Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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RESONANT CAVITY ERR A HYDROGEN GENERATOR
CROSS REFERENCE.
In the non-electrolysis process disclosed and
claimed in my co-pending Canadian patent application, Serial
Number 420,908, filed 4 February 1983, for HYDROGEN GENERATOR
SYSTEM for separating hydrogen and oxygen atoms from water,
water is passed between two plates of similar non-oxidizing
metal. The one plate has placed thereon a positive potential
and the other a negative potential from a very low-direct-
current power source. The action of the direct current voltage
causes the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to be separated. The
lo contaminants in the water also separated out and may be
collected or utilized and disposed of. This in turn lends the
process to recombining the hydrogen and oxygen into pure water.
The direct current voltage applied to the plates
is non-regulated and non-filtered. The direct current acts as
a static force on the water molecules whereas the rippling
direct current voltage acts as a dynamic force. Pulsating the
direct current further acts as a dynamic force and enhances
considerably the splitting of the atoms from the water
molecules. An increase in voltage potential further increases
the hydrogen output. Certain plate arrangements and
configurations with graphical illustrations of relative
efficiency are disclosed.
In my co-pending patent application, swooper, it
was shown that the hydrogen gas generator is variably increased
by varying the construction of the exciters; more particularly,
by (1) increasing the area of the plates, (2) reducing the
space between the plates, and (3) altering the physical
configuration of the plate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The basic structure of and principles of
operation disclosed in the aforesaid co-pending patent
application are utilized. The non-oxidizing exciters are of a
Jo construction, spherical in a preferred embodiment, with a given
spacing between the positive and negative elements to form a
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resonant cavity at a given frequency. The direct current
voltage is pulsed at a repetition rate (frequency) to match the
resonant wavelength.
At the matched frequency the action of the
pulsed direct current voltage is enhanced considerably. The
forceful action on the water molecule cause the molecules tug
bream into their atomic structure at a much more rapid rate;
thereafter, the gas atoms are set into motion within the
resonant cavity, thereby increasing velocity to a jet 2
action as they are released from a port.
The single resonant cavity has a controlled size
port for the utilization of the high velocity gasses.
The resonant cavity plate structure in a
preferred arrangement is an array of elements. The gasses
emitted from the array are combined and expelled as high
velocity gasses from a common nozzle and utilized.
principal object of the present invention it
to provide an improved method and apparatus for the separation
of hydrogen/oxygen gasses from water.
In accordance with one aspect of the present
invention there is provided a process for producing a gaseous
medium which includes hydrogen and oxygen from water,
comprising: providing at least one pair of spaced apart
electrically conductive , non-oxidizing exciter elements in
association with a cavity having a selected resonant frequency
and in which there is water, said exciter element being in
contact with the water in the cavity, applying a voltage
potential to said exciter elements such that one element
maintains a positive charge and the other a negative charge,
and pulsing the voltage potential at a frequency matching the
resonant frequency ox the cavity.
In accordance with a further aspect of the
present invention there is provided apparatus for producing a
gaseous medium which includes hydrogen and oxygen from water
35 comprising a first exciter element formed of an electrically
conductive non-reactive material having a surface which defines
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the boundaries of a cavity, said cavity having a predetermined
resonant frequency with a quantity of water therein, a second
exciter element of -the said same material within said kowtow in
selected spaced relationship from said first exciter element, 5 means permitting the inflow of water into said cavity and means
permitting the outflow of gasses from said cavity, said gasses
being obtained from water in the cavity when an electrical
pulsating potential is applied to said exciter elements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS-
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the
structure of the present invention in its most simplified
arrangement.
Figures 2, PA, and 2B, are a series of waveforms
illustrating the pulse rate of the direct current to match the
resonant frequency of the structure of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the
utilization of the structure of Figure l.
Figure 4 is a first alternative structure to
that shown in Figure l.
Figure 5 is another alternative structure to
that show in Figure 1.
Figure 6 is another alternative structure to
that shown in Figure 1.
Figure 7 and PA are an array of exciters, such
as shown in Figure 1, in a preferred embodiment.
Figure is an array of exciters, such as shown
in Figure 3, in a preferred embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION.
Reference is now made to the several figures
depicting the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1 there is illustrated a device lo which
~`~ includes a vessel 5 having therein an outer shell 9 and an
inner element 15. The shell 9 has a gas expulsion opening 3 in
its uppermost region, and a gas guide 13 flared out from the
opening 8.
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hell 9 and element 15 are spherical the latter
being centrally positioned within the sphere 9 and of much
smaller diameter. The outer shell is the grounder negative
side and adopted to and connected to a suitable DC voltage
source via terminal I and wire 17. The inter element 15, is
adapted for connection to the positive side of the potential
via terminal I wire 14 and a support 11 for the element 15
which enters shell through a water intake opening 12 in the
lower end thereof.
The vessel 5 contains water 4, replenished from
a source through faucet I, at a level above the shell and
element 15. The water 4 flows into the cavity of shell 9
through the lower opening I
As described in my aforesaid patent application
the direct current electrical potential is in the nature of a
physical force on the water molecule which causes the water
molecule to break up into its atomic structure liberating
hydrogen and oxygen in gaseous form from the water. Also other
gasses, such as nitrogen, that may be entrapped therein will be
released.
In that the aforesaid process is not an
electrolysis process, water of any origin may be used,
irrespective of the contaminant content. In the process, as
the gasses are released the contaminants will be separated and
fall to the bottom of the container.
Again, since the process does not in fact
generate hydrogen but simply releases the hydrogen, the process
; is most efficient and not power intensive. The direct current
; voltage/potential is of extremely low voltage and only of an
insignificant current.
There is described in the process of my co-
pending patent application apparatus and methods for increasing
the output of hydrogen for a given voltage/potential input.
For instance plate spacing and plate area are discussed;
; 35 pulsing the direct current and applying an unfiltered direct
I` current all in one manner or another enhances the release of
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hydrogen. Increasing the voltage/potential will increase the
gas output proportionally.
In each of the apparatus or method L or
increasing the output, the physical force applied to the water
molecule is the controlling factor. It can be appreciated that
limitation may be reached in the control of these dynamic and
strati forces.
In the prevent invention, the preferred
embodiment utilizes in one manner or another, all of the
aforementioned output control factors and is directed primarily
to pulsing the direct current potential.
It has been found that the distance between
plates of the exciters will have, or can be adjusted to have, a
wavelength or partial wavelength, or a multiple wavelength,
related to the motion of the water molecule in traveling from
the one plate to the other. Therefore, the structure is
constructed to be a resonant cavity at some given frequency of
the molecular motion.
With specific reference again to Figure 1, the
distance from the outer surface of the central element lo to
the inner surface pa of the outer spherical element 9 will be
at some wavelength correlated to the molecular motion of
travel. When the wavelength is matched with a physical force
equal in frequency to that wavelength the inner area become a
resonant cavity. As understood in resonant cavities of an
electron nature, the molecules are set into motion and will be
bombarded by and forth from the one surface to the next
continuously so long as the initial force is applied.
In the sphere of Figure 1, the directions that
the water molecules may travel from the inner sphere lo to the
surface pa of the other sphere 9 is of an infinite number.
Considering a single molecule, the water molecule's motion will
under normal conditions be impeded by the water. If the
distance between the inner and outer sphere is co-related to a
wavelength related to the frequency of the pulsating direct
current applied to the water, the water molecule will be set in
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motion and thereafter enhanced in motion in the r230nant cavity
3 and overcome the impediment of water.
Further, the molecule upon striving the inside
surface of the outer sphere, will be reflected and directed to
an angular surface where it again will be reflected. This
action continues indefinitely and will continue until the
applied energy is terminated. Thus, a resonant cavity causes
the water molecule to travel back and forth continuously and at
a velocity that inquiry geometrically.
The above-noted single molecule's motion of
travel will be further increased in velocity when it is
considered that the number of water molecules is infinite and
the striking force it not only from surface-to-sur~ace but Allah
from molecule-to-molecule.
lo The enhanced physical action on the water
molecule in the resonant cavity 3 will directly affect the
breaking up of the molecule into its gaseous atomic structure.
As this occurs, the hydrogen, oxygen and other gasses that may
be released from the water will be similarity set into motion.
The gas atoms will be reflected from the surface pa and bombard
each other in geometric proportion to the energy applied. The
water impediment now is relatively insignificant.
With reference to the graph of Figure 2, the
direct current input voltage a is pulsed at a repetition rate,
as shown by waveform b, (per second) equal to the resonance
frequency of the cavity 3.
To enhance the forceful action of the applied
pulsed direct current voltage/potential on the water molecule
and the sub-atomic action for the release of gasses, the
pulsing of the direct current is periodically interrupted as
shown in the graph of Figure PA. That is, the pulse frequency
; and pulsed direct current c, c1, and c2 is interrupted in
uniform intervals do, do, and do. Again, the pulsed direct
current may be periodically interrupted. That is, the
interruption between pulses c, c1, c2, and C3... is or
different time periods: en, en, and en.
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Returning to Figure 1, an opening is provided
in the uppermost portion of the outer sphere of the resonant
cavity 3 structure. The travel of the spas atoms 7 bombarding
back and forth in the resonant cavity 3 will eventually pays
through the opening 8. However, the movement of the gas atoms
7 has been accelerated as aforesaid and when they pass through
the opening 8 they are at an extremely high velocity. That is,
the motion of the gay atoms 7 will pass out of opening 8 as
though they are jet propelled.
lo The structure of Figure 1 is that Go a sphere 9
with another sphere 15 positioned therein. The spacing between
the outer surface of the inner sphere 15 to the inner wall pa
of sphere 9 provides a resonant cavity to a given frequency of
the physical force of the direct current voltage. Other
resonant cavities may be utilized in other arrangements.
In Figure 3 the re30nant cavity structure 20 is
utilized in a first completed self contained embodiment. Water
4 enters via nozzle 19 directly into the chamber of the closed
sphere I.
The structure of Figure 3 is substantially
identical in operation to that of Figure 1. However, in this
embodiment, the opening 8 has a nozzle 2 therein with ports of
selected size. The velocity of the gasses being expelled
determines the sizes of the port of the nozzle 2. That is,
the ports in the noble 2 must be sufficiently large to permit
an adequate amount of gas to be expelled to maintain a flame,
but not so small that the velocity of the gasses expelled would
be so great that combustion cannot be sustained. The direction
of the high velocity Gus is controlled by guide 13. The
Gus 7 may be ignited by igniter 25 or utilized directly in
another manner.
The resonant cavities of Figures 1, 3, and are
,
related to the spacing between an outside and an inside
spherical structure comprising a resonant cavity to the excited
atoms in the atomic process. other configurations particularly
those shown in the aforesaid co-pending patent application, may
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be constructed or modified to be resonant couches. The
resonant cavities will enhance the release of the gasses,
irrespective of their configuration. However, the structure
that is found most productive may be related to it utilization
in an operable embodiment.
More particularly, the resonant cavity of Figure
4 is an elongated exciter 31. The spacing between the elements
33 and 36 provide the resonant cavity. The gasses 35 in this
embodiment will be jettisoned broadside along the slot 32.
lo In Figure 5 there is illustrated the coaxial
exciter arrangement of the preferred embodiment of the
aforementioned co-pending patent application. In this
embodiment the spacing 34 between the inner plate 39 and the
inner wall of the outer element 37 is adjusted to be resonant
at a given frequency. The input direct current it pulsed
accordingly. The gasses are propelled along the longitudinal
axis of the elements 37 and I and expelled from the end 38 of
the exciter.
The exciter 40 of Figure 6 is an improvement
over an earlier development in that increased surface area is
provided by corrugations in the walls that create the resonant
cavity.
The corrugations provide an enhancement of the
sub-atomic action on the water entering at 44. The spacing 46
between the plate 41 and plate 42 is such that the cavity is
resonant at a particular frequency, as aforementioned.
However, instead of a forward direct line back-and-forth path
of the atom flow, the corrugations of the convex 47 and concave
49 surfaces cause the atoms to move in a forward and backward /
back-and-forth path. The increased movement, in turn,
increases the sub-atomic action and the velocity of the flow of
gasses 45 emitted from the end 43 of exciter 40.
Referring now to Figures 7 and PA, the structure
of Figure 1 is in an array of resonant cavities aye to 50n.; 35 Specifically, the housing 51 having water 52 therein includes
the array of exciters, having a positive potential applied to
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its central element aye to 53n, via terminal 64 arid a negative
potential to the outer element aye to 55n.
The direct current potential is pulsed in a
repetitive frequency, as noted Ahab, to match the frequent of
the resonant cavity. The Gus aye to 54n being released from
respective ones of exciters aye to 50n are directed by the
guide walls 56 to the upper chamber 58 wherein the high
velocity Gus 54 are accumulated. As the gasses 54 are
; accumulated the pressure in the upper chamber 58 inquiry
proportionally.
With reference to Figure 3, the port 2 it
correlated in size of opening relative to the velocity of the
gasses. If the port 2 it oversize the velocity of the gasses
will be so great that a f lame could not be sustained and
backfire may occur. Hence the port size is limited.
In Figure 7, the ports aye to 57n may be greater
in size that the individual port 2 of Figure 3. The individual
outputs are not utilized to support a flame hence the
significance of limiting the port size and the danger of
flashback is not critical. The outputs from each of the
exciters are accumulated as gasses 54 in a master chamber 58.
With particular reference now to Figure 8 there
is illustrated an array of the gas exciters illustrated in
Figure 3. The operation of the individual gas exciters is
identical to that of Figure 3 except that in the array the
several gas flames from the individual exciters are accumulated
in chamber 75.
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Throughout the above specification the term
"plate" is used to denote an element as described. It
is specifically understood that the term plate is not to
be limited to a flat or planar construction, but may be
Jo 5 a structure of any configuration.
Although certain embodiments are shown,
modification may be had without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention.
In the foregoing there is described with
reference to the drawings, apparatus for obtaining a gaseous
medium which includes hydrogen and oxygen from water.
The following is a brief explanation as to what is believed
takes place in practicing the invention.
A water molecule is exposed to a potential
difference physically between one positively charged and
one negatively charged electrical voltage zone. The unlike
hydrogen and oxygen atoms, already having a positive
negative charge in the bound molecule, assume opposing
electrical characteristics that are equal in magnitude
and potential. In the zone of potential difference the
electrical polarity of the water molecule is stabilized.
Although the molecule is stabilized in electrical polarity
by the application of the potential difference, the bond
between the atoms becomes weakened.
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molecule according to the invention is basically a four
step process: First, the water molecule is subjected to
; a potential difference physically in oppositely charged
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electrical voltage zones. Second, the water molecule becomes
electrically polarized. Third, the electrical polarization
of the molecule as it affects the electrical charges of
the component hydrogen and oxygen atoms greatly weakens
the stability of the overall molecule. And fourth, because
the voltage zones are present and have opposite electrical
attractions, the electron bonding of the hydrogen and oxygen
atoms molecule is broken and the molecule splits into its
component atoms. The hydrogen is attracted to the negative
electrical voltage zone, while, simultaneously, the oxygen
is attracted to the positive electrical voltage zone.
Because the bond between the hydrogen and oxygen is already
weakened by the first electrical polarization of the water
molecule, little energy in the form of applied voltage
is needed to actually separate the hydrogen and oxygen
atoms. Voltage, a potential energy and not energy consumption
(amps), provides the threshold impetus for the atoms to
break away from one another in the molecule in a strictly
physical process. hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are released
in great amounts with little energy consumed, and without
chemical interactions. Once the molecule splits, the liberated
hydrogen and oxygen atoms will not recombine.
In an explanation of the theory of operation
of the invention a water molecule (HO) in a normal state
has a molecular bond in a neutral molecule that includes
the sharing of electrons between two nominally positive
hydrogen atoms and a nominally negative oxygen atom The
molecule itself is in a neutral, uncharged, stable state.
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In the invention, electrical voltage zones are created.
The atoms of the normally neutral water molecule take on
an electrical charge; the oxygen atom takes on a negative
electrical charge; the hydrogen atoms take on a positive
S charge. The covalent electron bonding of the molecule
is distrusted by the introduced electrical charge and is
weakened. Separation of the atoms, and the production
; of gas, occurs between the plates. The process is preferably
done in a non-chemical environment; thus, any form of "natural"
water may be utilized without additives or chemicals.
Voltage zones are provided by electrically conductive non-oxidizing,
non-corrosive, non-reactive excitor plates (formed from
a material such as stainless steel) placed in a non-chemical,
non-reactive housing. A voltage is applied to the excitor
plates to provide a potential energy. Although current
leakage will occur because of the residual conductivity
of the water in the invention the flow of amperes is limited
deliberately in any well known manner so as to be insignificant
Contaminants present in water do not affect the process.
Gas production is achieved by pulsing the
potential difference that creates the electrical voltage
zones in a variable, repetitive manner In general, the
production of gas increases with either or both of the
voltage applied and/or the frequency of the voltage pulse.
Because of the ability to control the gas
production rate the method and apparatus ox the invention
` provides a fuel cell that is a constant energy source.
; In practical application, there is no need for secondary
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storage medium for the gas produced. Natural water is
the safest medium in which to store hydrogen atoms until
; they are needed for consumption. If the fuel cell is ruptured,
the only material to spill out would be harmless water.
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