Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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The present invention relates generally to an improved
building wall construction and, in particular, to a building
wall constructed of porous or aerated concrete blocks which is
specially coated and results in an accurately dimensioned and
decorative wall.
Exterior or interior building walls constructed from
bricks in the conventional manner are not true to size on
account of the bricks used. The result is inaccurate and skewed
wall surfaces that may be damaged by a great number of
environmental influences. A special plaster is required both
on the inside and outside of the brick wall in order to
compensate for this lack of dimensionai accuracy. Normally, one
or two layers of plaster having a total thickness of from about
two to three centimeters is used. This procedure results in
high material and labor costs and, in the case of large
buildings, it also leads to a significant loss of space. In
addition, such building walls must be allowed to dry for a long
period after erection and plastering. Generally, a drying time
of five to six weeks is necessary.
It is an object of the present invention to provide
a bricked, plastered exterior or interior building wall which
is plastered with optimal dimensional accuracy and in a
particularly advantageous way. It is a further object of the
present invention to provide a protective and decorative coating
which is applied to such walls.
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The above objects are accomplished in accordance with
the present invention by the exterior or interior wall first
being constructed from aerated or porous concrete blocks or
bricks. On the surEace of this wall, at least the joints are
covered either by means of plaster and/or a material with
aerated concrete granùlate or with the excess adhesive squeezed
from the joints between the blocks. A not readily inflammable,
expandable and moisture-regulating layer having a structured
surface formed from a mixture of fibers is also applied to this
wall. The fiber mixture may consist only of natural fibers or
only of synthetic fibers or any desired composition of natural
and synthetic fibers.
The joints between the concrete blocks are covered in
order to eliminate visible joints which would result in an
undesirable pattern on the wall. The joints may be covered by
means of plaster or a material containing aerated concrete
granulate. Frequently, the blocks are placed one on top of the
other with the use of an excessive amount of adhesive in the
joints. The excessive adhesive is squeezed from the joints when
the blocks are pressed together. This excess adhesive is
scraped off with a trowel or spatula in such a way that the
joints are evenly closed or sealed.
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It falls within the scope of the invention to coat,
iE desired, the total wall constructed from the porous concrete
blocks with a thin-bed plaster that may have a thickness of
about two to three millimeters. This extremely thin wall
coating serves to cover the wall and/or the plaster covered
~oints. This first coating applied to the building wall may be
a thin-bed mortar or plaster and/or a slurry and/or a thin
coating or a silica sand-containing dispersion paint.
Subsequently, a structured surfacing consisting of a mixture of
fibers is applied to this wall coating. The structured surface
consists of a mixture of natural fibers which has special
material properties such as extensibility, moisture regulation,
capability of breathing and heat and sound insulation
properties.
In particular, the mixture of natural fibers may
consist of natural products such as cotton, grasses and plants,
which are mixed together. For this purpose, natural fibers are
used which are highly stable and compatible with each other and
with a weight such that a uniform surface pattern is obtained
when the coating has been completed.
The natural fibers are interlocked with each other,
thereby leading to a large number of connections or linkages.
The fibers are not disposed one on top of the other or next to
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each other independently, but rather are intertwined with each
other and anchored by combining them with a liquid such as
water. This results in high extensibility, so that the coating
is capable of contraction and expansion in the presence of great
temperature variations without alterations or changes resulting
in the coated surface. Also, the coating will not detach itself
from the wall. Following its application and drying, the
coating becomes a component of the base or substratum because
the fibers will partially be anchored also in the base.
Advantageously, a fiber mixture of Hirsutum-type
cotton fibers of the following composition is used:
12% - 23% spun cotton;
30% - 40~ first cut linters; and
43% - 53% second cut linters.
A particularly advantageous extensible and moisture
regulating coating with high flammability retarding property is
obtained if the fiber mixture consists of Hirsutum-type cotton
fibers with the following composition:
17% spun cotton;
35% first cut linters; and
48% second cut linters.
The fibers of spun cotton may have a length of 20 to
50 mm and they may have as cross~sectional features a
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0454~-7/iY
longitudinal axis of 19 um and a transverse axis of 8 um. The
first cut linters may have a length in the range of 2.5 to 6 mm,
a fiber diameter in the range of 17 to 27 um and a cellulose
content of 83 to 86%. It has been found preferable that the
first cut linters used have a length of about 3 mm. The second
cut linters may have a length in the range of 2 to 3.5 mm, a
fiber diameter of 17 to 27 um and a cellulose content of 83 to
86%.
The cotton fibres used have a perfect crystalline
structure (example: linters 2.15 ce]lulose, 1.48
crystallinity). Preferred are fibers with a high orientation
of the micellar strands and fibrils.
The fibers are processed by first carrying out
alkaline pressure boiling followed by multi-step bleaching.
Especially sodium chloride and soda lye are used for the
bleaching. Following drying, the material is calendered. The
cotton is then reflocculated.
In addition to the main component cotton, the mixture
may contain an addition of cork, coconut fibers, ground rice
shells, whole rice shells and Andnes grass as well as
vermiculites. The cotton fibers of different length used for
the cotton coating are dispersible with water.
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04544-7/iY
Another coating may be formed having different
proportions of cotton. Cotton fibers of different lengths are
admixed and, for example Asian grasses and plant and tree
components, for example components of a Japanese cypress, are
added. All of the additives may be added to the coating
according to the invention individually or with any desired
composition.
Such coatings result in good sound insulation
properties since the sound absorption of the coating is very
good. Furthermore, good thermal insulation is achieved. The
coating according to the invention regulates the moisture
because of its capability of absorbing moisture without change
in structure. Regulation of moisture, as used herein, means no
flowing water.
Another advantage of the present invention is that
soiled or damaged parts of the wall may be restored easily by
providing the wall with a new coating or restoring the coating.
All decorative requirements with respect to natural
and synthetic fibers may be satisfied.
According to another aspect of the present invention,
an extensible and moisture-regulating coating with high
flammability retarding property having a structured surface and
containing a mixture of intertwined and anchored fibers as
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described above is provided for application to exterior or
interior building walls to which said coating may be applied in
particular as plaster. This coating may be a coating that is
used for new plaster work, i.e., for renovation work, or a
coating for a new building with exterior or interior walls made
of any type of construction material. According to the present
invention, the fibers used for this coating include a cotton
mixture and may contain additions of cork, coconut fibers,
ground rice shells or whole rice shells, Andes grass as well as
vermiculites. Also, Asian grasses and plant and tree components
may be added to the cotton.
Other objects and features of the present invention
will become apparent from the following detailed description
considered in connection with the accompanying drawing. It is
to be understood, however, that the drawing is designed as an
illustration only and not as a definition of the limits of the
invention.
In the drawing there is illustrated a partial
perspective view of a building wall according to the present
invention.
Now turning to the drawing and particularly the left
side thereof, there is shown an exterior or interior building
wall 1 constructed from aerated or porous concrete blocks or
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bricks 2. The use of porous concrete bricks 2 permits very high
dimensional accuracy for the exterior or interior wall 1. The
exterior or interior wall 1 may be constructed in exact
compliance with the specified construction dimensions in a way
such that no later corrections are required. The surface 3 of
the wall has joints 4 between the concrete blocks 2. For
producing the wall covering, joints 4 are first covered by means
of mortar or plaster 5 or a material based on aerated concrete
granulate. The covering is used in order to hide joints 4 and
prevent their visibility. The structured coating 6 is applied
to surface 3 of the wall with the joints 4 covered as shown at
reference numeral 5. The structured coating 6 covers the total
wall surface 3 and serves both as a decorative coating and sound
and heat insulation. Furthermore, protection against fire may
be achieved to a high degree depending on the thickness of
coating 6 applied to wall 1.
Turning now to the right side of the drawing, it is
seen that the entire surface 3 of the wall may also be covered
with a layer 5 consisting of a thin-bed plaster or mortar. This
thin-bed plaster layer 5 has a thickness of about one to two
millimeters. If desired, also a slurry may be applied.
Furthermore, layer 5 may be a thin plaster with a thickness of
about two to three millimeters. This coating or layer 5 mainly
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serves the purpose of covering the wall and mortar joints 4.
The structured layer 6 consisting of a mixture of fibers is then
applied to said layer 5.
While two embodiments of the present invention have
been shown and described, it will be obvious that many changes
and modifications may be made thereunto without departing from
the spirit and scope o~ the invention.
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