~8
All measurements were reported in inches.
2/ Each treatment required that the neck be covered with a
full neck wrap dun no the one-hour-treatment phase.
.
-17-
- ~3~7S~
.
Table 4. Summary table showing thy reduction in neck
circumference at two locations on the neck with
composition when compared to control horses
Identifi-l~eduction in neck size winches)
cation Throat Latch Ruse of Mock
Number_ 1 ho 1 wok 1 ho 1 wok
, . __
INTERRACIAL COMPOSITION
1422 1.17 0.33 0.58 0.17
0062 0.92 -0.25 0.42 0.00
0111 1.25 0.33 0.58 0.25
Average 1.11 0.14 0.53 0.14
CONTROL
0059 0.33 0.17 0.00 -0.17 I-
1429 0.25 -0.08 0.08 0.08
0110 0.25 0.00 0.08 0.08
Average 0.28 0.03 0-05 0-003
. __
1/ Each horse was required to wear a full neck wrap during
the one-hour-treatment phase.
:
:
_ _ . _ Jo
liable 5. Effectiveness index for interracial composition
when compared to the standard (untreated control)
and the corresponding inches reduced (in
parenthesis).
Reduction in neck size (inches)
Throat Latch Base of Neck
- Product 1 ho 1 ok 1 ho 1 wok
INTERRACIAL COMPOSITION
Interracial
Composition 4.0 4.7 10.6 46.7
(includes use (1.11") (0.14") (0.53") (0.14")
of a neck wrap)
Control 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
(Neck Wrap Only) (0.28") (0.03") (0.05") (0.Q03")
. - -----
:
.
. .'
, -18- -
~;~3~75~
, .,
. _ .
Table 6. Thickness of the neck at three locations on the
neck before and after treatment with the
interracial. composition.
Identification Throat Mid Base of
_ Number _ Latch Neck_ Neck
IMTERFACIAL COMPOSITION
1422 Before 9.1259.75 11.75
After (1 hour) 9.125 9.75 11.625
. After (1 week) 9.125 .9.75 11.625-
-
0060 Before 8.6259 D 375 11.50
After (1 hour) 8.625 9.375 11050
After (1 week) 8.625 9.375 11.50
0111 Before 9.509.875 11.875
After (1 hour) 9.50 9.875 11.875
After (1 week) 9.50 9.875 11.875
CONTROL
0059 Before 9.125 9.825 11.875
After (1 hour) . 9.125 9.875 11.750
. After (1 week) 9.1~5 9.875 11.875
1429 Before 9.62510.750 12.625
After (1 hour 9.500 10.750 12.625
After (1 week). 9.625 10.750 12.625
0110 Before 9.62510.875 13.125
. After (1 hour) 9.500 10.875 . 13.000
After (1 week) 9-500 10.875 13.125
. .
It will be understood that the specification and
. example herein are merely illustrative and not limiting of
--19--
75~
the present invention and that other embodiments within the
- spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to
those skilled in the art.
.
. -20-
